Kev lis kev cai German (Zoll) thiab koj cov khoom xa tuaj FCL:
Feem ntau yuam kev uas ua rau ncua
Introduction
Hamburg yog ib qho chaw nres nkoj uas muaj cov thawv ntim khoom ntau tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, thiab txhua xyoo, muaj ntau txhiab tus neeg xa khoom FCL tuaj. Lawv nyob ntawm lub davhlau rau ntau hnub lossis txawm tias ntau lub lis piam thaum German cov neeg lis kev cai (Zoll) daws cov teeb meem ntawv, kev txiav txim tshuaj xyuas, lossis kev tsis pom zoo txog kev faib tawm. Cov khoom xa tuaj twb tau mus txog 19,000 mais nautical lawm. Cov nqi xa khoom twb tau them lawm. Thiab tom qab ntawd, ua ntej qhov kev xa khoom kawg, qhov yuam kev hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau zam kom raug nqi ntau dua, ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, thiab ua txhaum cov lus cog tseg.
Lub chaw lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees ua haujlwm sai raws li tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb. Lub Zoll tuaj yeem ua tiav daim ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev xa khoom tuaj thiab tso lub thawv tawm hauv ib mus rau rau teev nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ib txwm siv lub platform thev naus laus zis ATLAS (Automated Tariff and Local Customs Processing System). Qhov ceev ntawd, txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv nws tau txais zoo npaum li cas. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv xa tsis phim cov khoom lossis yog tias cov ntaub ntawv xav tau tsis muaj, lub kaw lus cim cov khoom thauj rau kev ntsuam xyuas tes. Kev ntsuam xyuas tes, ntawm qhov tod tes, tshwm sim ntawm lub sijhawm sib cais kiag li.
Lub koom haum Bundesfinanzministerium hais tias 68% ntawm kev ncua sijhawm ntawm kev lis kev cai ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Frankfurt thiab Hamburg yog vim muaj kev faib tsis raug ntawm HS code. Tus lej ntawd qhia koj txhua yam koj xav paub txog qhov twg muaj kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb: tsis yog hauv kev xa khoom lossis kev sib koom tes logistics, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ua lag luam ua ntej lub nkoj tawm hauv Shenzhen.
Cov lus qhia no qhia cov neeg xa khoom tuaj txog qhov yuam kev feem ntau uas lawv ua thaum cuam tshuam nrog German kev lis kev cai ntawm FCL xa khoom los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, dab tsi tshwm sim thaum lawv ua cov ntawd, thiab lawv tuaj yeem ua dab tsi ua ntej lub nkoj tawm mus kom ua raws li lawv lub sijhawm xa khoom.
Yuav ua li cas German Customs (Zoll) Ua Haujlwm rau FCL Imports
Ua ntej lub nkoj nres nkoj, chaw nres nkoj xa Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Nkag Mus (ENS) mus rau ATLAS system rau lub thawv FCL uas tuaj txog hauv Hamburg. Qhov no ua rau Zoll ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo. Feem ntau cov thawv tau txais "channel ntsuab", uas txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem raug tso tawm sai li sai tau thaum tus neeg xa khoom lossis lawv tus neeg ua haujlwm kev lis kev cai xa daim ntawv qhia txog kev xa khoom tiav thiab them cov nqi thiab VAT xa khoom uas yuav tsum tau them. Tus lej me dua tau txais tus chij "daj" rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv lossis tus chij "liab" uas hais tias cov khoom thauj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lub cev.
Koj yuav tsum xa daim ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev xa khoom tuaj rau hauv hluav taws xob los ntawm ATLAS. Txhua lub lag luam uas xa khoom tuaj rau hauv EU rau lub hom phiaj ua lag luam yuav tsum tau txais tus lej EORI (Kev Sau Npe thiab Kev Txheeb Xyuas Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm Kev Lag Luam) los ntawm lub chaw haujlwm kev lis kev cai ntawm lawv lub tebchaws. Thaum tus neeg xa khoom tuaj uas tsis yog EU ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg txais khoom lossis tus neeg sawv cev hauv German, lawv siv tus lej EORI ntawm tog neeg German. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias txhua daim ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev lis kev cai hauv lub tebchaws Yelemees yog ua tiav hauv hluav taws xob. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm sau ntawv tsuas yog lees txais thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thaum lub kaw lus ATLAS tsis ua haujlwm.
