30/03/2026

Jirgin Ruwa daga China zuwa Portugal: Farashin Yanzu & Zaɓuɓɓukan Sufuri

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

Gabatarwa

China da Portugal suna kan ɓangarorin da ke gaba da juna a yankin Eurasia, duk da haka hanyar kasuwanci da ke haɗa su ta fi cunkoso, tana da zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, kuma ta fi arha fiye da yadda yawancin masu shigo da kaya ke zato. A shekarar 2024, ƙasashen biyu sun yi ciniki da juna na kayayyaki kimanin dala biliyan 8. Yawancin waɗannan kayayyaki, kamar na'urorin lantarki, injina, yadi, kayan daki, kayan masarufi, da kayan mota, ana tafiya da su ta teku. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 28 zuwa 48 kafin jigilar kaya ta jiragen ruwa daga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na China zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika na Portugal. Lokacin ya dogara da asalin, tashar jiragen ruwa da za a je, hanyar jirgin, jigilar kaya, da farashin kasuwa na yanzu, waɗanda suka yi ƙasa da yadda suke a lokacin annobar a 2021 da 2022.

Mutane a wasu lokutan ba sa fahimtar irin fa'idar da yankin da Portugal ke amfani da shi a yankin Iberian Peninsula ke da shi dangane da jigilar kayayyaki. Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Sines, wacce ke da tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu zurfi a Tekun Atlantika, tana ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin kwantena mafi sauri a Turai kuma babbar tashar jigilar kayayyaki ce ga hanyar sadarwa ta duniya ta MSC. Tashoshin kwantena guda uku na Lisbon suna kula da yawancin kayayyakin kasuwanci da ke shigowa daga Asiya kuma suna kai su yankin babban birnin Lisbon cikin sauri. Leixões, wanda ke kusa da Porto, yana hidima ga arewa. Tsarin yanayin tashar jiragen ruwa na Portugal yana ba wa masu shigo da kaya damar yin amfani da kayayyaki da yawa don shiga ƙasar, wanda hakan na iya canza lokutan sufuri da farashin jigilar kaya.

Wannan labarin yana ba ku jagora mai amfani, wanda ke da bayanai kan yadda ake jigilar kaya ta teku daga China zuwa Portugal a 2025 da 2026. Ya ƙunshi farashin FCL da LCL na yanzu, zaɓuɓɓukan sufuri, zaɓin hanya, zaɓin tashar jiragen ruwa, buƙatun kwastam, da kuma yadda za ku zaɓi mafi kyawun abokin hulɗar jigilar kaya don hanyar jirgin ƙasa da ke ƙara zama gasa kuma mafi kyawun sabis ga manyan layukan jigilar kaya.

Farashin jigilar kaya a Teku na yanzu: China zuwa Portugal (Bayanan Kasuwa na 2026)

Farashin jigilar kayayyaki ta teku tsakanin China da Turai ya ƙara zama mai karko tun lokacin da suka kasance marasa tabbas daga 2021 zuwa 2023. Farashin ya koma matsayin da ke gasa ga masu shigo da kaya tare da yawan da aka saba samu bayan ƙaruwar na ɗan lokaci a lokacin katsewar Tekun Red a ƙarshen 2023 da farkon 2024. Wannan ya haifar da canjin yanayi a Cape of Good Hope kuma ya ƙara kwanaki 10-14 zuwa lokutan sufuri na yau da kullun. Farashin FCL daga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Kudancin China zuwa Lisbon ya fara daga kusan $1,700 ga kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 20 da $2,900 ga kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 40 tun daga watan Afrilun 2026. farashin daga Shanghai ya ɗan fi girma, kuma farashin daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na arewacin China (Qingdao, Tianjin) ya fi girma saboda tsawon tushe ya fi tsayi.

Farashin da ke ƙasa an yi su ne bisa farashin kasuwa kai tsaye daga kwata na farko da na biyu na 2026 kuma suna nuna farashin tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun. Maimakon a ɗauke su a matsayin farashin da aka tabbatar, ya kamata a ɗauke su a matsayin ma'aunin kasuwa. Farashin gaske ya dogara ne da layin jigilar kaya, lokacin yin rajista, nau'in kaya, da ƙarin kuɗaɗen (mai, tashar jiragen ruwa, kayan aiki) waɗanda ke aiki a lokacin jigilar kaya. Kuɗaɗen shiga gida zuwa ƙofar yawanci sun fi kashi 30-50% sama da farashin tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa da aka lissafa. Waɗannan kuɗaɗen sun haɗa da farashin jigilar kaya daga asali, kwastam a tashar jiragen ruwa ta fitarwa, jigilar kaya ta teku, kuɗin tashar jiragen ruwa a inda za a je, izinin kwastam a tashar jiragen ruwa ta shigo da kaya, da kuma isar da kaya na ƙarshe.

