Ngā Whakamārama mō ngā Tāpiri CNY ki Ahitereiria: PSS, GRI, me ngā Utu Huna
Kupu Whakataki
Ki te kawe koe i tetahi mea mai i Haina ki Ahitereiria, e mōhio ana koe ko te utu e kitea ana e koe i runga i te whakatau utu kāore rawa i te utu ka utua e koe. I te wā o te Tau Hou Hainamana (CNY), ka kaha ake tēnei pānga: ka kuiti haere ngā kaupapa mahi, ka whakaitihia ngā haerenga a ngā kaikawe, ka nekehia ngā taputapu, ā, ka uaua te kimi wāhi. Nā tēnei ka puta he maha ngā utu wā poto ki runga i ngā nama nama he ingoa tauhou, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta mai i te wā kino rawa atu mō te whakamahere i ngā taonga.
Ka kōrerohia i roto i tēnei tuhinga ngā utu e pā ana ki te CNY ki Ahitereiria, pērā i te PSS me te GRI. Ka whakamāramahia anō hoki ngā "utu huna" e whakapiki puku ana i tō utu whenua. Ehara i te mea kia ako koe i ngā kupu tuku kaipuke, engari kia mārama koe ki ngā take o ēnei utu, me pēhea te whakatau, me pēhea te puta mai i ngā momo tuku, me ngā mea ka taea e koe te mahi hei karo i aua utu.
Te Mārama ki te Take e Hurihia ai te Utu o te Utauta Moana i te Tau Hou o te Tau Hou
Ka rerekē tonu ngā utu utanga moana, ehara i te mea kotahi noa iho. Ka aro atu ngā kaikawe me ngā kaituku uta ki te tono, te kaha o te kaipuke, te kikī o te tauranga, te wātea o ngā ipu, me te pono o te whatunga. Ka whakanuia e te Tau Hou Hainamana ēnei mea katoa i te wā kotahi.
I mua i te hararei, ko ngā wheketere i Haina te tikanga ka tukuna atu ngā taonga, ka puta he "tihi i mua i te Tau Hou." Kātahi ka mutu te mahi whakaputa i te hararei, ka whakaroa i ngā mahi kawe taonga i runga whenua, ka puta he "āputa i muri i te Tau Hou" ka whakararu i ngā huringa taputapu me ngā rā tuku. He mea noa kia whakaroahia e ngā kaikawe ngā haerenga kua whakaritea ina heke te tono mō te wā poto, engari me whai wā anō hoki rātou ki te neke i ngā ipu kau ki te wāhi ka tīmata anō ngā kaweake.
Ka pāngia ngā huarahi tere ki Ahitereiria, ki Ahitereiria hoki, ahakoa he tawhiti te wāhi i ngā rōpū ahumahi o Haina. Ina uaua te kimi wāhi, ka whakaae te mākete ki te utu tāpiri mō te wāhi kua oti te whakarite. Koia te take he wā noa te matapihi CNY e nui ai ngā utu tāpiri.
Kupu Matua #1: PSS (Taumaha o te Wā Piki)
Te Tikanga o te PSS i roto i te Mahi
Ko te PSS te whakarāpopototanga mō te Peak Season Surcharge. Ahakoa kei roto i te ingoa te kupu "summer peak", ehara i te mea koinā anake te tikanga. Ka whakamahia e ngā kaikawe tēnei tāpiri hei mahi moni ina nui ake te tono i te wāhi e wātea ana, ina tatari rānei rātou ki te taumahatanga mahi, ā, e hiahia ana rātou ki te whakauru i te mōrearea.
Ina tukuna ngā taonga mai i Haina ki Ahitereiria mō te CNY pea, ka puta pinepine te PSS nā te mea he maha ngā kaituku e hiahia ana kia tae ā rātou taonga ki tō rātou ūnga i mua i te kati o ngā wheketere. Tērā pea me whakaiti e ngā kaikawe te kaha o ā rātou taonga, me aro atu rānei ki te kore taurite o ngā taputapu. Ahakoa ka noho tonu tō rahinga i ia marama, ka taea tonu te PSS nā ngā āhuatanga o te mākete.