Txoj Cai Lij Choj Txog Kev Lis Kev Cai ntawm Lub Koom Haum (UCC) hais tias cov khoom uas nkag mus rau hauv EU los ntawm sab nraud EU yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm rau cov neeg lis kev cai sai li sai tau thaum lawv tuaj txog ntawm chaw nres nkoj. Rau cov thawv FCL, qhov no feem ntau txhais tau tias tus neeg ua haujlwm lis kev cai xa daim ntawv tshaj tawm rau hnub uas lub nkoj tuaj txog lossis hauv ob peb hnub tom qab ntawd. Yog tias tus neeg xa khoom tsis tau npaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej lub nkoj tuaj txog, tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis muaj sijhawm ntau los tau txais yam lawv xav tau. Thaum lawv ua qhov no, lub thawv pib sau cov nqi demurrage ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm uas huv si thiab npaj tau zoo yuav siv sijhawm ib mus rau rau teev los ua nrog tus qauv ATLAS. Thaum lawv pib, kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev tuaj yeem kav ntev txog peb hnub. Khoom noj, khoom siv tsiaj, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob uas xav tau kev lees paub CE cim yog cov piv txwv ntawm cov pawg khoom thauj uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab. Cov hom khoom thauj no yuav tsum dhau los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas ntxiv los ntawm lwm lub koom haum tsis yog Zoll, xws li BVL (Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj), BfArM (rau cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv kho mob), thiab BAFA (rau kev siv ob zaug thiab cov khoom tswj hwm kev xa tawm). Txhua lub koom haum teeb tsa lawv lub sijhawm.
| Zaam Txaj | Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm Zoo | Lub Koom Haum Koom Tes |
| Daim ntawv pov thawj huv si, tsis muaj cov cim qhia | 1-6 teev | Zoll (ATLAS) |
| Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv (daj channel) | 1-3 hnub ua lag luam | Zoll |
| Kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev (channel liab) | Mus txog 3 hnub | Zoll + davhlau ya nyob twg |
| Khoom noj khoom haus / khoom ua liaj ua teb | 1-2 hnub ntxiv | Zoll + BVL/kws kho tsiaj |
| Kev kuaj xyuas kev ua raws li CE (Electronics) | 2-5 hnub ua lag luam | Zoll + kev soj ntsuam kev ua lag luam |
| Cov tshuaj / cov khoom siv kho mob | 3-7 hnub ua lag luam | Zoll + BfArM |
| Cov khoom siv tau ob yam (kev tswj hwm kev xa tawm) | Hloov pauv tau - txog li ob peb lub lis piam | Zoll + BAFA |
Rooj 1: Kwv yees lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai hauv tebchaws Yelemees los ntawm qhov xwm txheej (Hamburg, 2025–2026)
Cov Yuam Kev Feem Ntau Uas Ua Rau Muaj Kev Ncua Sijhawm
Yuam Kev 1: Cov lej HS tsis raug lossis tsis meej
Qhov no yog qhov yuam kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txoj kev loj Shenzhen-Hamburg. Rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev xa khoom tuaj, cov kev lis kev cai German siv tag nrho 10-tus lej TARIC es tsis yog 6-tus lej HS thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Cov lej TARIC qhia koj tias tus nqi se yog dab tsi, yog tias muaj kev ntsuas tiv thaiv kev lag luam (xws li kev them se tawm tsam kev pov tseg lossis cov nqi them rov qab), thiab yog tias cov khoom lag luam raug rau cov kev txwv kev xa khoom tuaj lossis cov kev cai tso cai.
Cov pob ntseg Bluetooth uas tsis muaj xov hlau yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov no. Lawv los raws li TARIC 8517.62.00 es tsis yog 8517.61. Lub kaw lus ATLAS cim ib pob khoom rau kev hloov pauv yog tias tus neeg xa khoom lossis tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lis kev cai faib nws tsis raug. Kev tsis pom zoo txog kev hloov pauv TARIC feem ntau siv sijhawm li 3.2 hnub los daws teeb meem, thiab yog tias ib tus neeg txhob txwm faib qee yam tsis raug, lawv tuaj yeem raug nplua txog li € 12,000 rau ib qho khoom xa tuaj. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua yuam kev ntawm cov lej nce nrog txhua kab khoom ntawm daim ntawv them nqi lag luam rau cov neeg xa khoom uas tsiv cov khoom hauv ntau dua ib pawg, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv rooj tog, thiab cov khoom lag luam sib xyaw.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum ua yog xyuas koj cov lej HS ua ntej xa khoom. Yog tias koj tsis paub tseeb tias yuav ua li cas, koj tuaj yeem nug Zoll kom txiav txim siab txog Binding Tariff Information (BTI) ua ntej. Qhov no xauv cov lej thiab tiv thaiv koj ntawm qhov ua tau tias nws yuav raug faib ua pawg dua. Raws li kev pabcuam ua ntej xa khoom, ntau tus neeg xa khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm kev lis kev cai muaj kev ntsuam xyuas kev faib ua pawg HS.
Yuam Kev 2: Cov Lus Piav Qhia Txog Khoom Tsis Meej Los Yog Tsis Sib Xws
ATLAS xyuas cov lus piav qhia txog cov khoom ntawm daim ntawv them nqi lag luam piv rau HS code uas tau muab. Lub kaw lus tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov sib phim yog tias cov lus piav qhia tsis meej, xws li "cov khoom siv hluav taws xob," "khoom siv hauv tsev," lossis "cov khoom siv tshuab." Tom qab ntawd nws cim cov lus qhia rau kev ntsuam xyuas tes. Qhov nyuaj dua rau cov khoom xa tuaj FCL sib xyaw, vim tias ib lub thawv muaj ntau hom khoom sib txawv, txhua tus xav tau nws cov khoom kab nrog cov lus piav qhia meej.
