Ngā tuhinga tukunga waro mō ngā utanga e haere ana ki te US: He aha i tīmata ai ō kaihoko ki te tono
Kua whanake puku tetahi mea i roto i te tirohanga a ngā kaihoko kawemai o Amerika ki ā rātou kaiwhakarato o tāwāhi. Kei te piki haere te puta ake o tētahi pātai hou i roto i ngā rangahau a ngā kaihoko, ngā hui rapu rauemi me ngā īmēra hoko, me ngā pepa utu me ngā taipitopito hua: Ka taea e koe te tuku raraunga tukunga waro mō āu tuku?
Mena he kaihoko Haina koe, he kaikawe utanga, he tangata rānei e tuku kaipuke ana ki te Hononga o Amerika, tera pea ka puta ohorere mai tēnei pātai. Kāore. Ko te hua tēnei o ngā tau maha o te pēhanga ture, ngā tono ESG e whakahaerehia ana e ngā kaipupuri moni me te whakahounga taketake o te huarahi e arotakehia ai e ngā kamupene o te ao ō rātou tapuwae mekameka tuku. Ko te mea i noho i roto i te tari oranga tonutanga o ngā whakahaere nunui kua neke ki te hokohoko, ā, kei te tere haere tonu te nekehanga.
Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga te mea e akiaki ana i te hiahia o ngā kiritaki mō te tiwhikete tukunga waro i runga i ngā utanga e haere ana ki Amerika, he aha ngā tuhinga me ngā paerewa e pā ana, me pēhea te āhua o te whenua ture me ngā mahi a ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe taonga Hainamana kia noho whakataetae tonu ai. He mea hanga tēnei mō ngā kaimahi, ehara i te hunga mātauranga, ā, i runga i ngā wā ture me ngā tauira hoko e pā ana ki te mākete i ēnei rā.
He Pono te Hiahia — ā, e ahu mai ana i te Hoko, ehara i te PR
Ko tētahi huarahi hei mārama ki tēnei panonitanga ko te titiro ki te pūtake o te pēhanga. Mō te nuinga o te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, ko ngā herenga pumau a ngā kamupene he mea tūao noa iho, ā, he mea herea ki ngā paetukutuku kamupene anake. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere pumau i pātai mō ngā tukunga, ehara i te mea mō ngā kaiwhakahaere mekameka tuku. Kua whakarerekētia tēnā.
E ai ki tētahi rangahau a McKinsey i te tau 2023, e 73% o ngā kaihoko B2B e whiriwhiri ana i ngā kaiwhakarato e whakaatu ana i te mahi iti-waro. Nō nā tata nei, i whakaatuhia e te Pokapū Waka me te Logistics o MIT e 64% o ngā whakahaere e whakauru ana i ngā tohu pumau ki roto i ā rātou kāri kaute kaiwhakarato, ki te whakaritea ki te 38% i te tau 2020. Ehara ēnei i te mea noa. E tohu ana rātou i tētahi panonitanga pūnaha i roto i te aromatawai ā-roto o ngā tīma hoko – me te pehea e kawe ai rātou i taua pēhanga aromatawai ki raro ki ā rātou kaiwhakarato.
E rua ngā mea e tupu ana i te wā kotahi e hiahia ana ngā tīma hoko ki te aro. Kei te kumea ngā kamupene o Amerika kei a rātou ngā mahi, kei a rātou rānei ngā hoko i roto i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi ki roto i te Ture Pūrongo Whakapūmautanga Tauwhiro a te Kotahitanga o Ūropi (CSRD), e tono ana kia ripoatahia ngā tukunga ā-Whānui 3, ngā tukunga ā-kore rānei e puta ana puta noa i te mekameka uara o te kamupene, tae atu ki te kawe waka me te whakahaere waka. Mō te kaihoko kawemai o Amerika e hoko taonga ana mai i Haina, ko te wāhanga utanga moana mai i Shenzhen ki Los Angeles kei roto tonu i te Wāhanga 3. Mena kāore e taea e te kamupene te ripoata, kāore e taea e ia te whakatutuki i te CSRD.
