Sashe na 301 + 232 + IEEPA: Yadda Ake Tattara Kudin Filayen Ku Kafin Ku Yi Rijistar Abokin Ciniki
Gabatarwa
Idan kana ambaton wani abokin ciniki akan manyan kaya da ke zuwa daga China zuwa Amurka ko Turai a shekarar 2026 kuma ba ka taɓa ƙididdige dukkan tarin kuɗin fito ba kafin ka aika da wannan adadin, to kana cikin duhu. Watanni 18 da suka gabata sun haifar da ɗaya daga cikin sake fasalin dokar cinikayya ta Amurka mafi tsauri a cikin ƙarni. Sashe na 301, Sashe na 232, da tsarin IEEPA da aka rushe wanda ya ɗan lalace kowannensu ya gabatar da nasa matakin farashi mai zaman kansa ga shigo da kaya daga asalin China - ba su maye gurbin juna ba. Suna tarawa, suna ƙarawa zuwa jigilar kaya iri ɗaya, lambar HTS iri ɗaya, kwantena iri ɗaya.
Ba a yi la'akari da wannan adadi ga masu shigo da kaya da masu siyan kayayyaki da ke aiki da manyan kayayyaki ba - kayan daki, kayan aiki, kayan motsa jiki, injunan masana'antu, kujerun tausa, da injinan motsa jiki. Saitin kujera da ya yi kama da ciniki a FOB Guangdong zai iya isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Amurka tare da nauyin haraji mai inganci na sama da kashi hamsin na ƙimar da aka ayyana, kuma mai samar da kayayyaki da ke ba da sharuɗɗan DDP mai rahusa na iya rage darajar jigilar kaya a kwastam; wannan yana sa mai siye ya ɗauki alhakin zamba da bai aikata ba. Ba wai kawai bin wannan tsarin tattara kaya matsala ce ta bin ƙa'ida ba. Wannan ƙwarewar rayuwa ce ta kasuwanci.
Hukumomin Haraji Uku da Abin da Kowannensu Yake Yi
Sashe na 301 na Dokar Ciniki ta 1974 ya ba da izinin Wakilin Ciniki na Amurka na karɓar harajin ramuwar gayya lokacin da aka ɗauki abokin hulɗar ciniki a matsayin wanda ke da hannu a cikin ayyukan cinikayya marasa adalci. A ƙarƙashin wannan ikon, an yi wa China niyya tun daga shekarar 2018, kuma an fitar da jerin kayayyaki guda huɗu da aka yi niyya tare da jimlar darajar shigo da kaya na ɗaruruwan biliyoyin daloli a kowace shekara. Yawancin kayayyakin da suka samo asali daga China za su fuskanci cajin Sashe na 301 na kashi 7.5 ko kashi 25 cikin ɗari nan da farkon 2026, ya danganta da jerin lambar HTS ɗinsu da ke kunne. Bayan bitar da USTR ta yi na shekaru huɗu a 2024, wasu muhimman rukunonin sun sami ƙaruwa mai yawa: kashi 100 cikin ɗari na motocin lantarki, kashi 50 cikin ɗari na ƙwayoyin hasken rana da kashi 25 cikin ɗari na batirin lithium.
An kafa sashi na 232 na Dokar Faɗaɗa Kasuwanci ta 1962 bisa wani tushe daban, wanda ya dogara ne akan tsaron ƙasa maimakon kasuwanci mara adalci. A shekarar 2025, Sashe na 232, wanda aka fara amfani da shi a shekarar 2018 don sanya harajin kashi 25 cikin ɗari akan shigo da ƙarfe da kuma harajin kashi 10 cikin ɗari akan shigo da aluminum, ya ƙaru sosai. Farashin ƙarfe ya ƙaru zuwa kashi 50 cikin ɗari, an cire duk wani keɓancewa na matakin ƙasa kuma an sanya lambobin samfuran da aka samo asali na 407 a cikin muradinsa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga manyan jigilar kaya saboda manyan kayan masarufi da yawa - kayan aiki, kayan motsa jiki, kayan daki masu siffar ƙarfe - suna ɗauke da isasshen ƙarfe ko aluminum wanda ƙa'idodin samfurin da aka samo asali za su iya kawo samfurin da aka gama a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 232 da kuma duk wani ƙimar Sashe na 301 da ya riga ya kasance.
