Ningbo-Zhoushan ki Nōwei: Te Tukunga Taonga Morearea IMO
Kupu Whakataki
Ko te tuku hua morearea mā te moana tētahi o ngā mahi tino ture i roto i te hokohoko o te ao, ā, he take pai tēnei. Mā te hē o te whakarōpūtanga o tētahi ipu pākahiko lithium, he matū rānei kua tohua hetia, ka tūkino pea tētahi kaipuke, āna kaimahi me te taiao moana. He tino uaua te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mēnā ko Ningbo-Zhoushan te pūtake – te tauranga utanga nui rawa atu o te ao mā te taumaha – ā, ko Nōwei te ūnga, he ture tikanga pakari anō hoki tāna, me te taumaha katoa o ngā paerewa matū REACH me CLP a Ūropi.
Mā tēnei aratohu ka taea te whakaoti i ngā mahi uaua. Mena he kaihanga koe i Zhejiang e kaweake ana i ngā matū ahumahi, he kaiwhakahaere hokohoko ipurangi i Shenzhen e tuku ana i ngā taonga e whakamahia ana e te lithium, he kaihoko kawemai rānei nō Nōwei e hiahia ana ki te mārama ki ngā tuhinga me tuku e tō kaiwhakarato Hainamana, ka kitea e koe ngā mōhiohio whai hua, whai hua hoki i konei. Ka kōrero mātou mō te anga IMDG Code (tae atu ki te Whakatikatika 42-24 o te tau 2024 i whakamanahia i te 1 o Hānuere 2026), ngā whakaritenga kawemai motuhake ki Nōwei, te tukanga tuku-mua taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa i Haina, ngā hapa noa e arahi ana ki ngā tauranga utanga i ngā tauranga o Nōwei, me ngā huarahi whakawhiti e wātea ana mai i Ningbo-Zhoushan ki ngā tauranga nui o Nōwei.
Ka whakamāramahia hoki e mātou te āhua o te ratonga kawe taonga o te ao kei Shenzhen, ko Topway Shipping, me te neke atu i te 15 tau o te wheako, e āwhina ana i ngā kaihokohoko ki te whakatere i tēnei momo whenua uaua o te hanganga ture.
He aha a Ningbo-Zhoushan? Te Tauranga i Muri i te Whānuitanga o Haina ki te Ao
Ehara i te mea ko Ningbo-Zhoushan anake te tauranga pukumahi rawa atu o Haina, engari koia te tauranga pukumahi rawa atu o te ao mā te taumaha utanga mō ngā tau 17 karapīpiti. Neke atu i te 1.4 piriona tāne metara utanga i whakahaerehia e te tauranga i te tau 2025, ā, koinei te tauranga tuatahi i pakaru i taua arai i roto i te tau kotahi. I whiti atu hoki tana nui o ngā ipu i te tohu 40 miriona TEU mō te wā tuatahi, ā, i whakaū i tōna mana i roto i ngā tauranga ipu e toru o runga rawa atu o te ao.
I te mutunga o te tau 2025, kua whakatuwheratia e Ningbo-Zhoushan e 309 ngā ara kaipuke ipu, e hono ana i te neke atu i te 700 ngā tauranga i roto i te neke atu i te 200 ngā whenua me ngā rohe. Ko tana taupū hononga tauranga i tuarua i te ao, ā, e 300 pea ngā kaipuke utanga e tū mai ana i ia rā. Ko tēnei taumata hononga te painga matua ki ngā kaihokohoko: he tū mai tonu ki ngā tauranga pokapū o Ūropi tae atu ki a Hamburg, Rotterdam me Bremerhaven e whakarato ana i ngā hononga whāngai ki ngā tauranga o Nōwei – ko Ningbo-Zhoushan te whiringa matua mō ngā utanga moana mai i Haina ki Nōwei.
Kua nui hoki te haumi a te tauranga ki te whakahaere i ngā hua mōrearea i te tauine nui. "Ko ngā taunga motuhake, ngā whare putunga here me te kaha rokiroki DG me te pūnaha whakakore tikanga mamati kua whakauruhia ki ngā papaaho Whakahaere Whānui o ngā Tikanga (GACC) o Haina, ka whakaiti i te raruraru mō ngā kaituku utanga kua whakahaeretia. I whakanuia ngā mōrearea o te whakahaere DG i te ahi taunga Meishan i te tau 2021 i aukati i ngā pūnaha tuku taonga o te ao mō ngā marama, ā, kua piki haere te whakatinanatanga o te ture i te tauranga mai i taua wā."