I tētahi atu taha, mā te Ture Whakahaere Raraunga Pakihi Āhuarangi o California (SB 253) ka akiaki i ngā kamupene e mahi pakihi ana i California, ā, e whakaputa ana i te neke atu i te kotahi piriona tāra o ngā hoko, kia whakaputa i ā rātou tukunga Whānui 1 me Whānui 2 mai i te tau 2026, ko te wā ia e tika ana kia puta ai ngā whakaaturanga Whānui 3 i te tau 2027. I runga i te whānuitanga o te mākete o California me te whānuitanga o ngā kamupene e mahi pakihi ana i reira puta noa i te ao, kua noho tēnei ture taumata-ā-rohe hei paerewa ā-motu mō ngā umanga nui. "He māmā noa te karere ki ngā kaiwhakarato. Ki te hiahia tonu koe ki te tuku kaipuke ki ā mātou whare putunga, me whiwhi mātou i ō nama."
Te Mārama ki te Whenua Whakahaere: Ngā Mea e Hiahiatia Ana
He uaua ngā ture mō te tuhi i ngā tuhinga waro, me ngā anga taupatupatu maha, ngā whānuitanga rerekē, ngā wātaka rerekē, me ngā tikanga whakamana. He aratohu whai hua tēnei ki ngā take nui mō te utanga ki te US.
Te Kawa GHG me te Whānuitanga 3 Kāwai 4
Ko te Kawa GHG te paerewa ā-ao mō te tatau i ngā hau kati kōtuhi mō ngā umanga. E toru ngā whānuitanga e wehea ana e ia. Kei roto i te Whānuitanga 1 ngā tukunga tika mai i ngā rawa e puritia ana e te kamupene. Ko te Whānuitanga 2 ko te hiko i hokona. Ko te Whānuitanga 3 te mea tino uaua, ā, ko te mea tino nui ki ngā mekameka tuku, ko ngā tukunga kore tika katoa i roto i te mekameka uara. Ina koa, ko ngā tukunga utanga moana mai i Haina ki US me ngā tukunga tuku whakamutunga ko te Whānuitanga 3 Kāwai 4 (Te Waka me te Tohatoha o Runga). Ina tono te kaihoko i ō raraunga tukunga, ko te tikanga kei te rapu rātou i tētahi mea ka taea e rātou te whakauru ki roto i tā rātou pūrongo Whānuitanga 3 Kāwai 4.
ISO 14083 me te Anga GLEC
Nā te ISO 14083 (2023) i whakatakoto he paerewa ā-ao mō te tatau me te pūrongo i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi mai i ngā mahi mekameka kawe waka. Ka tukuna he huarahi taurite ki te tatau i te CO2 mō ia tana-kiromita o ngā momo kawe waka rerekē. Mō ngā kaihokohoko me ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe waka, ko ngā tataunga tukunga i runga i te ISO 14083, te Anga Whakahaere o te Kaunihera Tukunga Waka o te Ao (GLEC) rānei, kei te noho hei paearu pono. E hiahia ana ngā kaihoko ki ngā tau me ngā tikanga kei muri i a rātou, kaua ki ngā whakaaro noa.
Te Ture Whakakitenga Āhuarangi o California SB 253 me ngā Ture Whakakitenga Āhuarangi a te SEC
Ko te kaupapa here ā-rohe kotahi a te US mō te māramatanga o ngā tukunga o te mekameka kaiwhakarato ko te SB 253 a California. I raro i te rarangi haumaru, me tīmata ngā pakihi nui e mahi pakihi ana i California ki te ripoata i te Whānuitanga 1 me te Whānuitanga 2 i te tau 2026, ko ngā whakaaturanga Whānuitanga 3 me whakarite i te tau 2027. Kua whakaarohia hoki e te US Securities and Exchange Commission ngā whakaritenga whakaaturanga āhuarangi e hiahia ana kia ripoatahia ngā mōrearea āhuarangi nui, ka tāpiri atu ki te pēhanga mai i ngā kaipupuri moni me te tutuki i ngā ture. Kei te hangaia e ēnei anga he horopaki e kore ai e waiho he mōrearea arumoni te korenga o ngā raraunga tukunga whakahaere mō ngā kawemai o US - ā, mā te whakawhānui atu, mō ā rātou kaiwhakarato o tāwāhi.
