Dalilin da Ya Sa Masu Shigo Da Kayayyaki Ke Rage Yawan Jiragen Ruwa Daga China Zuwa Austria
Gabatarwa
Ana ci gaba da samun sauyi a cikin hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin China da Turai ta Tsakiya. Masu shigo da kaya da yawa, musamman waɗanda ke jigilar kaya zuwa Austria, suna sake tantance dogaro da su ga jigilar kaya a teku da kuma canzawa zuwa hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta China-Turai. Wannan ba wani gwaji ne na cikas ba. Wani mataki ne mai tunani da gangan, wanda aka tallafa masa da bayanan kasuwa, saka hannun jari a fannin kayayyakin more rayuwa, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru a 'yan shekarun nan.
Matsalar Tekun Bahar Maliya wadda ta fara a ƙarshen shekarar 2023 kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 2025, ta sa jiragen ruwa suka ɗauki dogon hanyar Cape of Good Hope, wadda ta ƙara tsawon lokacin jigilar kaya daga China zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Turai da fiye da kwanaki 45. Sannan cunkoson jiragen ruwa ne, jiragen ruwa marasa komai da kuma ƙaruwar ƙarin kuɗi. Ga waɗanda suka ji daɗin jigilar kaya a teku, wannan ba matsala ba ce. Amma an fallasa sarƙoƙin samar da kayayyaki. A cikin wannan mahallin ne, Jirgin Ƙasa na China-Turai Express, wanda aka fi sani da CR Express ko Sabuwar Hanyar Siliki, ya fara aiki ba a matsayin zaɓi na biyu mafi kyau ba, amma a matsayin madadin da zai yiwu kuma mai araha.
China-EU sufurin jirgin kasa Jimillar jimillar TEUs sun dawo sosai a shekarar 2024. A bara, an sarrafa jimillar TEUs 380,434, wanda ya karu da kashi 80.2% daga shekarar 2023. Jimillar TEUs da ke tafiya yamma (China zuwa Turai) sun tashi da kashi 130.8% zuwa TEUs 330,704. Austria tana cikin matsayi mai kyau a cikin wannan hanyar da ke bunƙasa, tare da hanyoyin shiga Tashar Kudu ta Vienna da hanyoyin layin dogo da tituna na cikin gida daga manyan hanyoyin Turai da ke yi wa ƙasar hidima nan take. Wannan rubutun ya ƙunshi dalilin da ya sa masu shigo da kaya ke yin hakan, da kuma ko jirgin ƙasa yana da kyau ga kayanku.
Yanayin Kaya a Teku: Dalilin da Ya Sa Masu Shigo da Kaya Ke Fuskantar Damuwa
Ga harkokin kasuwanci tsakanin China da Austria, jigilar kaya ta teku a al'adance ita ce madadin da aka saba da shi. Tattalin arzikin a bayyane yake. Manyan jiragen ruwa na kwantena suna samar da babban aiki a farashi mai rahusa ga kowace naúrar, kuma ga kayan da ba na gaggawa ba, alkaluman kusan koyaushe suna fifita teku. Amma "kusan koyaushe" yana yin aiki mai yawa a cikin wannan jumla.
Shekaru biyu da suka gabata sun kasance darasi kan raunin jigilar kaya a cikin teku. Tashe-tashen hankula a mashigin ruwa na Suez ya sa jiragen ruwa suka karkata zuwa Afirka, inda suka ƙara kwanaki 10 zuwa 14 don tafiya tsakanin Asiya da Turai. Farashin kaya ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, ba zato ba tsammani, kuma masu shigo da kaya sun fuskanci ƙarin dala $1,500 a kowace kuɗin TEU akan hanyoyin zuwa EU. Yiwuwar rufewar Hormuz ya ci gaba da kasancewa kan jigilar kaya a cikin teku har zuwa farkon 2026, tare da farashin kasuwa har yanzu yana cikin rashin tabbas.