Cov lus piav qhia yuav tsum qhia meej txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev siv tshuab ntawm cov khoom. "Cov riam ua noj ua haus ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb nrog cov tes yas" yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo los piav qhia lawv. "Khoom siv hauv chav ua noj" tsis yog. "1-meter USB-C them cables rau cov khoom siv mobile" ua haujlwm. "Cov khoom siv" tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no zoo li yooj yim, tab sis thaum lawv luv sijhawm ntawm cov kauj ruam ntim khoom, cov neeg xa khoom feem ntau siv cov lus piav qhia luv luv uas txuag tau ob peb feeb ntawm daim ntawv them nqi tab sis raug nqi hnub hauv Hamburg.
Yuam Kev 3: Kev Tshaj Tawm Tus Nqi Se Tsis Txaus
Nws yog kev ua txhaum cai lij choj German thiab EU kom txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm daim ntawv them nqi kom txo tus nqi xa khoom tuaj thiab VAT. Zoll tsis tu ncua kuaj xyuas cov nqi lis kev cai uas tau thov nrog cov ntaub ntawv nqi lag luam, keeb kwm xa khoom tuaj rau tib cov lej HS, thiab cov ntaub ntawv nqi uas tau sau los ntawm EU's Surveillance 2 system. Yog tias tus nqi thov qis dua qhov ib txwm muaj hauv kev ua lag luam, cov neeg lis kev cai tuaj yeem thov ntau cov ntaub ntawv (xws li cov ntaub ntawv hloov nyiaj hauv tuam txhab nyiaj lossis cov ntawv cog lus ntawm tus neeg muag khoom) thiab nce tus nqi them se.
Cov teebmeem mus dhau qhov kev xa khoom uas tab tom tshwm sim tam sim no. ATLAS yuav txo qis qhov qhab nia ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub tuam txhab yog tias nws muaj keeb kwm ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm tus nqi. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov khoom xa tuaj yav tom ntej yuav raug saib xyuas zoo dua li qhov teeb meem niaj hnub. Rau cov neeg xa khoom FCL uas tseem tab tom coj cov khoom tuaj, tus nqi ntawm kev hloov kho qhov kev pheej hmoo yog siab dua li tus nqi uas tau txuag ntawm ib qho kev xa khoom.
Yuam Kev 4: Tus lej EORI uas ploj lawm lossis tsis tiav
Txhua lub lag luam uas xa khoom mus rau hauv EU xav tau tus lej EORI. Tus lej no yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm ATLAS rau kev xa khoom FCL mus rau Hamburg. Qee tus neeg xa khoom Suav teb uas tau xa khoom me me siv kev pabcuam xa khoom yav dhau los yuav tsis paub tias kev xa khoom FCL rau kev lag luam xav kom tus neeg txais khoom muaj EORI raug cai. Lub kaw lus ATLAS yuav tsis lees txais daim ntawv tshaj tawm yog tias EORI tsis muaj lossis tsis raug cai. Lub thawv yuav tsum tos kom txog thaum qhov teeb meem raug kho.
Lub Bundeszollverwaltung saib xyuas kev sau npe EORI hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws txuas nrog lub tuam txhab tus lej cim VAT German (USt-ID). Cov txheej txheem yooj yim, tab sis nws siv sijhawm. Yog li, txhua lub lag luam uas xav coj FCL mus rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thawj zaug yuav tsum tau ua nws daim ntawv sau npe EORI ua ntej lub nkoj tawm mus, tsis yog thaum nws mus txog ntawd.
Yuam Kev 5: Yuam Kev Hauv Lub Tebchaws Keeb Kwm
Lub teb chaws keeb kwm ntawm Daim Ntawv Thauj Khoom, daim ntawv them nqi lag luam, thiab daim ntawv teev khoom yuav tsum zoo ib yam thiab raug. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog sau cov ntawv xwb. Keeb kwm txiav txim siab seb tus nqi se twg siv rau hauv EU ntau daim ntawv cog lus ua lag luam tshwj xeeb, seb puas muaj kev ntsuas tiv thaiv kev pov tseg, thiab seb cov khoom lag luam puas raug kev txwv tsis pub xa khoom tuaj. Tus nqi tiv thaiv kev pov tseg yog ntxiv rau tus nqi MFN ib txwm muaj rau cov khoom los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Qhov no siv rau ntau pawg khoom, suav nrog cov khoom siv av nplaum, cov khoom hlau, cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, tsheb kauj vab, thiab ntau ntxiv. Nws yog ib qho kev ua txhaum cai loj heev uas hais tias txhua yam tuaj ntawm lwm lub teb chaws kom tsis txhob muaj cov se no.