| Ture / Anga | Te mana | Whakaritenga Nui | Te Rā Whakamutunga e tika ana |
| Te Kawa GHG (Whānuitanga 3) | Paerewa Ao | Whānuitanga Pūrongo 3 mō ngā tukunga waka o te awa whakarunga | Te tūāpapa tonu/tūao |
| ISO 14083 | Paerewa Ao | Tikanga tātai tukunga utanga paerewa | E whai mana ana mai i te tau 2023 |
| Te Tari Whakahaere ā-Motu o te EU | EU / ka pā ki ngā kaihoko o Amerika ki te EU | Te whakaaturanga ā-ture mō te Whānuitanga 3 mō ngā kamupene nunui | Ngā kamupene nunui: 2024–2025 |
| California SB 253 | California, USA | Whānuitanga 1 me te 2 i te tau 2026; Whānuitanga 3 i te tau 2027 | 2026-2027 |
| Te Whakakitenga Āhuarangi a te SEC | USA (kua whakaarohia) | Te pūrongo mōrearea āhuarangi rauemi | Kei te whanake / kei te arotakehia te ture |
| EU CBAM | EU (pānga ā-kore o te US) | Whakapuakitanga tukunga tāmau mō ngā taonga kawemai | Te whakatinanatanga katoa i te tau 2026 |
Te Āhua Tuturu o ngā Tuhinga Tukunga Waro i roto i te Mahi
He maha ngā kaihokohoko ki tāwāhi e whakaaro ana he āhua uaua te kupu "tuhinga tukunga waro". I roto i te mahi, ko tōna tikanga he huinga raraunga me ngā pūrongo ka whakawhanakehia, ka whakawhitiwhiti kōrerohia rānei e te kaituku kaipuke, e te kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe taonga rānei ki ā rātou kaihoko. E toru ngā wāhanga o ngā tuhinga e tino tonoa ana.
Ko te tuatahi he pūrongo tukunga waro taumata-uta, e ine ana i te nui o te CO2 ōrite (CO2e) e tukuna ana i te wā e kawe ana i tētahi utanga motuhake. Mō ngā utanga moana mai i Haina ki te US, ko te tikanga o tēnei ko te whakarea i te taumaha o te utanga me te tawhiti i haerea e te tauwehe tukunga (e tohuhia ana i roto i te karamu o te CO2 mō ia tana-kiromita, gCO2/tana-km rānei). Ko te ipu utanga moana paerewa mai i Shenzhen ki Los Angeles he tata ki te 11,000 ki te 12,000 maero moana. Mō tētahi utanga 10-tana, ko te kaikawe e tuku ana i te 15-20 gCO2/tana-km ka tuku i waenga i te 3.3 ki te 4.4 tana mita o te CO2 i taua waewae anake. Ko te wāhanga tukunga maero whakamutunga - he maha ngā wā mā te taraka mai i te tauranga ki te ūnga whakamutunga - ka whai wāhi atu ki ngā tukunga tāpiri, ā, e hanga ana i te 40% o te katoa o te CO2 e pā ana ki te kawe waka, e ai ki ētahi tātaritanga.
Ko te tuarua ko te whakatauranga Waro Intensity Indicator (CII) i te taumata kaikawe. Kua whakatūria e te International Maritime Organization (IMO) te pūnaha CII e whakatau ana i ngā kaipuke moana mai i te A ki te E mō ā rātou tukunga CO2 mō ia maero utanga. Mena he tohu D te kaipuke mō ngā tau e toru karapīpiti, he tohu E rānei i roto i te tau kotahi, me mahi whakatikatika. Ko te whakatauranga CII o te kaipuke e kawe ana i ā rātou utanga kei te tirohia e ngā kaipuke hei tohu mō te kounga tukunga o ā rātou utanga moana. Ko te pātai e pā ana ki te whakatauranga CII o te kaipuke e whakamahia ana he pātai tika e pātaihia ana e te kaihoko me taea e tetahi kaiwhakarato utanga whakaute te whakautu.