Te Waehere IMDG: Te Pukapuka Ture Kāore e Taea e Koe te Whakakahore
He aha te Waehere IMDG
Ko te International Maritime Dangerous Commodities (IMDG) Code, i whakaputaina e te International Maritime Organization (IMO), koia te paerewa ture ā-ao mō te kawe waka moana o ngā taonga morearea i roto i te āhua kua tākaihia. He ture ture tēnei i raro i te Upoko VII o te International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) ā, ko ōna whakaritenga taiao e tautokona ana e te MARPOL Annex III. Ko ngā whenua haki katoa kua hainatia te SOLAS, tae atu ki a Haina me Nōwei, me whakarite kia tutuki i a rātou te IMDG Code.
E rua ngā pukapuka o te Ture. Kei roto i te Pukapuka 1 ngā whakaritenga whānui, ngā paerewa whakarōpūtanga, ngā whakaritenga tākai me ngā whakaritenga tāke, ngā tikanga tuku me ngā mahi kawe. Ko te Pukapuka 2 ko te Rārangi Taonga Morearea, he rārangi whānui o ngā matū, tae atu ki te nama UN, te ingoa kaipuke e tika ana, te akomanga, te rōpū tākai me ngā whakaritenga motuhake.
Whakatikatika 42-24: Ngā Mea i Hurihia i te Tau 2026
I whakaaetia te Waehere IMDG, Putanga 2024, tae atu ki te Whakatikatika 42-24, e te Komiti Haumaru Moana o te IMO i tana wāhanga 108 i te marama o Mei 2024. I tukuna noa mai i te 1 o Hānuere 2025, ā, inaianei kua whakahaua mai i te 1 o Hānuere 2026. Koinei te mea e pā ana ki ngā tuku kaipuke katoa mai i Ningbo-Zhoushan ki Nōwei i te wā e tuhia ana tēnei tuhinga.
Ko te huringa whakahaere anake mā ngā kaihokohoko ko te whakarōpūtanga anō o ngā waka hiko me ētahi atu taputapu kawe e whakamahia ana e ngā pākahiko lithium. Mai i te 31 o Poutū-te-rangi, 2025 (me te wā whakawhiti e toru marama e tīmata ana i te 1 o Hānuere, 2025), kāore e taea te whakapuaki i ngā waka e whakamahia ana e te pākahiko lithium i raro i te UN 3171 (Waka Pūhiko). I runga i te matū o te pākahiko, me whakarōpū inaianei hei UN 3556 (Waka, Pūhiko Lithium Ion Powered), UN 3557 (Waka, Pūhiko Rino Lithium) UN 3558 rānei (Waka, Pūhiko Sodium Ion Powered). Kua whakamahia te whakarōpūtanga tawhito hei whakaroa i ngā tuku e tomo ana ki ngā tauranga o Nōwei – ehara tēnei i te take ariā.
I whakaratohia hoki e te Whakatikatika 42-24 ngā whakaurunga hou a te UN mō ngā pākahiko konutai-ion (i ngaro i te putanga o mua) me te tāpiri i ngā whakaritenga tuhinga tāpiri mō ngā waka hiko kei roto ngā raraunga ārai i te rerenga wera.
Ngā Akomanga Taonga Morearea e Iwa
E whakaratohia ana e te IMDG Code ngā taonga morearea katoa i roto i ngā akomanga matua e iwa me ngā paearu tika mō te tākai, te tapanga, te tohu me te wehewehe. E whakaatu ana te ripanga e whai ake nei i ngā akomanga tino nui mō te hokohoko Haina-Nowei:
| Class | kāwai | tauira | Whakaritenga Nui |
| Putanga 1 | Nga pupuhi | Ngā ahi mura, ngā mea whakapahū | Putunga motuhake, kāore he kaipuke pāhihi |
| Putanga 2 | Gas | LPG, hāora kōpeke | Whakamātautau pēhanga, taupoki takirere |
| Putanga 3 | Nga wai inu | Peita, piripiri, whakarewa | Ngā tuhinga mō te Flashpoint |
| Putanga 4 | Nga Toka Kaahui | Ngā mati, ngā paura whakarewa | Tākai ā-roto kua hiritia ki te wera |
| Putanga 5 | Ngā Matū Whakahāora | Ngā peroxide, ngā nitrate | Te wehewehe i ngā mea mura |
| Putanga 6 | Paitini me te Mate Pirau | Ngā patu pepeke, ngā para haumanu | Ko nga kohinga kua whakamanahia e te UN |
| Putanga 7 | Rauemi Irirangi | Ngā isotope hauora | Te whakaaetanga a te mana whai mana |
| Putanga 8 | Nga waikura | Ngā waikawa, ngā pākahiko (māku) | Te pono o te takai o roto |
| Putanga 9 | Ngā Taonga Morearea | Ngā pākahiko lithium, te huka maroke | Ngā rohenga Āhua Utu mō ngā pākahiko |
Mō ngā kaihokohoko e kawe ana i ngā utanga whakauru, ko ngā here wehewehe i waenga i ngā momo kore e hototahi – arā, ngā wai mura (Akomanga 3) kāore e taea te rongoa i te taha o ngā matū whakahāweawe (Akomanga 5) – ka hua ake he paparanga raruraru anō mō te whakamahere ipu me whakatau i mua i te pukapuka.