Asalin Port (China)	Tashar Wuta (Portugal)	20ft FCL (USD)	40ft / 40HQ FCL (USD)	Lokacin wucewa
Shenzhen Yantian	Lisbon	$1,700	$2,900	~ Kwanaki 31 (ta hanyar Algeciras)
Shanghai (Yangshan)	Lisbon	$1,900	$3,650	~ Kwanaki 43 (ta hanyar Rotterdam)
Shanghai (Yangshan)	Leixões (Porto)	$1,950	$2,950	~ Kwanaki 48 (ta hanyar Sines)
Ningbo	Lisbon	~ $ 2,100	~ $ 3,900	28-38 kwanaki (dogaran hanya)
Guangzhou / Nansha	Lisbon / Leixões	~$1,800-2,200	~$3,000-4,000	30-40 kwanaki
Qingdao / Tianjin	Lisbon	~$2,200-2,600	~$3,800-4,500	35-45 kwanaki

Akwai tsare-tsare da dama a cikin bayanan farashi waɗanda suka cancanci a nuna. Hanya daga Shenzhen Yantian zuwa Lisbon ta Algeciras yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun gasa ga jigilar kaya daga Kudancin China. Sabis ɗin da HMM ke gudanarwa yana ba da lokutan jigilar kaya na kwanaki 31 a wasu daga cikin mafi ƙarancin farashi a kasuwa. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki 48 don tafiya daga Shanghai zuwa Leixões ta hanyar Sines, wanda yake da jinkiri amma yana ba masu shigo da kaya na arewacin Portugal damar shiga tashar jiragen ruwa nan take ba tare da biyan kuɗin jigilar kaya a Lisbon ba. Zaɓin jigilar kaya yana ƙara lokaci ga tafiya ga kamfanoni waɗanda ke shirye su bi ta Rotterdam, amma kuma yana iya buɗe sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa na jigilar kaya da shirye-shiryen farashi. Abu mafi mahimmanci da za a tuna shine cewa hanyar "mafi arha" ba koyaushe ce wacce ke da mafi ƙarancin kuɗin jigilar kaya ba. Ya dogara ne akan jimlar kuɗin saukar jiragen sama, wanda ya haɗa da isar da kaya zuwa wurin da za a je.

FCL vs. LCL: Zaɓar Sabis Mai Daɗi don Ƙarar Ku

Lokacin shirya jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Portugal, ɗaya daga cikin mahimman shawarwarin kasuwanci shine ko za a yi amfani da Cikakken Load na Kwantena (FCL) ko Less-than-Container-Load (LCL). Masu shigo da kaya da yawa suna yin zaɓi mara kyau a duka hanyoyi biyu. Shawarar da aka saba bayarwa ita ce a yi amfani da LCL don jigilar kaya ƙasa da CBM 15 da FCL don jigilar kaya sama da haka. Wannan wuri ne mai kyau don farawa, amma ba ya la'akari da muhimman abubuwa kamar lokacin jigilar kaya, ingancin kwastam, tsaron kaya, da jimlar kuɗin saukar jiragen sama.

FCL tana bawa mai shigo da kaya damar amfani da kwantenar ƙafa 20 ko ƙafa 40 gaba ɗaya su kaɗai. Yawanci akwai ƙarancin aiki da za a yi a kwastam kuma yana tafiya da sauri saboda akwai mai shigo da kaya ɗaya kawai, takardar kuɗi ɗaya, da kuma takaddun takardu guda ɗaya don cikakken akwatin. A wurin haɗa kaya, ba a sarrafa kayan a lokacin tafiyar, wanda hakan ke rage haɗarin lalacewa. Kuma ya danganta da hanyar da kuma jigilar kaya, FCL ta fi LCL araha tsakanin CBM 12 zuwa 18 ga kowace CBM. FCL kuma yana sauƙaƙa wa masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke da yawan da ake iya faɗi na yau da kullun su yi shawarwari kan shirye-shiryen farashi na shekara-shekara tare da layukan jigilar kaya ko masu jigilar kaya.

LCL ita ce mafi kyawun zaɓi ga ƙananan jigilar kaya, kamfanonin da ke son gwada hanyar China-Portugal kafin su amince da girman kwantena, da kuma waɗanda haɗin kayansu ba a iya hasashen su ba don cike kwantena akai-akai. Kudin kowace CBM ya fi girma, kuma jimillar lokacin jigilar kaya yawanci yana da tsawon kwanaki 5 zuwa 7 fiye da FCL saboda ana haɗa kayan a wurin da aka samo su kuma a raba su a inda za a nufa. Amma babban birnin da ake buƙata ya fi ƙasa sosai. Maimakon biyan CBM 25 na sararin kwantena komai yawan abin da kuke buƙata, kawai kuna biyan kuɗin mita mai siffar cubic da kayanku ke ɗauka. Wannan gibin da ke cikin babban jari yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga ƙananan da matsakaitan masu shigo da kaya.