Austria ta ƙara ta'azzara waɗannan matsalolin. A matsayinta na ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, kayayyakin da ke shigowa ta ruwa dole ne su fara isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Turai (misali Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Koper ko Trieste) sannan a kai su cikin ƙasa ta hanyar babbar mota ko layin dogo. Wannan yana nufin ƙarin kwanaki 2 zuwa 5 da kuma wani matakin daidaitawa wanda zai iya gazawa. Jinkirin tashar jiragen ruwa a Hamburg yana haifar da jinkirin jigilar kaya a cikin ƙasa, rashin wurin ajiyar kaya da kuma yiwuwar fitar da kaya. Yawanci, lokacin tafiya daga ƙofa zuwa ƙofa don jigilar kaya daga China zuwa Austria yawanci kwanaki 35-45 ne kuma fiye da haka idan akwai matsala.
Ga masu shigo da kaya daga ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke da yawan shigo da kaya, ko ƙaddamar da kayayyaki na lokaci-lokaci ko kuma shigar da kayayyaki cikin lokaci, wannan nau'in rashin tabbas ba wai kawai abin damuwa ba ne - yana da tsada. Kuɗaɗen riƙe kaya yawanci suna tsakanin kashi 20% zuwa 35% na ƙimar kaya a kowace shekara. Don haka kowane mako jigilar kaya tana zuwa, kuɗi yana fitowa daga tushe.
Madadin Jirgin Kasa: Yadda Jirgin Kasa na Jirgin Kasa na China-Turai ke Aiki
Jirgin ƙasa na China-Turai (CR Express) ya yi nisa tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a shekarar 2013. Asalinsa aikin samar da ababen more rayuwa ne da aka yi shi bisa siyasa, tare da jiragen ƙasa masu tallafi sosai, kuma wani lokacin ba su da komai, yanzu ya zama hanyar jigilar kayayyaki mai amfani da kuɗi. Nan da shekarar 2024, tafiye-tafiye na shekara-shekara sun ƙaru zuwa 19,000, wanda ya karu da sau 10.4 daga tafiye-tafiye 1,702 a shekarar 2016, tare da kusan kashi 100% na jimlar kwantena da aka ɗora.
Hanyar sadarwar ta haɗa manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da suka haɗa manyan cibiyoyin masana'antu na ƙasar Sin kamar Xi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhengzhou, Yiwu da sauransu tare da wuraren da za a ziyarta a Turai. Hanyar Arewa tana tafiya ta Kazakhstan, Rasha da Belarus zuwa Tarayyar Turai, galibi ta hanyar kan iyakar Malaszewicze da ke Poland. Hanyar Tsakiya, ko Hanyar Sufuri ta Duniya ta Trans-Caspian (TITR), hanya ce mai tsayi amma mafi aminci a fannin siyasa wadda ta tashi daga Kazakhstan, ta ratsa Tekun Caspian, ta Azerbaijan da Georgia da kuma zuwa Turkiyya da Tsakiyar Turai. Tashar Kudu ta Vienna babbar tasha ce ta karɓar jigilar kayayyaki zuwa Austria, inda OBB Rail Cargo Group, kamfanin jigilar kayayyaki na biyu mafi girma a Turai, ke sa ran yawan zai karu sosai a shekarar 2024 da 2025.
Zaɓuɓɓukan hanyoyin hanya da lokutan wucewa
Lokacin jigilar kaya ya dogara sosai da birnin da za a tashi a China, hanyar da aka zaɓa da kuma saurin izinin kwastam. Wannan kwatancen hoto ne na 2025-2026.
