Chaw nres nkoj Tianjin mus rau Bergen: Kev Ua Raws Cai ntawm Kev Xa Khoom Tawm ntawm Lub Hnub Ci Vaj Huam Sib Luag
Introduction
Lub ntiaj teb lub zog hnub ci kev lag luam tab tom nthuav dav. Tuam Tshoj Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lis Kev Cai tau hais tias xyoo 2024 tias Tuam Tshoj cov khoom xa tawm hnub ci tau tshaj $ 200 billion rau plaub xyoos sib law liag, thaum cov khoom xa tawm hnub ci cell tau nce siab 73% hauv xyoo 2025. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej no, Norway, lub teb chaws uas muaj ib lub hom phiaj hluav taws xob huv tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, tau dhau los ua qhov chaw zoo rau cov neeg tsim khoom photovoltaic (PV) Suav teb nrhiav kev loj hlob sab nraum cov lag luam uas muaj roj ntau.
Hauv kev xa khoom, kev xa khoom ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci los ntawm chaw nres nkoj Tianjin mus rau Bergen, lub nroog thib ob loj tshaj plaws hauv Norway thiab chaw nres nkoj tseem ceeb sab hnub poob, tab tom pheej yig dua. Tab sis ntau tus neeg xa khoom tsis nkag siab txog qhov nyuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tsiv lub thawv los ntawm Tianjin mus rau qhov chaw khaws khoom ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom Norwegian. Cov teeb meem feem ntau - thiab kim - ntawm txoj kev lag luam no yog qhov yuam kev faib tawm xa khoom, qhov sib txawv hauv daim ntawv pov thawj, cov nqi lis kev cai tsis raug thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis tiav.
Phau ntawv qhia no yog rau cov thawj coj thauj khoom, cov lag luam lag luam thiab cov chaw tsim khoom vaj huam sib luag hnub ci uas xav tau kev nkag siab txog txoj kev Tianjin-Bergen thawj zaug, lossis kom ua kom lawv cov txheej txheem ua raws li txoj cai ntawm ib txoj kev uas twb muaj lawm nruj dua. Nws suav nrog kev faib tawm HS code, cov txheej txheem xa tawm ntawm Suav teb, cov cai lij choj ntawm Norway, cov luag haujlwm VAT thiab yuav ua li cas xaiv tus khub logistics zoo tshaj plaws rau txoj kev no.
Vim li cas thiaj yog Norway thiab vim li cas thiaj yog Bergen?
Txawm hais tias tsis yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm EU, Norway yog ib feem ntawm European Economic Area (EEA) thiab muaj cov cai zoo ib yam li cov ntawm EU, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab. Lub teb chaws muaj lub hom phiaj siab rau kev tsim lub peev xwm hnub ci PV, thiab nws tsoomfwv txhawb nqa kev saws txais, los ntawm kev pab nyiaj thiab cov kev cai lij choj zoo rau kev sib txuas lus hauv grid. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev thov tas mus li thiab loj hlob rau cov modules hnub ci los ntawm txawv teb chaws.
Bergen yog lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv thaj av sab hnub poob hiav txwv freight los ntawm Es Xias teb chaws hauv tebchaws Norway. Cov kab xa khoom loj ntawm txoj kev North Sea txhua tus hu rau Bergen thiab muaj kev sib txuas ntawm txoj kev thiab tsheb ciav hlau mus rau Oslo. Piv txwv li, cov neeg tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub ci hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, tuaj yeem txo lub sijhawm xa khoom los ntawm hnub los ntawm kev tau txais cov khoom siv hauv Bergen es tsis txhob xa lawv los ntawm Oslo, cov neeg yuav khoom hauv sab hnub poob Norway hais.
Cov neeg xa khoom tawm hauv Tianjin, yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj loj tshaj plaws hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Suav teb, tuaj yeem xaiv cov kev pabcuam hla dej tob mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj hauv European xws li Rotterdam, Hamburg thiab Antwerp, qhov chaw uas cov nkoj thauj khoom tuaj txog ntawm Bergen. Lub sijhawm thauj khoom sib txawv raws li kev xaiv kev pabcuam thiab kev sib txuas ntawm chaw nres nkoj tab sis feem ntau yog 30 txog 40 hnub.
