ʻO Chongqing a i Duisburg: Pehea e hana ai ka China-Europe Railway Express

 

Introduction

Ma Nowemapa 15, 2024, i ka hola 10:20 am, ua holo aku ke kaʻaahi X8083 mai ke kahua ʻo Tuanjie Village ma Chongqing, ma ke komohana hema o Kina, me nā mea uila, nā ʻāpana ʻoihana, a me nā lako hale. He ʻumikūmāiwa lā ma hope mai, ua hōʻea ia i ke kahua ʻo DuisPort ma Duisburg, Kelemānia — e hoʻopau ana i ka huakaʻi 100,000 o ka China-Europe Railway Express (CRE). He hanana koʻikoʻi ia i hiki ʻole i kekahi poʻe o ka honua logistics ke noʻonoʻo i ka wā i haʻalele mālie ai ke kaʻaahi mua mai ke kūlanakauhale hoʻokahi i Malaki 2011.
I kēia lā, ʻo ke kaʻaahi China-Europe Railway Express kekahi o nā hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi loa i ka logistics ukana honua i loko o kahi hanauna. Hāʻawi ia i kahi waena maoli ma waena o ka hoʻokele waiwai lohi o ka ukana moana a me ka wikiwiki pipiʻi o ka ukana ea. No nā mea hoʻouna e hoʻoneʻe ana i nā waiwai ma waena o Kina a me ʻEulopa - inā he mau mea hana uila ma Chongqing, nā mea hoʻolako kaʻa ma Kelemania, a i ʻole nā ​​mea lawelawe e-commerce palena ʻāina e kūʻai aku ana i loko o ka EU - ua lilo ka CRE i ʻāpana kikowaena o ka hoʻolālā kaulahao lako.
Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke ala ʻo Chongqing-Duisburg, ke ʻano maoli o nā helu, pehea e hoʻohālikelike ai ka lawelawe me nā koho ʻē aʻe, a me nā ʻanuʻu kūpono e pono ai nā mea lawe mai a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku e noʻonoʻo i ka wā e loiloi ai no kā lākou ukana.

 

Nā Kumu: Mai Hoʻokahi Kaʻaahi Pule a i kahi Pūnaewele Transcontinental

Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke ala ʻo Chongqing-Duisburg, i kapa ʻia ʻo Yuxinou (渝新欧) Railway, ma Malaki 19, 2011. ʻO ka inoa he portmanteau: Yu (渝) no Chongqing, Xin (新) no Xinjiang, a me Ou (欧) no ʻEulopa. ʻO kāna ukana mua i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kamepiula lawe lima a me nā pale LCD i hana ʻia e Foxconn a me kāna mau mea hoʻolako ma Chongqing - kahi ʻāina i lilo i kikowaena hana nui ma uka, akā ʻo ia ka mea i hilinaʻi mau i ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana i nā awa kahakai ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana ma luna o nā moku. Ua ʻoki ke koho kaʻaahi i nā pule mai kēlā kaʻina hana.
I kona mau makahiki mua, ua liʻiliʻi ka lawelawe. I ka makahiki 2012, he 40 wale nō kaʻaahi i holo ma ke ala ʻo Yuxinou, e lawe ana ma kahi o 1,747 mau ipu. Ua hala he 16 mau lā o ka huakaʻi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka huakaʻi moana he 36 lā i nā awa ʻEulopa. Akā, ʻo ke kumu waiwai nui - ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ke kai, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ea - ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia, a ua hahai koke nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Chengdu, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Yiwu, a me Xi'an i kā lākou mau ala ponoʻī i nā wahi like ʻole o ʻEulopa. I ka makahiki 2016, ua hoʻohui ke aupuni Kina i kēia mau lawelawe āpau ma lalo o ka hōʻailona hoʻokahi 'China-Europe Railway Express' e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka kaohi maikaʻi.
Ua wikiwiki koke ka ulu ʻana mai ia manawa. Ua piʻi aʻe ka waiwai o ka ukana makahiki mai $8 biliona i ka makahiki 2016 a i $66.4 biliona i ka makahiki 2024 - ʻoi aku ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana o ʻewalu manawa ma lalo o hoʻokahi ʻumi makahiki. I ka waena o 2025, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huakaʻi i 110,000, a ua ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waiwai i neʻe ʻia ma mua o $450 biliona.