Anga Kawemai a Nōwei mō ngā Taonga Morearea
Ngā Tikanga Tāke o Nōwei (Tolletaten) me te Whakahaere Matū o te EEA
Ehara a Nōwei i te mema o te EU, engari hei mema o te Rohe Ōhanga o Ūropi (EEA) ka whakatinanahia e ia te nuinga o ngā ture o te EU, tae atu ki ngā ture mō ngā matū. I Nōwei, ka whakatinanahia te Ture REACH (Rēhitatanga, Aromatawai, Whakamanatanga me te Here i ngā Matū) mā te Whakaaetanga EEA, ā, kua whakaurua ki roto i ngā Ture REACH ā-motu i Nōwei. Ko te Ture CLP (Whakarōpūtanga, Tapanga me te Tākai o ngā matū me ngā ranunga) te ture e whakahaere ana i te tapanga o ngā matū kino me ngā ranunga ina kawemai ki Nōwei. Ko te Tari Taiao o Nōwei te mana whakahaere.
I roto i te mahi, ko te tikanga o tēnei me tutuki i tētahi ipu matū ahumahi e tae mai ana i Ningbo, ehara i te mea ko ngā paerewa o te IMDG Code mō te wāhanga moana anake, engari me tutuki hoki i ngā paearu tapanga CLP i te wā e tukuna ana te taake a Nōwei. Kāore te Tari Taake a Nōwei (Tolletaten) e whakamātautau anō i ngā taonga engari e arotake ana i te katoa o ngā tuhinga. Ka puritia ngā tukunga mēnā kāore he SDS, mēnā he hē te whakamaoritanga o te SDS, mēnā rānei e pā ana te SDS ki tētahi whakarōpūtanga CLP tawhito kua whakahoutia i muri mai.
Te Tomokanga Tauranga o Nōwei mō DG Cargo
Ko ngā taonga morearea e tomo mai ana mā te moana ki ngā tauranga o Nōwei, arā, ko Oslo (te tauranga o Sjursoya), Bergen, Stavanger me Kristiansand, me whai tukanga whakamōhiotanga i mua i te taenga mai. Me whakapuaki e te kaikawe (me tana ākena rānei) ngā utanga DG katoa i runga i te kaipuke ki te mana whakahaere tauranga i mua i te taenga mai o te kaipuke. Ka mahia tēnei mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha karere Whakawhiti Raraunga Hiko (EDI), he maha ngā wā mā te ākena tauranga a te kaikawe.
Ka tirohia e ngā mana whakahaere tauranga o Nōwei te rārangi utanga ki te Whakapuakitanga Taonga Morearea a te IMO (DGD) mō te akomanga, te tau UN, te rōpū tākai me te tutuki i te wehenga. Ko ngā ipu kua tīpakohia mō te whakamātautau ka tirotirohia ā-tinana e te Tari Tāke o Nōwei, e te Mana Moana o Nōwei rānei (Sjøfartsdirektoratet). Ka tirotirohia pinepinetia ngā Akomanga 1 (ngā mea pahū) me te Akomanga 7 (ngā rauemi irahiko), pērā i ngā uta katoa me ngā tuhinga e āhua koretake ana, e kore rānei e oti.
Me mōhio hoki ngā kaikawemai e hiahiatia ana e ngā mana whakahaere o Nōwei ngā whakaaetanga kawemai i mua i te kawemai, ngā whakamōhiotanga rānei mō ngā momo taonga morearea. Ko ngā matū e hipokina ana e te Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants me whai tiwhikete whakawātea, me whai whakamahinga whakamana rānei i mua i te whakaaetia mō te kawemai.