Kev Faib Pawg thiab HS Codes: Tau Txais Txoj Cai Txij Thaum Pib
Kev faib tawm cov khoom kom raug yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev xa tawm zoo. Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci xa tawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj feem ntau raug faib ua pawg raws li HS heading 85.41, uas suav nrog cov khoom siv semiconductor photosensitive, suav nrog cov hlwb photovoltaic. Cov npe me me tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau xyoo 2025 yog:
| khoom hom | Tuam Tshoj xa tawm HS Code | Hauj lwm |
| Cov PV modules / panels sib dhos ua ke | 8541430000 | Cov hlwb photovoltaic sib sau ua ke rau hauv modules lossis panels |
| Cov hlwb PV uas tsis tau sib dhos ua ke | 8541420000 | Cov hlwb photovoltaic, tseem tsis tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov modules |
| Cov inverters PV (static converters) | 8504400000 | Cov inverters hnub ci / cov hloov hluav taws xob |
| Cov qauv mounting (hlau / hlau) | 7308900000 | Cov txheej txheem mounting hnub ci, cov khoom siv knock-down tiav |
Qhov hloov tshiab tseem ceeb xyoo 2024: Tuam Tshoj txiav tus nqi VAT rov qab rau cov khoom siv hnub ci (HS 8541.40/8541.43) ntawm 13% mus rau 9%, pib txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 2024. Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau cov qauv nqi tom qab rov qab rau cov neeg xa khoom Suav teb thiab yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xam cov nqi thiab cov nyiaj tau los rau kev hais cov nqi CIF Bergen.
Thaum nws los txog rau kev xa khoom mus rau Norway, cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci tau muab faib ua pawg nrog 8-tus lej khoom lag luam, ua raws li Norway's Customs Tariff, uas sib haum nrog lub kaw lus HS thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov tseem ceeb, Norway tsis siv cov se rau cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci - lawv tsis suav nrog hauv cov pawg (khoom noj lossis ntaub) uas Norway cov se rau kev lis kev cai raug yuam. Txawm li cas los xij muaj VAT them ntawm 25% ntawm CIF tus nqi ntawm txhua qhov kev xa khoom, piv txwv li tus nqi ntxiv rau kev pov hwm ntxiv rau kev thauj khoom. VAT no yuav tsum tau them rau kev xa khoom tshwj tsis yog tias muaj kev npaj them nyiaj qeeb. Kev faib cov khoom tsis raug kom tsis txhob muaj VAT yog kev ua txhaum cai hauv Norway thiab tej zaum yuav ua rau muaj kev tshuaj xyuas, nplua txog NOK 15,000, thiab kev txeeb khoom.
3. Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Yuav Tsum Muaj Rau Kev Lag Luam Norwegian
Norway txoj kev ua raws li EU cov qauv rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom txhais tau tias cov neeg xa khoom ntawm Suav teb lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tau txais cov ntawv pov thawj tib yam li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam EU. Cov no tsis yog xaiv tau: cov vaj huam sib luag uas tsis muaj cov cim tsim nyog yuav tsis dhau Norwegian kev lis kev cai thiab yuav tsis raug muag lossis teeb tsa raws li txoj cai hauv Norway.
3.1 Kev Cim CE
Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci uas nkag mus rau EEA (suav nrog Norway) xav tau daim ntawv lo CE. Nws qhia tau tias cov khoom ua raws li cov lus qhia European - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Low Voltage Directive (LVD) thiab Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive. Yuav kom txuas tau daim ntawv cim CE, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua raws cai. Nrog cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, qhov no feem ntau yog ua los ntawm lub koom haum sau npe ua qhov kev sim thib peb. Tus neeg tsim khoom lossis lawv tus neeg sawv cev EU uas tau tso cai yuav tsum muaj Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm CE ntawm Kev Ua Raws Cai (DoC) thiab yuav tsum muab rau cov neeg tswj hwm thaum thov.
3.2 IEC 61215 thiab IEC 61730
Ob tus qauv IEC no yog cov ntaub ntawv siv thoob ntiaj teb rau qhov zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm PV modules. IEC 61215 siv rau daim ntawv pov thawj tsim thiab hom kev pom zoo ntawm terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - nws xav kom cov vaj huam sib luag dhau qhov tsawg kawg 19 qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ntxhov siab ib puag ncig uas tsim los simulate ntau xyoo ntawm kev siv sab nraum zoov. IEC 61730 yog qhov kev tsim nyog kev nyab xeeb ntawm module, thiab npog cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob, tshuab thiab hluav taws. Hauv Tebchaws Europe lawv hu ua EN IEC 61215 thiab EN IEC 61730. Daim ntawv pov thawj feem ntau yog ua tiav los ntawm cov chaw kuaj mob uas tau lees paub, piv txwv li TÜV Rheinland, TÜV SÜD, Bureau Veritas lossis SGS. Qhov twg lub tuam txhab tau npaj txaus, kev hloov pauv daim ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem luv li plaub lub hlis.
