Tukuna mai i Haina ki Hōrana: Te Whakatutukitanga REACH mō ngā Hua Matū
Ko Netherlands, me Rotterdam anō hoki, te wāhi tino pukumahi rawa atu mō ngā utanga matū e neke ana mai i Haina ki te Kotahitanga o Ūropi. I ia tau, ka piki haere tonu te nui o ngā kapia, ngā tāpiringa, ngā paninga, ngā matū whakapaipai, me ngā takawaenga ahumahi e tukuna ana. Tata ki ia o aua uta me haere mā roto i tētahi kēti ture i mua i te taenga ki tētahi whare putunga Netherlands: te Ture REACH.
Ki tētahi kaihoko Hainamana, tērā pea ka rite a REACH ki tētahi take āhua noa o te tari Pākehā tae noa ki te wā e kore ai e tukuna he ipu ki te tauranga nā te mea kua ngaro te Pepa Raraunga Haumaru, kāore rānei i rēhitatia he matū. I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka arotahi mātou ki ngā mea e tonoa ana e REACH i te tau 2026, ko wai te kawenga mō te aha, me pēhea te hurihanga o te huringa ture o nāianei, me pēhea te whakarite i te tukanga tuku me te tuhi tuhinga kia taea ai e ngā utanga matū te neke mai i tētahi wheketere Hainamana ki tētahi kaihoko Hōrana me te kore he raruraru i ngā tari taake.
Ngā Mea e Hiahiatia Ana e REACH Mai i ngā Kaihoko Haina
Ko te REACH he whakarāpopototanga mō te Rēhitatanga, te Aromatawai, te Whakamanatanga me te Here i ngā Matū, ā, ko te Ture Whakahaere (EC) Nama 1907/2006 tēnei. E whakahaeretia ana e te Tari Matū Pākehā i Helsinki, ā, he whānui rawa: e pā ana ki ngā matū takitahi, i roto i ngā whakakotahitanga me ngā tūemi kua oti te whakaoti ina whakaarohia he tukunga āta whakaarohia i te wā e whakamahia ana.
Kāore he wheketere i Shenzhen, Ningbo, Qingdao rānei i whakatūria i roto i te EU, nō reira, kāore e taea te rēhita tonu i tētahi matū ki te ECHA. Engari, ko te kawenga kei runga i tētahi kaikawe mai i te EU kua rēhitatia, i tētahi Māngai Anake rānei kua tohua e te kaihanga Hainamana hei rēhita mōna. He mea nui tēnei ina tae mai ki te whakamahere i tētahi tuku, nā te mea ko te nama rēhita, te kore rānei o tētahi, e whakatau ana mēnā ka taea te tuku ture i ngā taonga ki te mākete Tatimana.
Kāore hoki i te tika te kōrero mō te whānuitanga. Kāore te ranunga kua rite ki te whakamahi, pērā i te paninga, i te hua horoi rānei, i rēhitatia pērā i raro i te REACH. Engari, ko ngā rongoā takitahi i roto i taua ranunga kua rēhitatia, ina kawemaihia mai i te kotahi tana, neke atu rānei i te tau mō ia hinonga ture. Ko ngā kaihoko me ngā kaituku kaipuke e mutu ana te tuku ko te hunga e whakaaro ana kua hipokina aunoa te ranunga kua oti nā te mea e mōhiotia whānuitia ana tētahi kai.
He Tau Whakawhiti te Tau 2026, Ehara i te Raina Whakamutunga
Me mōhio te hunga e hiahia ana ki te mārama ki te REACH i te tau 2026 he tau tēnei mō te whakakotahitanga, ehara i te tau mō te panonitanga ture whānui. I roto i tētahi whakawakanga i mua i te Komiti mō te Taiao, te Āhuarangi me te Haumaru Kai o te Paremata Pākehā i te marama o Āperira 2026, i whakanui te Komihana Taiao a Jessika Roswall i te whakatinanatanga me te whakangawari, kaua ki te tuhi anō i te ture – he nekehanga nui mai i te Rautaki Matū mō te Oranga Tonutanga o te tau 2020, i te tuatahi i oati ai ki te whakahou katoa i te REACH hei wāhanga o te Whakaaetanga Kakariki Pākehā.
