Te Tukunga DAP mai i Haina ki te UK: Te Tukanga Whakawātea me ngā Utu
Kupu Whakataki
Ki te tuku taonga koe mai i Haina ki te United Kingdom i raro i ngā tikanga DAP, kua rongo pea koe i te rerenga kotahi mai i ngā taha e rua o te whakaaetanga: "I kī koe kua tukuna, nō reira he aha te take o tēnei nama?" He mārama te whakapoauautanga. Ko te DAP, he whakarāpopototanga mō te Delivered at Place, he rite ki te oati tatau-ki-te-tatau, engari ka waiho mārire he mahi nui ki te kaihoko. Ko taua mahi ko te whakawātea kawemai o te UK, me te takoha me te VAT e haere tahi mai ana. Ina kore te kaihoko e tumanako ki taua pire, ka noho te utanga ki te tauranga, ka tīmata te rokiroki me te reti, ā, ka raru te whanaungatanga arumoni pai i runga i tētahi raruraru i tino matapaetia.
Kei te tere haere hoki te kaupapa. I roto i te Tahua o te Ngahuru 2025, i whakaū te kāwanatanga o te UK ka tangohia te whakahekenga takoha ritenga mō ngā kawemai iti te uara, £135 te uara, iti iho rānei, me te rā roa o Poutū-te-rangi 2029. Ko ngā pūrongo i muri mai i te panuitanga a te kāwanatanga i te Hōngongoi 2026 e tohu ana i te tapahi o mua o Oketopa 2028. I taua wā, i whakaurua e te Kotahitanga o Europi he takoha rangitahi €3 mō ngā mōkihi iti te uara mai i te 1 o Hōngongoi 2026, ā, i whakamutua e te Hononga o Amerika tana ake whakakorenga de minimis i te tau 2025. Ko ngā kaihoko i hanga ā rātou moni whiwhi i runga i te urunga kore takoha ki ngā mākete o te Hauāuru me whakatauira i tētahi heke mai tino rerekē.
E whakamārama ana tēnei aratohu i te mahi a te DAP i ngā ara mai i Haina ki te UK, me pēhea te whakahaere i te whakaaetanga tikanga o te UK mai i te wā i whakaingoatia ai te kaipuke ki te wā i tangohia ai te taraka, ko ēhea utu ka puta i te huarahi, me te tangata e utu ana i ia utu. He mea tuhi tēnei mō ngā kaihokohoko ki tāwāhi, ngā kaihoko whakawhiti-rohe me ngā kaihokohoko kawemai o te UK e hiahia ana ki ngā taipitopito mahi kaua ki te ariā. Ko ngā tatauranga utu katoa he whānuitanga whakamahere tohu, ā, me whakaū tonu e koe ki tētahi whakatau utu tuhituhi ora i mua i tō whakaae ki te tuku.
Te Tikanga o te DAP mō ngā Tukunga mai i Haina ki te UK
Ko te whakamāramatanga o Incoterms 2020 i te reo māmā
I raro i te DAP, ka whakarite te kaihoko, ka utu hoki mō te kawe ki tētahi wāhi kua tohua hei ūnga ki te UK. Ko taua wāhi pea ko te whare putunga o te kaihoko i Birmingham, he pokapū whakatutuki i Daventry, he wāhanga tohatoha rānei i Manchester. Ka kiia ngā taonga kua tukuna ina tukuna ki te kaihoko i runga i te huarahi kawe e tae mai ana, kua rite mō te tango. Ka tukuna te mōrearea ki te kaihoko i taua wā tonu. I mua i tērā, ka mauria e te kaihoko te whakaaetanga kaweake ki Haina, ngā utu takenga mai, te utanga matua me te mōrearea o te ngaronga, te kino rānei i te wā e kawe ana.
E rua ngā kōrero e tika ana kia aro nui atu i te mea e kitea ana i te nuinga o te wā. Ko te tuatahi, me tino tika te wāhi kua whakahuatia. Ko te kirimana e kī ana "DAP London" e tono ana i tētahi tautohetohe mō te tuku a te kaihoko ki tētahi taunga waka i Tilbury, ki tētahi whare putunga rānei i Enfield, ko te "DAP Unit 4, Trafford Park, Manchester" kāore he wāhi mō te ruarua. Ko te tuarua, kāore te DAP e whakauru i te tango uta i te ūnga. Mena ka tae mai te taraka, ā, kāore he tangata i te papaanga e tuhi ana i tētahi forklift, i tētahi taunga uta rānei, kāore te tautohe e pā ana ki te nama nama, engari mō te wā tatari me te tangata e utu ana.
DAP whakaritea ki a EXW me DDP
Ko te huarahi māmā ki te mārama ki te DAP ko te whakanoho i waenganui i ngā kupu e rua e whakapoauau pinepinetia ana e ngā kaihoko. Ko te EXW te kaikawe i ngā mea katoa ki te kaihoko, tae atu ki te tuku kaweake i Haina. Ko te DDP te kaikawe i ngā mea katoa ki te kaihoko, tae atu ki te takoha UK me te VAT. Kei waenganui te DAP: ka nekehia e te kaihoko ngā taonga tae noa ki te wāhitau UK, engari ko te kaihoko te rangatira mō te whakapuakitanga kawemai me ngā taake.