Tsis ntev los no Australia tau tsiv mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li IEC 61215: 2021 (xyoo 2021) rau txhua qhov kev teeb tsa tshiab. Txawm hais tias Norway tseem tsis tau tso tawm tib qho kev hloov tshiab, cov neeg xa khoom yuav tsum paub tseeb tias lawv cov vaj huam sib luag phim xyoo 2021 ntawm tus qauv kom yav tom ntej lawv daim ntawv pov thawj thiab zam teeb meem hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib qhov project.
REACH thiab RoHS Ua Raws Cai
Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci uas ua lag luam hauv EEA lub teb chaws, suav nrog Norway, raug them los ntawm EU txoj cai REACH (Kev Sau Npe, Kev Ntsuam Xyuas, Kev Tso Cai thiab Kev Txwv Tsis Pub Siv Tshuaj) thiab RoHS Directive (Kev Txwv Tsis Pub Siv Cov Tshuaj Phom Sij). Cov neeg xa khoom tawm yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub siv, xws li cov hlau lead, cadmium, mercury thiab qee cov phthalates, tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov concentration siab dua li tso cai. Cov neeg xa khoom Norwegian lossis cov tub ceev xwm kev lis kev cai yuav xav tau cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tshuaj uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb.
| Ntawv pov thawj / Standard | Yuav tsum tau ua li cas rau Norway? | Lub Koom Haum Tshaj Tawm / Txheeb Xyuas |
| CE Mark (LVD + EMC Cov Lus Qhia) | Yog | Lub koom haum lossis chaw tsim khoom tau tshaj tawm tus kheej |
| IEC 61215: 2021 (Kev Tsim Qauv Tsim) | Yog (EEA tus qauv) | TÜV, Bureau Veritas, SGS, thiab lwm yam. |
| IEC 61730 (Kev Tsim Nyog Kev Nyab Xeeb) | Yog (EEA tus qauv) | TÜV, Bureau Veritas, SGS, thiab lwm yam. |
| REACH Ua Raws Cai | Yog | Daim ntawv tshaj tawm sab hauv / kev tshaj tawm SVHC |
| RoHS Ua Raws | Yog | Kev kuaj sab hauv / kev tshaj tawm |
| ISO 9001 (Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo) | pom zoo | Lub koom haum pov thawj thib peb |
Cov Txheej Txheem Xa Khoom Tawm Suav Teb Los Ntawm Tianjin
Yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem tswj kev xa khoom tawm hauv Suav teb thiab cov txheej txheem tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai yog tias cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci raug xa tawm ntawm Tianjin. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog:
Ua ntej, tus neeg xa khoom tawm yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom tsis raug cai rau daim ntawv tso cai xa khoom tawm. Cov modules photovoltaic uas sawv cev ib leeg feem ntau tsis raug tswj hwm daim ntawv tso cai xa khoom tawm raws li Tuam Tshoj Daim Ntawv Teev Khoom Siv Tswj Xyuas Daim Ntawv Tso Cai Xa Khoom Tawm (2025 tsab). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov twg cov khoom xa tuaj cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv khaws cia hluav taws xob - feem ntau yog cov roj teeb lithium-ion - yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntxiv rau cov ntawv teev npe tam sim no, vim tias kev tswj hwm daim ntawv tso cai yuav siv rau kev xa khoom roj teeb.
Qhov thib ob, daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai xa tawm yuav tsum tau ua kom raug los ntawm Tuam Tshoj lub GACC electronic declaration system. Tus lej HS (8541430000 rau cov modules sib dhos) yog ib qho tseem ceeb, nrog rau qhov ntau thiab qhov ntsuas, tus nqi FOB lossis CIF tshaj tawm, lub tebchaws ntawm qhov chaw mus (Norway) thiab kev siv zaum kawg ntawm cov khoom. "GACC kev tshuaj xyuas yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov yuam kev ntawm kev ntsuas tus nqi qis, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev them se rov qab thiab nplua."
Qhov thib peb, cov neeg xa khoom tawm yuav tsum muaj peev xwm muab Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Keeb Kwm Suav (CO) tiag tiag yog tias tus neeg siv khoom thov. Tsis muaj kev pom zoo ua lag luam dawb ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Norway uas yuav muab cov nqi se rau cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci (Norway tsis them se rau cov vaj huam sib luag, tsis hais qhov chaw los qhov twg), txawm hais tias qee tus neeg siv khoom Norway xav tau CO rau kev ua raws li kev yuav khoom sab hauv lossis lub hom phiaj nyiaj txiag los ntawm kev xa khoom tuaj.