 

Ke Ala: 11,179 Kilomita ma waena o nā ʻĀina ʻEwalu

ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke alahaka ʻo Chongqing-Duisburg ma kahi o 11,179 kilomita a hele ma waena o Kina, Kazakhstan, Rusia, Belarus, a me Polani ma mua o ke komo ʻana i Kelemānia. ʻO ka maʻamau, he 13 a 16 mau lā ka huakaʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻoiai hiki i ka hana ʻana o ka palena a me nā loli o ke koi kau ke hoʻolōʻihi i kēia i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā.
Haʻalele nā ​​kaʻaahi mai ke kahua ʻo Tuanjie Village ma Chongqing a hele i ke komohana ʻākau i Xinjiang, e puka ana mai Kina ma o Alashankou a i ʻole Horgos - nā wahi ʻelua e hele ai i ka palena ʻāina i Kazakhstan. ʻO kēia kahi e hoʻoponopono ʻia ai kekahi o nā pilikia loea koʻikoʻi o ke ala: hoʻohana ʻo Kina i ke ala ana maʻamau (1,435 mm), ʻoiai ʻo Kazakhstan a me ka pūnaewele kaʻaahi Soviet mua e hoʻohana ana i ke ana ākea (1,520 mm). Ma ke keʻa palena, hoʻoili ʻia nā ipu i nā bogies hou - nā hui huila a me nā axle ma lalo o ke kaʻa kaʻaahi - a i ʻole e hāpai ʻia a kau ʻia ma luna o nā kaʻa ākea. ʻOiai he manawa lōʻihi kēia hana i nā makahiki ma mua, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia ma nā hale hana hou.
Mai Kazakhstan mai, hele nā ​​kaʻaahi ma o Rusia a me Belarus ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana i Małaszewicze ma ka hikina o Polani, kahi e hana ʻia ai kahi hoʻololi ana no ka hoʻi ʻana i ke ala maʻamau o ʻEulopa. Holo ka wāwae hope loa ma o ka pūnaewele kaʻaahi i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia o Kelemania i Duisburg, ma ka puʻuwai o ka ʻāina ʻoihana ʻo Ruhr.

 

Nā Alanui CRE Nui ma kahi Nānā

ala hele	Ka mamao	Manawa Kaʻahele	Keʻa hele palena
Chongqing → Duisburg	~11,179km	13-16 mau lā	Alashankou / Horgos (Kina–Kazakhstan)
Chengdu → Łódź	~9,800km	12-14 mau lā	Alahankou
Yiwu → Madrid	~13,000km	16-18 mau lā	ʻErenhot
Xi'an → Małaszewicze	~10,000km	12-14 mau lā	Erenhot / Alashankou

 

ʻO Duisburg: Mai ke Kaona Lanahu a i ka Puka o Kina i ʻEulopa

ʻAʻole he mea ulia ka puka ʻana mai o Duisburg ma ke ʻano he hopena ʻEulopa o ka CRE. Aia ke kūlanakauhale ma ka hui ʻana o nā muliwai ʻo Rhine a me Ruhr a ʻo ia ka home o DuisPort, ke awa kūloko nui loa o ka honua ma ka nui o ka ukana. Hoʻolaha ʻia kona mau pilina alanui a me ke kaʻaahi ma Kelemania a hohonu i loko o ʻEulopa Komohana a me Waena, e lilo ia i kikowaena hoʻolaha kūlohelohe.

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻike waiwai o Duisburg. I ka wā ma mua, he kūlanakauhale i kapa ʻia me ka hana ʻeli lanahu a me ka hana kila - nā ʻoihana i emi nui i ka hapa hope o ke kenekulia 20 - ua hana hou ia iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he kikowaena logistics a me ke kālepa. Ua hoʻomaka ka pilina CRE me hoʻokahi kaʻaahi i kēlā me kēia pule a ua hoʻonui ʻia i 30 a 40 mau kaʻaahi e hōʻea ana i kēlā me kēia pule mai nā kūlanakauhale Kina, e hoʻopili ana iā Duisburg me 15 mau wahi ʻoihana ma Kina. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma mua o 100 mau ʻoihana logistics ma Duisburg ma muli o ka pilina kaʻaahi, a ua hoʻokumu ka ʻoihana ma mua o 20,000 mau hana ma kahi kūloko.