Te Utu o te PSS
Mō ngā tuku FCL, ko te PSS te tikanga ka utua mō ia ipu, ā, mō ngā tuku LCL, ka utua mō ia rōrahi (CBM) me te taumaha (W/M). Engari ka taea te whakarerekē i te waeine me te nui i runga i te kaikawe, te huarahi, me te momo kirimana. Ko tētahi raruraru noa ko te whakarewatanga, te whakarerekētanga, te whakaroa rānei i te PSS me te kore whakamōhiotanga.
Ki te kite koe i te "Ocean Freight: $X" me te "PSS: $Y," kāore tēnā e tohu ana i "tāpiri" tetahi i tētahi utu i muri i te huihuinga. Ko te tikanga he tohu tēnei kua tukuna e te kaikawe he pānui utu hou mō taua wā, ā, kua whakaurua tō uta ki roto.
He aha te āhua matapōkere o te PSS
Kāore e rite tonu te whakamahinga o te PSS mō ia haerenga waka. Tērā pea he nui ake te PSS o tētahi kaipuke i tētahi atu i taua haerenga anō nā te mea he rerekē te wāhi. Mēnā ka kī rawa tetahi haerenga waka, ka piki ake te pēhanga tāpiri.
Koinei hoki te take kāore e mahi tonu te "pukapuka wawe". Ki te pukapuka wawe koe, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka whiwhi koe i tētahi wāhi, engari kāore he taurangi kāore he utu tāpiri. Ko tāna mahi he whakaiti i te tūponotanga ka nekehia koe ki tētahi kaipuke o muri ake nei he nui ake te utu tāpiri mō te wiki.
Kupu Matua #2: GRI (Te Pikinga Reiti Whānui)
He aha te GRI Tuturu
Ko te Whakanuinga Reiti Whānui te tikanga o te GRI. He maha ngā wā ka huri te GRI ki te reiti utanga taketake, engari he mārama te tohu o te PSS hei utu tāpiri. E ai ki ngā kaikawe ka piki ake te reiti utanga "whānui" mā te nui motuhake mai i tētahi rā kua whakaritea.
Arā, ko te GRI he panoni i te reiti, ehara i te utu mō tētahi taonga motuhake. Inaa, he maha ngā kōrero e whakaatu ana i tēnei hei rārangi motuhake kia taea ai e te mākete te whakataurite i te "reiti turanga" me te "pikinga". Engari he rite tonu te pānga ōhanga: he nui ake te utu o tō utanga moana.
He aha i noa ai ngā GRI i te wā o te CNY
Ka whai ngā kaikawe ki te tautuhi anō i ngā utu i mua atu me muri mai i te CNY. Tērā pea ka whakapiki ake rātou i ngā reiti nā te mea e tumanako ana rātou he nui ngā pakihi, ka ngana rānei rātou ki te pupuri i ngā reiti kia rite tonu i te mea ka iti haere te kaha. I ētahi wā ka panuitia he maha ngā GRI karapīpiti, ā, ki te heke te tono, kāore e "piri" katoa.
Mō ngā taonga e haere ana ki Ahitereiria, ka taea te whakarite i ngā GRI kia uru ki te whakamahere whatunga, ngā aho kaipuke, me ngā taputapu nekeneke. Ehara i te mea onge te panuitanga o tētahi GRI mō tētahi wiki, kātahi ka whakarerekētia, ka whakaroahia, ka whakatinanahia rānei i runga i te urupare a te mākete.
GRI vs PSS: Te Rerekētanga Māmā
Koinei te mea nui hei maumahara: ko te PSS he utu tāpiri i runga ake, ko te GRI ia he pikinga ake i te reiti turanga. Ka nui ake te utu mō ēnei mea e rua, ā, ka taea hoki te tupu i te wā kotahi.