| road | Corridor | Lokacin Sauyawa (Terminal-to-Terminal) | Notes |
| Xi'an → Vienna | Arewa (ta Rasha) | 14-18 kwanaki | Mafi yawan kafuwa; wasu haɗarin siyasa |
| Chongqing → Vienna | Arewa (ta Rasha) | 16-20 kwanaki | Tafiye-tafiye masu yawan mitoci |
| Yiwu → Vienna | Northern | 18-22 kwanaki | Shahararrun kayan masarufi |
| Xi'an → Vienna | Tsakiya (ta Caspian) | 20-26 kwanaki | Ya guji Rasha; ƙaruwar ƙarfin aiki |
| Shanghai / Shenzhen → Vienna (ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa + teku) | Teku + Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Cikin Gida | 30-45 kwanaki | Hanyar gargajiya; mafi arha a kowace kg |
Isarwa daga gida zuwa ƙofa zuwa biranen Austria kamar Vienna, Graz ko Linz sau da yawa yana ƙara kwanaki 2 zuwa 4 ga jinkirin tashi daga tashar zuwa tashar. Ga yawancin nau'ikan samfura, jirgin ƙasa yana kawo kayayyaki zuwa rumbunan ajiya na Austria cikin kwanaki 16 zuwa 25 - kusan rabin lokacin jigilar kaya daga teku.
Kwatanta Kuɗi: Rarraba alkaluman
Farashin jigilar kaya daga jirgin ƙasa zuwa na ruwa ya fi rikitarwa fiye da kwatanta farashi kawai. Ta hanyar kwantena, jirgin ƙasa ya fi tsada - wani lokacin sau biyu ko uku na farashin tikitin jigilar kaya daga teku. Amma idan aka yi la'akari da jimlar farashin saukar jiragen sama, gibin yana rufewa sosai.
| Yanayin jigilar kaya | Lokacin wucewa (Kofa-zuwa-ƙofa) | Matsakaicin FCL na ƙafa 40 (China-Austria) | Babban darajar LCL | aMINCI |
| Kayayyakin Teku (FCL) | 35-45 kwanaki | $ 2,835- $ 3,465 | $85/cbm | Matsakaici (matsaloli na yau da kullun) |
| Katin Rail (FCL) | 18-28 kwanaki | $ 6,048- $ 7,392 | $210-$280/cbm | Babban (kashi 90%+ akan lokaci) |
| Jirgin Kaya | 5-10 kwanaki | $3.8–$5/kg (~$30k+ ga kowace FCL) | N / A | Very High |
Tushe: Sino-Shipping (Maris 2026), Goodhope Freight (2025), bayanan kasuwa da ƙungiyar bincike ta Topway Shipping ta tattara. Farashin yana da ma'ana kuma yana iya fuskantar canjin yanayi.
Amma kamar yadda kuka haɗa a cikin kuɗin riƙe kaya, yanayin yana canzawa. Don jigilar kaya na $200,000, ƙarin kwanaki 20 na lokacin teku yana da ƙimar kusan $2,700 zuwa $3,800 (idan aka yi la'akari da kashi 25% na riƙon ruwa na shekara-shekara). Ƙara ƙimar don haɗarin isar da kaya a makare: rashin talla, ajiyar kaya, dawo da iska cikin gaggawa - kuma jimlar farashin saukar jiragen ruwa akai-akai ya wuce ƙimar da aka ambata da babban gefe.
Jirgin ƙasa har yanzu yana da fa'ida ta farashi fiye da jirgin sama wanda yake da matuƙar muhimmanci. Idan zai iya ɗaukar kwanaki 40, jirgin ƙasa madadin halitta ne ga duk wani abu da ba zai iya jira ba kuma ba ya buƙatar biyan $5-a kowace kilogiram na jirgin sama - a kusan kashi 60-70% ya fi rahusa fiye da jigilar jiragen sama akan kowace naúrar. Shi ya sa kayan lantarki, tufafi, kayan mota da kayan masarufi masu tsada suka yi tururuwa zuwa hanyar jirgin ƙasa.
Wane Kaya Ne Ya Fi Dacewa Da Jirgin Kasa?