Ua kākoʻo mau ke meia o Duisburg, ʻo Soeren Link, i ka pilina, e wehewehe ana iā ia he koho ʻē aʻe i ke kai a me ke ea ukali e hāʻawi ana i nā pono kaiapuni a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Ua hoʻokumu nā ʻoihana Kina - mai nā mea hoʻokele hoʻokō e-commerce a hiki i nā mea hana uila - i nā hana ʻEulopa ma ke kūlanakauhale, e hoʻololi hou ana i kona ʻano kalepa ma nā ʻano i paʻakikī ke wānana i nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālima i hala.

 

He aha maoli ka mea e hoʻouna ʻia ana ma luna o kēia mau kaʻaahi?

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ala ʻo Yuxinou i ka makahiki 2011, ua aneane pau nā ukana i nā lako IT - nā kamepiula lawe lima, nā pale LCD, a me nā ʻāpana pili i hana ʻia e Foxconn a me kāna mau mea hoʻolako ma Chongqing. I kēia lā, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka laulā o nā waiwai i lawe ʻia, e uhi ana ma mua o 50,000 mau ʻano huahana e like me ka ʻikepili mai China Railway.

He mea koʻikoʻi loa ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā kaʻa. Mai Kepakemapa 2022, i ka wā i hoʻopau ʻia ai nā kapu i ka lawe ʻana i nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ua hoʻohana nui nā mea hana EV Kina me BYD i ka CRE e hoʻouna i nā kaʻa i hoʻopau ʻia i nā mākeke ʻEulopa. Ua ulu pū nā waiwai ʻoihana waiwai nui e like me nā lako lapaʻau a me nā mīkini kikoʻī ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka ukana kaʻaahi, ma muli o ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka bila ukana kaʻaahi ma ke ʻano he collateral no nā leka hōʻaiʻē - kahi hana hou kālā i hoʻolilo i ke ʻano i mea hoihoi i nā ʻoihana waena e hoʻokele ana i ke kahe kālā i ka wā o ka transit.

kuhikuhi ana	Māhele Huahana Nui
Kina → ʻEulopa	Nā mea uila, nā lako home, nā kaʻa (NEV), nā mīkini, nā lole, nā lako hale, nā palakiko
ʻEulopa → Kina	Nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā kemika, nā huahana meaʻai, nā waiwai hoʻohiwahiwa, nā mea hana kikoʻī

 

Ua ulu nui nā huakaʻi hoʻi - ʻEulopa a Kina - a i kēia manawa ua kaulike ʻia me ka nui o nā mea i waho. Ua hiki aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ipu i hoʻouka ʻia ma kahi o 100%, he hoʻomaikaʻi nui mai nā makahiki mua i ka wā i holo pinepine ai nā kaʻaahi komohana me nā ipu hakahaka hapa. ʻO nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku ma ʻEulopa e neʻe ana i ka hikina ma o ke kaʻaahi e komo pū me nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā huahana meaʻai, nā kemika, a me nā waiwai kūʻai kiʻekiʻe.

 

Kaʻaahi vs. Kai vs. Ea: Pehea e kūlike ai ka CRE?

Aia ka China-Europe Railway Express ma kahi kūlana waena i manaʻo ʻia ma ka papa hoʻonohonoho modal. ʻO kona kumukūʻai ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapaha o ka ukana mokulele, ʻoiai ʻo kona manawa hele ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapaha o ka halihali moana, e like me ka China-Europe Freight Train Development Report. No nā ukana kahi e pili ai ka manawa - nā lole a me nā waiwai kau, nā meaʻai palaho, nā ʻāpana kaʻa i ka manawa kūpono - akā i kahi paʻakikī ke hoʻāpono i ke kumukūʻai o ka ukana mokulele, hoʻopiha ke kaʻaahi i kahi hakahaka maoli.