Kupu Matua #3: Ngā Utu Huna Kāore i te Whakamāramahia i te Wā Katoa
Te Raru o te "All-In" Ehara i te mea he All-In Tuturu
He maha ngā kaituku kaipuke e tono ana kia utua he utu "katoa-roto" kia kore ai e ohorere. He tika tēnā, engari he maha ngā huarahi e whakamahia ai te kupu "katoa-roto" i roto i te umanga kawe taonga. Ko ētahi o ngā utu e whakauru ana i ngā mea katoa tae atu ki te tauranga, engari kāore i te whare putunga. Ko ētahi he utu katoa-roto mo te uta moana, engari kāore i roto ko ngā utu haerenga. Ko ētahi kei roto ko ngā utu ā-rohe engari kāore ko ngā utu mo ngā tirotiro, ngā ture, ngā āhuatanga ohorere rānei.
Ko te utu CNY te wā e tino pāngia ai ēnei āputa nā te mea kua rerekē kē ngā utu taketake, ā, tērā pea ka nui haere te rerekētanga o te utu whakamutunga mō te whenua mena ka nui ake ngā tāpiri iti.
Ngā Utu Huna Noa hei Mataara
Ko tētahi rōpū ko te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga me te tuhi tuhinga. Mēnā kāore ngā tuhinga i oti i te wā tika, kāore rānei i oti, ka ngaro pea te utanga i te haerenga kua whakaritea, ā, me tatari mō te kaipuke e whai ake nei, ka iti ake pea te utu nā te huringa tāpiritanga hou. Ehara tēnā i te "utu" i te tikanga tino tika, engari ka huri hei utu.
Kei roto i tētahi atu rōpū ko ngā utu mō ngā tauranga me ngā taunga kaipuke i te tīmatanga me te mutunga o tētahi haerenga. Tērā pea ko ngā utu mō te tukatuka i ngā ipu i te taunga kaipuke, ngā utu ratonga tauranga, ngā utu papa ipu, me ētahi atu utu ā-rohe e rerekē ana i ia tauranga ki ia tauranga, i ia taunga kaipuke ki ia taunga kaipuke, me ia kaikawe ki ia kaikawe.
Tērā anō ngā pānga ki te kawe taraka me te waka. I te wā e tere ana te CNY, ka uaua ake te tiki me te tuku i ngā mea. Mena kāore anō ō taonga kia rite i te taenga atu o te taraka, me utu pea koe i ētahi atu utu mō te tuku anō, te wā tatari, te hurihanga rānei e puta tonu ana.
Ko tētahi atu wāhanga kāore i te tino whakaarohia e te tini ko te inihua. Kāore ētahi o ngā kaituku taonga e hoko inihua hei penapena moni, engari i te wā pukumahi, tera pea ka nui ake te utu mō te whakaroa, te whakahaere hē rānei i te piremi. Ehara tēnei i te utu tāpiri; he wāhanga noa iho o te pikitia utu tuturu.
He Ripanga Whakataurite Whaihua: Te Putanga Mai o ngā Utu
Ka rerekē ngā taitara me ngā nui o ngā utu i runga i te mākete, engari e whakaatu ana te ripanga i raro nei i te whakatakotoranga o ngā momo utu rerekē.