Wasu jigilar kaya ba su dace da jirgin ƙasa ba. Abin da ya fi dacewa da wannan hanyar shi ne kayayyakin da ke da saurin ɗaukar kaya a teku amma ba su da gaggawa ko kuma suna da tsada sosai a kowace kilo ɗaya don tabbatar da iska. A zahiri, wannan ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban da ke ƙaruwa.
Kayan lantarki da kayan aiki - allunan da'ira, allo, wayoyin komai da ruwanka, fasahar masu amfani - sun kasance daga cikin waɗanda suka fara amfani da layin dogo, saboda rabon darajarsu da nauyi yana sa jigilar jiragen sama ta yi tsada sosai, amma tsawon lokacin da za su ɗauka da kuma zagayowar buƙata suna sa jigilar jiragen ruwa na kwanaki 40 su zama haɗari. Injina da kayan aikin lantarki (lambobin HS 84 da 85) su ne rukuni mafi girma a zirga-zirgar jiragen ƙasa zuwa yamma a shekarar 2024 da kashi 30 cikin ɗari.
Yawan sassan motocin da sassan motocin sun fashe a shekarar 2024, inda suka karu da kashi 192% zuwa TEU 31,304. Kayayyakin da aka haɗa da kayan daki, kayan gado da kayan haske sun karu da kashi 182.7% a kan hanya ɗaya, suna da nauyi, kuma suna da daraja sosai. Tufafi suna cikin rukunan da suka fi saurin tasowa a layin dogo na China da Turai, inda suka karu da kashi 268.4% a shekarar 2024. Tufafi da yadi suna buƙatar shiga tagogi na yanayi.
| Kaya Category | Ci gaban Layin Dogo na YoY na 2024 (China→EU) | Me yasa Layin Dogo ke Aiki |
| Injina & Kayan Aikin Lantarki | ~130% (mafi rinjaye a 30% na girma) | Babban ƙima, mai sauƙin amsawa ga jinkiri |
| Motoci & Sassan Motoci | +192% zuwa 31,304 TEUs | Bukatun masana'antar JIT |
| Tufafi, Yadi & Takalma | + 268.4% | Tagogi na yanayi, matsakaicin daraja |
| Kayan Daki, Gado & Haske | + 182.7% | Mai ƙarfi; ya fi tsada fiye da farashin iska sosai |
| Pharmaceuticals & Na'urorin Likita | Noma (akwai kekunan da ake sarrafa su a yanayin zafi) | Bukatun bin ƙa'idodi + saurin |
Kayan da aka samar, manyan kayayyakin masana'antu da kuma kayayyakin da ba na yanayi ba inda farashin jigilar kaya yake da arha kuma ba matsala ba ce ta lokaci zuwa kasuwa, har yanzu sun fi dacewa da jigilar kaya a teku. Fa'idar jigilar kaya a teku ta yi yawa da ba za a iya shawo kanta ba.
Siyasar Kasa da Kayayyakin more rayuwa: Dalilin da yasa Dogaro da Layin Dogo ke Ingantawa
Fara yakin Rasha da Ukraine a shekarar 2022 ya kawo haɗarin siyasa ta hanyar dogaro da yankin Rasha da Belarus, ɗaya daga cikin sukar da aka yi wa jirgin China da Turai a tarihi. Wannan tsoro ne mai inganci kuma ya haifar da raguwar girma a cikin 2022 da 2023. Amma kasuwa ta mayar da martani mai kyau: saurin ci gaban Tsakiyar Hanya.
Duk ƙasashen da ke jigilar kaya sun zuba jari sosai a hanyar Trans-Caspian, wadda ke ratsa Kazakhstan, Tekun Caspian, Azerbaijan, Georgia da Turkiyya. Turkiyya, Azerbaijan da Uzbekistan sun zuba jari a fannin inganta ababen more rayuwa. OBB Rail Cargo Group, wacce ke da hanyar sadarwa kai tsaye ta China tun daga 2008, ta sake mai da hankali kan hanyar Tsakiya bayan matsaloli da suka shafi Ukraine kuma ta ba da rahoton ƙaruwar girma sau biyu a 2024 da 2025. Kamfanin yana kuma shirin ƙara ƙarfin sarrafa kwantena a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Kudu ta Vienna nan da 2027, wata sanarwa bayyananniya ta amincewa da buƙata ta dogon lokaci.