Tushen tsarin jadawalin kuɗin fito na musayar kuɗi da aka bayyana a watan Afrilun 2025, wanda ya kafa tushen kashi 10 cikin 100 na shigo da kaya daga kusan kowace ƙasa da kuma ƙarin farashi ga wasu abokan ciniki, shine Dokar IEEPA – Dokar Gaggawa ta Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya. A ranar 20 ga Fabrairu, 2026, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci 6-3 na soke harajin IEEPA, tana mai cewa Dokar ba ta ba shugaban ƙasa damar amfani da harajin ba. Kotun ta soke wasu harajin da aka tara na dala biliyan 160. Amma gwamnatin ta amsa da hanyoyin maye gurbin a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 122 na Dokar Ciniki, wanda ke sanya harajin gaggawa na biyan kuɗi akan wasu kwararar kasuwanci da kusan kashi 10 cikin 100. Yanayin shari'a ya kasance mai sauƙi kuma masu shigo da kaya waɗanda suka biya kuɗin IEEPA tsakanin Afrilu 2025 da hukuncin Fabrairu 2026 na iya neman dawo da kuɗi daga CBP - amma wa'adin ƙa'idodi ya buƙaci ɗaukar mataki cikin gaggawa.
Yadda Stacking Ake Aiki A Gaskiya: Tsarin Ayyuka
Tarawa ita ce kalmar aiki a kowace lissafin farashin saukowa. CBP ba ta zaɓar hukumar haraji ɗaya ta yi amfani da ita ba, amma tana amfani da duk hukumomin da suka dace a lokaci guda, kowannensu ana ƙididdige shi da ƙimar kwastam na kayayyakin. Wasu kuɗaɗen an iyakance su, wasu kuma ba a iyakance su ba, don haka tsarin da kake yin lissafin yana ƙidaya.
Fara da ƙimar harajin MFN na asali, ƙimar da kuke gani a cikin HTSUS don lambar HTS ɗinku mai lambobi 10. Wannan na iya zama komai daga sifili akan na'urori daban-daban zuwa kashi 37.5 cikin ɗari akan wasu yadi. Idan kayanku na asalin China ne kuma suna kan kowane jerin aiki, ƙara Sashe na 301. Idan kayanku na ƙarfe ne, aluminum, ko jan ƙarfe, duba murfin samfurin da aka samo daga Sashe na 232. Sannan, idan lambar HTS ɗinku a halin yanzu tana ƙarƙashin Sashe na 122, haɗa da hakan. Sannan ƙididdige Kuɗin Sarrafa Kayayyaki, kashi 0.3464 na ƙimar kwastam, tare da mafi ƙarancin $31.67 da matsakaicin $634.62 akan kowane shigarwa. jigilar kaya ta teku, ƙara Kuɗin Kula da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa na .125 cikin ɗari. Idan kuna da takamaiman samfuri da masana'anta waɗanda umarnin hana zubar da shara da hana shara suka rufe, haraji sun taru a saman duk wannan.
Saboda haka, ainihin kuɗin haraji kan kayayyaki da suka samo asali daga China a shekarar 2026 ba shi da alaƙa da abin da kallon ginshiƙin MFN na HTSUS zai nuna. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna yadda wannan tarin kayayyaki ke aiki a cikin nau'ikan kayayyaki da aka saba gani a manyan kaya.
