Tus Nqi Them Rau Kev Siv Khoom (THC) yog dab tsi? Nws Tus Nqi Ntau Npaum Li Cas?
Introduction
Koj tsis yog tib tug neeg uas tau saib xyuas tus nqi thauj khoom lossis daim ntawv them nqi kawg thiab xav paub tias "Terminal Handling Charge (THC)" txhais li cas. THC yog ib kab lus siv ntau hauv kev thauj khoom uas pom ntawm yuav luag txhua lub thawv thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv, tab sis nws tsis tshua piav qhia ua lus Askiv yooj yim. Kev nkag siab yuam kev THC tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg xa khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tuam txhab me thiab cov neeg muag khoom hauv e-commerce, thaum nws los txog rau tus nqi kawg ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj.
Tus Nqi Them Rau Kev Thauj Khoom Hauv Chaw Nres Nkoj Tsis Yog "tus nqi zais"; nws tsuas yog tus nqi uas yuav tsum tau them rau kev thauj cov thawv thiab cov khoom thauj los ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov chaw nres nkoj uas muaj neeg coob coob. Nws raug nqi nyiaj los khiav cov cranes, cov tsheb thauj khoom, cov forklifts, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw nres nkoj, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab cov txheej txheem kev ruaj ntseg. THC yog txoj kev ib txwm uas cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov neeg thauj khoom tau txais cov nuj nqis no rov qab, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov thawv lossis cubic meter / ton.
Nws tuaj yeem txawv ntawm chaw nres nkoj mus rau chaw nres nkoj thiab tus neeg nqa khoom mus rau tus neeg nqa khoom vim tias cov chaw nres nkoj hauv zos tswj hwm THC thiab nws feem ntau raug them los ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom lossis cov neeg xa khoom. Qhov sib txawv no tuaj yeem nyuaj rau piav qhia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj tab tom sim xam seb vim li cas kev xa khoom los ntawm Chaw Nres Nkoj A kim dua li kev xa khoom zoo sib xws los ntawm Chaw Nres Nkoj B.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav piav qhia txog tus nqi them rau Terminal Handling Charge yog dab tsi, nws suav nrog dab tsi, cov nqi feem ntau yog dab tsi, THC raug suav li cas rau cov khoom xa tuaj FCL thiab LCL, thiab Incoterms cuam tshuam li cas rau leej twg yuav tsum them nws. Peb kuj tseem yuav tham txog qee qhov xwm txheej hauv lub neej tiag tiag thiab xaus nrog qee cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas thiaj li tswj tau THC zoo. Thaum kawg, koj yuav kawm paub tias tus khub koom tes logistics zoo li Topway Shipping tuaj yeem pab koj tswj THC thiab tag nrho koj cov nuj nqis logistical li cas.
Nkag Siab Txog Tus Nqi Them Rau Chaw Nres Tsheb (THC)
Tus Nqi Them Rau Kev Thauj Khoom Hauv Chaw Nres Nkoj yog tus nqi uas them rau cov nqi thauj cov thawv thiab cov khoom muag ncig ntawm lub chaw nres nkoj. Nws yog tus nqi thauj koj lub thawv lossis cov khoom muag ncig thaj chaw nres nkoj, txij thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv lub rooj vag nres nkoj mus txog thaum nws raug thauj mus rau ntawm lub nkoj, lossis los ntawm lub nkoj mus rau lub rooj vag thaum nws tuaj txog.
Thaum xa cov thawv puv (FCL), THC feem ntau raug them rau txhua lub thawv. Rau cov khoom xa tuaj tsawg dua li lub thawv (LCL), tus nqi feem ntau yog raws li qhov hnyav lossis qhov ntim ntawm koj cov khoom thauj, xws li ib lub cubic meter lossis ib tuj ntawm cov nyiaj tau los. Lub laj thawj zoo ib yam, tab sis txoj kev uas tus nqi tshwm sim ntawm koj daim nqi yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb koj tus neeg xa khoom teeb tsa lawv cov nqi li cas.
Koj yuav tsum paub tias THC feem ntau tsis suav nrog rau hauv cov nqi thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv. Txawm tias lub tuam txhab xa khoom muab tus nqi thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv qis heev, tus nqi kawg tseem yuav suav nrog THC thiab lwm yam nqi hauv nroog ntawm ob qho chaw pib thiab qhov chaw mus. Thaum koj tau txais cov lus hais, feem ntau nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los nug seb THC puas suav nrog lossis tsis suav nrog, thiab yog tias muaj, ntawm sab twg (qhov chaw pib, qhov chaw mus, lossis ob qho tib si).
Lwm yam uas tib neeg feem ntau tsis meej pem txog yog leej twg teeb tsa THC. Feem ntau, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm chaw nres nkoj muab cov sijhawm them nqi uas sau cov nqi them raws cai. Cov neeg thauj khoom thiab cov neeg xa khoom xa mus rau lwm qhov ces xa cov no mus, qee zaum suav nrog lawv hauv cov nqi hauv zos "tag nrho" thiab lwm lub sijhawm sau lawv ib leeg ua "THC Origin" thiab "THC Destination." THC ntawm ib qho chaw nres nkoj yuav hloov pauv txhua xyoo vim tias cov chaw nres nkoj tuaj yeem hloov nws cov nqi raws sijhawm. Txawm tias cov chaw nres nkoj hauv tib lub chaw nres nkoj kuj tseem yuav muaj cov qauv nqi sib txawv me ntsis.