Ripanga 1: Te wehenga kawenga i raro i te EXW, DAP me te DDP mō ngā tuku mai i Haina ki te UK
| Tūmahi | NGĀ | DAP | DDP |
| Ko te tuku ki waho i Haina | kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te waka matua ki te UK | kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Tukunga ki te wāhi kua whakaingoatia i te UK | kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te whakapuakitanga tikanga kawemai o te UK | kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te takoha tikanga o te UK | kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| UK kawemai VAT | kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te wetewete i te ūnga | kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
He maha ngā wheketere Hainamana e pai ake ana ki te DAP nā te mea ka kore rātou e rēhita mō te VAT UK, e whakatū rānei i tētahi māngai tikanga, e rua ngā mea e hiahiatia ana hei whakahaere i tētahi tuku DDP tūturu. He rerekē te take e pai ai ngā kawemai o te UK ki tēnei. Ka taea e tētahi pakihi kua rēhita ki te VAT te whakamahi i te kaute VAT kua whakaroahia, te whiriwhiri i tana ake kaihokohoko tikanga me te pupuri i te mana whakahaere pakari mō te whakarōpūtanga me te aromatawai, he mea uaua ki te mahi ina whakahaerehia e te kaihoko ngā mea katoa mai i tētahi atu whenua.
He whakatūpato mō ngā kaihoko tuatahi o te UK
Ko te ngoikore o te DAP ko te kaihoko kāore anō kia kawemai i mua. Hei whakaputa i tētahi whakapuakitanga kawemai arumoni ki te UK, me whai nama GB EORI te kaikawemai, he kore utu engari me tono mā te HMRC, ā, me whai kaihokohoko, he kaha ā-roto rānei ki te tuku i te whakaurunga. He iti noa te wā o tētahi pakihi iti e kitea ana tēnei whakaritenga i te wā e tata ana te kaipuke ki Felixstowe ki te whakaoti i tēnei.
He nui ake te koi o te raruraru i roto i te hokohoko pakihi-ki-te-kaihoko. Mēnā ka tukuna ngā taonga e te kaihoko i raro i te DAP, ā, ka tonoa te kaihoko whakamutunga kia utu i te VAT, i te takoha rānei i te tatau o te whare, ka puta ake ngā amuamu, ngā tuku kua whakakahoretia, me ngā utu whakahoki. Koinei tētahi o ngā take e whakamahi ana te nuinga o ngā kaihoko hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe i te kaupapa utanga momo DAP mō te wāhanga matua, kātahi ka utua ngā takoha i mua i te wā mā te kaiwhakarato ratonga, kia rite tonu te wheako o te kaihoko ki te DDP.
Ngā Mea Kua Hurihia i Ngā Ture Kawemai o te UK i Nāianei
Mō te nuinga o ngā tau e rima kua pahure ake nei, i whakamahia e ngā kaihoko pōkai o te UK tētahi ture māmā: ka taea te whakauru mai i ngā uta e £135 te uara, iti iho rānei, me te kore he takoha tikanga, ahakoa i kohia te VAT i te wā hoko mai i Hanuere 2021. Kei te wā nama taua ture ināianei. I whakaū te Tahua o te Ngahuru 2025 ka tangohia te whakahekenga takoha i mua i te Maehe 2029, ā, i whakaarohia e te hui tahi me ngā kaihoko, me ngā mākete ipurangi e whakahaere ana i ā rātou hoko, kia whai kawenga mō te utu i te takoha. Mō ngā kaihoko o tāwāhi kāore he whare UK, i tukuna anō hoki e te hui tahi te whakamahinga o tētahi māngai pūtea o te UK.
Ko te rahi o te take te whakamārama i te tere o te mahi. Kua whakatau tata te HMRC e 600 miriona ngā uta iti te uara i tae mai ki te UK i te tau 2024. Ko ngā whakaaro kei raro i te matapakinga ko te whakahaere i tētahi tari utu iti te uara, ngā whakaritenga raraunga whai kiko mō ia uta, me te utu whakahaere pea hei utu i ngā tirotiro rohe. Kua tautohe ngā rōpū ahumahi pēnei i te ICAEW kua roa rawa te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2029, ā, ko te pūrongo hou mō te rā kati o Oketopa 2028 e kī ana kua whakarongo te kāwanatanga. Nā te mea kei te whakaotihia tonutia te tuhinga ture, me manatoko e koe te rā o nāianei i runga i te GOV.UK i mua i te hanga hei tauira utu.
He mea nui anō hoki ngā kaupapa i waho o te UK. I whakatinanahia e te EU he takoha €3 mō ia momo taonga mō ngā tuku hokohoko ipurangi iti te uara i te 1 o Hūrae 2026, ā, kei te whakamahere kia tangohia tana ake paepae €150 i te tau 2028, i te wā i whakamutua ai e te US tana whakakorenga $800 i te marama o Ākuhata 2025. He mea whakamiharo ngā taunakitanga tōmua mai i Ūropi, me te pūrongo a Finland i te hekenga neke atu i te 75 ōrau o ngā kawemai iti te uara i te marama tuatahi. E manawapa ana ngā kaikōrero ahumahi kei tukuna ngā pōkai kua nekehia atu i te EU ki te UK i taua wā, koinei tētahi o ngā take e piki haere ana te aro o te hunga whakamana i te iti o te uara me te whakapuakitanga hē.