Bayanin jigilar kaya	Kimanin Farashin	Lokacin wucewa	Mafi kyawun
Jirgin ruwa na LCL (kowace CBM)	$140- $290 a kowane CBM	35-50 kwanaki (ciki har da ƙarfafawa)	Ƙananan rukuni 1-15 CBM; Ƙananan ƙananan kamfanoni suna gwada kasuwa
FCL - akwati mai ƙafa 20	$1,700-2,600 kowace ganga	28-43 kwanakin tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa	Matsakaicin juzu'i 15–25 CBM; zagayowar shigo da kaya na yau da kullun
Kwantena na FCL - ƙafa 40 / 40HQ	$2,900-4,500 kowace ganga	28-43 kwanakin tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa	Masu shigo da kaya masu yawa; cike guraben kaya; mafi ƙarancin farashin kowace-CBM
Kofa-da-ƙofa (teku, LCL/FCL)	$5.50–6.50/kg (DDP tare da VAT)	Kwanaki 35-45 gida-gida	Masu shigo da kaya ba tare da EORI ba; masu sayar da kasuwancin e-commerce; zaɓi mara wahala

Isar da kaya daga DDP (An biya kuɗin da aka biya) yana ƙara shahara a tsakanin masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke son abubuwa su kasance masu sauƙi gwargwadon iko. Tare da DDP, kamfanin jigilar kaya yana kula da komai, tun daga ɗaukar kaya a masana'antar da ke China har zuwa kai su ta kwastam a Portugal. Mai shigo da kaya yana biyan wani adadin kuɗi kuma ana kai kayan zuwa ƙofarsa a shirye kuma a shirye don siyarwa. Yana kashe kuɗi fiye da kowane raka'a fiye da sarrafa kowane mataki daban, amma yana kawar da yuwuwar abubuwan mamaki na kwastam da wahalar bin rajistar EORI da bin ƙa'idodin VAT. DDP galibi shine zaɓi mafi aminci ga 'yan kasuwa na e-commerce da ƙananan da matsakaitan kasuwanci waɗanda sababbi ne ga shigo da kaya daga Portugal.

Manyan Hanyoyin Jigilar Kaya: Yadda Kaya Ke Saukowa Daga China Zuwa Portugal

Hanyar jigilar kaya ta teku ta China da Portugal ba wai kawai layi ne madaidaiciya daga wuri ɗaya zuwa wani ba. Domin kaya su isa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na gabar tekun yamma na Portugal, dole ne su fara ratsawa ta Tekun Kudancin China, Mashigin Malacca, Tekun Indiya, Tekun Ja, Mashigin Suez (a cikin yanayi na yau da kullun), Bahar Rum, sannan kuma a ƙarshe Tekun Atlantika. Kowane sashe yana da nasa yanayin haɗari, jigilar kaya da aka fi so, da kuma tasirinsa a lokacin jigilar kaya.

Hanyar Magudanar Ruwa ta Suez (Babban Hanya)

A mafi yawan lokuta, kayan da ke tafiya daga China zuwa Portugal suna ratsa ta mashigin ruwa na Suez. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauri kuma mafi sauri ta cikin teku mai zurfi, tana ƙara tsakanin kwanaki 28 zuwa 43 na tafiya a teku dangane da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na asali da inda za su je. Kafin su kawo kayayyaki zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwan Portugal na ƙarshe, masu ɗaukar kaya galibi suna tsayawa a cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki ta Bahar Rum, wacce ko dai Algeciras ce a Spain, Port Said a Masar, ko Sines a Portugal kanta. Zaɓin jigilar kayayyaki ta Algeciras yana da kyau sosai ga kaya daga Kudancin China zuwa Lisbon. Sabis na HMM daga Yantian zuwa Lisbon ta Algeciras yana ɗaukar kwanaki 31 kuma yana da jadawali mai inganci.

Canja hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa Cape of Good Hope

A ƙarshen shekarar 2023 da farkon shekarar 2024, lokacin da hare-haren Houthi kan jigilar kaya a Tekun Maliya suka yi muni, masu jigilar kaya da yawa sun koma hanyar Cape of Good Hope mai tsayi a Afirka. Wannan ya ƙara kwanaki 10 zuwa 14 ga lokutan jigilar kaya da kuma ƙarin kuɗaɗen mai da yawa, wanda ake bai wa masu shigo da kaya na Turai a cikin nau'i mafi girma a farkon shekarar 2024. A tsakiyar shekarar 2024, yawancin masu jigilar kaya sun koma amfani da hanyar Suez, ko dai wani ɓangare ko gaba ɗaya, yayin da tsaro ya inganta. Ya zuwa shekarar 2026, magudanar ruwa ta Suez ita ce babbar hanyar jigilar kaya tsakanin China da Portugal. Duk da haka, masu shigo da kaya ya kamata su san cewa zaɓin sake jigilar kaya na Cape har yanzu yana samuwa ga masu jigilar kaya kuma ana iya sake amfani da shi cikin sauri idan tsaro a Tekun Maliya ya sake ta'azzara.