| Momo Karauna | He aha tena | Te Whakamahinga i te nuinga o te wā | Kei hea koe e kite ai | He aha i piki ake ai te uara huri noa i te CNY |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSS | Te Utu Utu o te Waa Nui | Mō ia ipu (FCL) mō ia CBM/W/M (LCL) rānei | Tūemi rārangi motuhake | Te kikī o te wāhi me te kore taurite o ngā taputapu |
| Ko te GRI | Whakanuia Reiti Ahunui | Te pikinga ki te utu utanga moana taketake | He maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia, ka whakaaturia rānei hei pikinga | Ka ngana te Kaikawe ki te tautuhi anō i ngā utu i te wā tino pīki |
| BAF | Tauwehenga Whakatikatika o te Pūngao (e pā ana ki te wahie) | Mō ia ipu, mō ia waeine rānei | Tūemi rārangi motuhake | Te rerekētanga o te wahie me ngā huringa whatunga |
| CAF | Moni Whakatikatika Tauira | Mō ia ipu, mō ia waeine rānei | Tūemi rārangi motuhake | Ngā rerekētanga FX me te ārai i ngā kaikawe |
| THC | Utu Whakahaere Kapeka | Utu ā-rohe i te pūtake/taunga | Nama takenga mai, nama ūnga rānei | Te noho puku o te taunga rererangi me ngā utu whakahaere |
| DOC | Utu tuhinga | Ia tukunga | Nama tuku | Te nui haere o te mahi, ngā herenga kaimahi i mua i te hararei |
| Te mauhere/Demurrage | Ngā whiu e hangai ana ki te wā | Ia rā i muri i te wā waatea | Nama ūnga | Ngā whakaroa, te pupuhi o te waka, te puhoi o te pikinga i te wā pīki |
Kaua e wehi i tēnei rārangi. E whakaatu ana tēnei he maha ngā wāhanga neke o tētahi uta i runga moana e āhua "māmā noa iho" ana, ā, ka nui ake te whakanui o te nekehanga i te wā o te CNY.
Te Taunekeneke a PSS me GRI ki ngā Tukunga FCL me LCL
FCL: Ngā Wāhanga Nui Ake, Ngā Huringa Reiti Nui Ake
Ki te FCL, he māmā ake ngā utu pēnei i te PSS nā te mea ka utua mō ia ipu. Ki te tuku koe i te neke atu i te kotahi ipu, ka mārama, ka tere tonu te pānga. Ka nui hoki ngā GRI nā te mea ka tere te huri o ngā utu taketake mō ia ipu i ngā haerenga kaipuke rongonui.
I te wā o te Tau Hou o Amerika, he uaua te FCL, ehara i te mea nā te utu anake, engari nā te mea kāore i te rawaka ngā taputapu e wātea ana. Me whai tonu koe i te momo ipu tika i te wāhi tika i te wā tika, ahakoa kua rite koe ki te utu. Ka nui ake te hiranga o te whakamahere mena ka whakawhirinaki tō mekameka tuku ki ētahi momo taputapu, pērā i ngā ipu poraka teitei.
LCL: He maha atu ngā tūemi raina, he maha atu ngā tuhinga pai
Nā te mea i ētahi wā ka ahu mai ngā utu i ngā ture taumaha, i ngā ture mehua rānei, mō ia CBM rānei, ka nui ake pea ngā whakarārangitanga o te LCL. Tērā pea ka puta te PSS hei utu tāpiri mō ia CBM, ā, mā te whakahaere i te ūnga ka tāpirihia ētahi taonga mō ia tuku me ia waeine.
He pai te mahi a te LCL mō ngā moni iti ake, engari ka roa ake te wā ki te whakakotahi i te CNY. Tērā pea ka roa ake te tatari o ngā tuku ki te pūtake mena kāore e taea e te kaiwhakakotahi te hanga tere i tētahi pouaka katoa. Mā taua wā tatari ka hiahia koe ki te penapena i ngā mea ki roto i tētahi whare putunga, ki te whakarerekē rānei i te huarahi e haere ai koe, ka huri ai te turanga utu.
He aha i puta ai ngā "utu huna" ahakoa kāore he tangata e tinihanga ana
He māmā noa te whakaaro kei reira ngā utu huna nā te mea kei te ngana tetahi ki te tahae moni. Ka puta tēnei i ētahi wā i te mākete, engari i te nuinga o te wā nā te āhua o te whakaritenga o ngā mea.