Keʻano halihali	Ka Manawa Hoʻololi (Kina→ʻEulopa)	Kumukuai (pilina)	pono	Kāpena Carbon
Ke Kuhi Kai	25-35 mau lā	Haʻahaʻa loa	Kaulike (pilikia o ke kūpikipikiʻana o ke awa)	Low
Air Freight	2-5 mau lā	Kiʻekiʻe loa (~5 × kaʻaahi)	High	Loaʻa
Kaʻaahi Kina–ʻEulopa	12-18 mau lā	~1/5 o ka ea	Kiʻekiʻe (ma muli o ka papa hana)	Haʻahaʻa–Medium

 

Eia naʻe, he ʻano ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. ʻO ka ukana moana ke ʻano nui no nā waiwai nui a me nā waiwai haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ke kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia kilokani. He mea nui ka ukana ea no nā ukana wikiwiki, waiwai nui, a i ʻole nā ​​ukana palaho. Hana maikaʻi loa ke kaʻaahi no nā waiwai i hana ʻia ma ka pae waiwai waena a kiʻekiʻe, kahi e like ai ka wānana o ka transit me ka wikiwiki, a ma kahi e pono ai ka mea hoʻouna i kahi kaulahao mālama i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hiki ke hahai ʻia e hoʻohui pū me nā dute a me nā mea kālā. Ua hōʻike maopopo ka wā 2020-2022 i kēia: i ka wā i hoʻolilo ai ka nele o nā pahu ukana honua a me ke kūpikipikiʻi o ke awa i ka ukana kai i mea paʻakikī ke wānana a pipiʻi, ua hoʻomaka nā hui he nui i noʻonoʻo ʻole i ke kaʻaahi e hoʻohana - a ua noho kahi hapa nui.

 

Pehea e hana maoli ai ke kaʻina hana Logistics

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano hana o kahi ukana CRE e kōkua i nā mea hoʻouna e hoʻonohonoho i nā manaʻolana kūpono a hoʻomākaukau pololei i nā palapala. ʻO ke kaʻina hana mai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana ma Duisburg e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao he nui: ka mea hoʻouna, kahi mea hoʻouna ukana a mea hoʻokele logistics paha, kahi mea lawelawe kaʻaahi (RSO) nāna e hoʻopaʻa i kahi ma ke kaʻaahi, nā luna dute ma nā wahi haʻalele a me nā wahi transit he nui, a me ka ʻaoʻao loaʻa ma ʻEulopa.

Hoʻopaʻa a me ka palapala

Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā ukana ma o kahi mea lawelawe kaʻaahi a i ʻole ka mea hoʻouna ukana 5-10 mau lā ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. ʻO nā palapala koʻikoʻi e pono ai, ʻo ia ka invoice kalepa, ka papa inoa hoʻopaʻa, ka bila ukana (ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano like o ke kaʻaahi he CIM consignment note a i ʻole ka Chinese railway waybill), a me nā palapala hōʻoia e pono ai no nā waiwai kikoʻī - nā palapala hōʻoia phytosanitary no ka meaʻai, nā palapala hōʻoia neʻe EUR.1 no ka mālama ʻana i nā uku ʻauhau ma ʻEulopa, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka maʻamau, hōʻiliʻili nā ʻoihana logistics a nānā mua i nā palapala e waiho no ka ʻae mua ʻana o nā dute, kahi hana i hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma lalo o ka paepae lawelawe ukana 95306 o Kina.

Nā Dute ma nā wahi kumu a me nā wahi transit

ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā dute Kina ma Chongqing a i ʻole kekahi kūlanakauhale haʻalele ʻē aʻe ka hana mua nui. Me ke kulekele dute i hoʻohui ʻia ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka kaʻana like ʻana i ka ʻike ma waena o nā dute haʻalele a me nā dute palena. Ma Alashankou a i ʻole Horgos, hana nā kaʻaahi i ke kaʻina hana hoʻololi bogie ʻoiai nā luna dute ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e hana i nā hōʻike transit. Hiki i nā hale hana hou ke hana i kēia hoʻololi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wikiwiki ma mua o nā makahiki mua o ka lawelawe.

ʻO ka hele ʻana ma o Rusia a me Belarus e pili ana i ka sila ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā dute ma mua o ka nānā piha ʻana. ʻO ke komo ʻana i Polani ma Małaszewicze kahi e pili ai nā kaʻina hana dute o EU. Loaʻa i ka EU nā koi kikoʻī no nā waiwai e hōʻea mai ana mai nā ʻāina ʻaʻole lālā, a e hōʻoia nā mea lawelawe logistics akamai i ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻolaha lawe mai pololei, ka hoʻopaʻa inoa VAT, a me nā kaʻina hana transit Customs Union ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ke kaʻaahi. ʻO nā lohi i kēia manawa ke kumu maʻamau o nā manawa transit lōʻihi ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia.