Tafiya ta hanyar Rotterdam ko Hamburg

Wasu ayyukan China-Portugal suna ratsa ta tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Arewacin Turai, galibi Rotterdam da Hamburg, kafin su nufi kudu zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Portugal. Wannan hanyar tana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo (kwana 4-7 fiye da haka ga jirgin ruwa mai ciyarwa daga Rotterdam zuwa Lisbon), amma tana iya ba ku damar shiga hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban na jigilar kaya, jadawalin tafiya mai sassauƙa, kuma wani lokacin ƙananan farashin jigilar kaya. Sabis ɗin ONE daga Yangshan zuwa Lisbon ta Rotterdam yana ɗaukar kwanaki 43 kuma yana kashe $1,900 ga kwantenar ƙafa 20. Ba shine zaɓi mafi sauri ba, amma shine abin da aka fi so don jigilar kaya daga tsakiya da gabashin China. Idan kuna buƙatar hanyoyin jigilar kaya akai-akai zuwa Arewacin Turai daga Leixões, wannan hanyar kuma tana ba da kyakkyawar haɗi zuwa Spain idan kuna buƙatar su.

Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa na Portugal: Wanne Ya Dace Da Kayanka?

Yawancin masu shigo da kaya ba sa tunanin Portugal tana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa kamar yadda take yi. Lisbon ita ce zaɓin da aka saba yi wa masu jigilar kaya na farko zuwa China. Duk da haka, Leixões (Porto), Sines, Setúbal, da Aveiro duk suna da nasu fa'idodi da rashin amfani dangane da nau'in kaya, jigilar kaya ta ƙarshe, da kuma samuwar jadawalin jiragen ruwa. Zaɓin tashar jiragen ruwa mai dacewa ba kawai batun sauƙi ba ne; yana iya rage farashin saukar jiragen sama gabaɗaya ta hanyar rage nisan da manyan motoci ke yi a ƙasa, guje wa layuka masu tsayi a tashoshi, da kuma ba ku damar yin amfani da ayyukan kira kai tsaye waɗanda ba sa buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa yayin jigilar kaya.

Port	location	Siffofin Maɓalli & Mafi Amfani
Lisbon (Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Lisbon)	Gabar Tejo, bakin Tejo	Babban tashar jiragen ruwa ta Portugal; ~1.2M TEU; tashoshin kwantena 3; mafi kyau ga rarrabawa yankin Lisbon da kayayyakin masu amfani
Leixões (Porto)	Gabar tekun arewa maso yamma, bakin Kogin Douro	Babban tashar jiragen ruwa ta Arewacin Portugal; kayan aiki na zamani; hanyoyin haɗi masu ƙarfi da layin dogo zuwa arewacin Iberia; mafi kyau don isar da kayayyaki a Porto da arewacin Portugal
Sines	Tekun Kudu maso Yammacin Tekun Atlantika	Tashar jiragen ruwa mai zurfi; tana kula da manyan jiragen ruwa na kwantena; muhimmin cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki ta MSC; haɓaka ayyukan kira kai tsaye daga China; matsayi mai mahimmanci a Tekun Atlantika
leda	Bakin teku, kudu da Lisbon	Yana kula da kayayyaki daban-daban; haɓaka masana'antu da jigilar kayayyaki na motoci; ingantacciyar hanyar shiga babbar hanya zuwa yankin Lisbon
Aveiro	Tekun Tsakiya-Yamma	Yana tallafawa cinikayyar tsakiyar Portugal; ƙaramin girma; mai da hankali kan kayayyakin masana'antu; ingantaccen haɗin hanya zuwa manyan yankuna na cikin gida

Masu shigo da kaya da ke tsammanin shigo da kayayyaki da yawa ko kuma ganin kasuwancinsu ya bunƙasa ya kamata su kula da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Sines. Sines na zama cibiyar kiran kai tsaye ga manyan layukan jigilar kaya waɗanda ke son guje wa cunkoso a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Arewacin Turai. Wannan saboda yana ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na ruwa mai zurfi na Atlantika a Turai waɗanda za su iya ɗaukar manyan jiragen ruwa masu manyan kwantena (ULCVs) ba tare da ƙa'idojin daftarin aiki ba. MSC tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya a duniya. Cibiyar MSC da ke Sines babban wurin jigilar kaya ne ga zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na Atlantika. Sines tana zama mafi kyawun tashar shiga a yankin Iberian ga masu fitar da kayayyaki na China waɗanda kayansu ke zuwa Portugal, Spain, ko Yammacin Afirka.