THC them dab tsi tiag?
Tus Nqi Them Rau Chaw Nres Nkoj them rau ntau yam haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab kev tswj hwm uas yuav tsum tau ua kom thauj khoom hla lub chaw nres nkoj. Qhov kev faib tawm tseeb tuaj yeem txawv rau txhua lub chaw nres nkoj, tab sis lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog tias THC yog tus nqi ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv chaw nres nkoj, cov khoom siv, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Hauv lub neej tiag tiag, THC feem ntau txhais tau tias yog tej yam xws li kev tuav lub rooj vag sab hauv, txav cov thawv ncig lub chaw nres nkoj, muab lawv tso rau hauv lub vaj, thiab thauj lossis tshem lawv tawm ntawm lub nkoj. Nws kuj tseem yuav suav nrog yuav siv cov txheej txheem IT ntawm lub chaw nres nkoj li cas, kev kuaj xyuas kev ruaj ntseg yooj yim, thiab yuav ua li cas nrog tus neeg thauj khoom thiab lub chaw nres nkoj.
Ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los xav txog yam uas THC npog yog saib txoj kev thauj khoom hla lub davhlau ya nyob twg.
Cov Haujlwm Ib Txwm Muaj Nrog Hauv THC
| Txheej txheem theem | Piv txwv Kev Ua Si | Puas muaj THC them? |
|---|---|---|
| Rooj vag nkag / Rooj vag tawm | Tshawb xyuas lub tsheb thauj khoom ntawm lub rooj vag, luam theej duab lub thawv, thiab xaiv qhov chaw nyob hauv vaj | Yog |
| Kev tswj vaj | Tsiv lub thawv nrog cov tsheb thauj khoom hauv vaj, stacking / unstacking hauv vaj | Yog |
| Kev thauj khoom/tso tawm ntawm lub nkoj | Kev ua haujlwm crane ntawm nkoj mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv, tso cov thawv rau ntawm lub nkoj | Yog |
| Kev tswj hwm lub davhlau ya nyob twg | Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim, kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, kev sib koom tes nrog cov kab ke xa khoom | Feem ntau |
| Kev ruaj ntseg thiab saib xyuas | CCTV, kev tswj xyuas kev nkag, cov kab ke hla lub davhlau ya nyob twg | Feem ntau |
| Kev siv thaj chaw tshuaj xyuas kev lis kev cai | Tsiv lub thawv mus rau/los ntawm thaj chaw tshuaj xyuas | Tej zaum |
| Cia tshaj lub sijhawm dawb | Kev khaws cia vaj ntxiv, kev tsim kho | Tsis yog (cais) |
Tsis yog txhua lub chaw nres nkoj teev cov haujlwm no sib cais. Feem ntau, lub chaw nres nkoj thiab tus neeg nqa khoom pom zoo rau tus nqi THC sib xyaw rau txhua lub thawv, uas tom qab ntawd xa mus rau tus neeg xa khoom. Qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias THC txuas nrog kev siv cov peev txheej ntawm lub chaw nres nkoj, tsis yog kev tsiv cov khoom mus deb heev.
Qee zaum, cov neeg xa khoom sib xyaw THC nrog kev tso cai lossis kev raug kaw. Thaum lub thawv nyob hauv lub davhlau ntev dua lub sijhawm cia khoom dawb, nws raug them rau kev tso cai. Thaum lub thawv nyob sab nraud lub davhlau ntev dua li qhov tau tso cai, nws raug them rau kev raug kaw. Ob qho tib si yog kev rau txim uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm. THC, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tus nqi rau kev tuav uas koj yuav tsum them txawm tias koj siv tag nrho koj lub sijhawm dawb. Nws feem ntau raug them ib zaug txhua qhov kev txav mus los.
THC suav li cas?
Feem ntau THC yog xam raws li ib lub thawv rau cov khoom xa tuaj FCL thiab raws li ib qhov hnyav/ntim rau cov khoom xa tuaj LCL. Tus nqi tiag tiag yog txiav txim los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab feem ntau nyob ntawm cov yam xws li qhov loj ntawm lub thawv, hom thawv, qhov chaw, thiab kev coj (xa tawm piv rau kev xa tawm).
Nyob rau theem yooj yim tshaj plaws, FCL THC yuav yog qhov ntau npaum li cas rau ib lub thawv 20-foot thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas rau ib lub thawv 40-foot. Lub chaw nres nkoj yuav muaj cov nqi sib txawv rau cov thawv qhuav txheem, cov thawv txias (reefers), thiab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb xws li cov thawv qhib saum toj lossis cov khib tiaj tiaj. Qhov nyuaj dua lossis siv cov peev txheej ntau dua, qhov THC siab dua.
Rau cov khoom xa tuaj LCL, cov khoom thauj los ntawm ntau tus neeg xa khoom raug muab sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib lub thawv sib koom. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawd, THC rau tag nrho lub thawv feem ntau yog kis thoob plaws txhua qhov khoom xa tuaj raws li qhov ntim lossis qhov hnyav uas yuav tsum tau them. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov nqi LCL hauv zos qee zaum zoo li nyuaj dua: tus neeg xa khoom xa khoom faib cov nqi kawg ntawm ntau tus neeg siv khoom sib txawv.