Ko te tuatoru o ngā wāhanga ko te whakarāpopototanga tukunga ā-tau mō ngā mahi kawe, arā, he whakarāpopototanga o ngā raraunga tukunga katoa i te taumata tukunga mō tētahi wā pūrongo. Ka whāngaihia tēnei ki te whakaaturanga ā-tau a te kamupene mō te Whānuitanga 3. Koinei ngā raraunga a ngā kaihoko e tuku ana i ngā pūrongo CSRD, e whakarite ana rānei mō te hiahiatanga ki te tutuki i te Ture SB 253 o California i roto i tētahi whakatakotoranga ka taea te arotake me te manatoko.” Kāore e ranea te kotahi tatauranga anake, me te kore he tuhinga tikanga – me mārama ngā kaihoko ki te huarahi i ahu mai ai ngā tau, he aha ngā paearu kua whakatinanahia, me te mea kua tirotirohia e tētahi rōpū tuatoru te tikanga.
Te Tūturutanga o te Tukunga Moana: He aha i Rerekē ai ngā Tukunga i te Whakaaro o te nuinga o ngā Kaituku
Ko tētahi wāhanga o te pūrongo waro utanga kāore i te tino mōhiotia whānuitia e pā ana ki te nui o ngā tukunga ka rerekē pea i runga i te huarahi, te kaipuke, te kaikawe, tae atu ki te āhua o te ao tōrangapū i runga i ngā huarahi hokohoko. I eke te kawe ipu moana o te ao ki te taumata teitei rawa atu o ngā tukunga waro i te tau 2024, nā te mea i huri haere ngā kaipuke i te taha o te Cape of Good Hope i muri i te pikinga ake o te pakanga i te Moana Whero. Ko te mahi kawe waka – te nui o ngā utanga i roto i ngā tana i whakareatia ki ngā maero moana i haerea – i piki ake i te 18% i te tau 2024 mai i te tau i mua atu, e ai ki ngā raraunga i tukuna e Xeneta me Marine Benchmark, ā, i piki ake ai ngā tukunga.
He mea nui tēnei papamuri nā te mea e whakaatu ana i te āhua o te rerekētanga o ngā tatauranga tukunga o tētahi kaipuke i whakamahi i te kaikawe kotahi me te huarahi kotahi i te tau 2023 me te tau 2024 mō ngā tau e rua, me te kore he hapa nā rātou ake. Ka whiwhi te kaihoko mātau i tēnei āhuatanga i te tohu. Engari e whakaatu ana hoki i te hiranga o te hoa mahi kawe waka e taea te tatau, te whakamārama me te tuhi i ēnei huringa.
E ai ki te Rautaki GHG 2023 a te IMO, kei reira ngā whāinga waenga o te whakaiti i te kaha waro 40% i te tau 2030 me te whāinga kore kupenga mō te wā roa i te tau 2050, i te tau rānei tata ki te tau 2050. Kua whakaurua te kawe waka moana ki roto i te Pūnaha Hokohoko Tukunga a te EU, e hiahia ana kia tukuna e ngā raina kaipuke ngā whakaaetanga waro – ko te utu i tēnei wā kei waenga i te 80 ki te 100 euros ($85-$106) mō ia tana mita o te CO2 – mō te wāhanga tipu haere o ā rātou tukunga. Ka tukuna ēnei utu ki ngā kaituku kaipuke i roto i te ahua o ngā Tauwehe Whakarerekētanga Waro i roto i ngā utu utanga. Ka taea e ngā kaikawe he whakatauranga CII pai ake te utu i ngā hanganga utu rerekē, nō reira kei te noho hei take te mahi tukunga i roto i te hoko utanga, ehara i te mea ko te pūrongo pumau anake.
