Te tikanga o te CIF Term in Shipping
Kupu Whakataki
Mā ngā reta e toru ka taea te whakatau ko wai e utu ana i ngā mano tāra, ko wai e tango i te mōrearea mēnā ka he tetahi mea, ā, ko wai hoki te kaiwhakahaere o te utanga i a ia e whiti ana i te moana. Ko te CIF tētahi o ngā kupu reta-toru e puta ana i ngā kirimana, ngā nama, me ngā whakatau utu, engari he tokomaha te hunga kāore i te tino mōhio ki tōna tikanga.
Mō ngā kaikawemai me ngā kaikawe atu, inā koa ko te hunga e mahi ana ki ngā utanga moana, ehara i te mea "pai ki te mōhio" noa te mōhio ki te tikanga o te CIF i roto i ngā mahi kaipuke. He pānga tika tōna ki ngā hua, ki te tūponotanga mōrearea, me te maeneene o te neke o ngā utanga i roto i ngā tauranga me ngā tikanga tuku taonga. Ki te kore koe e mārama ki te CIF, ka mutu pea koe me ngā utu tāpiri, ngā tukunga whakaroa, ngā tautohetohe rānei ki ngā hoa mahi me ngā kaituku utanga.
E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i te CIF i roto i ngā kupu māmā, whai hua hoki. Ka kōrerohia e tātou te tikanga o te CIF, me pēhea tana mahi i te wā tuku kaipuke, ngā whakapaunga me ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki a ia (me ngā mea kāore e pā ana ki a ia), me pēhea tana whakataurite ki ētahi atu Incoterms pēnei i te FOB me te CFR, me te wā e tika ai te whakamahi i te CIF i roto i ngā āhuatanga pakihi tūturu.
He aha te CIF i roto i te Tukunga Ao Whānui?
Kua whakatūria e te Whare Tauhokohoko o te Ao te CIF hei tētahi o ngā Incoterms (Ngā Ture Tauhokohoko o te Ao). Ka whakamahia anake mō te kawe waka i te moana me ngā awa o roto. Ko te tikanga o te kupu ko "Te Utu, te Inihuarangi, me te Uta Utu".
Mena he whakaaetanga CIF tāu, ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te whakarite me te utu mō:
- Te utu o ngā taonga.
- Ko te huarahi matua ki te tae atu ki reira mā te moana ko te haere ki te tauranga ūnga kua whakarārangihia.
- He iti noa te inihua moana hei tiaki i te kaihoko.
Ahakoa ko te kaihoko te utu mō te tuku me te inihua ki te tauranga ūnga, ka tere ake te tango a te kaihoko i te mōrearea o te ngaronga, te pakaru rānei o ngā taonga—ina tukuna ngā hua ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga tuku. Hei mārama ki te CIF, me mōhio koe ki te rerekētanga i waenga i te kawenga utu me te whakawhiti mōrearea.
I te ao tūturu, ka rite te āhua o te kupu CIF ki tēnei: “CIF Los Angeles Port, Incoterms® 2020.” Ko te wāhanga “Los Angeles Port” e tohu ana ki te kaihoko ki hea e tukuna ai ngā taonga, me te utu mō te tuku me te inihua. Mā te tohutoro Incoterms (pērā i te 2020) ka whakarite kia whakamahia e te katoa te whakamāramatanga kotahi, o nāianei.
Te Mahi a te CIF i te Haerenga Tukunga
Hei tino mārama ki te CIF, he pai ki te whakaaro i te haerenga katoa a te utanga mai i te whare o te kaihoko ki te whare putunga o te kaihoko, me te tangata hoki e whakahaere ana i ia taahiraa.
Tuatahi, ka whakarite te kaihoko i ngā taonga ki tō rātou ake wāhi, ā, ka whakarite i te kawe ki te tauranga tuku. Mā rātou e tiaki te tākai, te tapanga, me ētahi atu tuhinga e hiahiatia ana e ō rātou mana whakahaere ā-rohe mō ngā kaweake. He mahi tēnei mā te kaihoko i raro i te CIF.