| Product Category | Misalin HTS | Tushen MFN | sashe 301 | sashe 232 | Kimanin Jimlar Albashi |
| Sofa mai rufi (China) | 9401.61 | 0% | Kashi 25% (Jeri na 3) | N / A | ~ 25% |
| Injin motsa jiki / kayan motsa jiki | 9506.91 | 3.7% | 7.5% (Jerin 4A) | N / A | ~ 11.2% |
| Akwatin littattafai mai firam na ƙarfe | 9403.20 | 0% | Kashi 25% (Jeri na 3) | 50% (232 da aka samo asali) | ~ 75% |
| Injin wanki (babba) | 8450.20 | 1% | Kashi 25% (Jeri na 3) | N / A | ~ 26% |
| Kujerar tausa | 9402.90 | 0% | 7.5% (Jerin 4A) | N / A | ~ 7.5% |
| Motocin lantarki | 8711.60 | 0% | Kashi 25% (Jeri na 3) | N / A | ~ 25% |
| Kayan daki na waje na aluminum | 9401.79 | 5.3% | Kashi 25% (Jeri na 3) | 25%+ (tsoffin ɗalibai 232) | ~55%+ |
| Na'urar kicin / murhu mai faɗi | 8414.60 | 1.4% | Kashi 25% (Jeri na 3) | N / A | ~ 26.4% |
Lura: An kiyasta farashin kuma don dalilai na misali bisa ga bayanai da jama'a za su iya samu tun daga watan Yunin 2026. Tabbatar da daidaiton rarrabuwar HTS da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi Babi na 99 tare da dillalin kwastam mai lasisi kafin a yi ambato. Jimilla ba ta haɗa da ƙarin kuɗi na Sashe na 122 da kuɗin MPF/HMF ba.
Girman Kaya Mai Girma: Dalilin da Ya Sa Manyan Abubuwa Ke Fuskantar Fuskantar Fuska Mai Girma
Kaya mai yawa, wanda ke nufin kayayyaki waɗanda suka wuce iyakokin kaya na yau da kullun, galibi sama da kilo 150 ko kuma waɗanda suka fi tsayi fiye da mita huɗu, yana haifar da haɗarin tara kuɗin fito saboda dalilan da suka wuce ƙididdigar farashi mai sauƙi. Na farko, manyan kayayyaki suna da yawa a cikin nau'ikan samfuran da aka fi mayar da hankali a kansu kamar yadda sashe na 301 ya nuna; Kayan daki, kayan gida, kayan motsa jiki da injunan masana'antu sun ƙunshi babban ɓangare na jigilar kayayyaki na ƙetare iyaka na China, kuma waɗannan sun faɗi a sarari cikin Jerin 3 da 4A. Na biyu, ƙimar kwastam tana da yawa a kowace jigilar kaya ga manyan kayayyaki koda kuwa iyakar kowane raka'a ta yi siriri, don haka ƙananan bambance-bambancen kashi a cikin ƙimar haraji mai inganci suna fassara zuwa babban adadin dala.
Na uku, ainihin sarrafa manyan kaya yana da wahala, wanda hakan ke sa ya fi yuwuwar samun kurakuran rarrabuwa. Sofa da ke zuwa a cikin akwati biyar za a iya rarraba ta daban da sofa da aka riga aka gina. Ana iya jigilar injin injin motsa jiki da firam ɗin injin motsa jiki don a rage farashi, wanda hakan na iya faɗuwa ƙarƙashin lambobin HTS daban-daban tare da bambance-bambancen Sashe na 301. Kowane kayan da aka rarraba ba daidai ba yana nufin cewa kimanta farashin sauka ya ragu da wani abu, kuma idan yana cikin yardar mai siyarwa to mai siye zai biya bambancin a tashar jiragen ruwa.
Na huɗu, manyan kaya bisa ga ma'anarsu suna buƙatar ayyukan jigilar kaya na mil na ƙarshe fiye da jigilar ƙananan kaya na yau da kullun: tsara alƙawari, sabis na lifgate, wurin daki na zaɓi, tattarawa da tsaftace tarkace. Waɗannan kuɗaɗen na gaske ne kuma na gaske kuma ya kamata su kasance cikin adadin kuɗin da aka biya kafin a aika wa abokin ciniki kowane farashi.
Gina Kudin Shiga Na Gaske: Tsarin Mataki-mataki
Manufar ita ce lamba ɗaya da ke nuna ainihin kuɗin da ake kashewa wajen ɗaukar kayan daga masana'anta zuwa hannun abokin ciniki, gami da duk kuɗaɗen da ake kashewa, haraji da kuma kuɗin gudanarwa da za a biya a kan hanya. Ku duba waɗannan abubuwan a jere.