| Aratau Uru | Tauwehenga Tukunga Noa (gCO2/tana-km) | Te Kaha Waro Whakawhanaunga | Wā Whakawhitiwhiti (Haina ki US) |
| Utauta Moana (Paerewa) | 10-20 g | Tino | 25-35 ra |
| Utauta Moana (I hurihia te ara mā Cape) | 20-35 g | Iti–Waenga (e whakawhirinaki ana ki te huarahi) | 35-50 ra |
| Reriwe (wāhanga Haina-Ūropi) | 20-40 g | wawaenga | 30-45 ra |
| Air Freight | 500-900 g | Nui rawa | 3-7 ra |
| Taraka Maero Whakamutunga (Ā-rohe o Amerika) | 80-150 g | Teitei mō ia kiromita | 1-5 ra |
Me pēhea te urupare a ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana me ngā kaituku utanga
Ko te pātai whaihua mō tētahi kaihoko Hainamana, kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe taonga rānei e mahi ana i te mākete o Amerika, koia tēnei: he aha tāu e mahi ai mō tēnei? Ko te otinga he huinga o te hanganga raraunga, te pūkenga tuhi tuhinga me te hoa mahi kawe taonga e tika ana.
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te aromatawai i ngā mea ka taea e tō kaikawe utanga o nāianei te tuku. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaikawe utanga kāore i te whai pūrongo tukunga e hototahi ana ki te ISO 14083 i roto i ā rātou ratonga noa. Ki te kore e taea e koe te tuku tatauranga CO2 taumata-tuku me te tauākī tikanga mārama, he āputa ka puta ake i te tīmatanga o ō kaihoko ki te whakauru i ngā taunakitanga tukunga ki roto i ā rātou whakaritenga hoko. Ko te wā hei whakakī i te āputa ko mua i te noho hei whakaritenga o te kirimana e te kaihoko.
Ko te wāhanga tuarua ko te whakatū i te mōhiotanga ā-roto mō ngā mea e tonoa ana e ngā kaihoko. Ko ngā tono ehara i te mea kia tino tika, engari kia whiwhi i ngā tatauranga pakari, e tautokona ana e te tikanga mahi, ka taea te arotake. He nui ake te painga o te tatau kua tuhia pai i runga i ngā āhuatanga tukunga kua pūrongohia i te kore raraunga. Mena ka taea e tō hoa mahi kawe te whakarato i te tau CO2e mō ia tukunga i runga i tētahi tikanga e mōhiotia ana, ā, ka whakaurua tēnā ki roto i ō tuhinga tukunga auau, kei mua koe i te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakataetae mō tēnei take.
Tuatoru, ko te whakahaere i te mahi. Ko te utanga moana te kōwhiringa kawe waka whakawhiti moana iti rawa te waro mai i Haina ki te US, me ngā āhuatanga tukunga tata ki te 25 ki te 50 ngā wā iti iho i te utanga rangi i runga i te tāne-kiromita. He whakaaro nui tēnei mō tetahi kaipuke e rapu ana ki te whakataurite i te utu me te tapuwae waro. "Ko te pānga nui rawa atu e pā ana ki te kaha waro o te utanga ko te moana me te rangi. Koinei hoki te kōwhiringa e tino pā tika ana ki te mea e puta ana i roto i te pūrongo Whānui 3 Kāwai 4 a te kaihoko."
Me pēhea te tautoko a Topway Shipping i te utanga e anga atu ana ki US me te aro nui ki te waro
I whakatūria i te tau 2010, ā, kei Shenzhen, Haina te pūtake, ko Topway Shipping tētahi kaiwhakarato matua o ngā otinga whakahaere hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe mō ngā kaihoko Hainamana e tuku ana ki Ūropi me te Hononga o Amerika. Neke atu i te 15 tau te wheako o te tīma whakatū i roto i ngā whakahaere whakahaere o te ao me te whakawātea tikanga, inā koa i roto i ngā ara hokohoko o Haina-US.