Thaum kawg, cov neeg xa khoom tawm yuav tsum paub txog cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem xav tau rau cov khoom phom sij lossis cov khoom loj ntawm Tianjin Chaw nres nkoj nws tus kheej. Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, txawm tias monocrystalline lossis polycrystalline, feem ntau tsis raug cais ua cov khoom phom sij thiab tuaj yeem nqa tau raws li cov khoom thauj dav dav. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov khoom xa tawm PV system suav nrog roj teeb lossis cov tshuaj reagents xav tau cov ntawv tshaj tawm cov khoom phom sij.
Kev Lis Kev Cai hauv Norwegian: Yuav Tsum Tau Txais Dab Tsi ntawm Bergen
Norway muaj lub tshuab ua ntej tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai digital hu ua Digitoll, uas yuav tsum tau ua txij li lub Plaub Hlis 2025. Digitoll yuam kom txhua tus neeg xa khoom lag luam xa cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai hauv hluav taws xob, suav nrog cov lej HS raug, tus nqi CIF thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus neeg txais khoom, ua ntej cov khoom tuaj txog ntawm chaw nres nkoj. Nws tau txo lub sijhawm tshem tawm rau cov khoom ua raws li txoj cai (feem ntau mus rau 24 teev), tab sis nws kuj txhais tau tias cov teeb meem sau ntawv uas tej zaum yuav tau khaws thiab kho ntawm ciam teb tam sim no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tuav thiab kev tshuaj xyuas tsis siv neeg ua ntej lub nkoj tuaj txog.
Lub koom haum Norwegian Customs (Tolletaten) xam tus nqi VAT ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj raws li tus nqi CIF ntawm cov khoom thauj - tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj ntxiv rau cov nqi thauj khoom ntxiv rau kev pov hwm. Tus nqi VAT tus qauv yog 25% thiab yuav tsum tau them rau kev xa khoom tuaj, tshwj tsis yog tias tus neeg xa khoom tuaj nyob rau ntawm kev npaj them nyiaj ncua. Rau kev xa khoom loj ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci nrog tus nqi CIF ntawm, piv txwv li, NOK 2,000,000, lub luag haujlwm VAT yuav yog NOK 500,000. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum npaj lawv cov nyiaj ntws kom zoo, lossis npaj rau kev ncua VAT los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev kev lis kev cai.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xa tuaj rau cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci los ntawm Tianjin mus rau Bergen:
| Daim ntawv | lub hom phiaj | Tawm los ntawm |
| Kev Qhia Ua Lag Luam | Qhia txog tus nqi CIF/FOB, cov lus qhia txog khoom, tus neeg yuav khoom/tus neeg muag khoom | Suav exporter |
| Daim Ntawv Sau | Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, qhov ntev, qhov hnyav tag nrho / qhov hnyav, cov lej serial | Suav exporter |
| Bill ntawm Lading (B/L) | Daim ntawv pov thawj rau kev xa khoom hiav txwv | Txoj kab xa khoom / tus neeg xa khoom |
| Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Keeb Kwm | Kev lees paub tias cov khoom yog los ntawm Suav teb tsim khoom | Pawg Sab Laj Txhawb Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj (CCPIT) |
| CE Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev Ua Raws | Pom zoo tias cov khoom lag luam ua raws li EU/EEA | Chaw Tsim Khoom / Tus Neeg Sawv Cev Tau Tso Cai |
| Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj IEC (61215 / 61730) | Cov pov thawj ntawm PV module zoo thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb | Chaw kuaj mob uas tau txais kev lees paub |
| Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Nkag Tebchaws (Digitoll) | Daim ntawv tshaj tawm digital ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm Norway | Tus neeg xa khoom tuaj lossis tus neeg ua lag luam kev lis kev cai uas tau tso cai |
Ib qho kev lis kev cai ntawm Norway uas nthuav: cov khoom xa tawm ntawm Tuam Tshoj yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm txawm tias lawv hla dhau EU chaw nres nkoj. Kev thauj mus los ntawm Rotterdam lossis Hamburg tsis yog EU ntshuam Cov khoom raug xa mus rau Norway ua cov khoom tsis yog EU thiab raug rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev lis kev cai ntawm Norway. Qhov no yog ib qho kev nkag siab yuam kev rau cov neeg xa khoom uas muaj kev paub ntau dua nrog kev xa khoom hauv EU.