Ripanga 2: Ngā rā matua mō ngā kawemai iti te uara e pā ana ki ngā kaihoko Haina-ki-UK
| Te rā | whanaketanga | Te tikanga mahi |
| January 2021 | Ko te VAT o te UK i kohia i te wā hoko mō ngā uta e £135, iti iho rānei | Me rēhita ngā kaihoko o tāwāhi mō te VAT o te UK; kei te whakakorea tonu te takoha tikanga |
| August 2025 | Kua whakamutua e te US tana whakakorenga $800 de minimis | Ka nekehia e ngā kaihoko te rahinga hokohoko ki te UK me te EU, ka ara ake te tirotiro |
| 26 Whiringa 2025 | Kua whakaū te Tahua o te Ngahuru o te UK i te tangohanga o te whakahekenga takoha £135 | Te tīmatanga o te whakawhiti maha-tau me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kaupapa here |
| 1 Hōngongoi 2026 | Ka whakatinanahia e te EU he takoha rangitahi €3 mō ia momo taonga mō ngā mōkihi iti te uara | Ka piki ake ngā utu mō ngā mōkihi e tukuna ana mā roto, ki roto rānei i ngā mākete o te EU |
| Tae noa ki te 31 o Hakihea 2026 | Kei te mau tonu te whakahekenga takoha £135 o te UK i tēnei wā | Matapihi whakamahere mō ngā kaihoko ki te whakarite raraunga me ngā utu |
| I mua i te Oketopa 2028 (i pūrongohia) me te Maehe 2029 i te wā roa rawa atu | Kua tangohia e te UK te whakahekenga takoha ritenga £135 | Ka pā te takoha i ngā reiti taripa ki ngā uta iti te uara |
He mea tika kia whakanuia ngā mea kāore anō kia rerekē. Ko ngā uta neke atu i te £135 kua utua kētia te takoha ritenga ina tika, me te VAT kawemai ina tae mai, ā, koinei te āhua o ia rā mō ngā utanga kua whakakīia ki ngā pāreti me ngā utanga kua whakakīia ki ngā ipu e whakamahia ana e te nuinga o ngā uta DAP. Ko te whakahoutanga e haere ake nei ka huri i te nuinga o te hokohoko ipurangi mō ngā pēke iti, engari ko te ahunga o te haere, me te nui ake o ngā raraunga, te nui ake o te kawenga me te iti ake o ngā ara poto kāore i te whaimana, ka pā ki ia uta e whiti ana i te rohe o te UK.
Te Tukanga Whakawātea DAP mai i Haina ki te UK, Hipanga i te Hipanga
E rua ngā mahi whakakore i tētahi uta DAP, kotahi i ia pito, ā, ka whakahaerehia e ngā rōpū rerekē. Ko te taha Haina te kawenga a te kaihoko, ā, he mahi noa iho. Nō te kaihoko te taha UK, ā, koinei te wāhi ka puta ai ngā whakaroa. Ko te raupapa i raro nei e whai ana i tētahi uta uta moana noa , ahakoa he rite tonu te kaupapa o ngā uta rererangi me ngā nekehanga tere me ngā wā poto ake.
Hipanga 1: Te whakarite i te tuku ki Haina
Ka tīmata te whakawātea pai i mua i te utaina o te utanga. Ka whakaoti te kaihoko i te whakapuakitanga kaweake ki Haina, ka tukuna he nama hokohoko me te rārangi tākai e ōrite ana ki ia rārangi, nā te mea ko ngā āpiha tikanga o te UK, me ā rātou miihini mōrearea, ka titiro tuatahi ki ngā rerekētanga o te uara, te taumaha, te rahinga me te whakaahuatanga. Ko te whakaahuatanga koretake pēnei i te "taputapu" me te "wāhanga tāpiri" tētahi o ngā mea e tino pāngia ai ngā pātai me ngā pupuri.
I taua wā anō, me whakaae te kaihoko me te kaihoko ki te waehere taonga tekau-mati o te UK mō ia hua, te whenua i ahu mai ai, me te uara kua whakapuakina. Kāore ngā taonga Haina e whai hua mai i tētahi whakaaetanga hokohoko pai ki te UK, nō reira ka pā te taripa whenua tuatoru paerewa mēnā kāore te hua e hipokina e tētahi aukati, e tētahi tikanga rongoā hokohoko rānei. Mā te whakatau wawe i ēnei meka ka taea e te kaihokohoko te tirotiro i mua i ngā reiti takoha me te tohu i tētahi hua e hiahia ana ki tētahi raihana, ki tētahi pūrongo whakamātautau, ki tētahi tapanga motuhake rānei.
Hipanga 2: Ngā mōhiohio utanga me te taenga mai o te kaipuke i mua
I mua i te taenga o te kaipuke ki te UK, ka tukuna e te kaikawe, e tana kaihoko rānei ngā mōhiohio haumaru me te haumarutanga i mua, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te Whakapuakitanga Whakarāpopototanga Whakauru, i runga i ngā raraunga i tukuna mai e te kaituku. Mena ka whakawhitihia te utanga, ka nekehia rānei mā roto i ngā tauranga o te EU i te huarahi, ka pā pea ngā whakaritenga mōhiohio mua a te EU, nō reira me tika ngā taipitopito pukapuka mai i te rā tuatahi. Ka taea e ngā hapa i tēnei wā te arahi ki te karere "kaua e utaina" me te whakaroa rānei i te whakawhiti, ā, ko te utu te nuinga o te wā ka pikaua e te tangata nāna i tuku mai ngā raraunga hapa.
I te tata mai o te rā taenga mai, ka tukuna e te kaituku uta he whakatūpato i mua me te pānui taenga mai ki te kaiwhiwhi. Me tohutohu te kaihoko i tētahi kaihoko tikanga tāke o te UK i tēnei wā, me tuku he mana ture tikanga tāke kua hainatia, ā, me whakaū kei te kaha te nama EORI. Me whakarite hoki te pire utanga taketake, te tukunga waea, te pire kawe moana rānei, nā te mea e kore te raina kaipuke e tuku i tētahi ota tuku me te kore taua ota.