Ko te tauira ratonga a Topway e kapi ana i te mekameka whakahaere katoa – mai i te kohikohinga me te whakakotahitanga o te wāhanga tuatahi ki te utanga moana, te ao whānui whare patu, te whakawātea tikanga me te tuku whakamutunga. He mea nui tēnei tirohanga whānui ki te tuhinga waro: nā te mea ko Topway te rangatira mō te haerenga katoa o te uta (ehara i te mea kei waenganui), ka taea e ia te tuku raraunga tukunga whakakotahi puta noa i ngā wāhanga katoa o te haerenga, ehara i te wāhanga kotahi anake.
E whakarato ana te kamupene i ngā utanga moana utaina-katoa (FCL) me ngā utanga iti-i-te-utaina (LCL) mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga nui o Amerika, e tuku ana i te ngāwari ki ngā kaihokohoko ki te whakahaere i tā rātou tuku kaipuke, me te whai hua tonu mai i ngā painga waro o ngā utanga moana. Mō ngā utanga nui, taumaha rānei – he mākete motuhake kua hangaia e Topway he hanganga nui – ko te utanga moana te whiringa tūturu mō te tuku i ngā mea tae atu ki te 8 tana mita i roto i te wahi kotahi, i ngā rahinga neke atu i te 8 mita i te taha kotahi rānei. Koinei tonu ngā wāhi e tino uaua ana te tuhi tuhinga, ā, ko te whai hoa utanga e mārama ana ki ngā mahi whakahaere tinana me ngā whakaritenga pūrongo te mea tino whai hua.
I te mea kei te whanake haere tonu ngā tumanakohanga a ngā kaihoko mō ngā tuhinga tukunga, ko te whakapau kaha a Topway Shipping ki te kitea i roto i te mekameka katoa me ngā mahi whai-hangarau e taea ai te whai, e whakarato ana i te anga mō te momo raraunga taumata-tuku e hiahia ana ngā tīma hoko. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kirimana toa me ngā kirimana hinga mō ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana e ngana ana ki te noho ki mua i te pihi ko te piki haere o te mahi tahi me tētahi kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe e hanga ana i te māramatanga hei āhuatanga ratonga matua - ehara i te mea i muri mai.
He aha ngā mea ka tonoa e ngā kaihoko — ā, āhea
E ai ki ngā wā ture o nāianei me ngā ia o ngā hokohoko, anei tētahi tirohanga tūturu ki te āhua o ngā tono a ngā kaihoko mō ngā tuhinga tukunga waro i ngā tau torutoru e whai ake nei.
Ko ngā tono tino nui i te tau 2025 me te tau 2026 ko ngā whakarāpopototanga tukunga ā-tau mō ngā mahi kawe me ngā raraunga CO2 taumata kaipuke hei whakakī i ngā whakapuakitanga Whānui 3 Kāwai 4. Ko te nuinga mai i ngā umanga nui e pāngia ana e te EU, e whakahaerehia ana rānei i California. Ko ngā tono ka tukuna mā roto i ngā pātai a ngā kaiwhakarato i runga i ngā tūāpapa pēnei i te CDP Supply Chain, i te EcoVadis rānei, ā, i te tuatahi ka tangohia ngā whakatau tata e ahu mai ana i ngā whakapaunga me ngā raraunga motuhake ki te kaikawe mēnā e wātea ana.
Ka piki ake te pae i te tau 2027 me te 2028. Ko ngā kamupene e hipokina ana e te rā kati whakaaturanga Whānui 3 a California SB 253 me whai raraunga ka taea te arotake, tautokona e te tikanga i te taumata hua, i te taumata kaipuke rānei. Ko te toronga a te EU CSRD ki ngā hinonga ehara i te EU me te rerenga iho puta noa i ngā mekameka tuku o te ao, ko te tikanga ka pāngia ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana waenga-rahi e tuku ana i ngā kaihokohoko nui o Ūropi, o Amerika rānei e ngā whakaritenga ōrite. Koinei te wā ki te hanga i te hanganga raraunga, kaua e rua tau mai i nāianei.