Hipanga-i-te-Hipanga: Te Tukanga Whakatutuki i mua i te Tukunga mai i Haina
Whakarōpūtanga me te Tauwhāinga Tau UN
Ka tīmata tō haerenga ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture i mua i tō whakaritenga i tētahi pukapuka. Ko te kawenga a te kaihokohoko (a tāna kaituku uta rānei) ki te whakarōpū tika i ngā utanga i raro i te Rārangi Taonga Morearea i roto i te Waehere IMDG. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whiriwhiri i te nama UN tika, te ingoa kaipuke tika, te akomanga morearea me te rōpū tākai. Mō ngā ranunga matū kāore i wehea motuhaketia, ko te pūtake o te whakarōpūtanga ko te huarahi i hoatuhia i roto i te Waehere IMDG Upoko 2 e hiahia ana kia mōhio ki ngā wāhanga takitahi me ō rātou rahinga.
Ko tētahi hapa noa ko te whakamahi i tētahi whakarōpūtanga i tika i raro i tētahi putanga o mua o te IMDG. I tāpirihia e te Whakatikatika 42-24 ngā tau UN hou, ā, i whakarerekētia ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō ētahi matū. He pono rawa tēnei mō ngā hua pākahiko lithium, i te mea kua tino rerekē te āhua whakarōpūtanga mai i te tau 2025 ki te 2026, ā, ko ngā kaihokohoko kāore anō kia whakahou i ā rātou pātengi raraunga ā-roto ka tūpono ki te whakamahi i ngā tau UN tawhito.
Tiwhikete Tākai Taonga Morearea
E ai ki te ture ā-ture Hainamana, i raro i te mana whakahaere o te GACC, me whiwhi ngā kaihoko ki tāwāhi i tētahi Tiwhikete Tākai Taonga Morearea (危险品包装证书) hei kaweake i tētahi uta DG. He tukanga e rua ngā taahiraa. Tuatahi, me tirotirohia, me whakamanahia hoki ngā takai a te kaihanga takai e tētahi rōpū tirotiro e whakaaetia ana e te GACC. Tuarua, me whiwhi te kaihoko ki tētahi tiwhikete e whakaū ana kua whakamatautauria, kua whakaaetia hoki te takai motuhake i whakamahia mō te uta motuhake kia whakamahia me taua momo taonga morearea. Me haere tahi tēnei tiwhikete me te whakapuakitanga kaweake.
Mō ngā pākahiko lithium, me whai tuhinga tāpiri i te wāhanga kaweake o Haina: he pūrongo whakamātautau UN 38.3 mai i tētahi taiwhanga whai mana e whakaatu ana i paahitia e ngā pākahiko ngā whakamātautau haumaru e waru (whakaahuatanga teitei, whakamātautau wera, wiri, ru, ara iahiko poto o waho, pānga, utu nui me te tukunga ā-kaha). Ko ngā pākahiko kāore he pūrongo UN 38.3 e kore e whakaaetia mō te whakaaetanga kaweake i Ningbo-Zhoushan, i tētahi atu tauranga Haina rānei.
Te whakaoti i te Whakapuakitanga Taonga Morearea a te IMO
Ko te Whakapuakitanga Taonga Morearea (DGD) te tuhinga matua a te IMO mō ngā utanga moana katoa a te DG. Ko te kaituku (ehara i te kaikawe) te kawenga mō te whakaoti i tēnei me te whakauru i te nama UN, te ingoa kaipuke tika, te akomanga morearea, te rōpū tākai, te maha me te momo o ngā mōkihi, te taumaha kupenga me te taumaha katoa, te pūwāhi mura (mēnā e tika ana), te tohu parahanga moana (mēnā e tika ana), me te urupare ohorere. whakapā. Me whakauru te tiwhikete kua hainatia ki roto i te whakapuakitanga a te kaituku: 'E whakaatu ana ahau i konei kua whakaahuatia katoatia, kua tika hoki ngā ihirangi o tēnei uta i runga ake nei e te ingoa tuku tika, ā, kua whakarōpūtia, kua tākaihia, kua tohua, kua tāpirihia he tapanga/he panui, ā, kei roto i ngā āhuatanga katoa i te āhua tika mō te kawe i runga anō i ngā ture kāwanatanga o te ao me te motu e tika ana.'
Ko te tino take o te whakakorenga utanga i Ningbo-Zhoushan ko ngā hapa i runga i te DGD, pērā i ngā tau UN kua whakawhitia, ngā tohu rōpū tākai hē, ngā mōhiohio whakapā ohorere ngaro rānei. He whakamātautau whakaae DG ā ngā kaikawe i mua i te utaina, ā, ki te whakakahoretia te pukapuka DG tata ki te wā kati o te kaipuke, ka roa pea te tatari mō ngā rā, ngā wiki rānei mō te wāhi DG e wātea ana i runga i te kaipuke e tika ana.