Mataki na 1: Kafa Daidaitaccen Rarraba HTS
Duk tarin kuɗin fito ya dogara ne akan samun wannan daidai. Kada ku dogara da lambobin HTS da masu samar da kayayyaki ke bayarwa ba tare da tabbatarwa mai zaman kansa ba. Masu samar da kayayyaki suna da kwarin gwiwar rage farashin kuma rashin rarrabawa yana haifar da alhakin CBP ga mai shigo da kaya. Yi amfani da bayanan USITC HTSUS. Duba tare da jerin samfuran Sashe na 301 da aka buga wanda za'a iya samu daga USTR. Tabbatar da rufewar Sashe na 232 ta hanyar sanarwar Rijistar Tarayya da ta dace. Tabbatar da doka don abubuwa masu rikitarwa ta hanyar buƙatar hukunci mai ɗaurewa daga CBP.
Mataki na 2: Lissafa Cikakken Tarin Aiki
A shafa kowace layin kuɗin fito a jere ga ƙimar ciniki (yawanci farashin da kuka biya don abubuwan, a cikin USD, gami da kayan taimako, idan ya dace). Sashe na 301. Ƙara ƙimar kuɗin fito na asali na MFN. Duba Sashe na 232 na ɗaukar samfurin da aka samo asali kuma ku haɗa idan ya dace. Ƙara idan ya dace. Duba yadda Sashe na 122 ke aiki a yanzu. Ƙara duk ƙimar da ta dace kuma a shafa ga ƙimar ciniki. A yi amfani da MPF daban-daban a kashi 0.3464, a duba ƙasa, a duba da hula. Idan jigilar kaya tana tafiya ta teku, a yi amfani da HMF.
Mataki na 3: Ƙara Duk Kuɗin Kaya da Kayan Aiki
Wannan ya fi muhimmanci ga manyan kaya fiye da na jigilar kaya na yau da kullun. Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna tsarin farashi mai ma'ana ga manyan kaya daga China zuwa Amurka da kuma tasirin da cajin kaya da ke da alaƙa da su zai iya yi kan farashin saukar jiragen sama na ƙarshe.
| Bangaren Kuɗi | Hankula Range | Notes |
| Farashin ƙofar masana'anta (FOB China) | Ya bambanta da samfur | Tushen lissafin aiki |
| Kula da asali da kuma ma'aunin ruwa | $80 - $350 kowane yanki | Mafi kyau ga abubuwa masu rauni ko manyan |
| Jirgin ruwa (LCL/FCL) | $150 - $600 a kowane CBM | Saurin canzawa; kullewa da wuri |
| Gudanar da tashar jiragen ruwa ta inda za a je | $200 – $500 a kowace kaya | THC, PCS, ISF |
| Dillalan kwastam | $150 - $350 kowace shigarwa | Ƙari don jigilar kayayyaki masu rikitarwa da yawa-HTS |
| Harajin kwastam (an tara) | Duba teburin ƙimar da ke sama | An ƙididdige akan ƙimar ma'amala |
| mpf | 0.3464%, an rufe shi akan $634.62 | Kowace shigarwa, ba kowace yanki ba |
| HMF (teku kawai) | 0.125% na ƙimar aiki | Ana amfani da shi ga jigilar kaya a teku |
| Drayage (tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa ma'ajiyar kaya) | $300 - $800 kowace kaya | Nisa da kayan aiki sun dogara da |
| Isarwa mai girman mil na ƙarshe | $150 - $500 kowane yanki | Alƙawari + ƙofar ɗagawa + wurin zama |
| Tarawa da cire tarkace | $75 - $200 kowane yanki | Fatan da abokin ciniki ke fuskanta |
Mataki na 4: Aiwatar da Inshora kuma Ƙara Abin da Zai Faru
Inshorar kaya Kudin manyan kayayyaki yawanci kashi 0.3 zuwa 0.8 ne na ƙimar kaya da aka ayyana. Ganin wahalar sarrafa kayayyaki kamar kujerun tausa, na'urorin motsa jiki da manyan kayan aiki, saman wannan kewayon ya dace. Haka kuma, haɗa da ma'aunin kariya na gaggawa na kashi 3 zuwa 5 cikin ɗari a cikin kowane ƙiyasin farashi don rufe bambancin farashin farashi, canjin kuɗi, kuɗin kayan haɗi da ke tasowa yayin isarwa da kuma kuɗin sake isarwa idan wanda aka tura ya rasa lokacin alƙawarinsa.