E whakaatu ana te rangahau CO2 AI me te BSR mō ngā au hokohoko, i tua atu i te tau 2028, ka horapa atu te hiahia ki raro i ngā mekameka tuku, me te kapi ake i ngā kaiwhakarato taumata-2. Ka tū ngā kamupene ripoata tukunga ma o nāianei hei hoa rautaki pai ake, kaua hei kaihoko whakakapi. Ko taua rerekētanga te mea e akiaki ana i ngā tikanga kirimana, te pēhanga utu me te haere tonu o te pakihi.
| Rārangi Wā | Ngā mea ka tonoa pea e ngā kaihoko | Ko wai te mea tino pāngia? |
| 2025-2026 | Ngā whakarāpopototanga ā-Tau mō te Whānuitanga 3 Kāwai 4; ngā raraunga CO2e taumata-tukunga; ngā whakatauranga CII a te kaikawe | Ngā kamupene kawemai nui o Amerika me te whai wāhi ki te EU, ki ngā mahi rānei i California |
| 2027-2028 | Ngā pūrongo tuku ka taea te arotake, e hāngai ana ki te ISO 14083; ngā raraunga tapuwae waro taumata-hua | Ngā umanga waenga-ki-rahi i raro i te SB 253, i te CSRD rānei, i raro i te rerenga iho |
| 2028-2030 | Te kapinga o ngā kaiwhakarato Taumata-2; te manatoko tukunga e ngā rōpū tuatoru; ngā whāinga kaiwhakarato e hangai ana ki te SBTi | He mekameka tuku whānui ake; tae atu ki ngā kaihokohoko rahi-waenga me ngā kaituku kaipuke |
Opaniraa
Kāore e aro nui ana ki te oranga tonutanga te tuhi i ngā tukunga waro mai i ngā utanga e tukuna ana ki te US. He mahi hokohoko tēnei e puta ana i roto i ngā mekameka tuku pakihi nui, ā, ka heke iho ki ngā kaihoko taumata waenga i roto i ngā tau e rua ki te toru e whai ake nei. Ko ngā āhuatanga ture pēnei i te California SB 253, te CSRD, te whakaaturanga āhuarangi a te SEC me ngā whāinga kaipuke IMO kei te tūtaki ki te pēhanga arumoni mai i ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana ki ngā raraunga pono me te taea te arotake hei whakakī i ā rātou pūrongo Scope 3.
He wā pai ake mō ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana ki te whakarite, engari kāore i te tuwhera tonu. Ko ngā kamupene hanganga raraunga e whiriwhiri ana i ngā hoa mahi kawe raraunga e kaha ana ki te whakaputa tuhinga tukunga e rite ana ki te ISO, ā, e aro wawe ana ki ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki, ka kitea e rātou kei roto i te tūranga arumoni pai ake. Ki te tatari koe kia waiho te patai hei whakaritenga kirimana, ka nui ake te raruraru me te utu nui o te tukanga.
Kāore e taea te karo i te whakawhiti ki ngā mekameka tuku waro-mārama. Ko ngā mākete pūtea, ko ngā ture me te pēhanga e tipu haere ana o ngā pūnaha hokohoko ā-ao te mea e akiaki ana i tēnei. "Kia noho whakataetae ai i te mākete o Amerika, he mea nui kia mōhio ngā kamupene ki ngā mea e tonoa ana e ngā kaihoko, he aha rātou i tono ai, me pēhea hoki te whakautu me ngā raraunga pono."
FAQs
P: Kei te hiahiatia e te tari tāke o Amerika he tuhinga tukunga waro mō ngā taonga kawemai i tēnei wā?
A: Kāo. Kāore a US Customs and Border Protection e hiahia ana kia ripoatahia ngā tukunga waro hei wāhanga o te tukanga whakaae kawemai. Ko ngā whakaritenga tuhinga kua whakahuatia i roto i tēnei tuhinga i ahu mai i ngā kaupapa here hoko a te taha kaihoko me ngā ture ā-rohe/ao e pā ana ki ngā kaikawemai, ehara i te tukanga tikanga. Engari ka rerekē pea tēnei i te whanaketanga o ngā aratohu ā-motu a US mō te whakaaturanga āhuarangi.