Incoterms thiab Kev Faib Nyiaj Lub Luag Haujlwm
Kev xaiv Incoterms tsim nyog rau kev xa khoom los ntawm Tianjin mus rau Bergen tsis yog tsuas yog kev cai lij choj xwb, nws txiav txim siab leej twg them rau kev thauj khoom, kev pov hwm, kev lis kev cai xa tawm hauv Suav teb, kev lis kev cai xa khoom hauv Norway, thiab kev xa khoom mus rau qhov chaw kawg ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. CIF (Tus nqi, Kev pov hwm thiab Kev Thauj Khoom) thiab DAP (Xa Khoom Ntawm Qhov Chaw) yog Incoterms feem ntau siv rau ntawm txoj kab no.
Raws li CIF Bergen, tus neeg xa khoom Suav teb yuav tsum tau sau npe rau lub nkoj thiab them tus nqi thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv rau Bergen thiab npaj kev pov hwm kev caij nkoj tsawg kawg nkaus. Qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum dhau mus rau tus neeg yuav khoom thaum cov khoom raug muab tso rau ntawm lub nkoj hauv Tianjin. Qhov no txhais tau tias tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau txais kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev poob lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm caij nkoj hauv dej hiav txwv, txawm tias tus neeg muag khoom them tus nqi thauj khoom. Cov se ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm Norway tsis suav nrog hauv CIF Bergen (uas yog qhov tseem ceeb). Tus neeg siv khoom them VAT ntawm Norwegian, cov nqi (xoom hauv qhov no) thiab kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai.
DAP Bergen lub tsev rau khoom (lossis DAP tus neeg yuav khoom lub tsev) Tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum ris txhua tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo kom txog thaum cov khoom tau tuaj txog ntawm qhov chaw tau pom zoo hauv Bergen, npaj txhij rau kev xa tawm. Kev lis kev cai ntshuam khoom thiab VAT yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. Cov neeg yuav khoom Norwegian uas tab tom nrhiav kev lees paub tus nqi thiab cov uas tsis xav daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai lawv tus kheej tab tom xaiv DAP ntau dua.
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) Bergen yog tus neeg muag khoom txoj kev xaiv kim tshaj plaws, suav nrog txhua tus nqi, suav nrog Norwegian VAT thiab kev lis kev cai ntshuam khoom. Txawm hais tias DDP nyiam cov neeg yuav khoom, tus neeg xa khoom Suav teb yuav tsum sau npe ua tus them VAT hauv Norway lossis koom tes nrog lub tuam txhab logistics uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau Norwegian kev lis kev cai ntawm lawv tus kheej. Qhov no ua tau, tab sis kim heev thiab nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm.
Kev Thauj Khoom Hauv Dej Hiav Txwv: Tianjin mus rau Bergen
Tsis muaj kev pabcuam thauj khoom ncaj qha los ntawm Tianjin mus rau Bergen. Txoj kev ib txwm yog lub nkoj loj los ntawm Tianjin (lossis chaw nres nkoj ze ntawm Xingang / Tianjin Xingang) mus rau lub chaw nres nkoj Northern European - feem ntau yog Rotterdam (Lub Tebchaws Netherlands), Hamburg (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees) lossis Antwerp (Belgium) - tom qab ntawd yog lub nkoj luv luv lossis kev pabcuam thauj khoom mus rau Bergen. Lub sijhawm thauj khoom feem ntau yog 30 txog 40 hnub txij li hnub tawm mus txog thaum tuaj txog hauv Bergen, nyob ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj hub, zaus thauj khoom thiab huab cua ntawm North Sea.
Cov neeg xa khoom tawm yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ncua sijhawm xa khoom ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj hauv European, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij siab tshaj plaws (Cuaj hlis txog Kaum Ib Hlis) thaum cov thawv ntim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj nyob rau ntawm lawv qhov siab tshaj plaws ua ntej lub voj voog yuav khoom hnub so European. Lub tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub sijhawm teem tseg yog ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg xa khoom uas muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg thauj khoom loj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm xa khoom North Sea.
Hom thawv yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb rau cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci. Cov thawv qhuav txheem 20-foot thiab 40-foot yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau feem ntau cov khoom xa tuaj ntawm vaj huam sib luag. Cov thawv High-cube (HC) feem ntau siv thaum qhov loj ntawm vaj huam sib luag ua rau kev teeb tsa nyuaj, lossis thaum tus neeg yuav khoom xav kom muaj peev xwm ntau tshaj plaws rau ib lub thawv kom txo tus nqi thauj khoom ib watt. Qee tus neeg xa khoom xa tawm siv cov thawv 40HQ (40-foot high-cube), thauj cov vaj huam sib luag rau hauv cov ntoo lossis pallets uas tsim tshwj xeeb kom txo qhov muaj feem puas tsuaj.