Kashe De Minimis da kuma Ma'anarsa ga Tsarin Samar da Kayayyakinku
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan canje-canje a cikin yanayin ciniki tsakanin 2025 zuwa 2026 shine cire tsarin de minimis ga kayayyakin China da Hong Kong. Tun daga watan Mayu na 2025, jigilar kaya da darajarsu ta kai dala $800 ko ƙasa da haka na iya shiga Amurka ba tare da haraji ba a ƙarƙashin sashin de minimis. Da farko an share wannan tanadin ga China da Hong Kong, sannan aka janye shi gabaɗaya daga 24 ga Fabrairu, 2026 don haka yanzu duk jigilar kaya suna ƙarƙashin shiga hukuma ba tare da la'akari da ƙimarsu ba.
Manyan jiragen ruwa ba su da tasiri sosai kamar ƙananan jiragen da ke jigilar kaya kai tsaye zuwa ga masu amfani, tunda manyan kayayyaki ba kasafai suke cancantar de minimis ba tun farko. Amma canjin yana haifar da tasirin gaske ta hanyar tsarin jigilar kayayyaki: dillalan kwastam suna sarrafa yawan shigarwa da yawa, lokutan sharewa suna raguwa kuma ayyukan ajiya suna cikin damuwa. Ba da ɗan ƙarin lokaci don sharewa kuma tabbatar da cewa dillalin kwastam ɗinku yana da isasshen ma'aikata kuma yana da ƙarfin tsarin da ya dace.
Tarkon DDP: Dalilin da yasa ƙarancin farashin masu samar da kayayyaki zai iya zama zamba ta kwastam
A cikin wani yanayi inda ƙimar harajin da aka biya akan kayayyakin da aka samo daga ƙasar Sin ta fi kashi 50 cikin ɗari, wasu masu samar da kayayyaki sun amsa buƙatun abokan ciniki na tabbatar da farashin ƙasa ta hanyar bayar da sharuɗɗan DDP akan farashin da suka yi watsi da lissafin. Gabaɗaya hanyar ita ce ƙarancin ƙimar kwastam, inda mai samar da kayayyaki ya ba da rahoton ƙimar kwastam ga CBP ƙasa da farashin ciniki na gaske, wanda ke rage tushen haraji. "Wannan zamba ne. Mai shigo da kaya, ba mai samar da kaya ba, an fallasa shi bisa doka."
Tun daga shekarar 2023, CBP ta ƙara yawan binciken da take yi kan jigilar manyan kayayyaki daga China kuma ta gano waɗanda ba su da ƙima ta hanyar bayanan ƙimar ciniki, kwatantawa da farashin kasuwa, da kuma nazarin ma'amaloli masu alaƙa da juna. Kujerar tausa ta $2,000 daga wata majiya ta China za ta sami harajin DDP na $150 duk da cewa ƙimar harajin da ya dace ya kamata ta zama $600. Wannan rashin daidaito shine yaudara. Ga keta hakki, hukunce-hukuncen da ke ƙarƙashin 19 USC 1592 na iya ninka harajin da ba a biya ba sau huɗu, kuma ga laifukan zamba, suna iya zama mafi girma.
Hanya madaidaiciya ita ce amfani da sharuɗɗan CIF ko CPT, tabbatar da cikakken lissafin kasuwanci wanda ke wakiltar ainihin ƙimar ciniki, kuma sanya dillalin kwastam mai lasisi ya shigar da shigarwar a kan adadi mai kyau. Ayyukan sune abin da suke. Ɓoye su yana haifar da alhaki wanda ke sa rage farashi na asali ba shi da ma'ana.