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā tukunga o te Whānuitanga 1, Whānuitanga 2, me te Whānuitanga 3?
A: Kei roto i te Whānuitanga 1 ngā tukunga mai i ngā rawa kei a te kamupene, kei te whakahaere rānei, tae atu ki ngā tukunga mai i tētahi kāhui taraka kei a te kamupene. Ko te Whānuitanga 2 ko ngā tukunga ā-korekore mai i te pūngao kua hokona, pērā i te hiko i roto i te whare putunga. Ka hipokina e te Whānuitanga 3 ngā tukunga ā-korekore tāpiri katoa mā te mekameka uara, ā, kei roto hoki ko te utanga e whakamahia ana e te kamupene hei kawe taonga. Ko te nuinga o ngā kawemai ka whai Whānuitanga 3 Kāwai 4 (Te Kawe me te Tohatoha o Runga) mō ngā utanga moana mai i Haina ki te US.
P: Me pēhea te tatau i te tukunga CO2 mai i tētahi uta utanga moana?
A: Ko te tikanga ka tatauhia tēnei mā te whakarea i te taumaha o te uta (i roto i ngā tāne) mā te tawhiti i haerea (i roto i ngā kiromita) mā te tauwehenga tukunga o te kaipuke (karamu o te CO2 mō ia tāne-kiromita). Hei tauira, ko te uta o te 10 tāne e haere ana i te 18,000 km i runga i te kaipuke me te tauwehenga tukunga o te 15 gCO2/tāne-kiromita ka tukuna he tata ki te 2.7 tāne ine o te CO2. Ko te tau tuturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo kaipuke, te tauwehenga kawenga me te haerenga. Ka mahia tēnei i roto i te huarahi pūnaha, ka taea te arotake, e ai ki ngā whakaritenga tikanga i whakaratohia e ISO 14083 me te Anga GLEC.
P: He aha te whakatauranga CII, ā, he pānga ki taku utanga?
A: Ko te Waro Intensity Indicator (CII) he kaupapa whakatauranga i whakawhanakehia e te IMO, e whakatau ana i ngā waka moana i runga i te tauine mai i te A (pai rawa atu) ki te E (kino rawa atu) e ai ki ā rātou tukunga CO2 mō ia waeine o te kaha kawe. Ko ngā kaipuke he whakatauranga D mō ngā tau e toru, he whakatauranga E rānei mō te tau kotahi me whai mahere mahi whakatikatika ā-ture e pā ana ki te wātea o ā rātou mahi. Mō ngā kaipuke, ko te whakamahinga o ngā poti he whakatauranga CII teitei ake te nuinga o te wā ka arahi i ngā āhuatanga tukunga iti ake mō ā rātou tukunga, he mea tika mō te pūrongo Whānui 3. He maha ngā kaihoko kua tīmata kē ki te pātai mō ngā whakatauranga CII o ngā kaipuke e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi whakahaere a ā rātou kaiwhakarato.
P: Me pēhea te āwhina a Topway Shipping ki te tuhi i ngā tukunga waro?
A: Mā Topway Shipping e whakahaere te mekameka kawe waka katoa mai i Haina ki te US, e kapi ana i te kohikohinga, te utanga moana, te whare putunga o tāwāhi, te tukatuka tikanga, me te tuku whakamutunga. Mā tēnei tirohanga pito-ki-pito ka taea te aroturuki i ngā tukunga puta noa i ngā wāhanga kawe waka katoa. Mō ngā kaihokohoko e tīmata ana ki te kite i ngā tono a ngā kiritaki mō ngā raraunga waro, he painga nui te mahi tahi me tētahi hoa kawe waka e rere tuwhera ana puta noa i te mekameka katoa – ā, ka taea te tautoko i ngā hiahia tuhinga i te tipu haere o ngā paerewa pūrongo.