| Txoj Kev Segment | hom | Kwv yees Transit | Cov Neeg Nqa Khoom Tseem Ceeb / Cov Kev Xaiv |
| Tianjin → Rotterdam / Hamburg | Thawv thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv tob (FCL/LCL) | 25-32 hnub | COSCO, MSC, Maersk, Evergreen |
| Rotterdam / Hamburg → Bergen | Cov khoom noj hiav txwv luv luv | 3-5 hnub | Samskip, DFDS, Unifeeder |
| Chaw nres nkoj Bergen → Kev xa khoom zaum kawg | Kev tsheb thauj khoom | 1-2 hnub | Cov neeg thauj khoom hauv zos Norwegian |
| Tag nrho qhov rooj-rau-qhov rooj (kwv yees li) | multimodal | 30-40 hnub | Nws txawv ntawm kev pabcuam |
FCL piv rau LCL: Xaiv Hom Thauj Khoom Zoo
Rau cov khoom xa tuaj loj ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, xws li ib lossis ntau lub thawv tiav ntawm 300-400W vaj huam sib luag, FCL (Thawv Thauj Khoom tiav) kev thauj mus los feem ntau yog tus nqi zoo dua rau ib chav thiab muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau cov khoom thauj, vim tias lub thawv tau kaw ntawm lub Hoobkas thiab tsis qhib kom txog thaum nws tuaj txog ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom. FCL kuj ua rau daim ntawv them nqi yooj yim dua thiab tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis kev sib xyaw nrog cov khoom thauj uas yuav tshwm sim nrog kev sib sau ua ke.
Kev xa khoom LCL lossis tsawg dua-Thawv-Thauj yog koj qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog tias koj muaj cov khoom xa tuaj me me, xws li kev txiav txim qauv, thawj pawg sim lossis ib feem ntawm kev ua tiav uas tsis puv lub thawv. Kev sib sau ua ke LCL muab ntau qhov chaw tuav thiab xav kom cov khoom raug ntim rau qib siab dua kom nyiaj tau los ntawm kev thauj khoom nrog lwm cov khoom thauj. Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci yuav raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev siab lossis dej noo, yog li ib txwm siv cov ntoo tawv thiab kev tiv thaiv ces kaum rau cov khoom xa tuaj LCL.
Muaj ib qho uas feem ntau tsis nco qab yog lub sijhawm txiav tawm hauv chaw nres nkoj Tianjin. Cov sijhawm txiav tawm ntawm LCL feem ntau yog 5-7 hnub ua ntej hnub caij nkoj. Lub sijhawm kawg ntawm FCL nkag feem ntau yog 2-3 hnub ua ntej caij nkoj. Yog tsis muaj cov sijhawm no txhais tau tias cov khoom xa tuaj yuav dov mus rau lub nkoj tom ntej thiab ntxiv 7-14 hnub rau tag nrho lub sijhawm mus ncig. Cov neeg xa khoom tawm yuav tsum tso cai rau lub sijhawm buffer hauv lawv cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom thiab ntim khoom kom txo qis kev maj nrawm thaum kawg.
Topway Shipping txhawb nqa Tianjin-Bergen Lane li cas
Topway Shipping, tau tsim muaj xyoo 2010, yog ib lub tuam txhab muab kev pabcuam logistics hla ciam teb nyob hauv Shenzhen, Suav teb. Pab neeg tsim tsa muaj ntau tshaj 15 xyoo ntawm kev txawj ntse hauv kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai. Thaum Topway Shipping qhov kev txawj ntse tseem ceeb yog nyob hauv Suav teb-Tebchaws Meskas Hais txog kev thauj mus los, lub tuam txhab kuj tau tsim kom muaj kev pabcuam logistics dav dav ncaj qha mus rau ntawm txoj kev lag luam Suav-Norway.
Topway Shipping muaj cov kev pabcuam dav dav uas suav nrog tag nrho cov saw hlau logistics, suav nrog kev thauj mus los thawj zaug los ntawm lub Hoobkas lossis tsev rau khoom mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm kev thauj khoom (suav nrog Tianjin), kev sau npe thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv hauv ob qho tib si FCL thiab LCL teeb tsa, kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai xa tawm hauv Suav teb, cargo insurance kev npaj, thiab kev xa khoom kawg ntawm qhov chaw mus. Topway Shipping kuj tseem yuav yog qhov chaw ntawm hu rau rau cov neeg xa khoom xa tawm uas xa cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci mus rau Bergen thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom tag nrho, tso cov neeg xa khoom tawm ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg sawv cev thauj khoom sib txawv, cov kab xa khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm lis kev cai ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Topway muaj peev xwm zoo heev hauv kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev xa khoom mus rau Suav teb. Kev tshaj tawm cov lej HS raug, kev tsim nyog tau txais nyiaj rov qab los ntawm kev xa khoom, thiab kev ua raws li GACC cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev rov qab tau tus nqi thiab kev ceev ntawm kev tshem tawm. Nrog rau lub tuam txhab txoj kev paub hauv kev lag luam e-lag luam hla ciam teb, nws kuj paub txog cov txheej txheem VAT xa khoom mus rau lub tebchaws - tseem ceeb rau cov neeg yuav khoom Norwegian uas xav tau DDP lossis pab nrhiav kev cai ua ntej tshaj tawm Digitoll.