Hipanga 3: Te tuku i te whakapuakitanga kawemai mā te CDS
Ko ngā whakaurunga kawemai o te UK ka tukuna inaianei mā te Ratonga Whakapuakitanga Tikanga, i whakakapi i te pūnaha tawhito CHIEF. Ka tukuna e te kaihokohoko te whakapuakitanga mā te ipurangi me ngā taipitopito kawemai, ngā waehere taonga, te uara tikanga, te takenga mai, ngā taumaha, te Incoterm me ngā tohutoro tuhinga kawe. He mea nui te Incoterm nā te mea e kī ana ki te tikanga ko ēhea ngā utu uta me ngā utu inihua kei roto i te utu nama, ā, ko ēhea me tāpiri kia eke ki te uara tikanga.
Ka tatauhia te uara o ngā taonga i runga i te kaupapa CIF, arā, ko te utu o ngā taonga me te utu utanga me te inihua tae noa ki te wā e tomo ai ki te UK. Mena kei runga te nama i te kaupapa DAP, kua whakaurua kētia te utu utanga ki te utu i tukuna, engari ka uru atu pea ngā utu tuku ki uta o te UK kāore i roto i te uara o ngā taonga, nō reira me whai whakamāramatanga utu utanga ngā kaihokohoko kia kore ai e whakanui rawa, e whakaiti rānei i te tatauranga. He maha ngā wā ka whakatuwherahia e ngā kaikawemai he pūkete whakaroa takoha kia whakatauhia ai ngā takoha i runga i te tango tika ā-marama, kaua i te tuku mā te tuku.
Hipanga 4: Te utu i te takoha me te VAT me te whiwhi tuku
Kia whakaaetia te whakapuakitanga, ka tatauhia e te CDS te takoha me te VAT e tika ana. Ka utua ēnei e te kaihokohoko mai i te pūkete whakaroa a te kaikawemai, ka kohia te moni mai i te kaikawemai i mua, ka tukuna rānei te moni me te nama anō me te utu whakahaere. Ka tukuna ngā utanga ina whakaaetia te whakapuakitanga, ā, kua mau te takoha, kātahi ka tukuna e te kaihokohoko ngā mōhiohio tukunga ki te taunga kaipuke, ki te whare putunga rānei kia taea ai e te ipu te wehe atu.
Ko ngā kaikawemai kua rēhita ki te GST ka taea te whakamahi i te kaute GST kua whakaroahia. I raro i tēnei pūnaha, ka whakapuakina te GST kawemai, ā, ka whakahokia mai i runga i te whakahoki GST kotahi, ka tangohia te pānga moni mai i te utu i tētahi pire GST nui i te rohe. Kāore e taea te whakaroa i te takoha i te ara kotahi, nō reira me utu tonu, me whakaroa rānei. Mō tētahi pakihi e kawemai ana i tētahi ipu taonga e tekau mano pauna te uara, he pānga tūturu tēnei rerekētanga ki te pūtea mahi.
Ripanga 3: Tauira mahi o te takoha me te VAT i runga i te tuku DAP (te reiti takoha whakapae 4%)
| Te nama take | Moni (GBP) |
| Te uara o ngā taonga, FOB Haina | 12,000.00 |
| Utu me te inihua o te ao ki te rohe o te UK | 900.00 |
| Uara ritenga (CIF) | 12,900.00 |
| Te takoha ritenga i te 4% o te uara ritenga | 516.00 |
| Pūtake VAT (uara ritenga me te takoha) | 13,416.00 |
| Kawemai te VAT ki te 20% | 2,683.20 |
| Te tapeke o te takoha me te VAT e utua ana ki te HMRC | 3,199.20 |
E whakaatu ana te ripanga he aha te take ka ohorere ai te kaihoko i whakaaro ka utua anake ngā taonga. Mō tētahi uta e £12,000 te uara, neke atu i te £3,000 te pire taake i te rohe i mua i te tāpiri i ngā utu kaihokohoko, utu tauranga rānei. Mena kua rēhita te kaihoko ki te GST, ā, e whakamahi ana i te kaute kua whakaroahia, ko te £516 anake o te taake me utu moni, ā, ka whakahokia te GST i runga i taua whakahokinga anō. Tērā pea he rerekē te tatau mena me tāpiri ētahi atu utu, pērā i te tuku ki uta i roto i te UK, ki te uara GST.
Hipanga 5: Ngā tirotiro, ngā pupuri me ngā whakamātautau
Kāore e tirohia ngā uta katoa, engari ka taea te tirotiro i ētahi. Ka whakamahia e te Tari Taake he huarahi e hangai ana ki te mōrearea, ā, ko ngā mea e pā kino ana ko ngā tuhinga kāore i te ōrite, ngā uara iti rawa kua whakapuakina, ngā taonga kua hē te whakarōpūtanga, me ngā hua kei raro i ngā mana whakahaere haumaru, hokohoko rānei. Ko te tirotiro tuhinga te wawaotanga tino noa, ā, he maha ngā haora ki te rā te roa. He onge ake te tirotiro tinana, te matawai rānei, engari ki te puta, ka nekehia pea te ipu ki tētahi whare tirotiro, ā, ko te utu mō te neke, te whakatuwhera me te hiri anō ka taka ki te kaikawemai.
Kei raro i ngā mana whakahaere hauora me te haumaru ā-pūnaha ngā kai, ngā tipu me ngā hua kararehe mā te UK Border Target Operating Model, ā, me tautoko ētahi matū, pākahiko me ngā taonga hiko i ngā taunakitanga tutuki ture. Mena ka whakamōhiotia wawetia te kaihokohoko mō ēnei kāwai, ka taea te whakarite i ngā pepa i mua i te taenga mai, kaua i muri i te tīmatanga o te penapena o ngā utanga.