Anei te whakarāpopototanga o ngā tuhinga matua e hiahiatia ana e koe mō te kawe i ō taonga morearea mai i Ningbo ki Nōwei:
| tuhinga | Rōpū Tuku | taumu'a |
| Whakapuakitanga Taonga Morearea a te IMO | Kaihoko / Kaituku Waka | Whakapuaki i te akomanga utanga, te nama UN, te rōpū tākai |
| Rau Raraunga Haumaru Rawa (MSDS/SDS) | Manufacturer | Ngā āhuatanga matū me ngā mōhiohio urupare āwhati |
| Tiwhikete Whakapakari Taonga Morearea | Te Tari Tikanga Hainamana (GACC) | E whakamana ana kua tutuki ngā paerewa IMDG i te takai |
| UN 38.3 Ripoata Whakamatau (Pikohiko) | Taiwhanga Whakamana | Kua whakamanahia kua paahitia e ngā pākahiko lithium ngā whakamātautau haumaru |
| Tiwhikete Tapaki | Kaituku Waka / Kaikawe | Whakaū i te tika o te whakakī ipu |
| Raihana Kaweake (mehemea e tika ana) | MOFCOM Haina | E hiahiatia ana mō ngā taonga hangarau whakahaeretia / ngā taonga whakamahi-rua |
| Whakapuakitanga Tikanga o Nōwei (SAD) | Kai kawemai / Kaihoko | Te tukunga kawemai i te tauranga o Nōwei |
Te Ara: Mai i Ningbo-Zhoushan ki ngā Tauranga o Nōwei
Kāore he ratonga moana hohonu tika a Ningbo-Zhoushan me ngā tauranga o Nōwei. Ko te tikanga noa ko te whakawhiti kaipuke mā roto i tētahi pokapū nui o Ūropi ki te Raki (ko Hamburg, Rotterdam, Bremerhaven, Antwerp rānei te tikanga) kātahi ka kawe i tētahi ratonga whāngai ki te tauranga ūnga o Nōwei. He pānga tēnei hanganga whakawhiti kaipuke mō ngā taonga morearea: me whai mana, me hototahi hoki ngā tuhinga DG i roto i te kaipuke matua me te waewae whāngai. Ka whakamahia e ētahi kaikawe whāngai ētahi atu here mō ngā utanga DG i runga ake i ngā whakaritenga iti rawa o te Ture IMDG, nō reira he mea nui kia tirohia te whakaae a DG me ngā kaikawe e rua i mua i te tuhi pukapuka.
I te marama o Āperira 2025, i huraina e Ningbo-Zhoushan tētahi tauira whakahaere hou mō Ūropi e whakauru ana i ngā ratonga tereina moana me te tereina moana, me te ara tereina Haina-Ūropi Arctic Express e tae atu ana ki te tauranga o Felixstowe i te UK i roto i ngā rā 18. Kua whakatuwherahia hoki e te ratonga moana Ningbo-Zhoushan-Wilhelmshaven China-Ūropi Express te mahi noa, e whakaiti ana i te haerenga i waenga i a Haina me Tiamana mā te neke atu i te 10 ngā rā ki te whakataurite ki ngā ara noa. Mā ēnei ratonga tereina ka tere ake te urunga ki te whatunga pokapū o Te Tai Tokerau o Ūropi, ā, ka taea te tapahi i te wā whakawhiti katoa mai i Ningbo ki Nōwei mō ngā utanga DG mā ētahi rā – engari i tēnei wā he pai rawa atu ēnei mō ngā utanga kore-DG, ngā utanga DG here rānei, nā runga i ngā herenga whakaae a te kaikawe.
| Tauranga Taketake | Papa Haumaru | Te Waka Tata | Ratonga Noa | Tawhiti |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Ōslo (Sjursoya) | 28-35 ra | FCL / LCL | Hamburg, Rotterdam ranei |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Bergen | 30-38 ra | FCL / LCL | Hāmupa, Bremerhaven rānei |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Stavanger | 32-40 ra | FCL / LCL | Hāmupa, Ānawepa rānei |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Kristiansand | 31-38 ra | FCL | Rotterdam |
Ko tētahi atu herenga mahi mō tēnei huarahi mō ngā uta LCL (iti iho i te utaina ipu) mō ngā taonga kino ko te mea me whai raihana ngā whare whakakotahi LCL mō ngā utanga DG, ā, kāore ngā kamupene whakakotahi katoa i ngā pokapū whakawhiti utanga o Te Tai Tokerau o Ūropi e rite ana ki te uta tahi i ngā taonga DG me ngā utanga whānui. Me tirotiro e ngā kaihokohoko e whakamahi ana i te LCL mō ngā uta DG te whakaaetanga DG LCL i mua noa atu. Ko ngā reiti DG LCL he 30 ki te 50 ōrau teitei ake i ngā reiti LCL kore-DG rite, e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā whakaritenga whakahaere me te tuhi tuhinga tāpiri.