Engari kāore anō kia ngoikore te taumahatanga. Kua huri te aro o ngā ture mai i ngā ture hou ki ngā whakapainga hangarau, te aromatawai i ngā kōnae me te whakatinanatanga kaha ake o ngā ture o mua. E whakaatu mārama ana ngā raraunga e rima tau a ECHA i te huringa: i waenga i te tau 2021 me te tau 2025 i tukatukahia e te tari te 18,911 rēhitatanga tuatahi me te 45,189 whakahoutanga kōnae rēhitatanga, nō reira ko te nuinga o ngā mahi ture o nāianei ko te tiaki me te whakahaere kounga i ngā kōnae o mua, kaua ki ngā rēhitatanga hou.
He mea tino whai hua tēnei mō tētahi kaihoko Hainamana. Ehara i te mea hei wareware noa iho te whakatūnga Māngai Anake i ngā tau e rua, e toru rānei ki muri. Me whakahou tonu ngā kōnae mena ka huri ngā taumaha, ka kitea rānei he whakamahinga hou, ka rerekē paku noa rānei te āhua o te matū.
Kei te tipu haere tonu te rārangi SVHC, ā, kei te neke haere tonu i runga i te wātaka
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino whakararuraru o te REACH mō ngā kawemai ko ngā Matū Tino Āwangawanga, nā te mea kāore te rārangi i te tūmau tonu. Ka whakahoutia e te ECHA te Rārangi Kaitono i ia marama o Hānuere me Hune. Ka taea e ia whakaurunga hou ki te rārangi te waihanga i ngā takoha hou mai i te tirohanga o te aromatawai tūemi, te whakamōhiotanga pātengi raraunga SCIP me ngā herenga whakaaturanga ki ngā kiritaki i raro iho i te mekameka tuku.
Kāore te tere i puhoi i te tau 2026. I te marama o Pēpuere, i tāpirihia e te ECHA ētahi matū hou e rua ki te Rārangi Kaitono SVHC, ā, kua eke te tapeke ki te 253 mai i te 251, tae atu ki tētahi o ngā tāpiringa nui, ko te Bisphenol AF. Mō tētahi kaiwhakarato Hainamana kei a ia ngā kapia epoxy, ngā kaiwhakapai kirihou, ngā pūmua motuhake rānei i roto i tana whānuitanga hua, ehara tēnei momo whakahoutanga i te mea iti noa iho; ka taea e ia te arahi ki ngā tapanga hou, ki ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hou ki ngā kiritaki i raro i te Ture 33, ā, i ētahi wā, he huringa whakahou anō.
Ngā Paepae Rēhita i te Tirohanga Poto
Ko te REACH e hangai ana ki te taumaha, e whakatau ana i te nui o ngā mōhiohio e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi rongoā. Kei te ripanga i raro nei te tauira taketake e pā ana ki ngā kaikawemai me ngā Māngai Anake ina uru atu tētahi matū i hangaia i Haina ki te mākete Tatimana.
| Te nui o te kawemai ā-tau | Whakaritenga Tikanga |
| I raro iho i te 1 tana/tau | Kāore e hiahiatia te rēhitatanga; ka pā tonu pea ētahi atu mahi REACH pēnei i te tapanga CLP |
| 1 ki te 10 tāne/tau | Rēhitatanga katoa me te kōnae hangarau e kapi ana i te tuakiri, te whakarōpūtanga, me te whakamahinga |
| 10 ki te 100 tāne/tau | Te rēhitatanga me te Pūrongo Haumaru Matū me ngā horopaki pānga |
| 100 ki te 1,000 tāne/tau | Ngā whakaritenga ako kua whakawhānuihia me te aromatawai whakaaturanga taipitopito ake |
| Neke atu i te 1,000 tāne/tau | Ngā herenga whakamātautau paitini me te taiao mō te wā roa |
Ka whakaemihia ēnei roopu mō ia hinonga ture, ehara mō ia uta, nō reira ko te aroturuki i ngā rahinga ā-tau i runga i ngā ipu maha me ngā tauranga maha he mea nui rite tonu ki te whai i tētahi pire utanga kotahi kia tino tika.