Hipanga 6: Tukunga whakamutunga me te taunakitanga o te tukunga
I muri i te tukunga, ka kohia e te kaikawe te ipu, ka tangohia rānei te utanga LCL i te teihana utanga ipu, ka tukuna ki te wāhi kua whakaingoatia. Nā te mea ka mutu te DAP i te waka e tae mai ana, me rite te wāhi tauranga, te kaimahi me ngā taputapu a te kaihoko. Mēnā ka tomuri ngā whakaritenga ka puta he utu tatari, ā, ki te kore e tutuki te tuku, ka puta he utu tuku anō. I te nuinga o te wā, ka pupuri te kaihoko i te taunakitanga tuku kua hainatia hei taunakitanga kua hipa te mōrearea, he mea e tika ana mō ngā kereme me ngā tikanga utu kua whakaaetia i roto i te kirimana hoko.
Ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana i te tirohanga poto
Ko te nuinga o ngā whakaroa o te tari tāke nā ngā tuhinga, ehara i te tari tāke. Kei te ripanga e whai ake nei te whakarāpopototanga o ngā pepa mahi noa me te tangata e kawenga ana mō te tuku i aua pepa ki runga i te uta DAP.
Ripanga 4: Ngā tuhinga matua mō te tuku DAP mai i Haina ki te UK
| tuhinga | taumu'a | I te nuinga o te wā ka tukuna mai e |
| Nama nama | Whakamātautau uara, whakaahuatanga hua, Incoterm me ngā rōpū | kaihoko |
| Raina whakakao | E whakaatu ana i ngā rahinga, ngā taumaha, ngā ine me te takai | kaihoko |
| Pire utauta, pire waka rererangi ranei | Kirimana kawe, me te tuhinga taitara mō ngā utanga moana | Kaikawe, kaikawe whakamua ranei |
| GB EORI nama | Te tautuhi i te kaikawe mai ki ngā tikanga a te UK | kaihoko |
| Mana whakahaere a te Tari Taake | Ka whakamana i te kaihokohoko ki te tuku i ngā tāurunga i runga i te ingoa o te kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te Tiwhikete o te timatanga | Tautoko ana i ngā kereme takenga mai me ngā arowhai rongoā hokohoko mēnā e tika ana | kaihoko |
| Ngā kōnae tutuki i ngā whakaritenga hua | Ngā taunakitanga UKCA, CE rānei, ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, ngā pepa raraunga haumaru | Kaihoko me te kaihoko |
| Ngā raihana me ngā whakaaetanga | E hiahiatia ana mo nga taonga kua herea, kua whakahaeretia ranei | kaihoko |
Ngā wā whakawhiti me te pānga o te aratau ki te whakawātea
Ka whakarerekē te momo kawe waka i te tere o te haerenga me te auau o te whakawātea. Ka waiho e te utanga moana te kaikawemai mō ētahi wiki ki te whakarite i te urunga, engari ka whakapotohia e te utanga rererangi ngā mea katoa kia maha ngā rā, ā, me noho tatari te kaihokohoko.
Ripanga 5: Ngā wā whakawhiti tohu mai i Haina ki te UK mā te aratau
| aratau | Te kawe tohu | Tino pai mō | Puka whakakorenga |
| FCL moana | 30 ki te 40 ngā rā mai i te tauranga ki te tauranga | Katoa nga uta ipu | Ko te tikanga ka tukuna te urunga i mua i te taenga mai |
| LCL moana | 35 ki te 50 ngā rā mai i te tatau ki te tatau | Nga pukapuka iti ake | Te whakahaere me te taahiraa whakarerekētanga CFS tāpiri |
| Te waka rererangi | 4 ki te 8 ngā rā mai i te tatau ki te tatau | Utu tere, utu nui ranei | He mea noa te tuku i taua rā anō |
| Te waka tereina | 25 ki te 35 ngā rā mai i te tatau ki te tatau | Ngā kawenga rōrahi-waenga, e aro ana ki te wā | Te whakawhiti mā roto i ētahi rohe tikanga |
| te kaikawe korero | 3 ki te 7 ngā rā mai i te tatau ki te tatau | Ngā tauira me ngā mōkihi | He maha ngā wā he momo DDP me ngā taake kua utua mua |
Ngā Utu o te UK i raro i te DAP: Mā wai e utu te aha
Ko ngā utu te wāhi e hē ai ngā whakatau utu DAP, nā te mea ko te utu a te kaihoko e utu ana i te haerenga ki te wāhitau o te UK engari kāore e utu i ngā utu e puta mai ana i te wā o te whakataunga UK. Mā te kaituku e tuku ana i te DAP me te pono e wehewehe ngā rōpū utu e rua i runga i te whakatau utu, ā, mā te kaihoko e pānui marie ana i taua tuhinga, kāore he ohorere.