Yadda Jirgin Sama na Topway ke Taimaka muku Duba Tarin Kuɗi
Kamfanin Topway Shipping ƙwararre ne wajen samar da mafita ga harkokin sufuri ta intanet a Shenzhen, China tun daga shekarar 2010. Ƙungiyar da ta kafa kamfanin tana da fiye da shekaru 15 na gogewa a fannin jigilar kayayyaki da kwastam na ƙasashen duniya, musamman China zuwa Amurka da China zuwa Turai don jigilar kayayyaki masu yawa da manyan kayayyaki.
Topway yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki waɗanda suka gina dukkan kayayyakin aikinsu bisa ga abin da suke kira babban ɓangaren kayayyaki: kayayyaki guda ɗaya waɗanda za su iya nauyin har zuwa tan 8, tare da mafi tsayin gefen har zuwa mita 8 da tsayi ƙasa da mita 2.57. Wannan ya haɗa da nau'ikan samfuran da suka fi shafar tarin kuɗin fito da aka bincika a cikin wannan labarin - sofas, na'urorin motsa jiki, kujerun tausa, injinan wanki, firiji, motocin lantarki, kayan kicin na kasuwanci, teburan mahjong da injinan masana'antu - inda kuskuren ƙididdige farashin sauka yana da tasirin kasuwanci nan take.
Muna bayar da cikakken sabis a duk faɗin sarkar jigilar kayayyaki. Topway tana da rumbunan adana kayayyaki masu haɗaka a Shenzhen waɗanda aka yi rikodin su don manyan akwatunan kaya da loda kaya. Tana ba da ayyukan jigilar kaya kai tsaye a kan hanyoyin aminci zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Amurka da Turai, da China-Turai sufurin jirgin kasa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta jirgin ƙasa ta China-Turai Express, tare da lokutan jigilar kaya na kwanaki 30 zuwa 45 da jadawalin tashi a kowace rana ko mako-mako. Ana amfani da jigilar jiragen sama don samfuran yanayi masu daraja inda tsawon lokacin jigilar kaya na kwanaki 12 zuwa 15 ya sa ƙarin farashi ya zama mai araha. Kamfanin kuma yana ba da yarjejeniyoyi na FCL da LCL da za a iya keɓancewa ga manyan da ƙananan masu jigilar kaya, wanda ke ba da damar samun damar masu siyarwa a kan iyakokin ƙasashen waje a fadin kewayon girma.
Ma'ajiyar kaya ta ƙasashen waje tana ba da jigilar B2B da B2C ta mil na ƙarshe tare da cikakken jadawalin alƙawari, sabis na lifgate da wurin da aka zaɓa, tare da wurare a Amurka da Turai. Tare da ikon share kwastan na kamfanin a cikin ƙasashe 25 na EU, ana sarrafa jigilar DDP zuwa Turai tare da ƙididdigar haraji daidai da kuma bayyana ƙimar kwastam daidai. Topway tana aiki tare da dillalan kwastam masu lasisi don jigilar kaya zuwa Amurka don samar da rarrabuwar HTS, lissafin rufe Sashe na 301 da Sashe na 232 da kuma shigar da shigarwa bisa ga ka'ida.
A cikin yanayi mai tsadar kuɗin fito, ganuwa ita ce abin da ke da muhimmanci a matsayin tayin daraja. Tsarin jigilar kayayyaki na Topway yana tabbatar da bin diddigin kayayyaki daga ƙofar masana'anta zuwa sa hannun abokin ciniki na ƙarshe, wanda ya haɗa da ɗaukar kaya, haɗa kaya, ɗaukar kwantenoni, tashi daga tashar jiragen ruwa, isowa, share kwastam, adana kaya a ƙasashen waje da isar da mil na ƙarshe. Wannan fahimtar tana ba masu siyarwa kwarin gwiwa don yin ƙiyasin farashin jigilar kaya ba kawai ba, har ma da cikakken jadawalin da kuma cikakken farashin saukar jiragen.