Mutanen da ke jigilar kaya zuwa arewacin Portugal da arewacin Spain koyaushe suna ba da shawarar Leixões. Tana da kyawawan hanyoyin haɗin jirgin ƙasa da na titi zuwa yankin Peninsula, kuma ayyukan tashar jiragen ruwanta suna da inganci kuma suna aiki da kyau. Leixões yawanci ba ta da cunkoso fiye da Lisbon, don haka mutane suna zama a can na ɗan lokaci idan suka isa. Leixões koyaushe yana da ƙarancin farashin jigilar kaya fiye da Lisbon lokacin da adireshin wurin zuwa yake a arewa. Wannan saboda Leixões yana cikin yankin Porto, wanda shine kasuwar masu amfani ta biyu mafi girma a Portugal.

Kwastam, Haraji, da VAT: Abin da Ya Kamata Ku Sani Kafin Kayayyakinku Su Isa

Item	Rate / Doka	Notes
Kudin Kwastam na Tarayyar Turai	0%–17% (ya dogara da samfur)	Dangane da lambar HS a ƙarƙashin Haɗaɗɗen Suna na EU (CN 2025); duba bayanan TARIC
VAT akan shigo da kaya	Kashi 23% (daidai); Kashi 6.5% na littattafai / zaɓaɓɓun abubuwa; Kashi 13% na abinci	An yi amfani da shi akan ƙimar CIF + haraji; Madeira 22%; Azores 16%
Matsakaicin iyaka na De minimis (ba tare da haraji ba)	Kayayyaki ≤ €150 FOB darajar	Ba a biyan haraji amma har yanzu VAT yana aiki; an cire ƙa'idar shigo da kayayyaki daga yawancin canje-canjen IOSS na Yuli 2021
Ayyukan hana zubar da jini	Har zuwa 48.5% (misali, kekuna)	Aiwatar da takamaiman rukuni; duba matakan Tsaron Ciniki na EU; kekuna, na'urorin hasken rana, da yumbu da galibi abin ya shafa
Lambar EORI (mai shigo da kaya)	Wajibi ne ga masu shigo da EU	Ana buƙatar izinin kwastam a Portugal; yi rijista ta hukumar kwastam ta Portugal (AT)
Bayanin Takaitaccen Shigarwa na ICS2	Dole ne; fayil ɗin awanni 24 kafin lodawa	Ana buƙatar cikakkun lambobin HS masu lambobi 6; ya shafi teku da jirgin sama shiga EU; kurakurai suna haifar da jinkirin kan iyaka
Zaɓin jigilar DDP	Duk-in-in (haraji + 23% VAT da aka riga aka biya)	Yana kashe $5.50–6.50/kg ta hanyar teku DDP; yana guje wa cajin kuɗi mai ban mamaki lokacin isowa; mafi kyau ga ƙananan masana'antu ba tare da EORI ba

Akwai takamaiman haɗari ga nau'ikan samfura da dama idan ana maganar ƙoƙarin hana zubar da kaya. Baya ga farashin da aka saba, kekuna daga China dole ne su biya kashi 48.5% na harajin hana zubar da kaya. Tarayyar Turai tana da matakan kariya na kasuwanci don allunan hasken rana, tayal ɗin yumbu, wasu kayayyakin ƙarfe, da wasu nau'ikan. Waɗannan ƙuntatawa na iya yin babban tasiri ga farashin siyan kaya daga China. Kafin sanya hannu kan kwangila da mai kaya a kowace fanni inda matsalar hana zubar da kaya ta kasance matsala a baya, masu shigo da kaya dole ne su duba bayanan matakan tsaron kasuwanci na Tarayyar Turai.

Abubuwan Yanayi da Lokacin da Kawowar Kaya

Farashin jigilar kaya da kuma adadin sararin da ake da shi don jigilar kaya a kan hanyar China da Portugal yana canzawa a duk shekara. Akwai sau biyu da suke da matukar muhimmanci a sani da kuma tsara su. A lokacin gaggawar da ake yi kafin Sabuwar Shekarar Sin, wanda yawanci yakan kasance daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu, kamfanonin China suna aiki da sauri don kammala odar fitarwa kafin rufe hutun ƙasa. Akwai ƙarancin sarari a kan jiragen ruwa, hauhawar farashin wurin zama, kuma layukan jigilar kaya suna sa ya yi wahala a canza jadawalin tafiyar jiragen ruwa. Lokacin mafi girma na kwata na huɗu, wanda ke gudana daga Agusta zuwa Oktoba, ya faru ne saboda dillalan Turai suna tara kaya don Kirsimeti da zagayowar sake cika kaya bayan bazara. Wannan yana haifar da irin wannan matsala ta ɗaukar kaya, inda farashin kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 40 yawanci yakan tashi da kashi 20-26% sama da tushen tsakiyar shekara.