Ripanga 6: Ngā utu noa ki te taha UK mō te tuku DAP (ngā awhe whakamahere tohu)
| Akona | Ko te tikanga ka utua e | Te whānuitanga tohu, te pūtake rānei |
| Te whakawātea tikanga (utu whakauru ki te kaihokohoko) | kaihoko | £35 ki te £80 mō ia whakaurunga, kei runga i te uauatanga |
| Ngā raina taonga tāpiri | kaihoko | £5 ki te £15 mō ia raina utu tāpiri |
| Te utu mua mō te takoha me te VAT, te utu whakahaere rānei | kaihoko | He maha ngā wā 1% ki te 2% o te moni i tukuna wawetia, me te iti rawa |
| Te whakahaere i te taunga ūnga (FCL) | kaihoko | £150 ki te £300 mō ia ipu |
| Te utu tuku, te utu tuku rānei | kaihoko | £40 ki te £100 mō ia pire utanga |
| Te whakahaere me te whakarerekētanga o te CFS (LCL) | kaihoko | £10 ki te £30 ia cbm, me te utu iti rawa |
| Te uta mai i te tauranga ki te wāhi kua tohua | Kaihoko (kei roto i te utu DAP) | Mai i te £250 ki te £900, neke atu rānei, mā te tawhiti me te momo ipu |
| Te whakamātautau, te matawai rānei a te tari tāke | kaihoko | £100 ki te £400, neke atu rānei, me te kawe waka me te whakahaere |
| Te whakaheke me te mauhere | Ko te rōpū te take o te whakaroa, ko te kaihoko i muri i te taenga mai | He maha ngā wā £50 ki te £150 mō ia ipu ia rā i muri i te wā wātea |
| Te utu taake | kaihoko | I whakatakotoria e te waehere taripa, i te nuinga o te wā 0% ki te 12% mō ngā taonga whānui |
| Kawemai Taake | Kaihoko (ka taea te whakahoki mai mēnā kua rēhita ki te GST) | 20% o te uara tikanga me te takoha |
Ka tatauhia te takoha hei ōrau o te uara tikanga, ā, ko te ōrau e whakawhirinaki ana ki te waehere taonga. He maha ngā taonga kaihoko me ngā taonga ahumahi e taka ana i roto i te awhe tata ki te kore ki te tekau mā rua ōrau i raro i te Tariff Ao o te UK, engari ko ētahi taonga pēnei i ētahi hu, kākahu me ngā waka ka teitei ake. He maha ngā hua taketake Hainamana kei raro hoki i ngā tikanga rongoā hokohoko, tae atu ki ngā takoha ārai-tuku i runga i ētahi taonga maitai, konumohe me te uku, ā, ka tāpirihia ēnei ki runga ake i te reiti noa. Ka whakaputahia e te Mana Whakaora Tauhokohoko o te UK te rārangi o nāianei, ā, he mea tika kia tirohia i mua i te whakahua i te utu.
Ngā utu e puta mai ana i muri i te taenga mai
Ko te demurrage me te demulrage ngā mea tino utu nui i roto i te hokohoko DAP. Ka utua te demurrage e te tauranga, e te raina kaipuke rānei ina noho te ipu ki roto i te tauranga i tua atu i te wā waatea, ā, ka utua te demulrage ina roa rawa te ipu i waho o te tauranga i mua i te whakahokinga kau. He torutoru noa ngā rā o te wā waatea. Nā te mea ka tukuna e te DAP te whakaaetanga ki ngā ringa o te kaihoko, ka taea e te kaihokohoko puhoi, te pire taake kore utu, te kaiwhiwhi kore urupare rānei te huri i te taenga mai o te kaipuke maeneene hei utu mō ia wiki.
Ko te rokiroki tētahi atu wāhanga o te utu. Mena ka puritia ngā utanga hei tirotiro, kāore rānei e taea e te whare putunga te tango i te utanga i te rā kua whakaritea, ka utua e te tauranga, e te CFS rānei te rokiroki i ngā utu tāke ka piki tere i muri i ngā rā tuatahi. Mā ngā utu tuku anō ka oti te pikitia. Kāore tētahi o ēnei utu e nui ina wehea, engari ka taea e rātou te neke atu i te utu a te kaihokohoko i ngā wā maha.
Nō reira, e kī ana tētahi kirimana whai tikanga ko wai ka utu mō ngā utu e pā ana ki te whakaroa, me ēhea hoki ngā tikanga. Ko tētahi whakaritenga noa ko te kawenga a te kaihoko i ngā utu kia tae rā anō te waka ki te wāhi kua whakaingoatia, ko te kawenga a te kaihoko i ngā mea katoa i puta mai i te tomuri o te tukunga, i te wāhi tango utanga rānei kāore i rite te whakarite.
Ngā utu e mauria ana e te kaihoko i te pūtake
I raro i te DAP, ka uru atu ki te kaituku a te kaihoko te whakapuakitanga kaweake Hainamana, te taraka takenga mai me te whakahaere tauranga, te utanga moana, te utanga rererangi rānei, ā, ki te whakaaetia, te inihua utanga . Kei konei anō hoki ngā utu tāpiri mō ngā waka me ngā utu tāpiri mō te wā pīki, tae atu ki ngā utu haumaru me ngā utu tuhinga. Ka rerekē ēnei utu i ia wiki, i ia wiki, nō reira he whai tikanga anake te whakatau utu DAP mēnā he wā whai mana me te rārangi mārama o ngā mea kāore i whakaurua.
Ngā Hapa Noa e Whakanuia ai te Utu me te Whakaroa
Te whakaiti i te uara o te nama
He iti te uara o ētahi kaihoko i runga i te nama nama hei āwhina i te kaihoko ki te utu i te iti o te takoha me te VAT. He mahi morearea tēnei, nā te mea ka whakamahia e te tari tāke ngā raraunga paetae hei tohu i ngā uara iti, ā, ka taea te arotake anō i te takoha, te tāpiri whiu me te pupuri i te utanga i a rātou e tirotiro ana. Ko te moni i penapenahia i runga i te whakapuakitanga taketake he onge te utu mō te whakaaturanga, ā, ko te tauira o te iti o te uara ka pā ki ngā tuku o muri mai a te kaikawemai.
He hē te waehere hua, te takenga mai rānei
Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi waehere taonga nā te mea he iti ake te utu he raruraru anō tēnei. Me whakaahua e te waehere te hua ā-tinana, tōna rauemi me tōna mahi, ā, me nui ngā taipitopito e hiahiatia ana e te kaihokohoko kia tika ai te whakatau. Ko te tikanga o tētahi waehere hē he iti iho te utu o te takoha, ā, i ētahi wā ka hunaia he hua e hiahia ana ki tētahi raihana, e whai mana ana rānei ki tētahi rongoā hokohoko. Me tika hoki te takenga mai. Ko ngā tapanga "Hangaia ki Haina" me te tiwhikete takenga mai Haina he rite ki te putanga taripa, engari ko ngā taonga i oti noa i tētahi atu whenua, kāore pea e tika kia whiwhi i tētahi atu takenga mai.