Kev taw qhia kuj tseem ceeb. Qee lub chaw nres nkoj muaj cov nqi THC sib txawv rau kev xa khoom tawm thiab xa khoom tuaj, uas qhia txog cov qauv kev ua haujlwm hauv zos, qib kev sib tsoo, lossis kev coj ua lag luam. Hauv qee lub tebchaws, cov neeg tswj hwm yuav txwv lossis coj cov qib THC, thaum lwm tus, cov chaw nres nkoj muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua los teeb tsa lawv tus kheej cov nqi.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tus neeg xa khoom, THC feem ntau yog ib feem ntawm pawg loj dua hu ua "cov nqi hauv zos" lossis "cov nqi keeb kwm / chaw mus". Tej zaum koj yuav pom cov kab zoo li "THC Keeb Kwm", "THC Chaw Mus", "Cov Nqi Sau Ntawv", thiab "Cov Nqi Ruaj Ntseg" sib sau ua ke. Yog tias koj xav nkag siab koj cov nqi kom meej, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nug koj tus neeg muab kev pabcuam logistics kom paub meej tias qhov twg yog qhov khoom siv ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg.
Cov THC ntau yam thoob plaws ntiaj teb
Cov nqi them tuaj yeem loj heev vim THC raug cuam tshuam los ntawm tej yam xws li tus nqi ua haujlwm hauv zos, kev tsim khoom ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, cov khoom siv hauv chaw nres nkoj, thiab kev cai lij choj. Cov chaw nres nkoj loj thiab cov chaw nres nkoj uas tau tsim kho zoo heev feem ntau muaj cov nqi them tag nrho siab dua, tab sis lawv kuj ua haujlwm tau zoo heev. Cov chaw nres nkoj uas me dua lossis tsis siv neeg tuaj yeem them tsawg dua, tab sis kev ncua sijhawm thiab tsheb khiav tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov nqi tag nrho nce siab.
Cov lus hauv qab no tsuas yog qhia txog tus nqi kwv yees hauv USD rau lub thawv qhuav ib txwm muaj. Cov no tsis yog cov nqi se raug cai, thiab lawv yuav hloov pauv raws sijhawm thiab los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj, tab sis lawv muab rau koj lub tswv yim kwv yees ntawm qhov ntsuas uas cov neeg xa khoom feem ntau ua nrog.
| Cheeb Tsam / Hom Chaw Nres Nkoj | 20′ FCL Xa Tawm THC (Qhia) | 40′ FCL Xa Tawm THC (Qhia) | lus hais |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov chaw nres nkoj loj hauv Suav teb | US $80 – 180 | US $120 – 260 | Cov davhlau ya nyob twg ua haujlwm tau zoo, kev sib tw muaj zog |
| Loj US ports | US $150 – 350 | US $250 – 450 | Cov nqi zog ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse siab dua |
| Cov chaw nres nkoj loj ntawm EU | US $120 – 280 | US $200 – 420 | Cov nqi sib txawv ntawm North Europe thiab Mediterranean |
| Cov chaw nres nkoj lag luam tshiab | US $60 – 150 | US $100 – 240 | Cov nqi them tuaj yeem sib txawv ntau; cov khoom siv hauv paus yuav tsis tshua zoo |
| Transshipment hubs | US $90 – 220 | US $130 – 320 | Kev ua haujlwm nyuaj tab sis feem ntau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo |
Cov lej no tsuas yog kwv yees ua ntej xwb. Qhov chaw nres nkoj, tus neeg nqa khoom, lub davhlau ya nyob twg, thiab lwm yam khoom siv lossis kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb uas siv yuav cuam tshuam rau koj qhov THC tiag tiag. Thaum koj saib LCL, koj yuav tsis pom tus nqi tag nrho ntawm lub thawv. Hloov chaw, koj yuav pom tus nqi ib lub cubic meter lossis ib tuj nyiaj tau los uas suav nrog THC thiab qee zaum lwm cov nqi hauv zos.
Thaum tsim cov peev nyiaj lossis piv cov kev xaiv sib txawv, THC yuav tsum tsis txhob saib nws tus kheej xwb. Nws yuav tsum tau saib ua ke nrog lwm cov nqi pib thiab qhov chaw mus. Yog tias qhov chaw nres nkoj ua haujlwm tau zoo, THC ntau me ntsis tseem yuav ua rau tus nqi tag nrho tsawg dua yog tias nws txo cov kev ncua sijhawm, cov nqi khaws cia, thiab kev pheej hmoo.
THC rau FCL piv rau LCL Shippings
THC yooj yim heev rau kev xa khoom FCL. Feem ntau, koj them tus nqi teem rau txhua lub thawv, uas yog raws li qhov loj thiab hom thawv. Yog tias koj thauj lub thawv qhuav 40-foot los ntawm chaw nres nkoj loj hauv Suav teb mus rau chaw nres nkoj loj hauv Tebchaws Meskas, koj yuav tsum xav tias yuav pom THC ntawm ob qho kawg, nrog txhua qhov kawg them ib zaug rau ib lub thawv rau ib qho kev taw qhia.