Muri iho, ka whakawātea te kaihoko i ngā taonga hei kaweake i te tauranga tuku (mēnā e tika ana) ka whakanoho ki runga i te kaipuke hei kawe i a rātou ki te wāhanga matua o te moana. Ko te wā tino nui ko te wā e utaina ai ngā hua ki runga i te kaipuke. Koinei te wā e nekehia ai te mōrearea mai i te kaihoko ki te kaihoko, ahakoa kei te utu tonu te kaihoko mō te utanga me te inihua ki te tauranga ūnga.
Ka tīmata te haerenga moana i te taenga mai o ngā utanga ki runga. Kua whakaritea e te kaihoko te kawenga matua, ā, kua utua hoki, ā, kua whiwhi hoki rātou i te inihua moana mō te kaihoko e kapi ana i te iti rawa i tētahi taumata tiaki taketake. Me tuku kereme te kaihoko mō te kapinga inihua mēnā ka pā he mea ki ngā utanga i te wā o te haerenga. Nā te mea kua riro kē i te kaihoko te kawenga mō te mōrearea, ahakoa nā te kaihoko i whakarite te inihua.
Ina tae te kaipuke ki te tauranga ūnga, ka mutu te kawenga a te kaihoko i raro i te CIF. Ka tiakina noa ngā hua e te inihua tae noa ki taua wā. Ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō ngā utu me ngā mōrearea mai i te wā e tangohia ai te utanga mai i te kaipuke ka kawea ki te tauranga. Kei roto i ēnei ko te whakahaere i te tauranga, te whakaoti i ngā mahi a te tari taake mō ngā kawemai, te utu i ngā tari me ngā taake, me te kawe i ngā taonga ki tō rātou ūnga whakamutunga.
Ngā Utu me ngā Mōrearea i raro i te CIF
Ko te whakaranu i te kupu "ko wai e utu" me te kupu "ko wai e pikau ana i te mōrearea" tētahi o ngā mea e tino whakapoauau ana. Ka wehewehea e CIF ēnei mātāpono e rua i tētahi huarahi e ohorere ai te hunga hou ki te hokohoko o te ao.
Hei whakamāmā ake i te mārama, ka taea e tātou te wehewehe i te āhua o te tohatoha i ngā kawenga i roto i tētahi whakaaetanga CIF noa i ngā wā rerekē o te haerenga. Kia maumahara he whakarāpopototanga whānui noa iho tēnei. Tērā pea ka whakarerekē ētahi kirimana i ētahi taipitopito, engari ka noho tonu te ariā matua.
Tirohanga Whānui mō ngā Kawenga i raro i te CIF
| Te Waahi o te Haerenga | Ko wai ka utu i raro i te CIF? | Ko wai ka pikau i te mōrearea i tēnei wā? |
|---|---|---|
| Ngā taonga i te wāhi o te kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te kawe ki uta ki te tauranga tuku | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Kaweake te whakawātea tikanga | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te utaina o ngā taonga ki runga kaipuke i te tauranga tuku | kaihoko | Kaihoko (kia tino whakaaetia rā anō) |
| Mai i te utaina ki runga i te kaipuke ki te taenga ki te tauranga ūnga | Ka utua e te kaihoko te utu me te inihua | Kaihoko (mai i te wā e utaina ai ngā taonga) |
| Tukunga i te tauranga ūnga | Kaihoko i te nuinga o te wā | kaihoko |
| Te whakahaere tauranga tauranga | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Kawea mai nga tikanga tuku, utu, taake | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te kawe waka ki uta ki te whare o te kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
E whakaatu ana tēnei ripanga i te "hurihuri" matua o te CIF: **ka utua tonutia e te kaihoko ngā utu kaipuke matua i muri i te utaina ki runga i te kaipuke, engari kua riro kē i te kaihoko te mōrearea.**
Ko te inihua tētahi atu wāhanga nui. Ko te tikanga o te CIF me tuku e te kaihoko he iti rawa te inihua, he rite tonu ki ngā Whakaritenga Utauta Whare (C). Me whiriwhiri te kaihoko mō ētahi atu tiakitanga (pērā i ngā Whakaritenga Utauta Whare (A), he whānui ake) me tiki rānei he inihua tāpiri mā rātou anō.