Topway Shipping muab cov kev xaiv thauj khoom hiav txwv yooj ywm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov chaw nres nkoj loj xws li Tianjin, Shanghai, Ningbo thiab Shenzhen mus rau Bergen thiab lwm qhov chaw nres nkoj Norwegian rau cov neeg xa khoom tshiab rau kev ua lag luam Norway, lossis cov neeg xav kom lawv cov khoom xa tuaj rau hnub ci vaj huam sib luag mus rau Scandinavia.
Cov Yuam Kev Ua Raws Cai Feem Ntau Thiab Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Tsis Txhob Ua Li Ntawd
Cov kws tshaj lij thauj khoom uas tau ua haujlwm nrog cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci xa tawm ntawm txoj kev Tuam Tshoj - Tebchaws Europe tau ntau xyoo pom tias cov hom kev ua yuam kev zoo li qub tshwm sim dua tom qab lub sijhawm. Thawj qhov thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog HS code misclassification. Piv txwv li, kev sau npe tsis raug ntawm lub module sib dhos nrog cov lej rau lub cell tsis sib dhos tuaj yeem ua rau rov kuaj xyuas dua, rov suav cov se thiab nplua ntawm theem xa tawm Tuam Tshoj thiab theem xa khoom Norwegian. Ib txwm paub meej HS code 8-lej rau koj cov khoom ib tus zuj zus nrog koj tus neeg ua haujlwm kev lis kev cai ua ntej thawj zaug xa khoom.
Qhov yuam kev thib ob yog kev tsis suav tus nqi ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj rau ntawm daim ntawv them nqi lag luam. Qee tus neeg xa khoom tawm sim ua kom tus nqi se qis, yog li lawv them VAT Norwegian tsawg dua. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ua txhaum cai xwb, tab sis kuj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntau ntxiv. Tolletaten siv cov ntaub ntawv teev tus nqi thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov kev lag luam los txheeb xyuas cov khoom xa tuaj uas tus nqi tau hais tsis sib xws nrog tus nqi ua lag luam rau pawg. Yog tias pom, tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav raug them rov qab VAT, ntxiv rau kev nplua thiab cov khoom xa tuaj tom qab ntawm tus neeg xa khoom yuav raug txheeb xyuas kom kuaj xyuas ntxiv.
Qhov teeb meem thib peb yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj. Qee zaum cov neeg xa khoom ntseeg tias lub cim CE rau ib yam khoom suav nrog txhua yam khoom uas lawv xa tawm. Qhov tseeb, kev hloov pauv rau lub zog ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag, suav lub xov tooj ntawm tes lossis qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem xav tau kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua raws li txoj cai tshiab. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv Norway thiab cov neeg saib xyuas kev lag luam ua qhov kev kuaj xyuas qhov chaw thiab cov vaj huam sib luag uas pom tias tsis muaj daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog tuaj yeem raug txeeb thiab rhuav tshem.
Ntau tus neeg xa khoom tawm kuj tsis quav ntsej txog qhov yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm ua ntej tuaj txog ntawm Digitoll, uas tau tsim nyog rau lub Plaub Hlis 2025. Tab sis kev tshaj tawm digital tsis raug lossis tsis tiav (txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog nyob hauv lub thawv) yuav ua rau cov khoom xa tuaj raug khaws cia ntawm chaw nres nkoj Bergen kom txog thaum qhov sib txawv raug daws. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los lav qhov kev tshem tawm zoo yog ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg ua haujlwm Norwegian uas tsim nyog uas koom ua ke nrog Digitoll system.
xaus
Cov se 0% ntawm cov hnub ci modules ua ke nrog ib puag ncig kev cai lij choj zoo hauv Norway, uas pom kev thov ntau ntxiv rau PV, ua rau kev xa tawm ntawm cov hnub ci panels los ntawm Tianjin mus rau Bergen yog qhov kev cia siab rau kev lag luam. Tab sis kev vam meej hauv txoj kab no xav tau kev saib xyuas zoo rau kev faib tawm kev xa tawm, kev tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai Suav teb kom raug, daim ntawv pov thawj khoom EEA thiab kev ua raws li kev xa khoom ntawm Norwegian - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog Digitoll ua ntej kev tshaj tawm txoj cai yuav pib siv rau xyoo 2025.