THC yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv nqi nyuaj dua rau cov khoom xa tuaj LCL. Tus neeg xa khoom yuav tsum faib cov nqi ntawm lub thawv, xws li THC, kev sib sau ua ke, kev tshem tawm, thiab kev tswj hwm tsev rau khoom, ntawm txhua tus neeg tau txais khoom vim tias ntau tus neeg xa khoom sib txawv siv tib lub thawv. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov ntawv them nqi LCL feem ntau muaj ntau cov nuj nqis hauv zos rau lawv uas koj tsis pom hauv cov lus hais FCL yooj yim.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag, LCL THC feem ntau suav nrog hauv kab zoo li "Cov nqi pib (ib CBM)" lossis "Cov nqi mus rau qhov chaw (ib CBM)." Txawm tias tus nqi tsis hu ua THC, nws tseem txhais tau tib yam: tsiv cov khoom thauj los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Thaum koj piv cov kev xaiv FCL thiab LCL, koj yuav tsum xyuas ob qho tib si tus nqi thauj khoom thiab cov nqi hauv zos, zoo li THC, kom xaiv qhov uas muab rau koj tus nqi zoo tshaj plaws rau ib chav ntawm cov khoom thauj.
Piv txwv: Kev Sib Piv ntawm FCL thiab LCL THC Kev Kho Mob
| nam | FCL (Full Container Load) | LCL (tsawg dua lub thawv ntim khoom) |
|---|---|---|
| Lub hauv paus them nqi | Ib lub thawv (20′, 40′, thiab lwm yam) | Ib CBM los yog ib tuj ntawm cov nyiaj tau los |
| Kev pom ntawm daim ntawv them nqi | Feem ntau yog cov kab THC Origin / THC Destination sib cais | Feem ntau muab cov nqi xa tuaj rau koj ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb/qhov chaw koj mus |
| Kev faib lub luag haujlwm | Them los ntawm tus neeg uas muaj lub luag haujlwm raws li Incoterms | Sib koom ntawm txhua tus neeg xa khoom hauv kev sib sau ua ke |
| Tus nqi kwv yees | Siab thaum paub qhov loj ntawm lub thawv thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj | Nyob ntawm qhov ntim tiag tiag thiab cov qauv kev sib sau ua ke |
Rau cov neeg xa khoom uas xa ntau pob khoom, FCL feem ntau kwv yees tau zoo dua los ntawm qhov pom ntawm THC. LCL tseem tuaj yeem yog qhov zoo rau cov neeg xa khoom me me, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg xa khoom uas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog THC thiab lwm cov nqi hauv zos suav nrog rau hauv cov nqi ib-CBM.
Leej twg them THC thiab thaum twg? (Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Incoterms)
Cov lus cog tseg Incoterms uas tau pom zoo ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom thiab tus neeg muag khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau leej twg thaum kawg them THC. Incoterms piav qhia qhov twg tus neeg yuav khoom thiab tus neeg muag khoom lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev pheej hmoo thiab tus nqi hloov tes. THC yog ib qho ntawm cov nqi hauv zos uas yuav raug them los ntawm ib sab lossis lwm sab.
Tus neeg yuav khoom yog tus lav ris rau yuav luag txhua tus nqi xa khoom ntawm tus neeg muag khoom tom qab muag, tsuav yog cov nqe lus zoo li EXW (Ex Works). Feem ntau qhov ntawd suav nrog THC ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj thauj khoom thiab tshem khoom, vim tias tus neeg yuav khoom yog tus saib xyuas tus neeg thauj khoom tseem ceeb. Tus neeg muag khoom tsis tas yuav ua ntau yam.
FOB (Free On Board) txhais tau hais tias tus neeg muag khoom feem ntau them rau cov nqi ntawm kev coj cov khoom mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj thauj khoom, kev tshem tawm cov kev lis kev cai xa tawm, thiab kev muab tso rau ntawm lub nkoj. Qhov tseeb, qhov no feem ntau txhais tau hais tias tus neeg muag khoom them THC ntawm qhov chaw pib thiab tus neeg yuav khoom them THC ntawm qhov chaw mus. Tab sis cov kev lis kev cai hauv zos tuaj yeem txawv, yog li nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas nrog koj tus neeg muab kev pabcuam logistics seb cov nqi raug faib li cas.
Tus neeg muag khoom them rau thiab npaj qhov tseem ceeb hiav txwv freight mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj uas xav tau raws li CIF lossis CFR. Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog THC keeb kwm thiab kev thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv. Tus neeg yuav khoom feem ntau yog tus lav ris rau THC thiab kev xa khoom hauv lub tebchaws, tshwj tsis yog tias ob tog pom zoo lwm yam lossis siv cov lus xws li DAP lossis DDP.
DAP (Xa Khoom Ntawm Qhov Chaw) thiab DDP (Xa Khoom Them Rau Lub Luag Haujlwm) muab lub nra hnyav rau tus neeg muag khoom ntau dua. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum tau them THC ntawm ob qho chaw pib thiab qhov chaw mus, nrog rau kev thauj mus los hauv lub tebchaws thiab tej zaum kev lis kev cai thiab se hauv DDP. Tus neeg yuav khoom tau txais tus nqi xa khoom uas yog "tag nrho."
Vim tias THC qee zaum yog ib feem loj ntawm cov nqi hauv zos, kev nkag siab yuam kev txog Incoterms yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem. Piv txwv li, tus neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem xav tias tus neeg muag khoom them tag nrho cov nqi rau chaw nres nkoj, suav nrog THC, thaum tus neeg muag khoom xav tias THC ntawm qhov chaw pib yog rau tus neeg yuav khoom. Cov ntawv cog lus sau thiab cov lus hais kom ntxaws uas hais meej tias leej twg them THC ntawm txhua chaw nres nkoj pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.