Ka piki, ka heke ngā utu kawe. Ka rerekē ngā utu o ngā tauranga. Ka rerekē ngā utu o ngā taunga rererangi. Ka rerekē te mākete taraka i ia rā. Ka taea anake e te kaituku uta te tuku utu i runga i tā rātou e mōhio ana i taua wā me ngā mea kei roto i tā rātou mana whakahaere. Ko ngā "utu huna" he "utu kāore i hipokina e te whānuitanga" mena kāore te whakatau utu e kī ana he aha te whānuitanga.
Koia te take e kore ai e pātaihia "He iti te utu mō tēnei utu?" engari "He aha tonu ngā mea kei roto, ā, āhea ka rerekē?" Ka tere te huri o ngā mea puta noa i te Tau Hou o te Reo Pākehā.
Me pēhea te whakaiti i te mōrearea tāpiritanga o te CNY me te kore e matapae i te mākete
Kāore he huarahi kotahi e tau ana ki te katoa hei whakakore i ngā utu katoa, engari ka taea e koe te whakaiti i ngā mea ohorere me te ārai i ngā hapa tino utu nui.
Ko tētahi huarahi pai hei mahi i tēnei ko te kati i te rite o ngā utanga i mua atu i te wā noa. Mēnā ka roa rawa te tākai, te tapanga, te whakarite rānei i ngā pepa mō te kaweake, ka taea e tō uta te neke ki tētahi atu wiki tāpiri. Mā taua hapa iti i te wā ka nui ake te utu i te rerekētanga o te utu utanga i whakaaetia e koe.
Ko tētahi atu huarahi hei mahi i tēnei ko te tāpiri i tētahi ārai ki tō rautaki tuku taonga. Mena me kawe e koe ngā taonga ki Ahitereiria i mua i tētahi rā kua whakaritea, whakaarohia te Tau Hou o Amerika hei wā pōuri, ā, whakaritea kia tae wawe mai. Tērā pea he iti ake te utu mō te tuku wawe i te tuku i roto i tētahi āhuatanga ohorere ā muri ake nei.
Me whakaaro anō hoki koe ki te ngāwari o te huarahi. I ētahi wā, ka taea e koe te karo i ngā haerenga waka pukumahi mā te huri ki tētahi atu takirua tauranga, mā te roa ake rānei o te wā whakawhiti. Kei te tere o tō hiahia ki tō hua me ngā tumanakohanga a ō kaihoko tēnei.
Hei whakamutunga, me mahi tahi me ngā hoa mahi e taea ai te whakamārama tika i te mahi a ngā utu. Ina taea e te kaituku taonga te kī atu ki a koe ko ēhea utu e whakahaerehia ana e te kaikawe, te taunga rererangi, me te whakahaere, ka taea e koe te whakatau whakaaro nui ake, kaua e whakautu noa ki ngā pire.
Opaniraa
Ehara i te mea he utu tauhou noa iho ngā utu tāpiri mō te tuku CNY ki Ahitereiria; he rōpū pūnaha utu e aro ana ki ngā raruraru tūturu me te kaha, te rere o ngā taputapu, me te pumau o te mahi. Ko te PSS he utu tāpiri mō te tihi, engari ko te GRI he pikinga nui ake ki ngā utu uta moana taketake. Kei reira anō ngā whakapaunga huna e puta mai ana i ngā āputa o te whānuitanga, ngā huringa o te taunga rererangi me te taraka ā-rohe, me ngā huringa o te wātaka e neke ana i ngā tuku ki ngā matapihi utu rerekē.
Ki te whakaaro koe ki te Tau Hou o te Kirihimete hei huihuinga ā-tau noa, ā, ka roa ake te wā e whakamaheretia ai ō pukapuka, ō pepa mahi, me te whakarite utanga i te wā e tika ana, ka taea e koe te karo i ngā utu tāpiri ohorere kino rawa atu, me te pupuri i te utu taunga kia pumau ahakoa i ngā wiki e piki haere ana, e heke ana ngā utu.