PFAS me te Ngaru Here e whai ake nei
Haunga te Rārangi Kaitono, he tau tino pukumahi te tau 2026 me ngā whakaaro here e huihui tahi ana mō ngā mea whakapaipai, ngā paninga, ngā matū motuhake, ngā hikohiko me ngā taonga kaihoko. Ko te mea tino nui o ēnei ko te aukati i te PFAS, arā, ngā matū whai fluorine e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakamahinga ahumahi me ngā whakamahinga kaihoko. E matapaetia ana ka oti te tono i te mutunga o te tau 2026, ā, me whakarite ngā umanga e whakaputa ana, e whakamahi ana, e whakatakoto ana rānei i ngā ranunga, i ngā taonga rānei kei roto he PFAS ki te mākete o te EU ināianei, kaua e tatari mō te tuhinga whakamutunga.
I roto i te mahi, ko te whakarite ko te kaha ki te whakautu i te pātai, me ngā mōhiohio taumata kaiwhakarato, mēnā kei roto i tētahi hua he matū whai fluorine, ā, mēnā he pērā, he aha te kukū. Ko ngā kiritaki o te EU, kāore e hiahia ki te mōrearea ture i runga i ā rātou ake pukapuka, ka kaha ake te whakakore i ngā kaiwhakarato kāore e taea te whakautu wawe i taua take mai i ngā RFQ.
Ngā Pūkete Rēhita me ngā Pepa Raraunga Haumaru
Ehara te kōnae rēhita i te puka kotahi engari he kete raraunga mō ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū, ā-pānga paitini me te ā-taiao, ā, mō ngā matū i kawemai i runga ake i te tekau tāne ia tau, me tuku he Pūrongo Haumaru Matū katoa. Me tutuki ngā Pepa Raraunga Haumaru ki te whakatakotoranga Annexe II, ā, me wātea hoki i roto i ngā reo e tika ana mō te EU, me ngā horopaki pānga kua tāpirihia mō ngā matū e hiahia ana ki ēnei.
Haunga te rēhitatanga, e rua atu ngā whakaritenga e whakararu ana i te nui o ngā tuku. E akiaki ana te Ture 33 i ngā kaiwhakarato kia whakamōhio atu ki ā rātou kaihoko mō te noho o ngā SVHC i roto i ngā taonga neke atu i te 0.1 ōrau te taumaha, ina tonoa, ā, i roto i ngā rā 45. Mēnā ka eke ki te taumata kotahi, me tuku ake hoki ngā mōhiohio o te taonga ki te pātengi raraunga SCIP a ECHA, he mea kāore i te mōhiotia e te nuinga o ngā kaihokohoko Hainamana iti tae noa ki te tono a te kaihoko Tatimana.
He wāhanga motuhake, he wāhanga pakari ake mō ngā matū kei te Rārangi Whakamanatanga, Tāpiritanga XIV. Mena kei te rārangihia he matū, ka taea tonu e koe te whakamahi mena kua whiwhi koe i tētahi tono whakamanatanga kua whakaaetia. Mena kāore e taea e koe te tiki, te whakawhirinaki rānei ki tētahi whakamanatanga, me mutu te whakamahi i te matū i roto i ngā taonga mō te EU, ahakoa te roa o tō tukunga atu i mua.
Te Whakawātea Tikanga i Rotterdam mō ngā Utauta Matū
Ko Rotterdam te tauranga nui rawa atu mō ngā matū ki te EU mā te moana, ā, ko te nuinga o aua utanga ka tukuna ki Tiamana, ki Belgium me Parani i muri i te whakawāteatanga e ngā tikanga tuku iho o Hōrana. Ko te wāhi whakawāteatanga tuatahi te wāhi e tere kitea ai ngā hapa tuhinga. Ko ngā āpiha tikanga tuku iho o Hōrana e arotake ana i ngā tuku matū e rapu ana i tētahi Tiwhikete Tātari, he Pepa Raraunga Haumaru o nāianei, he whakarōpūtanga tika i raro i te waehere HS me tētahi nama rēhitatanga REACH, he tohutoro mārama rānei ki te Māngai Anake kua tohua hei hipoki i te matū.
Ko te take tino noa mō ngā whakaroa ko ngā kore e ōrite: he tau CAS kei runga i te nama arumoni kāore e ōrite ki te SDS; he SDS e tukuna ana i roto i te reo Hainamana, Ingarihi rānei, engari e tika ana kia puta te reo Tatimana, tētahi atu reo EU rānei; he takai rānei kāore e tutuki i te tapanga taonga kino a IMDG mō te kawe waka moana. Ka nui pea ēnei hei akiaki i te tirotiro, hei utu whakaheke utu anō, hei whakakore rānei i te whakaurunga i roto i te wā kino rawa atu.