THC piv rau Lwm Cov Nqi Chaw Nres Nkoj thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv
THC yog ib qho ntawm cov nqi uas koj yuav pom rau cov kev pabcuam chaw nres nkoj thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Kev paub tias nws txawv li cas ntawm lwm cov nqi tuaj yeem pab koj sib tham zoo dua thiab muab tus nqi tseeb dua rau koj.
Feem ntau cov nqi them rau kev xa cov ntawv xa khoom, kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau cov tub ceev xwm hauv chaw nres nkoj yuav raug nqi. Cov nqi no yog rau kev ua haujlwm tswj hwm thiab tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam dab tsi nrog kev tsiv cov thawv hauv lub vaj.
Qee zaum, cov nqi kev ruaj ntseg raug ntxiv rau tus nqi ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntxiv thiab kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg ntawm chaw nres nkoj, suav nrog kev ua raws li ISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security). Lawv yuav them rau ib lub thawv lossis los ntawm cov khoom thauj, thiab lawv tsis zoo ib yam li THC.
Cov nqi khaws cia lossis demurrage ntawm chaw nres nkoj yog raws li lub sijhawm thiab siv thaum koj cov khoom thauj lossis lub thawv nyob hauv lub davhlau ntev dua li lub sijhawm pub dawb uas tso cai. Txawm hais tias lawv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev siv chaw nres nkoj, cov nqi no tsis yog THC. Cov khoom xa tuaj uas txav mus los yooj yim heev yuav tsum tau them THC, thaum cov khoom xa tuaj uas ncua sijhawm tuaj yeem tsim ntau qhov chaw khaws cia thiab demurrage ntxiv rau THC.
Yog tias lub thawv nyob sab nraum lub davhlau ntev dua li qhov tau tso cai, xws li ntawm koj lub tsev rau khoom lossis ntawm lub tsheb, koj yuav tsum tau them tus nqi kaw. Tus neeg thauj khoom (uas yog tus tswv lossis xauj lub thawv) them tus nqi kaw, thaum THC them tus nqi tuav hauv lub davhlau.
Yog koj nco ntsoov cov pab pawg no, koj yuav yooj yim dua los tham nrog cov neeg xa khoom thiab cov neeg muab khoom. Tej zaum koj yuav nug tias, "Qhov no puas yog rau kev tuav, sau ntawv, kev ruaj ntseg, kev khaws cia, lossis siv lub thawv?" thaum koj pom ib kab lus. Ib lo lus nug ntawd yuav pab koj kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis meej pem thiab txuag tau nyiaj.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Tswj Tau THC
Koj tsis tuaj yeem zam THC tag nrho, vim tias koj cov khoom thauj yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov tseeb thiab kwv yees tau cov nqi no, thiab koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab uas txo cov nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo uas tsis tseem ceeb.
Ib qho uas yuav pab tau yog siv Incoterms uas haum rau koj cov txuj ci thiab kev paub uas koj muaj uas ua rau koj muaj qhov zoo dua. Yog tias koj muaj tus khub logistics zoo hauv lub tebchaws uas koj xa khoom tawm, koj yuav xav tau cov xwm txheej uas cia koj tswj thiab sib tham txog keeb kwm THC ncaj qha es tsis txhob cia tus neeg muag khoom ua nws. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias koj xav tias paub tseeb dua txog kev xa khoom tuaj, koj yuav xav tau qhov rov qab.
Lwm txoj kev ntse los txuag nyiaj yog kev muab koj cov khoom xa tuaj ua ke. Yog tias koj feem ntau xa cov khoom me me LCL los ntawm tib thaj chaw mus rau tib qho chaw, tej zaum koj yuav tuaj yeem txhim kho koj cov qauv kev sib sau ua ke, tsiv mus rau FCL sai dua li koj xav tau, lossis siv cov chaw nres nkoj uas ua haujlwm tau zoo dua thiab muaj cov THC qis dua.
Nws tseem ceeb heev kom muaj cov lus hais kom meej. Thaum koj nug txog tus nqi, koj tuaj yeem qhia rau koj tus neeg xa khoom seb THC puas suav nrog thiab, yog tias muaj, ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj twg thiab theem twg. Ntau tus neeg xa khoom uas muaj kev paub dhau los tuaj yeem muab kev sib piv ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm qhov rooj mus rau qhov rooj rau koj, suav nrog THC, rau ntau txoj kev xa khoom lossis kev xaiv kev pabcuam sib txawv.
Thaum kawg, kev xaiv tus khub logistics uas paub ntau txog koj cov kab lag luam tseem ceeb tuaj yeem ua qhov sib txawv loj heev. Tus neeg xa khoom uas xa khoom mus rau thiab los ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Tebchaws Meskas txhua hnub lossis lwm txoj kev tseem ceeb feem ntau yuav muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov chaw nres nkoj, kev nkag siab zoo txog seb yam khoom ua haujlwm li cas hauv thaj chaw, thiab sim cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm uas txo qhov yuam kev, kev ncua sijhawm, thiab kev them nqi ntxiv hauv zos.
Piv txwv ua haujlwm: Kwv yees THC hauv kev xa khoom tiag tiag
Yuav kom pab peb nkag siab txog THC zoo dua, cia peb saib ob qho piv txwv yooj yim. Cov no tsis yog cov nqi tiag tiag, tab sis lawv qhia txog THC haum rau tag nrho daim duab nqi.