Ngā Pūhiko Ritiumu: Te Kāwai DG Tino Uaua i te Tauhokohoko Haina-Nowei
Ko ngā pākahiko lithium (Akomanga 9, Ētahi Atu) te raruraru tutuki ture tino hihiri o ngā akomanga taonga kino katoa i te huarahi Ningbo-Norway. Ko Haina te kaihanga matua o te ao mō ngā pākahiko lithium. Ko Nōrwei, ko ētahi o ngā whenua kei reira te reiti kaipupuri EV teitei rawa atu o ia tangata puta noa i te ao, ā, he mākete hiko kaihoko e whanake haere ana, he mākete ūnga matua mō ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana te pākahiko.
I whakatikatikahia e te Whakatikatika 42-24 te whakarōpūtanga kua whakaahuatia i te Wāhanga 2 i runga ake nei. Engari ko te uaua o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga he nui atu i ngā whakahoutanga tau UN. Mai i waenganui o te tau 2025, kua whakapakari a Haina i tana pūnaha whakahaere kaweake i runga i ngā hangarau e hono ana ki ngā pākahiko lithium. I te Hōngongoi 2025, i kī a MOFCOM me whai raihana kaweake mō te whakawhiti i ngā hangarau matua e waru e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga pākahiko EV, tae atu ki ngā tukanga matua mō ngā pākahiko lithium rino phosphate (LFP). I te Oketopa 2025, i panuitia ngātahi e MOFCOM me GACC ngā ture pakari ake mō ngā taonga whakamahi-rua ka whai mana i te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2025. Me whakaaro ngā kaihokohoko o ngā taonga pākahiko lithium kua oti te whakaoti e whakamahi ana i ēnei hangarau - ahakoa kāore te hua i te Rārangi Whakamahi-Rua - mēnā me whai raihana kaweake.
I te taha kawemai o Nōwei, he maha ngā whakaritenga mahi mō te tutuki i te Ture IMDG mō ngā pākahiko: kaua ngā pākahiko lithium ion e tukuna ana i raro i te Akomanga IA (UN3480, PI965 Wāhanga IA) e neke ake i te 30 ōrau te āhua o te utu (SoC); me whakaatu e ngā kete katoa te tapanga pākahiko lithium Akomanga 9 e hiahiatia ana; me haere tahi te Whakapuakitanga a te Kaituku me ngā tuku Akomanga IA; ā, me whakauru ngā tuhinga ārai i te rere wera ki ngā pākahiko whakauru-EV katoa e tukuna ana hei wāhanga o te waka. Kei te mōhio haere ngā āpiha tauranga o Nōwei me ngā tikanga o Nōwei ki ēnei ture, ā, ka tirohia e rātou ngā tuhinga DG mō ngā kaweake pākahiko i te rima tau ki muri.
Nga Hapa Matanoa me te Me pehea te Ape
Ko ngā tau o te wheako mahi i roto i te tuku hua kino mai i Haina ki Ūropi e tohu ana i te auau o te puta mai o ngā momo hapa kotahi. Kei raro nei he ripanga o ngā hapa tino pāngia me pēhea te ārai i aua hapa:
| Hapa noa | Hua | Prevention |
| He hē te nama UN i runga i te DGD | I whakakahoretia te utanga i te tauranga taketake | Manatokohia te whakarōpūtanga me te rārangi IMDG Pukapuka 2 |
| Ngā MSDS / SDS ngaro | Te whare pupuri tikanga i Norway | Tāpirihia te SDS ki ia tuku DG |
| Pūhiko lithium SoC > 30% (Akomanga IA) | Te whakakorenga a te kaikawe | Te whakahaere utu i mua i te tākai |
| Kāore he Tiwhikete Tākai GACC | Kua āraia te kaweake i Haina | Tonoa mā te taiwhanga raihana GACC i mua i te tuhi pukapuka |
| Tau UN kua tawhito (hei tauira, UN 3171 mō ngā EV) | Te pupuri i te tauranga o Nōwei | Whakamahia te UN 3556/3557/3558 mai i Hanuere 2026 |
Haunga ngā hapa pepa, ko te wā tika o ngā pukapuka tētahi atu rōpū nui o ngā take ka taea te ārai. Me whakapuaki ngā taonga morearea katoa ki te kaikawe i mua i te wā kati a te DG, arā, 3 ki te 5 ngā rā i mua i te rā whiwhinga utanga o te kaipuke. He maha ngā kaikawe e whakaaro ana ki ngā pukapuka DG hei pukapuka noa, ā, ka waiho te tukunga o ngā tuhinga DG ki te meneti whakamutunga. Nō reira, kāore he wā o te tari DG o te kaikawe ki te mahi i te tirotiro whakaae, ā, ka whakakahoretia te pukapuka. Ka taea e ngā kaihokohoko rahinga-waenga nui te whai pānga nui ki ngā mahi mā te whakaaro ki te wā ārahi a te DG ki roto i te mahere kaipuke, kaua hei whakaaro i muri mai.