Te Tākai, te Tapanga, me te Whakaritenga CLP
Kāore a REACH i wehe i te Ture CLP, e pā ana ki te whakarōpūtanga, te tapanga me te takai o ngā matū me ngā ranunga morearea. Me tutuki ngā tauākī mōrearea, ngā tohu me ngā tauākī whakatūpato kei runga i te takai o waho ki te whakarōpūtanga kua rēhitatia mō taua matū. Ki te hē tāu mahi i tēnei, ehara i te mea ka pāngia koe e te pupuri ture ā-ture anake, engari ka pāngia pea koe e te utu nui o te tapanga anō o ngā hua kua takoto kē i roto i te whare putunga here a Hōrana, ka whakakorea te moni whiwhi kua whakauruhia ki roto i te tuku.
Ahakoa kua oti kē te puka rēhitatanga i runga i te hangarau, ko te tohu tuatahi e kitea ana o te āputa hohonu ake o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ko te Pepa Raraunga Haumaru kua tawhito. Ko tētahi o ngā tikanga māmā, iti rawa te utu ka taea e te kaihokohoko te whakawhanake, me tētahi o ngā mea e kore e arohia, ko te pupuri i ngā tuhinga SDS kia hou tonu me te whakarōpūtanga hou me te whakahoutanga o te Rārangi Kaitono hou.
Te Hanga i tētahi Mahere Tukunga Tuturu Mai i Haina ki Hōrana
Kāore he hua o ngā tuhinga katoa o runga ake nei mēnā kāore te tuku kaipuke ā-tinana i whakaritea kia rite ki tēnā. Ko tētahi mahere whakahaere matū pono mai i Haina ki Netherlands ko te whakarite i te pukapuka utanga moana he utaina-kī tonu, he utaina-iti iho rānei i te utaina-ipu, te whakarite i ngā pepa REACH me CLP i mua i te wehenga atu o te kaipuke, te hono atu ki te Māngai Anake kei roto i te kōnae, me te whai mahere mārama mō te whakakorenga tikanga me te tohatoha haere tonu ina tae mai te ipu.
Kei konei te uara o tētahi hoa mahi kawe waka me te wheako tuku matū. Mai i te tau 2010, kua whakawhanakehia e Topway Shipping o Shenzhen tana pakihi i runga i tēnei momo tauhokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe me te whakarite kawe waka ahumahi. Neke atu i te tekau mā rima tau o te wheako o ngā kaiwhakaū ki ngā kawe waka o te ao me te whakawātea tikanga, inā koa i roto i te kawe waka mai i Haina ki tāwāhi, ā, ko ngā ratonga a te kamupene e kapi ana i te mekameka katoa: te kawe waka tuatahi mai i te wheketere, te whare putunga ki tāwāhi i muri i te taenga mai o ngā taonga, te whakawātea tikanga me te tuku whakamutunga ki te kaihoko whakamutunga. Ka taea hoki e Topway Shipping te whakarato i ngā utanga moana ngāwari me te utanga ipu-katoa me te utanga iti iho i te utanga ipu-katoa mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga nui o te ao, e hoatu ana ki ngā kaihokohoko matū te ngāwari ki te whakataurite i te rahi o ngā utanga ki te rahinga ota tuturu, kaua ki te whakapau kaha ki te ipu kī tonu.
Mō tētahi uta matū, ko te tikanga o taua tukanga mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga, ko ngā tirotiro tuhinga, pērā i te whakarite kia hou tonu te SDS me te whakamaori tika, kia rite rānei te tohutoro rēhitatanga a te Māngai Anake ki te matū kua whakarārangihia ki te nama hokohoko, ka taea te whakahaere i mua i te utaina o te ipu, kaua e tohuhia e te āpiha tikanga i Rotterdam i muri i te mahi. Ā, mā te whare putunga ki tāwāhi i te taha o Netherlands ka taea hoki e ngā kaihokohoko te pupuri i te hua i te wā e whakaotihia ana ngā tuhinga kāore anō kia oti, pērā i te whakaaturanga Tuhinga 33 kua whakahoutia, me te kaihoko.
Ngā Hapa Noa e Whakaroa ai i ngā Tukunga Matū
Ko te hapa tino kitea ko te whakaaro mēnā kua rēhitatia tētahi kai nui ki tētahi atu wāhi o te EU, ka tiakina aunoatia te ranunga kua oti te hanga mai i taua mea. Ko te tikanga me manatoko te tūnga rēhita o ia hinonga ture kawemai, ā, me matawai anō te Rārangi Kaitono i ia whakahoutanga ā-haurua-tau, kaua ko te wā kotahi anake i te tīmatanga o tētahi hononga arumoni.