Tseem muaj teeb meem nyuaj dua: kev xa khoom thiab tsim khoom hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Yog tias ib yam khoom yog ua los ntawm cov khoom los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws thiab muab tso ua ke hauv Suav teb, cov cai rau kev xam seb nws los qhov twg (tshwj xeeb, kev hloov pauv loj heev raws li Union Customs Code) yuav tsum tau saib ze. Feem ntau cov khoom siv rau cov neeg siv khoom zoo nrog tsuas yog hais tias "Ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb" rau lawv yog tias lawv tau muab tso ua ke hauv Suav teb los ntawm cov khoom uas los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws. Tab sis rau qee hom khoom, xws li cov ntaub, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab tshuab, cov cai txog qhov chaw lawv los yog nruj dua thiab xav tau pov thawj.
Yuam Kev 6: Kev Tsis Ua Raws Cai rau Cov Khoom Tswj Xyuas
Lub teb chaws Yelemees yog ib feem ntawm EU lub lag luam ib leeg, uas txhais tau tias cov khoom lag luam tuaj rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yuav tsum ua raws li EU cov cai, tsis yog German xwb. Thaum xa cov thawv puv (FCL) los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj feem ntau suav nrog cov kev cai cim CE rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob, REACH ua raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb zaub mov raws li EU cov cai.
Muaj ntau yam khoom muag hauv EU yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj CE. Cov no suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom ua si, cov tshuab, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej, thiab ntau ntxiv. Yog tias lub thawv uas muaj cov khoom xav tau CE tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab, nws yuav tsis dhau qhov kev kuaj xyuas kev ua lag luam uas yuav tshwm sim hauv Hamburg. Lub thawv tuaj yeem raug coj mus, thiab tus neeg xa khoom yuav tsum xaiv ntawm kev xa rov qab, rhuav tshem nws, lossis kho qhov teeb meem. Tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv no ceev lossis pheej yig.
REACH (Kev Sau Npe, Kev Ntsuam Xyuas, Kev Tso Cai, thiab Kev Txwv Cov Tshuaj) siv rau txhua yam khoom uas muaj cov tshuaj uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb heev (SVHCs) ntau dhau ib qib. Tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yog tus saib xyuas kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom seem, thiab qee cov khoom siv rau cov neeg siv khoom ua tau raws li cov qauv REACH. Lawv yuav xav tau cov lus tshaj tawm los ntawm cov neeg muab khoom los ua pov thawj qhov no. Feem ntau, lub chaw nres nkoj tsis thov cov ntaub ntawv no rau txhua qhov kev xa khoom. Tab sis yog tias lawv thov nws, feem ntau thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem tawm mus kom txog thaum koj npaj txhij.
| yuam kev | Tus Ua Rau Tseem Ceeb | Kev ncua sij hawm | Kev tiv thaiv |
| Tus lej TARIC tsis raug | ATLAS auto-flag | 3-5 hnub | Kev tshuaj xyuas HS ua ntej xa khoom / kev txiav txim siab BTI |
| Cov lus piav qhia txog khoom tsis meej | Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ATLAS | 1-3 hnub | Cov lus piav qhia txog daim ntawv them nqi tshwj xeeb thiab raug |
| Kev tshaj tawm tus nqi se tsis txaus | Kev nug txog tus nqi los ntawm Zoll | 3–7 hnub + kev nplua | Tshaj tawm tag nrho tus nqi ntawm kev lag luam |
| EORI uas ploj lawm/tsis raug | Daim ntawv tshaj tawm raug tsis lees paub | 2-5 hnub | Sau npe EORI lub lis piam ua ntej xa khoom |
| Lub teb chaws keeb kwm yuam kev | Kev kuaj xyuas tiv thaiv kev pov tseg | 3–10 hnub + nqi ntxiv | Keeb kwm tseeb nrog cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa |
| Cov ntaub ntawv CE/REACH uas tsis muaj | Kev saib xyuas kev ua lag luam | 5-14 hnub | Npaj cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li kev cai ua ntej caij nkoj |
| Cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws | Kev kuaj xyuas tsis ua haujlwm hauv ATLAS | 2-5 hnub | Kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv ib qho los ntawm ib qho chaw |
Rooj 2: Cov teeb meem Zoll qeeb uas tshwm sim ntau zaus, cov kev cuam tshuam ib txwm muaj, thiab cov kev tiv thaiv
Lub ATLAS System: Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Paub Ua Tus Neeg Xa Khoom Tuaj
ATLAS (Automatisiertes Tarif- und Lokales Zollabwicklungs-System) yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb uas lub koom haum kev lis kev cai German siv los tswj cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev xa khoom tuaj, kev tshem tawm kev xa khoom tawm, cov txheej txheem kev thauj mus los, thiab kev tswj hwm cov chaw khaws khoom hauv tsev. ATLAS yog tib txoj kev los xa cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev xa khoom tuaj rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov software kev lis kev cai uas tau pom zoo los ua haujlwm nrog ATLAS, suav nrog DAKOSY, ZODIAK GE, lossis AEB. Tsis muaj kev xaiv ua ntawv rau kev xa khoom lag luam FCL.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm xa los ntawm ATLAS yuav tsum muaj tus lej EORI ntawm tus neeg xa khoom tuaj, cov lus piav qhia tag nrho ntawm cov khoom, tus lej TARIC 10-tus lej raug rau txhua kab khoom, tus nqi lis kev cai, lub tebchaws keeb kwm, qhov hnyav tag nrho thiab qhov hnyav tag nrho, thiab cov ntaub ntawv thauj khoom raug (Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Thauj Khoom, tus lej thawv). Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tau tshaj tawm hauv ATLAS thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov khoom lawv tus kheej qhia, kev tshuaj xyuas yuav pib. Lub kaw lus tau teeb tsa los siv cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas, yog li txhua daim ntawv - daim ntawv xa khoom lag luam, daim ntawv teev khoom, BL, thiab daim ntawv tshaj tawm ATLAS nws tus kheej - yuav tsum sib xws.
Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj uas ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg sawv cev lossis cov neeg ua lag luam hauv German yuav tsum paub tias tus neeg ua lag luam feem ntau sau daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws tsuas yog zoo li qhov tus neeg xa khoom muab. Yog tias daim ntawv them nqi lag luam uas lawv tau txais muaj cov lus piav qhia tsis meej thiab cov lej HS tsis raug, tus neeg ua lag luam uas muaj software zoo thiab ntau yam kev paub txog cov txheej txheem yuav tsis tuaj yeem xa daim ntawv qhia raug. Qhov zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai hauv German pib ntawm daim ntawv them nqi Hoobkas thiab cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm ua hauv Shenzhen.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Yuav Tsum Tau Rau FCL Clearance ntawm Hamburg
Kauj ruam thawj zaug kom tau txais kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai kom raug yog kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug. Lawv yuav tsum tau sau kom tiav, piav qhia cov khoom kom raug, thiab sib xws. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas xav tau rau kev xa khoom FCL ib txwm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj mus rau Hamburg yog daim ntawv them nqi lag luam, daim ntawv teev khoom, daim ntawv pov thawj xa khoom thawj (lossis kev lees paub telex), daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai ua los ntawm ATLAS, thiab pov thawj ntawm tus lej EORI ntawm tus neeg txais khoom. Rau cov khoom uas yuav tsum ua raws li ntau txoj cai, ntau cov ntaub ntawv raug ntxiv rau saum lub hauv paus no.
| Daim ntawv | Nws Yuav Tsum Muaj Dab Tsi | Qhov yuam kev |
| Kev Qhia Ua Lag Luam | Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg muag khoom/tus neeg yuav khoom, cov lus piav qhia txog cov khoom tag nrho, tus nqi ib yam khoom, tus nqi tag nrho, Incoterms, lub tebchaws keeb kwm | Cov lus piav qhia tsis meej, tus nqi tsis tseem ceeb |
| Daim Ntawv Sau | Kev rhuav tshem ntawm lub thawv/lub thawv, qhov hnyav tag nrho & qhov hnyav tag nrho, qhov ntev, tus lej ntawm cov pob khoom | Qhov hnyav sib txawv piv rau BL |
| Nqe ntawm Lading | Tus neeg xa khoom, tus neeg txais khoom, ceeb toom rau tog, cov ntaub ntawv chaw nres nkoj, lub thawv & tus lej foob | Ceeb toom tsis raug rau tus neeg lossis tus neeg tau txais khoom |
| Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ATLAS | EORI, 10-tus lej TARIC, tus nqi kev lis kev cai, keeb kwm, kev siv thauj mus los | TARIC tsis raug, EORI tsis muaj |
| Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Keeb Kwm | Lub teb chaws tsim khoom, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, daim ntawv pov thawj tso cai | Tsis yog los yog tsis muaj rau kev nyiam ua haujlwm |
| CE Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev Ua Raws | Cov qauv ua tau raws li, cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuab, cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog chaw tsim khoom | Tsis muaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob / khoom siv hluav taws xob |
| MSDS (rau tshuaj lom neeg) | Kev txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj, cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb, cov lus qhia txog kev ua raws li REACH | Tsis muaj rau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg |
Rooj 3: Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ua rau kev tshem tawm FCL ntawm Hamburg thiab cov yuam kev feem ntau
Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Keeb Kwm yog daim ntawv uas qee zaum tsis nco qab txog thaum xa khoom FCL los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sim kom tau txais tus nqi qis dua lossis thaum muaj se tiv thaiv kev pov tseg. Yog tias koj xav xa cov khoom txheem los ntawm Tuam Tshoj uas raug rau MFN tariffs, koj yuav xav tau Daim Ntawv A dav dav lossis daim ntawv pov thawj keeb kwm tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Yog tias cov khoom tau dhau los ntawm lub tebchaws nruab nrab, xws li thaj chaw lag luam dawb hauv Southeast Asia, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj nws keeb kwm yuav nyuaj dua thiab raug kuaj xyuas dua.