Ka Mana a me ka Hoʻonohonoho ʻana

Ke hoʻokele nei ʻo Chongqing i 10 a 12 mau kaʻaahi i kēlā me kēia pule ma ka CRE, e lawe ana kēlā me kēia i 500-600 TEU. Hahai nā haʻalele i kahi papa manawa i paʻi ʻia, a hāʻawi ke ala ʻo Yuxinou i kahi kaʻaahi papa manawa piha e hiki ai ke hōʻea i Duisburg i loko o nā lā he ʻumi ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi. No nā ʻoihana e-commerce palena ʻāina a me nā ʻoihana e hoʻolako ana i nā mea kūʻai aku me ka waihona hoʻopiha hou, ʻo ka wānana ʻana o kahi lawelawe i hoʻonohonoho ʻia he pono hana nui ia ma luna o nā papa manawa loli o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā ipu.

 

Nā Pōʻino Geopolitical a me nā Alanui ʻē aʻe

ʻO ke ala ʻākau ma o Rusia ka mea e lawe ai i ka hapa nui o ke kaʻa CRE, akā ʻo ka hakakā ʻana o Rusia-Ukraine i hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 2022 ua hoʻolauna i ka maopopo ʻole. Ua kau ʻo Rusia i nā kapu ma kekahi mau waiwai i ʻOkakopa 2024, e hoʻololi ana i kekahi mau kaʻa a koi aku i nā mea lawelawe logistics e hoʻololi. Ua pani ʻo Polani i kona mau palena me Belarus no ʻelima mau lā i Kepakemapa 2025 ma muli o kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa pūʻali koa, e hoʻopilikia ana i ke komo ʻana o ke kaʻaahi i nā kikowaena ʻEulopa. Hōʻike kēia mau hanana i kahi pilikia maoli: hilinaʻi ka pono o ke alaloa ʻākau i ka laulima politika o nā ʻāina he nui i kūlike ʻole mau.

Ua ulu aʻe ke Alanui Waena — i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ke Alanui Halihali Honua Trans-Caspian (TITR) — ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe, e hoʻokele ana i nā kaʻaahi ma o Kazakhstan, ma waena o ke Kai Caspian ma ka waʻapā, ma o Azerbaijan a i ʻole Georgia, a i loko o Turkey a i ʻole ʻEulopa Hikina. Ua hoʻopukapuka kālā nā ʻāina e like me Turkey, Azerbaijan, a me Uzbekistan i nā ʻoihana o kēia alaloa. He lōʻihi a pili i kahi keʻa kai intermodal, akā ua kāpae loa ia i ka ʻāina ʻo Lūkini. I ka makahiki 2025, ua lilo ia i koho koʻikoʻi ma mua o ka makahiki 2022, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā mea hoʻouna me ka pilikia geopolitical i kā lākou mau koi kaulahao lako.

 

Pehea e hiki ai i ka hoʻouna ʻana o Topway ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻokele i kēia ala

No nā ʻoihana e ʻimi nei e hoʻohana i ka China-Europe Railway Express, ʻo ka hana pū ʻana me kahi hoa logistics akamai e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa hiki ke ana ʻia - ʻoiai hoʻi i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā palapala, nā dute, a me nā paʻakikī o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e hele mai me kahi alaloa kaʻaahi multi-country.

ʻO Topway Shipping, nona ke keʻena nui ma Shenzhen, he mea hoʻolako loea ia o nā hoʻonā logistics e-commerce ma waena o nā palena mai ka makahiki 2010. Lawe mai ka hui hoʻokumu i nā makahiki he 15 o ka ʻike lima ma ka logistics honua a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute, me ka ʻike hohonu i ka halihali Kina-US a me kahi kapuaʻi lawelawe e hoʻonui ana ma nā ala kālepa honua e komo pū ana me ke alahaka kaʻaahi Kina-ʻEulopa.