CIF vs Ētahi Atu Incoterms (FOB me CFR)
He maha ngā tāngata e whakarite ana i te CIF ki ētahi atu Incoterms rongonui, pērā i te FOB (Free On Board) me te CFR (Cost and Freight), inā koa ka tukuna mā te moana. Mā te mōhio ki ēnei rerekētanga ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau ko tēhea kupu te mea pai mō tō kamupene.
Ko te FOB te whiringa pai rawa atu mēnā he pai te whanaungatanga o te kaihoko ki tā rātou ake kaituku utanga, e hiahia ana rānei kia nui ake te mana whakahaere i te kawe tuatahi. He rite te CFR ki te CIF, arā, ko te kaihoko te utu mō te utanga tuatahi engari kāore te inihua. Kei waenganui te CIF; ko te kaihoko te utu mō te tuku, ā, he iti noa te inihua e whakaritea ana mō te kaihoko.
He Tirohanga Poto ki te CIF, FOB, me te CFR
| Term | ingoa tonu | Aratau a te Transport | Ko wai ka utu i ngā utunga matua o te moana? | Ko wai ka whakarite inihua? | Ira Whakawhiti Morearea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cif | Utu, Inihua me te Kawenga | Ara Moana / Ara o uta | kaihoko | Kaihoko (he iti rawa te utu mō te kaihoko) | Ina utaina ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga tuku |
| CFR | Te utu me te utanga | Ara Moana / Ara o uta | kaihoko | Kaihoko (kāore he herenga ki te kaihoko) | Ina utaina ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga tuku |
| FOB | Koreutu I Te Poari | Ara Moana / Ara o uta | kaihoko | kaihoko | Ina utaina ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga tuku |
Kia mōhio koe, he rite tonu te pūwāhi whakawhiti mōrearea mō ngā kupu e toru: ina utaina ngā taonga ki roto i te kaipuke i te tauranga uta. Ko te rerekētanga ko wai ka utu mō te kawe tuatahi, ā, ko wai ka whakarite i ngā whakaritenga inihua.
I te ao tūturu, ka nui ake te mana whakahaere a te kaihoko mā te CIF i runga i te mekameka kawe taonga tae noa ki te tauranga ūnga. He āwhina pea tēnei mā ngā kaihoko kāore i te mōhio ki ngā mahi tuku kaipuke ki tāwāhi, kāore rānei he hoa tuku utanga pono. Engari ka tohu pea tēnei he iti ake te mana whakahaere me te māramatanga o te kaihoko ki ngā utu utanga me ngā kōwhiringa kaikawe.
Ina he Kōwhiringa Pai te CIF
Ina whakamahia tika, he kupu āwhina nui te kupu CIF. Ko tētahi āhuatanga he tauhou te kaihoko ki te kawemai, ā, e pai ake ana kia tukuna mā te kaihoko e whakahaere ngā mahi uaua o te rahui utanga moana me te tiki inihua. I tēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e te CIF te whakahaere i ngā mea mā te kaihoko, ā, ka taea e rātou te arotahi ki ngā hoko me te tohatoha i roto i tā rātou mākete ā-rohe.
He mea whai hua anō hoki mēnā he nui te mana o te kaihoko i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa me ngā kaikawe, ngā kaituku taonga rānei, ā, ka taea e ia te whiwhi utu kaipuke pai. Mēnā ka kitea tika ngā penapena i roto i te utu hoko, ka taea e te kaihoko me te kaihoko te whiwhi hua. Ka pupuri te kaihoko i te mana whakahaere o ngā mahi kawe taonga tae noa ki te tauranga ūnga, ā, ka whiwhi te kaihoko i te "utu taunga" ki te tauranga.