An ƙara ƙarfin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na kan iyaka a ɓangaren China sosai. Manyan hanyoyin ketare jiragen ƙasa guda biyar - Alashankou, Horgos, Erenhot, Manzhouli da Suifenhe - yanzu za su iya sarrafa har zuwa musayar jiragen ƙasa 184 a rana, wanda ya karu da kashi 45% daga matakan 2016. Sabon tsarin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na dijital yana nufin za a iya sarrafa takardun kwastam kafin jiragen ƙasa su isa kan iyaka, wanda hakan ke rage lokacin sharewa sosai. Sakamakon haka shi ne hanyar da ta zama abin dogaro, kuma ba ta da matsala da irin katsewar wurare ɗaya da ta addabi ta a shekarun baya.
Kasuwar jigilar kaya ta jirgin ƙasa tsakanin China da Turai ta kai darajar dala biliyan 16 a shekarar 2025 kuma ana sa ran za ta kai dala biliyan 31.44 nan da shekarar 2030, wanda hakan ke nuna karuwar da ta kai kashi 14.46% a kowace shekara. Wannan ba wani sabon tsari bane da ke tasowa. Wannan wata hanyar sufuri ce da aka kafa kuma tana girma cikin sauri.
Dorewa: Shari'ar Muhalli ga Layin Dogo
Jirgin ƙasa yana ɗauke da ƙimar muhalli fiye da farashi da saurin da ke ƙara zama mai mahimmanci ga masu shigo da kaya da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin jagororin ESG ko kuma samar wa masu amfani da Turai waɗanda ke nazarin sawun carbon. A daidai nisa, jirgin ƙasa yana samar da ƙasa da CO2 a kowace tan-kilomita fiye da jigilar iska ko teku. Tushen kowane naúra.
Musamman ga masu shigo da kaya daga Austria, shawarar yin amfani da jirgin ƙasa maimakon iska ba wai kawai dabarar rage gurɓataccen iska ba ce, har ma da wani muhimmin abu ne na kasuwanci. Kasancewar Austria a cikin EU yana nufin ƙa'idodi masu zuwa game da bayyana gurɓataccen iska, kuma Tsarin Daidaita Kan Iyakokin Carbon (CBAM) zai ci gaba da ɗaga darajar da ake da ita ga shawarwarin dabaru. Kamfanonin da za su iya nuna ƙarancin gurɓataccen iska za su sami fa'ida a cikin siyan B2B da matsayin da masu amfani ke fuskanta. Jirgin ƙasa ya riga ya fi rahusa fiye da iska kuma ya fi sauri fiye da teku, amma kuma yana zama zaɓi mai kyau a kasuwa wanda ke ƙara lada ga wannan bambancin.
Yadda Jirgin Sama na Topway ke Tallafawa Hanyar Layin Jirgin Ƙasa daga China zuwa Austria
Samun sarari a kan jirgin ƙasa mai jigilar kaya don amfani da layin dogo na China-Turai bai isa ba. Bin ƙa'idodin kwastam a yankuna da dama, rarraba lambar HS daidai a ƙarƙashin dokokin kwastam na EU, haɗin gwiwar kwastam da buƙatun EORI, da kuma haɗin gwiwa na ƙarshe a cikin Austria abubuwa ne da yawa da ke motsawa. Gudanar da waɗannan ba daidai ba na iya haifar da jigilar kaya. Nan ne abokin tarayya mai aminci na 3PL ke taka rawa.