Hoʻopili ka lawelawe a Topway i ke kaulahao logistics holoʻokoʻa: ka halihali wāwae mua mai ka hale hana a hale kūʻai paha a i ke kahua haʻalele kaʻaahi, ka hale kūʻai ma waho ma nā kikowaena hoʻolaha ʻEulopa, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute ma ke kumu a me ka hopena, a me ka lawe ʻana i ka mile hope loa ma ʻEulopa. No nā mea hoʻouna ukana nona ka nui o nā ukana a i ʻole ka hui huahana e kūpono i ka ukana moana, hāʻawi pū ʻo Topway i nā lawelawe ukana piha piha (FCL) a me nā lawelawe ukana liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka ukana (LCL) mai Kina a i nā awa nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa - e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka hiki ke hoʻohui i nā ʻano e like me ka mea e pono ai, ma muli o nā koi manawa alakaʻi a me nā palena kālā.

He mea waiwai nui ka hui pū ʻana o ka ʻike loea kaʻaahi a me ka ʻike dute hohonu ma ka CRE, kahi e hiki ai i nā hewa palapala ma ke kumu ke hoʻoulu i nā lohi cascading ma nā palena transit. Hoʻoponopono ka hui o Topway i nā waiho ʻana ma mua o ka ʻae ʻana, hoʻonohonoho pū me nā mea lawelawe lawelawe kaʻaahi ma ka papa manawa, a mālama i ka kamaʻilio ʻana me nā luna dute ʻEulopa e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoili maʻalahi. No nā mea lawelawe e-commerce ma waena o nā palena - kahi ʻāpana kahi i kūkulu ai ʻo Topway i kona ʻike loea ikaika loa - ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka waihona hoʻopiha hou i nā kikowaena hoʻokō ʻEulopa ma ke kumu hilinaʻi a i hoʻonohonoho ʻia he pono hoʻokūkū maoli.

 

He kūpono anei ka China-Europe Railway Express no kāu ukana?

ʻAʻole he hopena honua ka CRE. E like me nā ʻano logistics āpau, kūpono ia i kekahi mau ʻano ukana a me nā ʻano kaulahao lako, a kūpono ʻole i nā mea ʻē aʻe. Kōkua nā manaʻo ma lalo nei e wehewehe i ka wā e kūpono ai ke kaʻaahi.

ʻO ke kumukūʻai ukana a me ka ʻike manawa nā kānana nui. ʻO ka wahi kūpono no ke kaʻaahi nā waiwai i hana ʻia ma waena a kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai kahi e ʻae ʻia ai ka hele ʻana o 13-18 lā akā ʻaʻole hiki ke holo i ke kai he 30 lā, a kahi hiki ʻole ke komo ke kumukūʻai o ka ukana ea i loko o ka palena huahana. Ua hōʻoia ʻia he kūpono nā mea uila, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā lole ʻano, nā lako hale, a me nā mīkini mea kūʻai. ʻO nā waiwai nui kaumaha loa a haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai he manaʻo nui ia no ka ukana kai. Ke hele nei nā ukana wikiwiki loa ma ka ea.

He mea nui nō hoʻi ka kūlike o ka nui a me ka ipu. Neʻe maikaʻi loa nā ukana ipu piha ma ka CRE, a kākoʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā nui ipu maʻamau - 20 kapuaʻi a me 40 kapuaʻi nā ipu maloʻo. Loaʻa nā lawelawe hoʻohuihui emi ma mua o ka ukana ipu (LCL) no ka CRE akā ʻaʻole maʻamau ma mua o ka ukana moana, no laila hana pinepine nā mea hoʻouna liʻiliʻi ma o nā mea hoʻohuihui e hoʻohui i kā lākou ukana me nā ukana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, he mea nui ka wahi i hele ʻia ma loko o ʻEulopa. He wahi hoʻolaha kūikawā ʻo Duisburg no Kelemania a me ʻEulopa Komohana. No nā ukana i hoʻouna ʻia no ʻEulopa Waena a me ʻEulopa Hikina, hiki i nā ala ma o Łódź a i ʻole Budapest ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻokele waiwai hope loa. Hiki i kahi hoa logistics i pili pono ke hoʻohālike i ka huina kumukūʻai puka a puka a puka no kēlā me kēia koho ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ala maʻamau loa.

 

Panina

Ua huakaʻi lōʻihi ka China-Europe Railway Express mai kona hoʻomaka ʻana ma ke ʻano he lawelawe ukana hoʻokahi pule e hoʻohui ana i nā hale hana kamepiula lawe lima o Chongqing i kahi kikowaena liʻiliʻi ma Duisburg. I kēia manawa, he pūnaewele ia e hana ana ma mua o 19,000 mau kaʻaahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e uhi ana i 227 mau kūlanakauhale ma 25 mau ʻāina ʻEulopa, e lawe ana i $66.4 biliona i nā waiwai i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he kia hoʻolālā maoli o ka hoʻokele kaulahao lako honua.