Don neman ƙarin bayani game da farashi ko kuma shawarwari kan farashin da za ku biya, tuntuɓi Topway Shipping a www.topwayshipping.com.
Hanyoyi Masu Halatta Don Rage Tarin Kuɗin Kuɗin Kuɗi
Babban abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne rarrabawa ta hanyar ƙasar da aka fito. Sashe na 301 ya shafi kayayyakin da aka yi a China ne kawai. Matsar da masana'anta zuwa Vietnam, Indiya, Thailand ko Mexico zai kawar da ƙarin kuɗin Sashe na 301 gaba ɗaya idan da gaske an yi samfurin a can. CBP tana sa ido sosai kan jigilar kayayyaki. Jigilar kayayyakin da aka yi a China ta hanyar ƙasa ta uku ba tare da babban canji ba ba ya canza asali ko rage farashin kaya. Dole ne canjin masana'antu ya zama na gaske.
Lever na biyu shine daidaitaccen rarrabuwar HTS. Farashin kuɗin fito na iya bambanta sosai daga lambar HTS ɗaya zuwa wani, har ma da ƙananan canje-canje masu ma'ana ga samfuri - canza abu, ƙara wani sashi, canza jerin haɗuwa - na iya motsa samfurin zuwa rarrabuwa tare da ƙarancin fallasa Sashe na 301. Wannan ba gudu ba ne, ƙirar samfuri ne. Amma a bisa doka da ɗa'a yana da mahimmanci. Dole ne samfurin ya cancanci sabon rarrabuwa.
Na uku, duba keɓantattun Sashe na 301 da ke aiki kuma ka ga ko akwai waɗanda suka shafi lambar HTS ta musamman. Waɗannan keɓantattun suna da takamaiman samfura, masu ƙuntatawa kuma suna da iyakataccen lokaci duk da cewa ƙaramin adadi har yanzu yana aiki. USTR tana da tsari don buƙatun keɓancewar samfuran da ba a samu daga tushe na cikin gida ko waɗanda ba na China ba. Na huɗu, ga abubuwan da suka haɗa da ƙarfe da aluminum, tabbatar ko rufewar Sashe na 232 na samfurin da aka samo asali ya shafi amfanin ku na ƙarshe. Takaddun samfuran da aka samo asali suna da wahala kuma akwai samfuran da ke da ƙarfe waɗanda ba a rufe su a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 232 ba.
A ƙarshe, idan kun biya kuɗin IEEPA daga watan Afrilun 2025 zuwa hukuncin Kotun Ƙoli na Fabrairun 2026, tuntuɓi dillalin kwastam mai lasisi a yau game da shigar da buƙatar mayar da kuɗi ta hanyar Gyaran Takaitaccen Bayani. Dokar iyakancewa tana gudana akan waɗannan shari'o'in kuma adadin da ke cikin haɗarin masu shigo da kaya masu yawa na iya zama mai yawa.
Kammalawa
Yanayin harajin Amurka a shekarar 2026 ba zai zama wani katsewa na ɗan lokaci ba wanda zai daidaita da zarar an kammala tattaunawar ciniki. An mayar da harajin sashe na 301 kan shigo da kayayyaki daga China cikin zaɓin sarkar samar da kayayyaki kuma da wuya a mayar da shi baya. An ƙara girman sashe na 232 kuma an ƙarfafa shi. Madadin haka, sashe na 122 yana aiki a matsayin madadin tsarin IEEPA da aka watsar. Ba wani kuskure ba ne da hukumomi daban-daban ke tarawa a kan abubuwa iri ɗaya. Wani muhimmin abu ne na yanayin ciniki da ake da shi.
Ga kowane mai siyarwa, mai siyan kayayyaki, dillalin kwastam ko mai gudanar da kasuwancin e-commerce da ke hulɗa da manyan jigilar kaya na ƙetare iyaka, matakin da ya dace kawai shine a tantance jimlar kuɗin saukowa kafin a faɗi kowane farashi. Wannan yana buƙatar fahimtar ainihin lambar HTS, gano kowane matakin kuɗin fito da ya dace, la'akari da ainihin farashin jigilar kaya da farashin ƙarshe na nau'in samfurin da kuma gina isassun ma'ajiyar bayanai don canjin ƙa'idoji.