He whai hua anō hoki te CIF ina ko te whāinga matua a te kaihoko ko te tiki i ngā hua ki tētahi tauranga, me te utu i tētahi utu mārama, tae noa ki taua wā. Kātahi ka taea e rātou te tango i te mana mai i te tauranga ūnga ki mua, mā te whakamahi i ā rātou ake kamupene taraka ā-rohe me ngā kaihoko tikanga. Tērā pea ka nui ake ā rātou mōhiotanga mō ngā ture me ngā whakapaunga ā-rohe.
Ahakoa rā, kāore pea te CIF e tino pai ki ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana ki te mōhio ki te utu tuku, ki te whiriwhiri rānei i ā rātou ake kaikawe kia whiwhi ai i te wā pai rawa atu mō te kawe, te huarahi, te ratonga rānei. I ētahi wā, he pai pea te whakamahi i ngā kupu pēnei i te "FOB".
Ngā Māramatanga me ngā Herenga Noa o te CIF
Ahakoa he rongonui te CIF, he maha ngā wā ka hē te tangata ki te whakamahi, ā, ka puta he ohorere kino. Ko tētahi kōrero pakiwaitara noa ko te kawenga a te kaihoko mō ngā hua tae noa ki te tauranga ūnga e pā ana ki te mōrearea. He maha ngā kaihoko e whakaaro ana nā te mea ko te kaihoko te utu mō te tuku me te inihua ki taua tauranga, ko te kaihoko anō hoki te kawenga mō te mōrearea tae noa ki te taenga mai o ngā taonga. Kāore tēnei i te pono e ai ki ngā paerewa Incoterms. Ka tango te kaihoko i te mōrearea i te wā tonu ka eke ngā hua ki runga i te tauranga tuku.
Ko tētahi atu raruraru noa e pā ana ki te inihua. Tērā pea ka whakaaro te hunga hoko taonga he nui te kapinga o te CIF. Me hoatu noa e te kaihoko te iti rawa o te inihua mēnā kāore te kaihoko e whakaae ki tētahi atu mea. Tērā pea kāore tēnei kapinga taketake e utu mō ngā momo mate, kino rānei. Ki te kore te kaihoko e pānui i ngā tikanga inihua, kāore pea rātou e whiwhi kapinga nui mēnā ka puta he hapa.
Tērā pea he utu anō kei te ūnga kāore i te tino kitea. Ka utua e te CIF te utu o te tuku ki te tauranga kua tohua, engari kāore e utua aunoa ngā utu whakahaere i te taunga ūnga, ngā utu rokiroki mēnā ka whakaroa te utanga, me ētahi atu utu ā-rohe. Ko te hunga kāore e whakaaro ana ki ēnei utu tāpiri, kāore pea rātou e mōhio ki te nui o te moni me utu e rātou, ā, ka ngaro ā rātou hua.
Hei whakamutunga, kāore i te pai te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te tuhituhi i ētahi o ngā kirimana CIF. Mena kei te ngaro ngā tohutohu tuku, ngā rārangi tākai, me ngā nama pakihi, me āta haere pea ngā taonga i roto i ngā tikanga tuku taonga, me tirotirohia rānei kia maha atu i te kotahi. Ahakoa he māmā ake te CIF i ngā mea, ehara i te mea kāore e tika kia tika ngā tuhinga. Inaa, nā te mea ko te kaihoko te kaiwhakahaere o ngā tukanga tuku taonga tuatahi, me mahi tahi ngā taha e rua me te tino tupato kia kore ai e hapa.
Me pēhea te āwhina a te Hoa Whakahaere Taonga pēnei i a Topway Shipping ki te CIF
He tino āwhina te whai i tētahi hoa mahi kawe taonga mohio hei whakahaere i te tukanga CIF nā te mea e uru ana ki te utu, te mōrearea, te inihua, me ngā mahi pepa. Ka taea e tētahi kaiwhakarato kawe taonga pai te kī atu ki a koe ko tehea te kōwhiringa pai ko te CIF, te whakarite i ngā whakaritenga tuku me te inihua pai, me te pupuri i te kaituku me te kaiwhiwhi kia mōhio ki ngā mea hou mō te haerenga katoa.