ʻO ka huakaʻi 100,000 i ka hopena o 2024, a me ka hala ʻana o 110,000 mau huakaʻi ma waena o 2025, ʻaʻole ia he hōʻailona wale nō o ka hoʻokō helu akā he hōʻoia o ke kumu hoʻohālike: ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻāina kaʻa kaʻaahi ma Eurasia a puni, ke kākoʻo ʻia e ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻana i nā ʻoihana hana, nā ʻōnaehana dute kikohoʻe, a me nā hana logistics i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokūkū ma kahi kahua honua. No nā mea hoʻouna, ʻaʻole he koho hoʻokolohua ka CRE - he koho i hoʻokumu ʻia e kūpono i kahi i loko o kekahi loiloi koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano o ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā waiwai ma waena o Kina a me ʻEulopa.

Inā he mea hana ʻoe ma ke komohana hema o Kina e ʻimi nei e hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke awa kahakai, he mea lawe mai ʻEulopa e ʻimi nei i kahi kaulahao lako i ʻoi aku ka wānana, a i ʻole he mea hoʻokele e-commerce palena ʻāina e hoʻokele ana i ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i nā waihona ma nā mākeke EU he nui, ʻo nā kumu o ke alaloa ʻo Chongqing-Duisburg - a me ka pūnaewele ulu e hoʻopaʻa nei - he mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo hohonu.

 

FAQs

Q: ʻEhia ka lōʻihi o ka holo ʻana o ke kaʻaahi mai Chongqing a i Duisburg?

A: Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, he 13 a 16 mau lā ka huakaʻi. Me ka lawelawe wikiwiki piha ma ke ala ʻo Yuxinou, hiki i ka transit ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau lā. Hiki i nā lohi o ka hana ʻana i nā palena ʻāina a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hoʻopilikia geopolitical ke hoʻolōʻihi i kēia.

Q: Pehea e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai ke kumukūʻai o ka ukana kaʻaahi me ka lewa a me ke kai?

A: ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka ukana kaʻaahi ma kahi o hoʻokahi hapaha o ka ukana ea, ʻoiai ʻehā manawa ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka ukana kai. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ke kai akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka ea, e kūpono ana no nā waiwai pili i ka manawa i kūpono ʻole i nā kumukūʻai ea.

Q: He aha nā ʻano waiwai i kūpono loa no ka China-Europe Railway Express?

A: ʻO nā mea uila, nā ʻāpana kaʻa, nā mīkini mea kūʻai aku, nā lole, nā lako hale, a me nā kaʻa ikehu hou kekahi o nā ʻano i hoʻouna pinepine ʻia. ʻO nā waiwai waiwai nui e pono ai nā manawa transit i wānana ʻia akā ʻaʻole hiki ke uku i nā kumukūʻai ukana ea ke kūpono loa.

Q: He aha nā pilikia nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ala CRE ʻākau?

A: ʻO nā hoʻopilikia geopolitical - me nā kapu i kau ʻia e Rusia a me ka pani ʻana o nā palena ma Polani - nā pilikia nui ma ke alaloa ʻākau. Hāʻawi ka Trans-Caspian (Middle) Corridor i kahi koho ʻē aʻe e kāpae ana iā Rusia, ʻoiai pili ia i kahi keʻa moku Caspian Sea a me ka manawa transit lōʻihi.

Q: Hiki iā Topway Shipping ke kōkua me nā hoʻouna kaʻaahi Kina-ʻEulopa?

A: ʻAe. Hāʻawi ʻo Topway Shipping i ke kākoʻo logistics mai ka hopena a i ka hopena e pili ana i ka halihali wāwae mua, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe dute, ka hale kūʻai ma waho, a me ka lawe ʻana i ka mile hope loa ma ʻEulopa. Me ka ʻoi aku o 15 mau makahiki o ka ʻike logistics honua, ua kūlana maikaʻi ʻo Topway e hoʻokele i nā palapala a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana e pono ai no nā hoʻouna CRE.