Cov Kev Cai Tiv Thaiv Kev Pov Tseg: Ib qho Kev Pheej Hmoo Tshwj Xeeb rau Tuam Tshoj-Keeb Kwm FCL Cargo
EU muaj ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kev pov tseg khoom uas nruj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab Tuam Tshoj yog lub tebchaws keeb kwm uas raug tsom mus rau ntau tshaj plaws. Txij li thaum ntxov xyoo 2026, EU muaj cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv kev pov tseg lossis kev tiv thaiv se rau ntau dua 100 hom khoom uas los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Cov no yog qee yam ntawm cov khoom: vuas ceramic, tsheb kauj vab thiab e-tsheb kauj vab, cov kav dej hlau thiab cov khoom siv, cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci thiab iav, rooj tog ntoo, cov khoom siv txuas, cov xov hluav taws xob fiber, thiab ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev lag luam.
Cov se tiv thaiv kev pov tseg raug ntxiv rau hauv cov se MFN ntshuam khoom ib txwm muaj thiab tuaj yeem siab heev, txij li ob peb feem pua mus rau ntau dua 80% ntawm tus nqi kev lis kev cai hauv qee kis. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, lawv yog cov tuam txhab tshwj xeeb, uas txhais tau tias tus nqi nyob ntawm lub tuam txhab Suav twg ua cov khoom, tsis yog hom khoom xwb. Qhov no txhais tau tias ntau tus neeg xa khoom tsis nco qab suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog: koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm qhia tau tias tus neeg xa khoom Suav twg ua cov khoom, thiab tus neeg xa khoom ntawd yuav tsum tau sau npe nrog EU rau tus nqi se raug. Thaum cov khoom los ntawm tus neeg xa khoom tsis tau sau npe hauv pawg tiv thaiv kev pov tseg, lawv tau txais tus nqi se siab tshaj plaws uas siv tau.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov neeg xa khoom FCL yog yooj yim tab sis nyuaj: ua ntej koj xaj, koj yuav tsum paub seb koj cov khoom puas raug rau cov cai tiv thaiv kev pov tseg ntawm EU. Yog tias tsim nyog, xyuas qhov xwm txheej sau npe ntawm tus neeg xa khoom mus rau cov kev ntsuas ntawd. Xyuas kom tseeb tias koj daim ntawv them nqi lag luam thiab pov thawj ntawm keeb kwm ua tau raws li Zoll cov kev cai rau cov pov thawj. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg Hamburg; nws yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv Suav teb thaum qhov kev txiav txim raug tso thiab qhov kev nrhiav khoom raug ua tiav.
Yuav ua li cas Topway Shipping txhawb nqa kev xa khoom FCL uas npaj txhij rau kev lis kev cai
Topway Shipping tau pib hauv Shenzhen xyoo 2010 thiab tau siv sijhawm ntau tshaj 15 xyoo kawm ntau yam txog kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai rau cov khoom tuaj ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Pab pawg tsim tau ua haujlwm ncaj qha nrog cov tub ceev xwm hauv cov tebchaws tseem ceeb. Lawv zoo tshwj xeeb ntawm kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv, xyuas kom meej tias HS codes raug, thiab sib koom tes ua raws li cov khoom nyuaj.
Topway Shipping txoj kev npaj pabcuam rau kev xa khoom FCL los ntawm Tuam Tshoj mus rau Hamburg daws cov teeb meem tib yam uas ua rau Zoll qeeb. Ua ntej lub nkoj tawm mus, lawv pab neeg xyuas seb cov ntawv xa khoom lag luam thiab cov npe ntim khoom puas sib xws nrog ATLAS. Lawv xyuas seb tus lej TARIC puas yog, tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov lus piav qhia, thiab tias cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa tiav thiab sib xws. Topway ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg xa khoom German tus neeg sawv cev kev lis kev cai kom paub tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li kev cai tag nrho npaj txhij ua ntej cov khoom thauj tuaj txog ntawm Hamburg davhlau ya nyob twg. Qhov no yog rau cov neeg siv khoom xa khoom tswj hwm xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas xav tau cov ntaub ntawv CE, cov tshuaj uas yuav tsum ua raws li REACH, lossis cov khoom uas raug rau EU kev ntsuas tiv thaiv kev pov tseg.
Ntxiv rau kev npaj rau kev lis kev cai, Topway Shipping muab ntau yam kev pabcuam logistics, suav nrog kev thauj mus los thawj zaug los ntawm lub Hoobkas mus rau chaw nres nkoj hauv Suav teb, kev teem caij thiab kev sib koom tes FCL thiab LCL kev thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv, txawv teb chaws. tsev khaws nyiaj ntawm qhov chaw mus, kev txhawb nqa kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai, thiab kev xa khoom mus txog qhov kawg hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Lub peev xwm kawg-rau-kawg no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntaub ntawv mus dhau ib qho txheej txheem sib koom tes es tsis txhob raug xa mus rau ntau tus neeg uas yuav tsis pom qhov tsis ua raws li txoj cai kom txog thaum lub thawv twb nyob hauv hiav txwv lawm.