Cov neeg xa khoom zoo tshaj plaws hauv txoj kev lag luam hnub ci ntawm Tuam Tshoj-Norway yog cov neeg xa khoom uas siv sijhawm thiab lub zog los tau txais lawv cov lej HS thaum pib, tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj CE thiab IEC ua ntej xa khoom thawj zaug, xaiv Incoterms uas haum rau lawv qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg koom tes logistics uas nkag siab txog tag nrho txoj kev los ntawm lub Hoobkas Suav mus rau chaw nres nkoj Norwegian.
Topway Shipping muaj ntau tshaj 15 xyoo ntawm kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev lis kev cai los daws qhov teeb meem hla ciam teb no. Topway Shipping muab cov neeg xa khoom hnub ci Suav teb cov kev pabcuam tiav, suav nrog kev thauj mus los thawj zaug, kev thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv (FCL thiab LCL), kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai xa tawm, thiab kev xa khoom kawg, los tsim kom muaj kev xa khoom txhim khu kev qha, ua raws li txoj cai, thiab pheej yig rau Norway thiab lwm qhov ntawm Scandinavia.
FAQ
Q: Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci los ntawm Tuam Tshoj puas raug them se thaum xa tuaj rau hauv Norway?
A: Tsis yog. Cov nqi ntshuam khoom hauv Norway feem ntau yog rau cov khoom noj thiab cov ntaub. Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci (HS 8541.43) raug xa tuaj rau hauv Norway yam tsis tas them se. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj 25% VAT ntawm tus nqi CIF ntawm txhua yam khoom xa tuaj suav nrog cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci, uas yuav tsum tau them lossis ncua sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm xa tuaj.
Q: Puas yog daim ntawv pov thawj CE yuav tsum muaj rau cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci nkag mus rau hauv Norway?
A: Yog lawm. Norway nyob hauv EEA thiab ua raws li EU cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom. Cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci yuav tsum muaj lub cim CE uas ua raws li Low Voltage Directive thiab EMC Directive, uas tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj xeem IEC 61215 thiab IEC 61730 los ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob uas tau lees paub.
Q: Digitoll yog dab tsi thiab nws puas cuam tshuam rau kuv cov khoom xa tuaj rau Bergen?
A: Digitoll yog Norway txoj kev cai lij choj ua ntej tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam digital, uas yuav tsum muaj rau txhua yam khoom xa tuaj txij lub Plaub Hlis 2025. Ua ntej lub nkoj tuaj txog hauv Bergen, cov neeg xa khoom lossis lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm lis kev cai yuav tsum xa cov ntawv tshaj tawm hluav taws xob kom raug - muaj cov lej HS, cov nqi thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg txais khoom. Kev ua yuam kev ntawm kev xa ntawv Digitoll yuav ua rau muaj kev tuav tsis siv neeg thiab kev ncua sijhawm hauv kev tshuaj xyuas.
Q: Nws siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas los xa cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci los ntawm Tianjin mus rau Bergen?
A: Lub sijhawm thauj mus los tag nrho yog li 30 txog 40 hnub. Qhov no suav nrog 25 txog 32 hnub ntawm lub nkoj loj los ntawm Tianjin mus rau lub chaw nres nkoj hub xws li Rotterdam lossis Hamburg, ntxiv rau 3 txog 5 hnub ntawm lub nkoj pub mov mus rau Bergen, ntxiv rau 1 txog 2 hnub rau kev faib khoom hauv av.
Q: Kev txo VAT rov qab rau kev xa khoom tawm xyoo 2024 ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau cuam tshuam li cas rau cov neeg xa khoom tawm ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag?
A: Tuam Tshoj txiav tus nqi VAT rov qab rau cov PV modules tiav lawm (HS 8541.43) ntawm 13% mus rau 9%, siv tau txij li Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 2024. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias cov neeg xa khoom Suav tau txais VAT tsawg dua rov qab rau lawv cov khoom xa tuaj - qhov no yog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm lawv cov nqi. Cov neeg xa khoom yuav hais nqe rau cov neeg yuav khoom Norwegian rau kev xa khoom hauv Bergen, thiab yuav muab cov lus hais CIF rau lawv suav nrog qhov no.