Kāore he EORI, kāore he kaihokohoko, kāore he mahere
Kāore e taea e te kaihoko kāore he nama EORI, kāore hoki he hononga kaihokohoko te tuku i te whakaurunga, ā, kāore he mahi a te utanga engari ko te tatari. He māmā noa te whakatika, ā, ka nui ake te whakarihariha o te hapa. Me tono atu ki te kaihoko kia whakaū i te nama EORI me te whakatū i tētahi kaihokohoko i mua i te whakaritenga, me te tono hoki kia whakapā atu tā rātou kaihokohoko kia taea ai e te kaituku tuku te tuku tika i ngā tuhinga.
He wāhitau tuku koretake
Mēnā he kirimana DAP e hoatu ana i te ingoa tāone anake, kaua ko te wāhitau tuku tika, ka puta he tautohetohe mō te utu kawe, ngā whakaritenga whakahaere papa me ngā herenga tango utanga. Me homai e te kaihoko te wāhitau katoa, ngā hāora whakatuwheratanga, te tukanga whakarite me ngā taputapu e wātea ana i te papa.
Te aro ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te hua
Ko te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tuku taonga he wāhanga noa iho o te kōrero. Me tutuki i ngā taonga e tukuna ana ki te mākete o te UK ngā ture haumaru hua e tika ana, arā, ko te tohu UKCA, ko te tohu CE rānei, mō ngā momo kāwai maha, e whakaaetia tonutia ana i Peretānia Nui. He ture anō ā ia taonga hiko, taonga takaro, whakapaipai, pākahiko me ngā hua kei roto ngā waeine ahokore mō te whakamātautau, te tapanga me te tuhi. Mena kāore he pepa mahi i te rohe, ka taea te pupuri, te whakangaro, te whakahoki rānei i te utanga, ā, he nui ake tēnei utu i te penapena utanga.
Me pēhea te pupuri i ngā utu whenua kia iti te mana
Ko te tikanga tuatahi ko te tatau i te utu o te uta i mua i te whakatau i te utu, kaua i muri i te taenga mai o ngā taonga. Mā te ripanga tātai ngāwari e tīmata ana ki te uara o ngā taonga, ka tāpirihia te utu utanga me te inihua kia tae atu ki te uara tikanga, ka whakamahia te reiti takoha, kātahi ka tāpirihia te VAT, ka whakaatuhia te moni tūturu e hiahiatia ana i te rohe. Tāpirihia te utu kaihokohoko, te utu taunga me te utu kawe, ka whakataurite i te utu whakamutunga ki tō utu hoko. Mena kua ngaro te moni whiwhi, he pai ake te ako i tēnā i mua i te whakaū i te ota.
Ko te tuarua o ngā tikanga ko te whiriwhiri i te momo tuku tika mō te āhua o te utanga. Tērā pea ka kitea e te kaihoko e tuku ana i ngā papa e whā ki te ono he puhoi ake te LCL engari he iti ake te utu i te ipu kāore i te takoto kau, engari ka taea e te kaihoko he ipu kī tonu i ia marama te whiriwhiri i ngā utu pai ake me ngā tikanga wā waatea. Mēnā he nui ake te hiranga o te tere i te utu mō ia wae, pērā i te whakarewatanga o ngā hua hou, ngā taonga whakatairanga rānei, ka taea e te utanga rererangi te tiaki i ngā hoko ahakoa he teitei ake te utu utanga mō ia kirokaramu.
Ko te tuatoru o ngā tikanga ko te whakarite i ngā pepa i mua i te wā, me te pupuri kia ōrite. Puritia he kōnae hua matua me ngā waehere taonga, ngā whakaahuatanga, ngā rauemi, ngā taumaha me ngā tuhinga whakaritenga, ā, whakamahia mō ia uta. Ina rite te kōrero a te nama, te rārangi tākai me te tuhinga kawe, ka onge ngā patai a te tari taake, ā, ka tere ake te huri i ngā whakapuakitanga.
Hei whakamutunga, whakaarohia te whakawhiti inaianei. I te ngaromanga o te whakahekenga utu iti, ka ngāwari ake te urutau a ngā kaikawemai kua whai raraunga pai, kua rēhita VAT UK, he māngai putea rānei, me te hītori tikanga ma. Ko ngā kaihoko e whakaroa ana i tēnei mahi tae noa ki te rā kati ka whakataetae mō te kaha kaihokohoko me te ako i ngā ture hou i te wā kotahi me ētahi atu katoa.
Me pēhea te tautoko a Topway Shipping i ngā tukunga DAP ki te UK
Mai i te tau 2010, ko Topway Shipping, kei Shenzhen, Haina tōna tari matua, he kaiwhakarato ngaio mō ngā otinga whakahaere hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe. Neke atu i te 15 tau te wheako o tā mātou tīma whakatū i roto i ngā mahi whakahaere o te ao me te whakawātea tikanga, ā, ahakoa ko te nuinga o ō mātou wheako kei roto i te kawe waka mai i Haina ki Amerika, ko te tikanga kotahi o te tika o ngā raraunga, te whakahaere tuhinga me te tohatoha utu mārama e pā ana ki ia ara e whakahaerehia ana e mātou, tae atu ki ngā tuku e anga atu ana ki ngā tauranga o te UK.