Yog tias koj yog tus neeg xa khoom tuaj uas tau muaj teeb meem nrog Zoll qeeb yav dhau los thiab xav ua kom cov txheej txheem tshem tawm txhim khu kev qha dua, kev ua haujlwm nrog lub tuam txhab muaj kev paub zoo li Topway Shipping yuav muab rau koj ob qho tib si kev xa khoom thiab kev qhuab qhia cov ntaub ntawv uas koj xav tau kom paub tseeb tias kev tshem tawm ntawm Hamburg yeej ib txwm raws sijhawm.
Cov Kev Xyaum Zoo Tshaj Plaws los Tshem Tawm Kev Lis Kev Cai German yam tsis muaj kev ncua sijhawm
Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua tus neeg xa khoom FCL kom tsis txhob muaj kev ncua sij hawm ntawm Zoll yog xav txog kev npaj kev lis kev cai ua ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab kev txiav txim, tsis yog ua ib txoj haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej lossis tom qab xa khoom. Qhov no txhais tau tias kuaj xyuas cov lej TARIC thaum koj tau txais cov khoom, tsis yog tom qab koj tau txais daim ntawv them nqi. Nws suav nrog kev xyuas kom meej tias lub cim CE yog qhov tseeb thiab npaj cov ntaub ntawv kev ua haujlwm ua ntej cov khoom tsim tawm, tsis yog tom qab nws mus txog Hamburg. Qhov no txhais tau tias ua ib daim ntawv qauv rau txhua hom khoom uas tus neeg ua haujlwm lis kev cai saib ib zaug thiab tom qab ntawd siv tib txoj kev rau txhua qhov kev xa khoom tom qab ntawd.
Kev ntiav ib tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lis kev cai German uas muaj ntawv tso cai (Zollagent) ua ntej koj thawj zaug thauj khoom FCL yog ib qho kev txav ntse uas tau txiaj ntsig rau nws tus kheej thawj zaug nws tso tseg kev kuaj xyuas. Ib tus neeg ua haujlwm txawj ntse yuav saib xyuas koj cov khoom lag luam, taw qhia txog txhua qhov tsis meej ntawm HS code, muab cov lus qhia rau koj txog yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev pov tseg, thiab teeb tsa koj cov ntawv xa tawm ATLAS kom lawv tsis tshua muaj feem raug cim cia. Lawv kuj yuav tsum qhia rau koj yog tias koj cov khoom tsim nyog rau cov kev pab cuam txo se, xws li cov txheej txheem hauv tsev rau khoom, kev pab ua tiav sab hauv, lossis kev khaws cia hauv kev lis kev cai, uas tuaj yeem txo koj lub nra hnyav raws li txoj cai.
Tus neeg xa khoom sab Suav teb thiab tus neeg ua haujlwm lis kev cai sab Yelemes yuav tsum tau tham ua ntej lub nkoj tawm mus, tsis yog tom qab nws tuaj txog. Kev xa daim ntawv them nqi lag luam thiab daim ntawv teev khoom rau tus neeg ua haujlwm 5 txog 7 hnub ua ntej hnub kawg yuav ua rau lawv muaj sijhawm txaus los nrhiav teeb meem thiab thov kom hloov pauv ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv tiav. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov khoom tshiab, cov neeg xa khoom Suav teb tshiab, lossis txhua yam khoom xa tuaj uas muaj qee yam uas koj tsis tau coj tuaj rau hauv Yelemes ua ntej.
Thaum kawg, tsis muaj chaw rau kev sib tham thaum nws los txog rau kev sib xws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Daim ntawv xa khoom lag luam, daim ntawv teev khoom ntim khoom, Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Thauj Khoom, thiab daim ntawv tshaj tawm ATLAS yuav tsum muaj cov lus piav qhia txog cov khoom zoo ib yam, HS code, tus nqi, qhov hnyav, thiab qhov chaw keeb kwm. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem pib los ntawm kev hloov pauv ib zaug xwb, zoo li qhov hnyav uas phim daim ntawv teev khoom tab sis tsis yog BL, lossis tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv xa khoom uas tsis phim daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai. Feem ntau ntawm cov kev ua yuam kev sib xws no tau kho ua ntej lawv mus txog Hamburg los ntawm kev xyuas kom meej tias txhua daim ntawv los ntawm tib qhov chaw tseeb es tsis yog ua los ntawm ntau pab pawg.
xaus
Tus yeeb ncuab tsis yog cov neeg lis kev cai German. Lub Zoll ua yam uas cov neeg ua haujlwm lis kev cai thoob plaws ntiaj teb ua: xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom nkag los hauv lub tebchaws tau piav qhia kom raug, muaj nqis raug, ua raws li cov cai, thiab tau them se kom raug. Qhov kev ncua sij hawm uas cov neeg xa khoom tuaj ntsib feem ntau yog vim lawv cov ntaub ntawv tsis ua raws li cov qauv, tsis yog vim muaj kev yuam cai lossis kev tswj hwm tsis raws cai.