Bayanan kasuwa daga Sino-Shipping na Nuwamba 2025 sun tabbatar da wannan yanayin yanayi daidai: kwantena masu tsawon ƙafa 40 sun karu da kashi 26% daga wata zuwa wata zuwa Nuwamba, yayin da farashin ƙafa 20 da LCL ya kasance iri ɗaya, wanda yake daidai da kwata na huɗu lokacin da aka ƙara ƙarfin aiki. Masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke shirin siyan sayensu na shekara-shekara ya kamata su sami sarari a cikin jiragen ruwa don isarwa a cikin kwata na huɗu kafin Yuli a ƙarshe. Don isar da kayayyaki a kusa da Sabuwar Shekarar China, ya kamata su yi rajistar sarari a watan Nuwamba kuma su tabbatar da cewa an gama fitar da kayayyaki daga masana'anta kafin Janairu.

Akwai ƙarin hutun ƙasa na ƙasar Sin banda CNY waɗanda suke da mahimmanci. Hutun Makon Zinare a farkon Oktoba hutu ne na biyu na samarwa wanda zai iya jinkirta kwanakin da masana'antu ke jigilar kayayyaki da kuma shafar jadawalin sufuri. Masu shigo da kaya waɗanda suka tsara lokacin isar da kayayyaki bisa ga zato cewa masana'antu za su ci gaba da yin kayayyaki a waɗannan lokutan galibi suna fuskantar jinkiri na makonni 2 zuwa 3 waɗanda za a iya hana su idan aka shirya kalanda mai kyau. Mai isar da kaya mai kyau zai kawo waɗannan ranakun a tattaunawar farko game da jigilar kaya.

Aiki tare da jigilar kaya ta Topway akan titin China-Portugal

Akwai nahiyoyi biyu, da kuma wasu hanyoyin sufuri da dama, da kuma akalla hukumomin kwastam guda biyu a cikin tsarin samar da kayayyaki da ke kawo kayayyaki daga China zuwa Portugal. Ingancin abokin hulɗar jigilar kayayyaki shine mafi mahimmancin abin da zai iya sa jigilar kaya ta tafi cikin sauƙi da inganci ko kuma ta sa ta fi tsada da damuwa. Wannan gaskiya ne ga sabbin 'yan kasuwa da kuma ƙwararrun masu shigo da kaya waɗanda ke son yin amfani da hanyar da suka riga suka yi amfani da ita.

Kamfanin jigilar kaya na Topway Shipping kamfani ne mai ƙwarewa a fannin jigilar kayayyaki na ƙasashen waje wanda ke Shenzhen wanda ke gudanar da harkokinsa tun daga shekarar 2010. Suna da ƙwarewa ta sama da shekaru 15 a fannin jigilar kaya da kwastam na ƙasashen waje. Mutanen da suka fara kamfanin sun sami ƙwarewa sosai a fannin aiki a kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta China-US, wadda take ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin kasuwanci mafi wahala da rikitarwa a duniya. Ana iya amfani da wannan ilimin kai tsaye a kan hanyar China-Portugal. Ko ina tashar jiragen ruwa take, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake sarrafa ɗaukar kaya da haɗakar masana'antu yadda ya kamata, fahimtar hanyoyin fitar da kaya na China, bin diddigin buƙatun takardun kwastam na China daidai, da kuma daidaita da kamfanonin jiragen sama na ƙasashen waje kan yin rajista da tsara jadawalin aiki.

Don jigilar kaya tsakanin China da Portugal, Topway tana ba da sassaucin da yawancin masu shigo da kaya ke so amma ba za su iya samu a cikin mai samar da kaya ɗaya ba. Ayyukan jigilar kaya na teku na FCL suna haɗa manyan cibiyoyin masana'antu na China - Shenzhen, Shanghai, Ningbo, Guangzhou, da Qingdao - zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Portugal, kamar Lisbon, Leixões, da Sines. Ayyukan haɗa LCL ɗinta suna buɗe hanyar ga kamfanoni waɗanda ba su da isasshen adadin da za su cika cikakken akwati a halin yanzu. Tsarin sabis ɗinta na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe ya ƙunshi komai tun daga ɗaukar kaya daga masana'anta zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa, share kwastam don fitarwa, yin rajistar jigilar kaya ta teku, share kwastam don shigo da kaya a inda ake zuwa, adana kaya a ƙasashen waje, da kuma isar da su mil na ƙarshe. Wannan yana nufin cewa kasuwanci zai iya barin ikon sarrafa sarkar jigilar kayayyaki a wurin da aka samo shi kuma a share kayansa a kai shi Portugal ba tare da yin mu'amala da masu samar da kayayyaki da yawa da wuraren miƙa su ba.