Mai i te tau 2010, ko Topway Shipping, kei Shenzhen, Haina te turanga, kua arotahi ki te tuku otinga whakahaere ngaio mō te hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe. Neke atu i te 15 tau te wheako o te tīma whakatū i roto i ngā whakahaere whakahaere o te ao me te whakakore i ngā tikanga tuku iho, me te arotahi ki te Hononga o Amerika me Haina. Te haereere. He tino āwhina ēnei mōhiohio mō ngā pakihi e hokohoko ana i waenga i a Haina me ngā mākete nui o waho e whakamahia ana ngā kupu CIF mō ngā tuku kaipuke moana.
Mā Topway Shipping ngā wāhanga katoa o te mekameka kawe, mai i te wāhanga tuatahi o te kawe waka mai i ngā wheketere, i ngā whare putunga rānei i Haina ki tai. whare patu i ngā mākete nui, te whakawātea tikanga, me te tuku whakamutunga. Ka tukuna e Topway ngā ratonga ngāwari mō te utaina o ngā ipu katoa (FCL) me ngā ratonga iti iho i te utaina o ngā ipu (LCL) mā te moana mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga matua o te ao.
Mō ngā kaituku e whakamahi ana i te CIF, he maha ngā huarahi ka taea e te hoa mahi pēnei i a Topway te āwhina. Ka taea e rātou te hanga mahere utanga me te inihua e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te kaihoko, me te whakarite kei te wātea te kapinga iti rawa e hiahiatia ana i raro i te CIF, ā, ki te tika, ka āwhina i ngā kaihoko kia whiwhi i ngā taumata tiakitanga nui ake. Ka taea hoki e rātou te hoatu ki te kaihoko me te kaihoko he pepa tika, he hou, me te tirohanga kia mōhio ai rātou kei hea te utanga me ngā utu e tumanakohia ana i ia taahiraa.
I roto i ngā āhuatanga maha, ka taea hoki e Topway te whakarite i te CIF me ētahi atu Incoterms mō ētahi momo hua me ngā ara hokohoko. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kiritaki te whiriwhiri i te otinga pai rawa atu mō ā rātou hiahia me te tahua, kaua ki te whakamahi noa i te CIF nā te mea koinei tonu tā rātou mahi. Ka taea e Topway Shipping te huri i te CIF mai i tētahi kupu kirimana uaua ki tētahi rautaki whakahaere tika, mārama hoki mā te tuku ratonga mai i te kohi mai i te pūtake ki te tuku ki te ūnga.
Opaniraa
Ko te tikanga o te CIF ko "Cost, Insurance, and Freight." Ehara i te mea he reta e toru noa iho i runga i te nama. E whakamārama ana i te wehewehenga o ngā utu me ngā takoha a ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihoko i roto i te kaipuke moana, ā, e whakatau ana ko wai te kawenga mō te ngaronga, te kino rānei i ia wāhi o te huarahi. Mā te CIF, ka utua e te kaihoko te utu kaipuke, ā, ka whakarite i te inihua taketake ki te tauranga ūnga kua tohua. Heoi, i muri i te utaina o ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga kaweake, ka riro i te kaihoko te mōrearea.
Mā te CIF ka māmā ake te tukanga kawemai mā ngā kaihoko, ā, ka whakamahia hoki te kaha o te kaihoko ki te whakamahi tika. Ki te kore e whakamahia pai, ka raru pea te tūponotanga, te inihua, me ngā utu tāpiri kāore i te mārama. Ka taea e ngā pakihi te whakatau ko te CIF te taputapu tika mā te ako me pēhea te whakataurite ki ngā kupu pēnei i te FOB me te CFR, me te mahi tahi me tētahi kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe taonga mātau pēnei i te Topway Shipping. Ka taea hoki e rātou te whiriwhiri i ngā taipitopito i roto i tētahi huarahi e tiaki ana i te utu me te pono.