FAQs
P: He aha te rerekētanga matua i waenga i te PSS me te GRI?
A: Ko te PSS he utu tāpiri e pā ana ki te utu utanga i ngā wā pukumahi, ko te GRI ia he pikinga whānui o te utu utanga. Ka whakapiki ake rāua i tō utu katoa, engari he rerekē ngā huarahi me ngā wā e mahia ana e rāua.
P: Kāore e taea te karo i ngā utu tāpiri CNY ina tukuna ana mai i Haina ki Ahitereiria?
A: Kāore i te mea he mea nui i ngā wā katoa, ahakoa he maha ngā wā e puta mai ana. Ahakoa kāore e taea te ārai i ēnei, ka taea e koe te whakaiti i tō tūponotanga mā te whakarite wawe, me te whakarite kia rite ō utanga, me te kore e huri ki ngā wā utu nui ake.
P: He aha i mutu ai ngā utu tāpiri mō ngā whakahua "katoa-roto"?
A: Tērā pea ka kapi noa i te "katoa-roto" tētahi wāhi motuhake, pērā i te uta moana ki tētahi tauranga, ā, kāore e uru ana ngā utu ūnga, ngā tirotiro motuhake, te rokiroki, te wehenga/te pupuri, ngā utu kawe tāpiri rānei ka puta ake i muri i te pukapuka. Ko te mea nui ko te whakamārama i te whānuitanga me ngā āhuatanga whakarerekētanga.
P: He nui ake ngā utu huna mō ngā tuku LCL i ngā tuku FCL?
A: He nui ake ngā utu taipitopito mō ngā tuku LCL nā te mea ka wehea ngā utu i waenga i te whakakotahitanga, te whakahaere, me ngā tataunga mō ia wae. Ehara i te mea he kino te LCL, engari me tirotiro pai ake koe i ngā mea kua whakaurua.
P: Me pēhea taku matapae tika ake i te tapeke o ngā utu whenua i te wā o te CNY?
A: Tonoa he whakatau utu e wehewehe ana i te utunga taketake, ngā utu tāpiri a te kaikawe, me ngā utu ā-rohe, kātahi ka tono kia whakamāramahia ko ēhea ngā mea kua whakaritea, ko ēhea hoki ka rerekē. Whakaarohia hoki te mōrearea o ngā whakaroa ka arahi pea ki ngā utu rokiroki, ki ngā utu wā rānei.
P: Ka taea e te kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe taonga te āwhina ki te whakaiti i ēnei ohorere e pā ana ki te CNY?
A: Āe. Kāore te kaiwhakarato matatau e tuku noa i te utu ki a koe; ka āwhina hoki rātou i a koe ki te whakamahere i te wā e tuhi ai, te wā e tuku ai i ngā pepa, me pēhea te whakatau i te huarahi pai, me ngā utu kei roto. Ko Topway Shipping, kei Shenzhen, Haina, he kaiwhakarato ngaio mō ngā otinga whakahaere hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe mai i te tau 2010. Neke atu i te 15 tau te wheako o tā mātou tīma whakatū i roto i ngā whakahaere whakahaere o te ao me te whakakore tikanga, me te arotahi motuhake ki te tuku kaipuke i waenga i te US me Haina. Ka hipokina e ā mātou ratonga te mekameka whakahaere whakahaere katoa, mai i te kawe waka tuatahi ki te takutai moana. whare patu ki te whakawātea tikanga ki te tuku whakamutunga. Kei a mātou anō ngā ratonga utanga moana mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga matua o te ao, he maha ngā whakamahinga mō ngā tuku utanga ipu-katoa (FCL) me ngā tuku utanga ipu-iti iho i te utaina ipu (LCL).