Tun lokacin da aka buɗe shi don kasuwanci a shekarar 2010, kamfanin Topway Shipping da ke Shenzhen ya gina sunarsa bisa ga irin wannan ƙwarewa ta ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe. An kafa Topway ne ta hanyar ƙungiyar da ta shafe sama da shekaru 15 a fannin sufuri da kwastam na ƙasashen duniya, kuma tana da cikakken fahimtar takardu, bin ƙa'idodi da alaƙar jigilar kaya waɗanda su ne ginshiƙin nasarar ayyukan jigilar kaya na China da Turai.
China-US ta kasance babbar ƙwarewa a fannin sufurin jiragen sama na Topway Shipping a tarihi. Ƙwarewar kamfanin ta kai ga kasuwar Turai, inda ta shafi jigilar kayayyaki ta farko, ajiyar kaya na ƙasashen duniya, share kwastam da kuma jigilar kayayyaki ta mil ɗaya. Topway tana ba da mafita mai sassauƙa ga masu shigo da kaya na Austria tare da jigilar kaya ta FCL da LCL daga China zuwa manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa a faɗin duniya, musamman mahimman hanyoyin shiga Turai waɗanda ake amfani da su a matsayin wuraren jigilar kaya na cikin gida ga Austria. Ƙungiyarsu za ta iya gina hanyoyin sufuri na zamani da yawa: jirgin ƙasa daga cikin ƙasar Sin zuwa cibiyar Turai sannan a daidaita jigilar kaya ta cikin ƙasa zuwa Vienna, Graz ko Linz.
Masu shigo da kaya daga Topway suna fuskantar raguwar farashi mai kyau (babu ƙarin kuɗin mai ko farashin da aka ɓoye a inda za su je) da kuma sadarwa mai zurfi kan yanayin kayayyaki yayin da suke ketare iyakoki. Ga kamfanonin da suka saba shiga layin dogo na China da Turai, ƙwarewar Topway a al'amuran kwastam tana da matuƙar muhimmanci, Austria tana bin ƙa'idodin kwastam na EU kuma samun lambar HS, ƙimar kwastam da sanarwar VAT daidai a farkon tafiya shine bambanci tsakanin izinin shiga da jinkiri mai tsada.
Kammalawa
Sauya kaya daga teku zuwa layin dogo don shigo da kaya daga China zuwa Austria ba sabon abu bane. Wannan martani ne mai ma'ana ga jerin canje-canjen tsarin: ci gaba da canzawa a cikin jigilar kaya a teku, inganta kayayyakin more rayuwa na layin dogo da aminci, faɗaɗa nau'ikan samfura waɗanda suka dace da yanayin saurin jirgin ƙasa, da kuma ƙaruwar mahimmancin hasashen sarkar samar da kayayyaki ga kamfanonin Austria da ke fafatawa a kasuwar EU.
Jirgin ƙasa daga China zuwa Austria ba zai yiwu ga kowace jigilar kaya ba. A nan gaba za a yi jigilar kaya zuwa teku ta hanyar kayayyaki masu yawa da kuma cike kayan da ba na gaggawa ba. Banda kayan lantarki, tufafi, kayan mota, da kayan masarufi inda lokaci da kuɗin jirgin sama suka zama ruwan dare, Jirgin Ƙasa na China-Turai zaɓi ne mai ban sha'awa, wanda ke inganta kowace shekara yayin da kayayyakin more rayuwa ke girma kuma ƙarfin aiki ke ƙaruwa.
Hakika bayanan kasuwa sun goyi bayan wannan ra'ayi. Ba hujja ba ce ta wani labari, inda aka yi amfani da TEU 380,434 a kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta China-EU a shekarar 2024. Wannan ya nuna karuwar kashi 80.2% a kowace shekara, kuma OBB ta bayar da rahoton ninki biyu na adadin da ke kan hanyar Vienna kawai. Sabuwar Hanyar Siliki ba wai kawai wata sanarwa ce ta siyasa ba, har ma da tsarin sufuri ne da masu shigo da kaya daga Austria za su iya amfani da shi a yau a aikace.