Ikon Topway na adana kayayyaki a wurin da ake zuwa yana da matuƙar amfani ga masu siyar da kayayyaki ta intanet da ƙananan da matsakaitan kasuwanci waɗanda ke shigo da kayayyaki daga China don sayarwa ta hanyar Portugal ko wasu hanyoyin Turai. Masu shigo da kaya za su iya ajiye kaya a rumbun ajiya na ƙasashen waje wanda Topway ke gudanarwa maimakon aika kowane kaya kai tsaye zuwa adireshin abokin ciniki na ƙarshe. Ta wannan hanyar, za su iya cike oda daga hannun jari na gida kuma su rage lokacin da abokan ciniki ke ɗauka kafin su sami odar su. Tare da kasuwancin e-commerce a Portugal yana ƙaruwa da kusan kashi 24% a shekara kamar na 2025, wannan dabarar adana kaya-da-cikakken aiki yana zama kamar al'ada ta kasuwanci fiye da sabis na ƙarin zaɓi.

Abin da ke Shafar Yawan Kaya: Mahimman Canje-canje da za a Fahimta

Ba a samu kididdiga ɗaya kawai ba game da ƙimar jigilar kaya a kan hanyar China-Portugal. Sun fito ne daga abubuwa daban-daban da suka yi karo da juna. Masu shigo da kaya waɗanda suka san waɗannan abubuwan sun fi iya samun ƙiyasin farashi mai kyau, tsara kasafin kuɗinsu da kyau, da kuma zaɓar yanayin da ya dace da sabis.

Girman kwantena da Nau'in

Mafi sauƙin zaɓi shine tsakanin ƙafa 20, ƙafa 40, da ƙafa 40 (40HQ). Akwati mai ƙafa 20 zai iya ɗaukar kimanin kilogiram 25 na CBM da kilogiram 21,700. Akwati mai ƙafa 40 zai iya ɗaukar kilogiram 67 na CBM da kilogiram 26,500. Akwati mai ƙafa 40 na HQ yana ƙara tsawon mita ɗaya, wanda hakan ya kawo jimlar ƙarfin zuwa 76 na CBM. Yanzu haka 40HQ yana da tsada iri ɗaya da na yau da kullun na ƙafa 40 na hanyar China-Lisbon ($2,900 ga duka biyun), wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban ciniki ga abubuwa masu sauƙi amma manyan abubuwa kamar kayan daki, masaku, ko kayayyakin da aka kammala. Akwati mai sake amfani da kaya (a firiji) don kaya masu saurin zafi yana kashe $2,000–3,000 fiye da farashin kwantena busasshe na yau da kullun akan wannan hanyar.

Halayen Kaya

Kayayyaki masu haɗari (wanda aka rarrabawa IMDG), kaya masu yawa (wanda ba a iya aunawa ba), da kayayyaki masu tsada waɗanda ke buƙatar takamaiman ajiya ko inshora duk suna zuwa da ƙarin kuɗi da takardu. Kuna buƙatar gaya wa mai ɗaukar kaya tun kafin lokaci idan kuna son aika kayan lantarki da ke ɗauke da batirin lithium, sinadarai, ko duk wani kayan masana'antu. Hakanan kuna buƙatar bin ƙa'idodin marufi da lakabi na IMDG. Idan kun fahimci waɗannan ba daidai ba, ba kawai zai kashe kuɗi mai yawa ba; yana iya nufin cewa an mayar da kayanku zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta asali ko kuma kwastam a wurin da za a je an jinkirta shi.

Incoterms da kuma Wanene Yake Biyan Kuɗi

Incoterm a cikin takardar lissafin kasuwanci yana gaya muku wanda ke da alhakin jigilar kaya, inshora, da haɗari a kowane mataki na hanya. FOB (Kyauta akan Jirgin Sama) yana nufin cewa mai fitar da kaya yana da alhakin har sai an ɗora kaya a kan jirgin a China. Mai shigo da kaya yana biyan kuɗin jigilar kaya a cikin teku da duk abin da ke bayan haka. CIF tana nufin "Kuɗi, Inshora, Kaya." Wannan yana nuna cewa mai fitar da kaya yana biyan kuɗi kuma yana shirya jigilar kaya a cikin teku da inshora zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa da ake so. Mai shigo da kaya daga nan zai karɓi iko a inda ake nufi. DDP, ko "An biya kuɗin da aka biya," yana nufin cewa mai fitar da kaya ko mai samar da kayayyaki yana kula da komai, gami da kwastam da VAT don shigo da kaya. Ga masu shigo da kaya da aka kafa, FOB ita ce kalmar ciniki mafi rinjaye ga kayayyakin China da ke shigowa Portugal. Ga ƙananan kamfanoni da matsakaitan kamfanoni da kamfanonin e-commerce, DDP yana ƙara zama sananne. Zaɓar Incoterm yana shafar fiye da farashin kawai; yana kuma rinjayar wanda ke da alhakin VAT, kwastam, da inshora.