Xav txog kev xa ib qho 40-foot FCL los ntawm Shenzhen mus rau Los Angeles nrog FOB cov nqe lus. Koj tus neeg muag khoom them rau kev thauj khoom hauv zos mus rau chaw nres nkoj thiab kev lis kev cai xa tawm. Koj, ua tus neeg yuav khoom, them rau kev thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv.
Koj tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem hais ib yam dab tsi zoo li:
- Kev xa khoom los ntawm hiav txwv ntawm Shenzhen mus rau Los Angeles raug nqi $ 1,200.
- THC ntawm qhov chaw (them los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom raws li FOB): ib feem ntawm cov nqi hauv zos ntawm tus neeg muag khoom
- THC ntawm qhov chaw mus (Los Angeles): $320 rau lub thawv 40-foot
- Cov nqi rau cov ntawv xa mus thiab kev ruaj ntseg: US $ 80
Hauv qhov piv txwv yooj yim no, koj raug THC ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw xa khoom, qhov twg US $ 320 yog ib feem ntawm "cov nqi hauv zos." Qhov THC tseem cuam tshuam nrog cov nqi thauj khoom kawg, yog li nws yuav tsis hloov pauv ntau npaum li tus nqi thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv.
Tam sim no xav txog koj tus kheej ua tus tswv khw online xa khoom LCL los ntawm Shanghai mus rau New York. Koj cov khoom xa tuaj yog 5 CBM thiab 1,000 kg, thiab qhov ntim uas yuav tsum tau them yog 5 CBM.
Koj cov lus hais yuav qhia tau tias:
- Kev thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv (LCL, ib CBM): US $ 60 rau 5 CBM = US $ 300
- Cov nqi hauv zos keeb kwm (suav nrog kev faib THC, ib CBM): US $ 25 × 5 CBM = US $ 125
- Cov nqi hauv zos ntawm qhov chaw mus (suav nrog THC faib, ib CBM): US $ 40 × 5 CBM = US $ 200
Hauv cov nqi hauv zos ib CBM, THC sib xyaw nrog lwm cov kev pabcuam hauv nroog. Koj tsis tuaj yeem pom cov kab THC tseeb, tab sis nws tseem nyob ntawd. Yog tias tus neeg xa khoom hloov lub davhlau ya nyob twg lossis cov nqi davhlau ya nyob twg nce siab, cov nqi hauv zos ib CBM yuav hloov pauv kom phim cov theem THC tshiab.
Thaum koj mus rau cov lus hais nrog THC hauv siab, koj tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug tshwj xeeb ntxiv, xws li "Feem ntau ntawm cov nqi hauv zos yog rau kev tuav lub davhlau ya nyob twg?" Cov nqi ntawd ruaj khov npaum li cas? Puas muaj lwm lub davhlau ya nyob twg lossis txoj kev uas yuav txhim khu kev qha dua lossis tsim nyog dua?
Topway Shipping Pab Koj Tswj THC thiab Tag Nrho Cov Nqi Logistics Li Cas
THC tsuas yog ib qho ntawm ntau qhov ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm kev thauj mus los rau cov lag luam e-lag luam hla ciam teb thiab cov lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Ib tus khub thauj mus los zoo tuaj yeem pab koj nkag siab thiab daws cov nqi no hauv txoj kev uas pab koj txoj kev lag luam txhim kho es tsis txhob ua rau koj tsis xav txog.
Topway Shipping, uas nyob hauv Shenzhen, Suav teb, tau yog ib lub tuam txhab muab kev pabcuam logistics hla ciam teb txij li xyoo 2010. Pab neeg tsim tsa muaj ntau tshaj 15 xyoo ntawm kev paub txog kev thauj khoom thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai, nrog rau kev tsom mus rau Tebchaws Meskas thiab Tuam Tshoj. tsiv khoom. Topway paub tias kev tuav cov davhlau ya nyob twg ua haujlwm li cas ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj loj hauv Suav teb thiab cov rooj vag hauv Tebchaws Meskas vim lawv tau ua lag luam ntev lawm. Lawv kuj paub tias THC ua haujlwm li cas nrog lwm cov nqi hauv zos hauv lub neej tiag tiag.
Cov kev pabcuam ntawm Topway npog tag nrho cov saw hlau logistics, txij li kev khaws cov khoom los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov tsev rau khoom mus rau kev khaws cia rau txawv teb chaws, kev tshem tawm cov kev lis kev cai ntawm ob qho tib si keeb kwm thiab qhov chaw mus, thiab xa lawv mus rau koj cov neeg siv khoom kawg lossis cov chaw ua tiav. Topway tuaj yeem pab koj pom tag nrho cov nqi, suav nrog THC, los ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab sib koom tes tag nrho cov saw hlau. Txoj kev no, koj yuav tsis tas yuav daws nrog kev npaj sib cais uas tsis muaj leej twg muaj kev pom tag nrho.
Topway muab kev pabcuam thauj khoom puv thawv (FCL) thiab tsawg dua thawv (LCL) rau kev thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv los ntawm Tuam Tshoj mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb. Topway tuaj yeem pab koj txiav txim siab thaum twg FCL lossis LCL zoo dua rau koj txoj kev lag luam, txawm tias koj npaj txhij rau cov thawv tiav lossis tseem xa cov me dua. Lawv yuav saib THC, tus nqi sib koom ua ke, lub sijhawm thauj mus los, thiab koj cov qauv muag khoom.