8. Me pēhea te tautoko a Topway Shipping i ō tuku taonga mōrearea
Kei Shenzhen, Haina a Topway Shipping, ā, he kaiwhakarato ngaio mō ngā otinga whakahaere tauhokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe mai i te tau 2010. Neke atu i te 15 tau te wheako o te tīma whakatū i roto i ngā whakahaere whakahaere o te ao me te whakawātea tikanga, me te arotahi motuhake ki te kawe waka a Haina-US — me te taumata tohungatanga ōrite e kapi ana i ngā whatunga hokohoko a Haina Ūropi, tae atu ki te ara whakawhiti o Haina Nōwei.
Ka hipokina e ngā ratonga a Topway Shipping te mekameka whakahaere katoa: te kawe waka tuatahi mai i te wheketere ki te tauranga, te kawe waka o tāwāhi whare patu, te whakawātea tikanga (te āwhina mō te whakawātea kaweake Hainamana me te whakawātea kawemai Nōwei), me te tuku whakamutunga. Ina koa mō ngā taonga morearea, ka mahi tahi a Topway me ngā whakahaere tirotiro raihana GACC hei āwhina i ngā kaihokohoko ki te tiki i te Tiwhikete Tākai Taonga Morearea i te wāhanga kaweake Hainamana, ā, ka mahi tahi me ngā rōpū whakaae DG o te kaikawe ki te whakarite kia tukuna ngā whakapuakitanga DG i roto i te matapihi e hiahiatia ana e te kaikawe.
Ka whakarato a Topway i ngā ratonga uta uta moana me ngā ratonga uta uta ipu katoa (FCL) me ngā ratonga uta uta iti iho i te ipu (LCL) mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga matua o te ao, tae atu ki ngā tauranga o Nōwei pērā i a Oslo, Bergen me Stavanger. Mā te kōwhiringa FCL ka taea te whakarite i ngā utanga DG – kotahi ipu mō ngā taonga a te kaituku kotahi, me te kore he raruraru uta tahi e pā ana ki te DG LCL. Ina hiahiatia te LCL mō ngā uta DG iti ake, ka kitea e te tīma o Topway ngā whare putunga whakakotahi kua raihanahia hei whakahaere i te DG i roto i te pokapū whakawhiti e tika ana.
Ka āwhina hoki te tīma i ngā kiritaki me te whanaketanga o te whakahaere kaweake Hainamana. I te mea ka whakatikatikaina te rārangi whakahaere kaweake a MOFCOM i te tau 2025 hei whakahaere i ngā hangarau pākahiko me ngā taonga whakamahi-rua, ka mahi tahi a Topway me ngā kaitohutohu ture kaweake hei āwhina i ngā kaihanga pākahiko me ngā kaihokohoko ki te whakatau mēnā e hiahiatia ana he raihana kaweake mō ā rātou hua motuhake i mua i te taenga mai o ngā utanga ki Ningbo-Zhoushan, kia kore ai e puta he utu nui o te whakakorenga utanga i te kūaha o te tauranga.
Opaniraa
Ko te tuku hua morearea mai i Ningbo-Zhoushan ki Nōwei tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino uaua o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ture i roto i ngā utanga moana o te ao—engari ka taea te whakatutuki mā te whakamahi i ngā hoa mahi tika me te whakamahere. Ko te Whakatikatika Ture IMDG 42-24, i whai mana katoa i te 1 o Hānuere 2026, kua whakatakoto i tētahi turanga hou mō te whakarōpūtanga mō ētahi kāwai utanga matua, tae atu ki ngā taonga pākahiko lithium. Haunga ngā ture EU REACH me CLP, ko te whakaritenga o Nōwei te tikanga me whakahaere he paparanga ture tuarua i mua i te whakaaetanga o ngā taonga ki ngā tikanga tuku iho i Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger rānei.