Wadanda suka yi nasara a wannan mahallin su ne waɗanda suka sanya daidaiton farashin ƙasa ya zama babban ƙarfin aiki, ba tunani na baya ba. Fa'idar gasa, kuma wacce ke ƙara zama abin buƙata don cin nasarar kasuwanci tsakanin iyakoki, ita ce haɗin gwiwa da mai samar da kayayyaki wanda ya san hanyoyin jigilar kaya da kuma tarin haraji ga manyan kayayyaki.
FAQs
T: Shin Sashe na 301, Sashe na 232, da Sashe na 122 duk za su iya aiki a kan jigilar kaya iri ɗaya a lokaci guda?
A: Eh. Waɗannan hukumomin kuɗin fito suna da ikon cin gashin kansu kuma suna da tarin kuɗi. Kayan daki da aka yi da ƙarfe daga China za a iya biyan harajin MFN, rufin Sashe na 301, ƙarin kuɗin samfur na Sashe na 232 da ƙarin kuɗin Sashe na 122, duk a lokaci guda. Ana ƙididdige su daban-daban akan ƙimar kwastam kuma an taƙaita su.
T: Shin hukuncin Kotun Koli ya kawar da duk wani ƙarin haraji kan kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su daga China?
A: A'a. Wannan hukuncin da aka yanke a watan Fabrairun 2026 ya bayyana cewa ya soke harajin bisa ga IEEPA. Harajin Sashe na 301 har yanzu yana aiki sosai. Harajin ƙarfe da aluminum a ƙarƙashin Sashe na 232 har yanzu suna aiki. Gwamnati ta ƙirƙiri Sashe na 122 a matsayin wani tsari daban don wasu ayyukan harajin juna. Ya kamata masu shigo da kaya su tuntuɓi shawarar CBP da dillalin da aka yi wa rijista don tantance yadda ake amfani da takamaiman lambobin HTS.
T: Ta yaya zan iya magance mai samar da kayayyaki da ke bayar da farashin DDP wanda ya yi ƙasa sosai idan aka yi la'akari da farashin kuɗin fito na yanzu?
A: Nemi cikakkun takardu na lissafin harajin, gami da lambar HTS da aka yi amfani da ita, ƙimar kwastam da aka bayyana da lambar shigarwa idan an riga an shigo da kayan. Idan lissafin bai yi aiki a ƙimar harajin doka ba, mai samar da kaya wataƙila yana rage darajar kunshin a kwastam. Bai kamata a sanya babban abokin ciniki (ku) cikin haɗarin ɗaukar alhakin kuskuren da wani ya yi wa CBP ba.
T: Akwai hanyar da za a iya kimanta farashin filaye ba tare da ɗaukar dillalin kwastam ba?
A: Wasu daga cikin masu lissafin kuɗin fito na kan layi yanzu sun haɗa da Sashe na 301, Sashe na 232, da kuma ƙarin kuɗin da ake kashewa a yanzu don wasu lambobin HTS. Amma waɗannan kayan aikin sun kiyasta cewa ba sa yanke hukunci na doka. "Kafin a motsa duk wani kaya mai ƙimar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci, ya kamata ƙwararren dillalin kwastam ya tabbatar da rarrabuwa da rufewa.
T: Waɗanne nau'ikan manyan kayayyaki ne Topway Shipping ke sarrafawa?
A: Topway tana da hannu a cikin kayayyaki har zuwa tan 8 na metric a kowane yanki da kuma har zuwa mita 8 a gefen mafi tsayi, ciki har da sofas, kujerun tausa, na'urorin motsa jiki, firiji, injinan wanki, injinan wanke-wanke, motocin lantarki, tebura na mahjong, injinan masana'antu, kayan hasken titi, firintocin kasuwanci da kayan aiki iri-iri na gida da na kasuwanci. Tana tallafawa isar da kayayyaki na B2B da B2C a cikin Amurka da ƙasashe 25 na EU.