Kammalawa

A shekarar 2026, jigilar kayayyaki ta teku daga China zuwa Portugal zai zama sanannen hanya, mai araha, kuma mai inganci. Farashin FCL daga manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Kudancin China zuwa Lisbon ya fara daga kimanin $1,700 ga kwantenar ƙafa 20 da $2,900 ga kwantenar ƙafa 40. Waɗannan farashin sun yi ƙasa da kololuwar da aka samu a 2021 da 2022 kuma ana samun su ga kamfanoni na kowane girma. Masu shigo da kaya za su iya tsara shiri a gaba saboda hanyar Suez Canal ta yau da kullun tana ɗaukar kwanaki 28 zuwa 43. Ga ƙananan jigilar kaya, akwai damar LCL, kuma ga kayayyakin da ke buƙatar isa can da sauri, sufurin jirgin kasa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 21 zuwa 24.

Tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Portugal—Lisbon, Leixões, Sines, Setúbal, da Aveiro—suna ba wa masu shigo da kaya zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don yadda za su kai kayansu can. Ƙarfin ruwa mai zurfi na Sines da matsayin cibiyar MSC sun sa ya zama madadin kiran kai tsaye ga masu shigo da kaya masu yawa. Bin ƙa'idodin kwastam, wanda ya haɗa da shigar da ICS2 ENS, daidaita rarrabuwar lambar HS, da rajistar EORI, har yanzu shine babban abin da ke haifar da jinkiri da ƙarin farashi. Mai jigilar kaya mai ƙwarewa koyaushe yana yin mafi kyau fiye da sarrafa kayan aiki a waɗannan yankuna.

Kamfanin Topway Shipping ya shafe shekaru 15 yana gudanar da harkokin sufuri na kan iyakoki kuma yana ba da cikakken tsarin sabis daga masana'antar China zuwa rumbun adana kayayyaki na Portugal. Wannan yana nufin za su iya taimaka wa 'yan kasuwa a kowane mataki na tafiyarsu ta shigo da kayayyaki daga China zuwa Portugal, ko suna aika jigilar kayayyaki ta LCL ta farko don gwada kasuwa ko inganta tsarin shigo da kayayyaki na FCL. A cikin hanyar da kayan yau da kullun suke da ƙarfi, ƙananan abubuwa kamar lokacin farashi, zaɓin tashar jiragen ruwa, takaddun bayanai masu inganci, da kuma daidaitawa daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe sune ke sa shigo da kayayyaki ya zama mai inganci da riba maimakon tsada da rashin daɗi.

FAQs

T: Tsawon wane lokaci ake ɗauka jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Portugal?

A: A yanzu haka, yana ɗaukar tsakanin kwanaki 28 zuwa 48 don jigilar kaya daga wannan tashar zuwa wani, ya danganta da tashar jiragen ruwa ta farawa da ta ƙare, hanyar, da kuma jirgin. Ana buƙatar kimanin kwanaki 31 don tashi daga Kudancin China (Yantian) zuwa Lisbon ta Algeciras. Yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 43 zuwa 48 don tashi daga Shanghai zuwa Leixões ta Rotterdam. A matsakaici, lokutan tafiya daga gida zuwa gida, gami da sarrafa kwastam da isar da kaya a cikin ƙasar, suna ɗaukar tsawon kwanaki 5 zuwa 7.

T: Menene farashin FCL na yanzu daga China zuwa Portugal?

A: Daga watan Afrilun 2026, zai kashe kimanin dala $1,700 don jigilar kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 20 daga Shenzhen Yantian zuwa Lisbon da kuma kimanin dala $1,900 zuwa $1,950 don jigilar ta daga Shanghai. Ya danganta da inda suka fito da kuma yadda ake jigilar su, kwantena masu tsawon ƙafa 40 da 40HQ suna tsakanin $2,900 zuwa $3,650. Farashi yana canzawa dangane da kasuwa, kuɗin yanayi, da kuɗin mai. Kullum a nemi farashi kai tsaye don samun mafi kyawun farashi.

Tambaya: Menene bambanci tsakanin jigilar FCL da LCL?

T: Wace tashar jiragen ruwa ta Portugal ya kamata in yi amfani da ita don jigilar kaya?

T: Wadanne harajin kwastam da haraji ne suka shafi kayayyakin da suka shigo Portugal daga China?

T: Ta yaya Topway Shipping zai iya taimakawa wajen jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Portugal?

A: Kamfanin Topway Shipping yana kula da dukkan kayan aiki, tun daga masana'antun China zuwa adiresoshin isar da kaya na Portugal. Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaukar kaya daga masana'antu, share kwastam don fitarwa, jigilar kaya ta hanyar jigilar kaya ta FCL da LCL zuwa Lisbon, Leixões, da Sines, share kwastam don shigo da kaya, adana kaya a ƙasashen waje, da kuma isar da su mil na ƙarshe. Shekaru 15 na ƙwarewarsu a fannin jigilar kaya a kan iyakokin ƙasa yana nufin cewa takardun za su yi daidai kuma sarrafa su zai yi sauri a ɓangarorin China da Turai na jigilar kaya.