Ko ngā mea nui mō te angitu o te tuku kaipuke DG i runga i tēnei ara ko: te whakarōpūtanga tika ki te Waehere IMDG o nāianei; ngā tuhinga kua oti me te whakarite tika, tae atu ki te DGD, MSDS/SDS me te Tiwhikete Tākai Taonga Morearea Hainamana; te mōhio ki te pūnaha whakahaere kaweake whakakaha a Haina mō ngā hangarau e pā ana ki te pākahiko; te wā tika mō te tuhi pukapuka me te whai whakaaro ki ngā tukanga whakaae a te kaikawe DG; me te whiriwhiri i tētahi hoa mahi kawe waka me te tohungatanga DG pono puta noa i ngā wāhanga kaweake Hainamana me te kawemai o Nōwei.
I te whakawhānui ake a Ningbo-Zhoushan i tana whatunga huarahi me te haumi ki ngā hanganga whakahaere DG, me te piki haere tonu o te hiahia o Nōwei ki ngā hua pākahiko me ngā matū ahumahi mai i Haina, ka piki ake te rahinga me te uaua o ngā taonga morearea e neke ana i tēnei ara hokohoko. Ko ngā kaipuke e haumi ana ki ngā pūkenga ture inaianei, kaua e ako mai i ngā whakaroa me ngā whiu utu nui, ka noho pai ki te whakapiki i ā rātou kaweake me te whai hua me te pono.
FAQs
P: He mea whakahau te Waehere IMDG mō ngā kaipuke katoa mai i Haina ki Nōwei?
Āe. Ko Haina me Nōwei ngā taha e rua o SOLAS, e hiahia ana kia tutuki i a ia ngā whakaritenga o te IMDG Code mō ngā hua morearea katoa e haria ana e te moana. Ko te Putanga 2024 (Whakatikatika 42-24) me whai mana mai i te 1 o Hānuere 2026.
P: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te FCL me te LCL mō ngā uta taonga kino?
A: Ko te FCL (Utaina Ipu Katoa) e tohu ana kei roto i tō utanga te ipu katoa, nō reira kāore he raruraru uta-tahi me ngā utanga a ētahi atu kaituku. Koinei te kōwhiringa pai mō te utanga DG. Ka whakakotahi te LCL (Iti iho i te Utaina Ipu) i ngā taonga a te tini kaituku ki roto i te ipu kotahi. Kāore e taea e ngā whare putunga whakakotahi katoa te tango utanga DG, ā, he maha ngā wā ka teitei ake ngā utu LCL DG i ngā LCL ehara i te DG.
Q: I mua i whakapuakina aku pākahiko lithium i raro i te UN 3171. Me whakarerekē tetahi mea?
A: Āe–ināianei tonu. Mai i te 31 o Poutū-te-rangi 2025, ka pā te UN 3171 ki ngā waka anake e mau ana i ngā pākahiko kore-litium (hei tauira, te waikawa mata). "Me whakamahi ngā waka e whakamahia ana e te pākahiko lithium i te UN 3556, UN 3557, UN 3558 rānei. Tērā pea ka āraihia ngā utanga e te whakarōpūtanga tawhito ki ngā tauranga o Nōwei."
Q: Kia pēhea te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whiwhi i te Tiwhikete Tākai Taonga Morearea i Haina?
A: Ko te tikanga, e 5 ki te 10 ngā rā pakihi mai i te wā e tukuna ai e koe te tono me ngā tauira tākai ki tētahi tari tirotiro kua whakamanahia e te GACC. Me whakauru tēnei ki roto i ngā wātaka whakaputa me te tuku mō ngā kaihokohoko, inā koa ka mahi tahi me ngā taonga hou, ngā whirihoranga tākai hou rānei.
Q: Ka whakahaerehia e Topway Shipping te whakawāteatanga kaweake a DG i Haina?
A: Ae. Kei roto i ngā mahi a Topway Shipping te tuku i ngā taonga mai i ngā tauranga Hainamana pērā i a Ningbo-Zhoushan, ā, e mahi tahi ana me ngā whakahaere tirotiro raihana GACC mō te tiwhikete tākai. Ka tiaki mātou i ngā pepa DG e tika ana hei whakatutuki i ngā rā kati mō ngā kaikawe.