Ko kai ne mai shigo da kaya a karon farko da ke binciken hanyoyin da za ka bi ko kuma gogaggen manajan jigilar kaya wanda ke sake duba yanayinka dangane da matsalolin sufuri na jiragen ruwa na baya-bayan nan, jirgin ƙasa daga China zuwa Austria ya cancanci kulawa sosai. Idan abokin hulɗar jigilar kaya mai kyau ya shawo kan sarkakiyar, zai iya ƙara juriyar sarkar samar da kayayyaki sosai, rage jimlar farashin saukar jiragen sama da kuma kai kayanka kasuwa da sauri.
FAQs
T: Har yaushe jigilar jirgin ƙasa daga China zuwa Austria take ɗauka, kofa-kofa?
A: Jirgin ƙasa daga tashar zuwa tashar yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 14 zuwa 22 ya danganta da birnin tashi da kuma jadawalin tafiyar. Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaukar kaya a China da kuma jigilar kaya ta ƙarshe a cikin Austria. Yi shirin jimillar kwanaki 18-28. Wannan ya fi kwanaki 35-45 a kan jigilar kaya a cikin teku a lokutan da suka dace kuma sama da kwanaki 45 idan teku ta katse ta hanyar sake amfani da hanyar Cape of Good Hope.
T: Shin jigilar jiragen ƙasa daga China zuwa Austria ta fi tsada fiye da jigilar kaya daga teku?
A: Eh, kusan sau 2 zuwa 3 na farashin jigilar kaya ta teku na FCL, a kowace kwantenar. Amma idan ka ƙara kuɗin riƙe kaya, haɗarin jinkiri a jigilar kaya ta teku, da kuma fa'idar rashin tashi a cikin kayan gaggawa, jimillar kuɗin saukar jirgin ƙasa yawanci yana gasa da kaya masu saurin ɗaukar lokaci ko masu tsada.
T: Wadanne kayayyaki ne suka fi dacewa da hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta China-Austria?
A: Kayan lantarki, tufafi, kayan hawa, kayan daki na yanayi ko na talla da kayayyakin masarufi galibi sun fi dacewa da farashi. Jirgin ƙasa yana da kyau musamman lokacin da samfurin ya yi tsada sosai ko kuma lokacin da za a iya jigilar shi ta teku, amma bai isa ya zama darajar kowace kilo don ya tabbatar da farashin jigilar jiragen sama ba.
T: Shin rikicin Rasha da Ukraine ya shafi jigilar jiragen ƙasa tsakanin China da Austria?
A: Hanyar Arewa ta ratsa Rasha har yanzu a bude take, amma wasu kamfanonin inshora suna amfani da sharuddan da suka shafi barazanar yaki. Hanyar Tsakiya ta fadin Kazakhstan, Tekun Caspian da Turkiyya ta tsallake Rasha gaba daya kuma ta sami karuwar karfin aiki tun daga shekarar 2022. Dukansu suna samuwa kuma mai jigilar kaya zai iya ba da shawara kan wanda ya fi dacewa da yanayin hadarin ku.
T: Waɗanne buƙatun kwastam ne suka shafi kayayyakin da suka isa Austria ta jirgin ƙasa?
A: Shin Austria tana bin ƙa'idodin kwastam na EU? Eh, Austria tana ƙarƙashin Dokar Kwastam ta Tarayyar Turai. Masu shigo da kaya suna buƙatar lambar EORI, daidaitaccen rarrabuwar lambar HS, bayyana ƙimar kwastam daidai da fayil ɗin VAT na shigo da kaya. Haɗin gwiwa da ƙwararren mai jigilar kaya wanda ke kula da share kwastam na EU, kamar Topway Shipping, yana rage jinkiri da hukunce-hukuncen da galibi ke da alaƙa da kurakurai daga mai shigo da kaya a karon farko.