Ka hipokina e ā mātou ratonga te mekameka kawe waka katoa, mai i te kawe waka tuatahi i Haina me te whare putunga ki tāwāhi ki te whakawātea tikanga me te tuku whakamutunga. Mō ngā tuku DAP, ko te tikanga ka taea e te hoa kotahi te whakarite i te haerenga katoa, mai i te kohikohinga wheketere me te whakapuakitanga kaweake ki te pānui taenga mai, te tukunga whakawātea me te tuku whakamutunga ki te wāhi kua whakaingoatia. Ka tukuna hoki e mātou ngā ratonga utanga moana FCL me LCL ngāwari mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga nui o te ao, kia taea ai e te kaituku kaipuke te whakataurite i te kōwhiringa ipu ki te rahinga utanga hei utu mō te utu mō te wāhi takoto kau.
I roto i te mahi, e toru ngā huarahi e āwhina ai mātou i ngā kiritaki. Ka whakarite mātou i ngā tuhinga me ngā raraunga ki tētahi paerewa e māmā ake ai te tuku, ka whakahuahia e mātou ngā utu DAP me te wehewehe mārama i waenga i ngā utu taha-kaihoko me ngā utu taha-kaihoko, ā, ka whakarite mātou i te tukunga ki te kaihoko tikanga a te kaiwhiwhi kia kore ai e noho mangere te utanga i te tauranga. Mena kāore koe i te tino mōhio mēnā ko te DAP, ko te DDP, ko tētahi atu Incoterm rānei te mea pai mō tō pakihi, ka taea e te tīma Topway Shipping te arotake i tō hua, tō kaihoko me tō rahinga me te whakaaro i tētahi hanganga e tiaki ana i tō moni whiwhi me tō whanaungatanga kiritaki.
Opaniraa
He kupu whaihua, he kupu whānui hoki te whakamahi i te DAP mō te tuku kaipuke mai i Haina ki te UK, engari ka pai te mahi ina mārama ngā taha e rua ki te mutunga o te mahi a te kaihoko me te tīmatanga o te mahi a te kaihoko. Ka tukuna e te kaihoko ngā taonga ki te wāhi kua whakahuatia, ā, ka whakamanahia e te kaihoko mā roto i ngā tikanga taake o te UK, ka utua te takoha me te VAT, ka tangohia te waka. Ina tuhia mārama taua wehenga ki roto i te kirimana, ā, ka whakaatuhia ki roto i te whakatau utu, ka hoatu e te DAP ki ngā kaihoko he taumata kawenga ka taea te whakahaere, ā, ka hoatu ki ngā kaihoko te mana whakahaere mō ā rātou ake whakaritenga kawemai.
Kei te huri te taiao e karapoti ana i tēnei tukanga. Ko te mutunga o te whakahekenga takoha £135, te takoha iti-uara hou a te EU me te aro nui haere ki te kounga raraunga e tohu ana ki tētahi pūnaha tikanga e nui ake ai te hiranga o te tika i mua. Ko ngā pakihi e whakarite ana i ā rātou tuhinga, e manatoko ana i ā rātou waehere taonga, e rēhita ana mō tētahi EORI, e tatau ana i te utu taunga i mua, ā, e mahi tahi ana me tētahi kaituku taonga e mārama ana ka tere ake te tango taonga i ngā pito e rua o te ara, ā, ka iti ake ngā utu ohorere e utua ana. Kei te rite a Topway Shipping ki te tautoko i taua mahi, mai i te maero tuatahi i Haina ki te tukunga whakamutunga i te UK.
FAQs
P: Ko wai e utu ana i te takoha kawemai me te VAT o te UK i raro i te DAP?
A: Mā te kaihoko e utu. I raro i te DAP, ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te kawe ki te wāhi kua whakahuatia, engari ko te utu whakawātea kawemai, te takoha me te VAT kei te kaute a te kaihoko mēnā kāore ngā rōpū e whakaae ki tētahi atu mea i roto i te kirimana.
P: Me whai nama EORI ahau hei kawemai i ngā taonga mai i Haina ki te UK?
Āe, me whai nama GB EORI te pakihi e kawemai ana i ngā taonga ki Peretānia Nui hei hanga i tētahi whakapuakitanga tikanga. He kore utu te tono mā te HMRC, ā, me tuku te tono i mua i ngā kaipuke utanga.
P: Kei te wātea tonu te paepae kore utu takoha £135?
A: I te wā e tuhi ana tēnei, kei te mau tonu, engari kua whakaū te kāwanatanga ka tangohia, ko te rā whakamutunga ko Maehe 2029, ā, ko ngā pūrongo hou ake e tohu ana ko Oketopa 2028. Tirohia a GOV.UK mō te tūranga o nāianei i mua i te whakamahere i ngā utu mō te wā roa.
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te DAP me te DDP mō ngā tuku ki te UK?
A: Mā te DAP ka whakawātea te kaihoko i ngā tikanga tāke, ka utu hoki i te takoha me te VAT. Mā te DDP ka mahia e te kaihoko ēnā mea katoa, ā, ka tukuna ngā taonga me ngā takoha kua oti kē te whakatau, he mea māmā ake tēnei mā te kaihoko engari ka nui ake te kawenga ki te kaihoko mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
P: Me pēhea taku karo i ngā utu whakaheke me te rokiroki i ngā tauranga o te UK?
A: Whakatūria he kaihoko tikanga i mua i te taenga mai o te kaipuke, kia tino rite te EORI me te mana o te rōia, tukuna wawe ngā tuhinga tika, ā, tuhia te wā tuku i mua i te wā. Ko te whakarite tere me te tino pai te parenga pai rawa atu i ngā utu o ia rā.