Topway tuaj yeem tsim cov kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb uas ua rau koj cov nuj nqis ib chav ruaj khov rau cov neeg muag khoom e-commerce uas xa khoom mus rau Tebchaws Meskas thiab lwm lub khw tseem ceeb tsis tu ncua. Qhov no txhais tau tias kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov chaw sib sau ua ke, xaiv cov davhlau ya nyob twg nrog cov qauv THC ruaj khov, thiab tsim cov kev lis kev cai zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm kawg uas txo cov kev ncua sijhawm, zam cov nqi cia khoom ntxiv, thiab ua kom yooj yim dua los npaj koj cov nyiaj txiag.
Thaum koj ua haujlwm nrog lub tuam txhab zoo li Topway Shipping, koj tau txais ib pab neeg uas tsis yog tsuas paub cov kev cai lij choj thiab cov nqi se ntawm daim ntawv xwb, tab sis kuj paub tias lawv ua haujlwm li cas hauv lub neej tiag tiag ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov chaw nres nkoj.
xaus
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj khoom hauv chaw nres nkoj niaj hnub no yog Tus Nqi Them Rau Chaw Nres Nkoj (Terminal Handling Charge - THC). Nws yog tus nqi siv cov khoom siv hauv chaw nres nkoj, cov khoom siv, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm los thauj cov thawv thiab cov khoom. Nws tsis yog tus nqi "zais" hauv lub ntsiab lus nruj tshaj plaws, tab sis nws yuav nyuaj rau nkag siab thaum nws suav nrog cov nqi hauv zos lossis thaum cov neeg thauj khoom thiab cov neeg xa khoom sib txawv siv cov lus sib txawv los piav qhia nws.
Rau cov neeg xa khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg uas ua lag luam hla ciam teb e-lag luam lossis kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tsis tu ncua, kev paub THC yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab tus nqi thiab kev txiav txim siab tus nqi kom raug. Koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov lus hais nrog kev ntseeg siab thiab sib tham ncaj ncees nrog cov neeg muab khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom yog tias koj paub tias THC npog dab tsi, nws txawv li cas ntawm kev tso cai, kev raug kaw, thiab cov nqi ua ntaub ntawv, thiab nws cuam tshuam li cas los ntawm hom thawv, chaw nres nkoj koj xaiv, thiab Incoterms.
Qhov ntau ntawm THC nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov davhlau ya nyob twg yuav txawv heev. Tab sis koj yuav tsum ib txwm saib lawv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov khoom xa tuaj. Cov nqi thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv, kev thauj mus los sab hauv, kev lis kev cai, tsev khaws nyiaj, thiab kev xa khoom kawg txhua yam cuam tshuam rau THC thiab koj them npaum li cas. Qee zaum, txoj kev uas muaj THC ntau me ntsis tab sis kev ntseeg siab zoo dua yuav yog qhov kev xaiv ua lag luam zoo dua.
Thaum kawg, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los daws teeb meem THC yog ua haujlwm nrog tus khub logistics uas paub koj txoj kev lag luam thiab koj txoj kev lag luam thiab qhib siab thiab ncaj ncees rau koj. Thaum lub tuam txhab tshaj lij zoo li Topway Shipping saib xyuas koj cov logistics txij thaum pib mus txog thaum kawg, THC dhau los ua ib qho paub thiab tswj tau es tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm koj daim nqi.
FAQ
Q: Tus Nqi Them Nqi Terminal Handling (THC) yog dab tsi?
A: Tus Nqi Them Rau Chaw Nres Nkoj yog tus nqi se uas them rau kev tsiv cov thawv thiab cov khoom thauj mus los hauv chaw nres nkoj. Feem ntau nws suav nrog kev tsiv thiab kev teeb cov khoom hauv lub vaj, kev thauj khoom lossis tshem cov thawv rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm cov nkoj, thiab cov txheej txheem nkag thiab tawm ntawm lub rooj vag. Rau cov khoom xa tuaj FCL, THC feem ntau raug them los ntawm lub thawv, thaum rau cov khoom xa tuaj LCL, nws feem ntau raug them los ntawm qhov ntim lossis qhov hnyav.
Q: Vim li cas THC thiaj raug them cais ntawm cov nqi thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv?
A: THC raug them cais vim nws yuav tsum ua nrog rau kev tswj hwm cov khoom lag luam ntawm qee qhov chaw nres nkoj, tsis yog txoj kev xa lawv mus deb heev los ntawm hiav txwv. Kev thauj khoom hauv dej hiav txwv yog tus nqi xa khoom ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj, thaum THC yog tus nqi siv cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos ua ntej thiab tom qab kev caij nkoj hiav txwv. Los ntawm kev faib cov nqi no, cov neeg thauj khoom thiab cov chaw nres nkoj tuaj yeem hloov cov nqi hauv zos yam tsis tau hloov kho cov nqi thauj khoom pib.
Q: Leej twg yog tus them THC, tus neeg yuav lossis tus neeg muag?
A: Cov lus cog tseg Incoterms siv hauv daim ntawv cog lus muag khoom txiav txim siab leej twg yog tus saib xyuas THC. Hauv FOB, tus neeg muag khoom feem ntau them tus nqi THC thaum pib thiab tus neeg yuav khoom them tus nqi THC thaum mus txog. Tus neeg yuav khoom feem ntau them THC ntawm ob qho kawg thaum lawv siv EXW. Tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum tau them THC ntawm ob qho chaw pib thiab qhov chaw mus txog yog tias lawv siv DAP lossis DDP. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum sau ua ntawv tias leej twg yog tus saib xyuas THC ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj.