FAQs
Q: He aha te tikanga o te CIF i roto i te tuhinga kaipuke?
A: Ko te CIF he whakarāpopototanga mō te Utu, te Inihuarangi, me te Uta. Me utu e te kaihoko ngā taonga, me whakarite me te utu mō te uta moana ki te tauranga ūnga kua tohua, ā, me whakarato ki te kaihoko te iti rawa o te inihua moana. Kia utaina ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga tuku, ka riro i te kaihoko te mōrearea o te ngaronga, te kino rānei.
Q: I raro i te CIF, ko wai te kawenga mēnā ka pakaru ngā taonga i te wā e haere ana i te moana?
A: I raro i te CIF, ka riro i te kaihoko te mōrearea ina whakatakotoria ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga tuku. Mēnā ka pakaru tetahi mea i te wā o te haerenga, ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te mōrearea, engari kua whakatūria e te kaihoko he inihua hei tiaki i te kaihoko. I te nuinga o te wā, me tuku kereme te kaihoko ki te inihua kia utua ai ia.
Q: Kei roto i te CIF ngā utu katoa tae atu ki taku whare putunga?
A: Kāo. Ko te tikanga, ka utua noa e te CIF ngā utu tae noa ki te tauranga ūnga kua tohua. Kei roto i tēnei ko te uta matua o te moana me te iti rawa o te inihua. Ki te kore e kīia tētahi atu mea i roto i te kirimana, ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te utu i ngā mea pēnei i te whakahaere i te taunga ūnga, te rokiroki, te whakakore i ngā kawemai, ngā takoha me ngā taake, me te kawe ki te whare putunga o te kaihoko.
P: He aha te rerekētanga o te CIF me te FOB i roto i ngā mahi tūturu?
A: Ki te FOB, ka oti te mahi a te kaihoko ina utaina ngā hua ki runga i te kaipuke. Ka utua e te kaihoko te utu nui mō te uta moana, ā, ka whiwhi i tā rātou ake inihua. Ka utua e te kaihoko te utu nui mō te uta, ā, ka hoatu ki te kaihoko te iti rawa o te inihua me te CIF. Heoi, ka tukuna tonu te mōrearea ki te kaihoko ina utaina ngā taonga ki runga kaipuke. He pai ake te FOB mō ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana kia nui ake te mana whakahaere mō te hunga e tuku ana i ā rātou taonga me te nui o te utu. He pai ake te CIF mō ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana kia whakahaerea e te kaihoko te tuku ki te tauranga whakamutunga.
P: He rawaka tonu te inihua i raro i te CIF mō aku hiahia?
A: Kāore i te katoa. Ko te CIF anake e hiahia ana kia whai inihua taketake te kaihoko, engari kāore pea e kapi i ō āwangawanga katoa, pērā i te tahae, ētahi momo kino, ngā mate rānei i puta mai i ngā whakaroa. Mena kei te hiahia koe ki ētahi atu kapinga, me whiriwhiri koe i ngā tikanga inihua pai ake i roto i te kirimana CIF, me tiki rānei he inihua tāpiri mā tō ake kaiinihua, mā tō hoa mahi rānei.
P: Ka taea e tētahi kamupene kawe ratonga pēnei i a Topway Shipping te āwhina i ahau ki te whakatau mēnā me whakamahi ahau i te CIF?
Āe. Ka taea e tētahi kamupene kawe taonga mātau pērā i a Topway Shipping te tirotiro i tō ara hokohoko, te momo hua e tukuna ana e koe, me te nui o te mōrearea e pai ana koe ki te tango. Kātahi ka taea e rātou te whakarite i te CIF ki ētahi atu Incoterms pērā i te FOB, i te CFR rānei. Tērā pea ka āwhina rātou i a koe ki te whakarite i ō mahere utanga me te inihua, te whakarato i ngā wehewehenga utu tika, me te tiaki i ngā pepa me te whakawātea tikanga kia tino mohio ai ko te wā e whiriwhiria e koe ka hoatu he hua pumau, pono hoki mō tō pakihi.