Ko tētahi atu āputa noa ko te whakamahinga o raro iho. Mena kei te hiahia te kaihoko Tatimana ki te whakamahi i tētahi matū kawemai i tētahi huarahi kāore e arohia ana e te horopaki pānga e pā ana ki te rēhitatanga o nāianei, me tuku pea e ia he pūrongo kaiwhakamahi raro iho ki te ECHA. Mena kāore tēnei i tohua wawetia, ka kitea noa iho i te wā e tukuna ana ngā taonga.
Ko te tuatoru o ngā āwangawanga, kāore i te tino kitea, ko te whakaaro ki te whakatūnga o te Māngai Anake hei mahi kotahi noa iho. Me arotake anō te whakaritenga OR me te whakawhānui i te raina hua, te neke rānei i te tana ki tētahi awhe hou. Ko te whakatūnga i hipoki i tētahi whānau hua e rua tau ki muri, kāore e horapa aunoa ki tētahi whakatakotoranga hou i tāpirihia i te hauwhā whakamutunga.
Opaniraa
Ehara te whakatutukitanga i te REACH i te mea he pouaka kotahi hei tohu i runga i te tuhinga tuku. He hononga tonu i waenga i te tūnga rēhita, ngā tuhinga haumaru, te takai, me te nekehanga tinana o ngā taonga. I te tau 2026 ka whakaūtia kāore te ture tonu e ngaro atu, e tino whakahoutia rānei, engari kei te kaha haere te whakatinanatanga, te whakahaere kōnae me te tere o ngā whakahoutanga e pā ana ki te SVHC me te PFAS. Ehara a REACH i te rēhitatanga kotahi-wā; he herenga ora, he herenga tonu, ā, ko ngā kaihoko Haina e mōhio ana ki tēnei me te hanga i tā rātou tukanga tuku kaipuke huri noa i tēnei, mai i te kohikohinga tuatahi tae noa ki te whakawātea tikanga me te tuku whakamutunga, ko rātou te hunga e pupuri ana i ā rātou ipu kia neke haere i Rotterdam me te kore he whakaroa kore i whakaritea.
FAQs
P: Me rēhita REACH ngā kaipuke matū katoa mai i Haina ki Netherlands?
A: Ko te tikanga, ko ngā matū anake e kawemai ana i tua atu i te kotahi tana ia tau mō ia hinonga ture me rēhita. Tērā pea he herenga anō kei ngā rahinga iti pēnei i te tapanga CLP me ngā whakaritenga pepa raraunga haumaru.
P: Ko wai te kawenga mō te rēhitatanga REACH mēnā kei Haina te kamupene hanga?
A: Kāore e taea e te kaihanga ehara i te EU te rēhita tika ki te ECHA. Ko te kawenga rēhita kei te kaikawemai kua rēhitatia kei te EU, kei tētahi Māngai Anake rānei kua tohua.
P: Kia pēhea te auau o te whakarerekētanga o te Rārangi Kaitono SVHC?
A: E rua ngā wā i te tau ka whakahoutia e te ECHA te rārangi, i te marama o Hune me Hānuere, engari tera pea ētahi atu whakarerekētanga i waho o taua huringa, pērā i te mea i tāpirihia i te marama o Pēpuere 2026.
P: He aha ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana e te tari tāke o Tatimana mō ngā utanga matū?
A: Ko ngā tono e hiahiatia ana ko te Tiwhikete Tātari, he Pepa Raraunga Haumaru o nāianei i roto i te reo e hiahiatia ana, te whakarōpūtanga waehere HS tika, me te tohutoro rēhitatanga REACH, te whakaū rānei mai i tētahi Māngai Anake.
P: Ka taea e te kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe taonga te āwhina i ngā tuhinga e pā ana ki a REACH, kaua ko te tuku kaipuke anake?
A: Ka taea e te kaiwhakarato whai wheako ki ngā utanga matū, pērā i a Topway Shipping, te āwhina i te whakarite i te tono utanga moana, te whare putunga ki tāwāhi, te tirotiro tuhinga me te whakawātea tikanga, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te whakaroa i te tauranga whakauru.