Q: THC, demurrage, thiab detention puas yog tib yam?
A: Tsis yog, cov no yog ob hom nqi sib txawv. THC yog tus nqi rau kev thauj cov thawv thiab cov khoom thauj los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg. Demurrage yog tus nqi rau kev khaws cia uas raug them thaum lub thawv nyob hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntev dua li lub sijhawm pub dawb uas tau tso cai. Thaum lub thawv nyob hauv koj txoj kev saib xyuas ntev dhau sab nraum lub davhlau ya nyob twg, koj yuav raug nplua rau kev raug kaw. Tag nrho peb yam tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm koj daim nqi, tab sis lawv tuaj ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv.
Q: Vim li cas cov nqi THC thiaj sib txawv ntau ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj?
A: Cov nqi THC muaj ntau yam vim tias txhua lub chaw nres nkoj yuav tsum tau daws cov nqi sib txawv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, kev nqis peev hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse, kev khiav tsheb, thiab cov cai. Txawm tias lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo heev los xij, cov chaw nres nkoj loj, tsis siv neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho yuav muaj THC ntau dua vim tias lawv raug nqi ntau dua los khiav. Cov chaw nres nkoj me dua lossis tsis tshua muaj kev txhim kho yuav them THC tsawg dua, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau tos ntev dua lossis muaj feem yuav lig ntau zaus.
Q: Kuv yuav ua li cas thiaj li txo tau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm THC rau kuv cov nqi thauj khoom tag nrho?
A: Koj tsis tuaj yeem zam THC tag nrho, tab sis koj tuaj yeem txo nws cov teebmeem los ntawm kev xaiv Incoterms zoo, ua kom zoo dua qhov ntau ntawm kev xa khoom, thiab sib xyaw cov khoom thauj qhov twg tsim nyog. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog lub tuam txhab logistics uas tau nyob ib puag ncig ib ntus, lawv tuaj yeem pab koj xaiv cov chaw nres nkoj, cov kev pabcuam, thiab cov kev uas sib xyaw zoo ntawm THC, tus nqi thauj khoom, thiab kev ntseeg siab dav dav. Nws tseem ceeb heev kom meej thiab ncaj ncees thaum muab cov lus hais.
Q: THC puas siv tau rau cov khoom xa tuaj FCL xwb, lossis rau cov khoom thauj LCL?
A: THC siv rau ob qho kev xa khoom FCL thiab LCL, tab sis tus nqi sib txawv rau txhua qhov. Rau FCL, THC feem ntau yog tib theem rau txhua lub thawv. Rau LCL, THC yog ib feem ntawm cov nqi tuav hauv zos uas tau sib koom los ntawm ntau tus neeg xa khoom thiab qhia ua tus nqi ib CBM lossis ib tuj nyiaj tau los. THC yuav suav nrog rau hauv cov nqi hauv zos loj dua rau qhov chaw pib thiab qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw hauv ntau cov lus hais LCL.
Q: THC puas suav nrog cov se lossis cov se?
A: Tsis yog, THC tsis muaj se, xws li se kev lis kev cai, se ntshuam khoom, lossis se ntxiv. Cov tub ceev xwm lis kev cai sau cov se ntawd los ntawm tsoomfwv. THC yog tus nqi uas cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov neeg thauj khoom them rau kev tuav cov kev pabcuam ntawm chaw nres nkoj. Tus nqi thiab hom khoom siv los xam cov nqi lis kev cai thiab se ib tus zuj ib tus.
Q: THC puas hloov tau thaum lub xyoo tom qab kuv tau pom zoo rau tus nqi?
A: THC tuaj yeem hloov pauv thaum cov neeg nqa khoom lossis cov chaw nres tsheb hloov kho lawv cov nqi, uas lawv ua thaum tus nqi nce siab lossis cov cai tshiab pib siv. Yog tias koj muaj daim ntawv cog lus ntev nrog lub tuam txhab logistics, nws yuav hais tias yuav tsum ua li cas rau cov kev hloov kho no. Hauv lub neej tiag tiag, cov kev hloov pauv me me hauv THC tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis cov neeg muab kev pabcuam tsim nyog yuav qhia rau koj paub txog txhua qhov kev hloov pauv loj uas cuam tshuam rau koj cov khoom xa tuaj.
Q: Topway Shipping yuav pab kuv tswj THC kom zoo dua li cas?
A: Txij li xyoo 2010, Topway Shipping tau tsom mus rau kev lag luam hla ciam teb e-lag luam thiab paub ntau yam txog kev xa khoom ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Asmeskas thiab lwm txoj kev lag luam tseem ceeb. Topway tuaj yeem muab rau koj daim duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm txhua tus nqi, suav nrog THC, los ntawm kev tswj hwm tag nrho cov saw hlau logistics, los ntawm thawj ceg ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev khaws cia thoob ntiaj teb mus rau kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai thiab kev xa khoom kawg. Lawv tuaj yeem pab koj xaiv cov chaw nres nkoj zoo, cov qib kev pabcuam, thiab cov txheej txheem xa khoom kom THC yog qhov kwv yees tau thiab tswj tau ntawm koj cov nuj nqis logistics tag nrho.