Qhov xov xwm zoo yog tias feem ntau Zoll qeeb yog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem zam tau. Nws tsis nyuaj rau kom tau txais HS codes kom raug, sau cov lus piav qhia txog cov khoom kom raug, tshaj tawm cov nqi kev lis kev cai kom raug, xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom tswj hwm ua raws li cov cai, thiab xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sib xws. Lawv xav tau kev qhuab ntuas, cov txuj ci tsim nyog, thiab lub kaw lus uas ua rau kev npaj kev lis kev cai yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj, tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas los tom qab nws.
Lub sijhawm 25 txog 33 hnub ntawm kev mus ncig hiav txwv tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm lub sijhawm rau cov neeg xa khoom FCL uas xa khoom los ntawm Shenzhen mus rau Hamburg. Yog tias koj ua tiav txoj haujlwm kom raug ua ntej lub nkoj tawm mus, koj tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov sijhawm lossis hnub uas ua raws li ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg Hamburg. Tsim cov txheej txheem upstream thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg koom tes zoo li Topway Shipping uas paub yuav ua li cas los tswj ob sab Suav teb thiab cov txheej txheem xa khoom tuaj ntawm German. Feem ntau ntawm koj qhov kev ntsib Zoll yuav siv sijhawm ntau teev, tsis yog hnub.
FAQ
Q: Lub sijhawm ntev npaum li cas ntawm kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai hauv German feem ntau siv sijhawm rau kev xa khoom FCL?
A: Kev ua ATLAS yuav siv sijhawm 1 txog 6 teev rau daim ntawv tshaj tawm huv si thiab npaj tau zoo. Txoj kab daj rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv 1 txog 3 hnub ua haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txog peb hnub rau kev tshuaj xyuas lub cev (txoj kab liab). Qee hom khoom tswj hwm, suav nrog zaub mov, tshuaj, lossis khoom siv hluav taws xob, yuav xav tau kev kuaj xyuas ntxiv los ntawm lub koom haum uas siv sijhawm ntev dua los tshem tawm.
Q: Lub kaw lus ATLAS yog dab tsi thiab kuv lub tuam txhab puas yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau nws ncaj qha?
A: ATLAS yog lub tshuab tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai hauv hluav taws xob rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Koj tsis tas yuav nkag mus rau nws ncaj qha ua tus neeg xa khoom tuaj. Koj tus neeg ua haujlwm lis kev cai German uas tau tso cai (Zollagent) ua ntaub ntawv rau koj siv cov software uas tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm ATLAS. Koj xav tau tus lej EORI raug cai thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas raug cai kom tus neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem xa daim ntawv tshaj tawm raug.
Q: Cov lej HS tsis raug puas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nplua nyiaj txiag hauv lub tebchaws Yelemees?
A: Yog. Yog tias koj ua yuam kev txhob txwm, koj yuav tsum tau them txog li €12,000 rau txhua yam khoom uas raug cais tsis raug, ntxiv rau txhua yam se uas tsis tau them. Koj qhov kev pheej hmoo ATLAS kuj raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov teeb meem rov ua dua, uas txhais tau tias cov khoom xa tuaj yav tom ntej yuav raug tshuaj xyuas ntau zaus dua.
Q: Cov khoom lag luam Suav twg ntsib EU cov se tiv thaiv kev pov tseg thaum xa tuaj rau hauv Hamburg?
A: EU muaj cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv kev pov tseg rau ntau tshaj 100 hom khoom los ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Cov no suav nrog cov vuas ceramic, e-tsheb kauj vab, cov khoom hlau, cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, rooj tog ntoo, cov khoom siv khi, thiab ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg. Tus nqi nyob ntawm cov khoom thiab lub tuam txhab Suav uas ua nws. Ua ntej coj cov khoom tshiab, ib txwm xyuas EU lub ntaub ntawv TARIC lossis tham nrog tus neeg ua haujlwm lis kev cai.
Q: Kuv yuav tsum ua li cas yog tias kuv lub thawv FCL raug Zoll tuav ntawm Hamburg?
A: Hu rau koj tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv German tam sim ntawd. Nrhiav seb daim ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv twg tsis txaus thiab xa nws sai li sai tau. Yog tias koj tsis paub yuav ua li cas nrog Zoll ncaj qha, tsis txhob sim ua li ntawd yam tsis muaj koj tus neeg ua haujlwm. Cov nqi demurrage ntawm lub tshav dav hlau pheej nce ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm tuav, yog li koj teb sai npaum li cas cuam tshuam rau ntau npaum li cas koj yuav tsum them.
