Te Rerekētanga Tuturu i waenga i te EXW, FOB me te DDP ina Tukuna ana ngā Taonga Nui mai i Haina ki Parani
Kupu Whakataki
Mena kua hokona e koe tētahi huinga tūru, he mīhini oma, he taupoki kīhini arumoni rānei mai i tētahi wheketere Haina, ā, ka ngana koe ki te tuku atu ki tētahi kaihoko i Parī, i Lyon rānei, e mōhio ana koe ko te wā utu e tāia ana ki tō nama proforma ka taea te wehewehe i waenga i te tuku maeneene me te moemoeā a te tari taake. Ehara i te mea he whakarāpopototanga noa iho a EXW, FOB, DDP. He ture hokohoko ture ēnei e whakatau ana ko wai te rangatira o tō utanga, ko wai te utu mō te aha, ā, ko wai te tango i te mōrearea ina pakaru tetahi mea i waenga i te papa wheketere i Shenzhen me te wāhitau whakamutunga i Parani.
I te tau 2024, i kawemai a Parani i ngā hua neke atu i te USD 77 piriona te uara mai i Haina, ko te nuinga o aua hua he taonga nui me ngā taonga taumaha pērā i ngā taonga whare, ngā taputapu whare, ngā taputapu whakapakari tinana me ngā taputapu ahumahi. I te pakeketanga o te hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe, he maha atu ngā rangatira toa motuhake me ngā kaikawemai iti-ki-waenga e tuku ana i ēnei kāwai mō te wā tuatahi, ā, ko ngā pānga o te whiriwhiri i te wā hokohoko hē he nui ake mō ngā utanga nui i ngā hua mōkihi iti. Mā te tatau hē i te utu taunga i runga i te ipu o ngā tūru mirimiri ka taea te whakakore i te moni whiwhi mō te hauwhā katoa.
I roto i tēnei aratohu, ka whakamāramahia e mātou te EXW, te FOB me te DDP i roto i ngā kupu tūturu, i roto i ngā mahi tūturu, mō ngā utanga nui me ngā utanga nunui rawa atu mai i Haina ki Parani. Ka hipokina te utu tūturu mō ia kupu i roto i te mahi, te wāhi e whakawhitihia ai te mōrearea, me pēhea te taunekeneke a ngā tikanga Wīwī me te VAT EU ki ia horopaki me te wā e whai tikanga ai ia kupu i te taha pūtea.
Te Tikanga Tuturu o ēnei Kupu — me te He aha i uaua ai te utanga nui rawa atu
Ko te nuinga o ngā whakamāramatanga a Incoterms e ahu mai ana i tēnei mātāpono whānui. Ko te tikanga o te EXW, kāore te kaiwhakarato e mahi i tetahi mea. Mā te kaihoko e whakarite ngā mea katoa mai i te kuaha o te wheketere. Ko te tohu a te FOB ka tukuna e te kaihoko te utanga ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga taketake, ā, ka whakawhiti i te kawenga ki te kaihoko ina eke ki runga. Ko te tohu a te DDP ka tukuna e te kaiwhakarato ki te tatau o te kaihoko, me te utu i te takoha me ngā taake. He tika aua tirohanga whānui, engari kāore e tae ki te waku mahi o te neke i tētahi tūru mirimiri 400-kirokaramu, i tētahi ota sofa papatahi rānei e whakakī ana i te haurua o tētahi ipu 40-putu te rahi.
He raruraru ngā utanga nui, taumaha hoki i ia wāhi whakawhiti. Mō ngā takai kaweake anake, me tākai he taonga e rau kirokaramu te taumaha ki roto i ngā pouaka rakau kua whakamakukuhia, i ngā papa whakakaha rānei e rite ana ki ngā ture rongoā matū ISPM 15. E hiahiatia ana te kaha papatahi me ngā taputapu uta mō te kawe taraka ā-rohe mai i tētahi wheketere o uta ki tētahi tauranga Haina. Tērā pea me tukatuka motuhake ngā taonga i te tauranga ūnga ki Le Havre, ki Marseille-Fos rānei. Ko te tukunga whakamutunga i Parani he maha ngā wā ka uru ki te tukunga i runga i te wā whakarite me ngā tīma hiki-tīma, ngā tīma takirua rānei. He wāhi whiriwhiringa ia o ēnei e huna ana i muri i tētahi whakaaetanga hokohoko e whakaaetia ana e koe mai i tō kaiwhakarato.
EXW: Mana Morahi, Kawenga Morahi
EXW (Ex Works) – Ina tukuna ngā taonga ki te wāhi kua tohua (te nuinga o te wā ko te wheketere, ko te whare putunga rānei a te kaihoko), ka mutu te kawenga a te kaihoko. Ka utua e te kaihoko ngā utu katoa e whai ake nei: te whakarite i tētahi taraka ā-rohe hei kohi mai i te wheketere, te whakawātea tikanga kaweake Hainamana me te raihana kaweake ina hiahiatia, te whakarite utanga o te ao, te inihua i te utanga, te tikanga kawemai Wīwī, te utu i ngā takoha me te VAT me te whakarite i te tuku whakamutunga. He tino uaua tēnei mō ngā kaihoko kāore anō kia whai hononga tuku utanga kua whakapumautia ki Haina. Me whai kamupene raihana Haina hoki te kaihoko hei kaweake kua tuhia kia taea ai te kaweake ture i te hua mai i Haina. Ko te tikanga o tēnei me whai kaihoko ā-rohe te kaihoko, me mahi rānei ki tētahi kaituku utanga kei a ia taua pūkenga.
Tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he uaua te mahi a te uta nui rawa, arā, ko te pikinga EXW. Tērā pea he iti noa ngā tauranga uta i roto i tētahi wheketere i waho o Guangzhou i roto i tētahi papa ahumahi. Me whakarite e te kaihoko, e tana kaihoko rānei te hototahitanga o ngā taputapu, ngā tikanga uta, me te mea ka āwhina te tipu, ka tū noa rānei. Kāore ngā mea katoa i roto i te utu.
FOB: Te Taunoa o te Ahumahi — me ōna Āputa Huna
Ko te FOB (Free On Board) te kupu hokohoko e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā kaweake o Haina, ā, he tika hoki. Mā te kaihoko Hainamana e whakarite te kawe ā-rohe ki te tauranga, te whakakore i ngā tikanga kaweake me te uta ki runga i te kaipuke. Ko te whakawhiti i te mōrearea me te whakapaunga ki te kaihoko ina kei runga te utanga i te kaipuke. He tika tēnei wehenga mahi nā te mea e mārama ana te kaihoko ki te āhua o ngā mahi kawe i te rohe, ā, ka taea e ia te whakahaere i ngā tikanga taha Haina me te whai hua, ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te tuhi me te whakakore i ngā utanga o te ao i te ūnga.
Engari he ngoikoretanga tūturu kei te FOB mō te ara Haina-Wīwī mō ngā taonga nui. He mea tino nui te whiriwhiri tauranga. Tērā pea ka whakaitihia e te kaiwhakarato e whakahua ana i te FOB Jiangmen te uauatanga nā te mea he tauranga whāngai a Jiangmen, ā, me whakawhiti te utanga mā tētahi pokapū nui pērā i a Shenzhen mō te utaina o te ao. Ka tāpirihia he utu me te wā ki te whakawhiti, ā, ki te kore te tauranga kua tohua hei pokapū kaweake matua, he mea noa ngā tautohetohe mō te tangata e pāngia ana e aua whakapaunga. Me tohe tonu ngā kaihoko ki te FOB i ngā tauranga nui pērā i a Shanghai, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Guangzhou rānei, ā, me whakaū i tēnei mā te tuhituhi i mua i te whakaae ki te proforma.
Kātahi ka pātaihia te mea ka puta i muri i te mutunga o te FOB. Me whiriwhiri e te kaihoko he kaikawe utanga mō te utanga moana, te utanga rererangi rānei, me whakawātea i te uta mā te tikanga Wīwī, me utu ngā takoha kawemai me te VAT, me te whakarite i te tuku whakamutunga. Mena koinei tō wā tuatahi ki te kawemai i ngā taonga nunui, he whanaungatanga kaihoko hou tēnei me whakahaere e koe, me tana ake nama me te tūponotanga o ngā ohorere.
DDP: He Whakamāmā Katoa, Engari he Uaua te Whakatutukitanga
Kei te taha kē atu ko te DDP (Delivered Duty Paid). Mā rātou e whakahaere te tukanga katoa mai i te kaihanga i Haina ki te wāhitau i tukuna e koe ki Parani, tae atu ki te whakaaetanga kaweake, te uta o te ao, te taake kawemai i Parani, te utu o ngā taake, te VAT me te tuku whakamutunga. Mō te kaihokohoko hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe e tuku ana ki Parani, he mea ātaahua te mahi a te DDP: kotahi te utu, kotahi te wāhi whakapā, kāore he ohorere i te pito whiwhi taake.
Heoi, ehara i te mea māmā te taha o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te DDP ki roto i te EU. Mai i te tau 2021, kua whakahaua e te EU te VAT mō ngā kawemai arumoni katoa ahakoa te uara, ā, mai i te tau 2024 ki te tau 2025, kua whakauruhia e te whakaritenga tuku haumarutanga ICS2 a te EU ngā whakaritenga pūrongo raraunga i mua i te taenga mai mō ngā tuku katoa. Kia pai ai te mahi a te DDP, me whai nama EORI te kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe taonga kua rēhitatia ki Parani, ki tētahi atu wāhi rānei o te EU, me kaha ki te mahi hei kaikawemai rekoata me te whakahaere i te DAF (Delta system advance declarations) me ngā tuku ICS2. Mā te whakatūnga DDP me tētahi kaiwhakarato kāore i te whai pūkenga nei ka hua ake he pupuri tikanga, he whiu, he tuku whakahoki rānei – he hua utu nui katoa, inā koa mō ngā utanga nui ka tere te puranga o ngā utu rokiroki o ia rā i ngā tauranga, i ngā whare putunga rānei o Parani.
Te Utu Tūturu mō te Whenua: He Whakataurite Taha-ki-Taha
Hei mōhio mēnā he nui ake te utu mō te wā, me whakaaro koe ki te tapeke o te utu whenua – te utu whānui mō te neke i tētahi waeine taonga mai i tētahi whare Hainamana ki tētahi wāhi e taea ai te whakamahi i Parani. Kei te ripanga i raro nei te wehewehenga utu mō tētahi uta utanga nui rawa atu mō ia wā: kotahi ipu 20 putu te roa o ngā taonga papatahi e $15,000 te uara, ka tukuna mai i Shenzhen ki Le Havre, me te tuku whakamutunga ki Parī.
| Wae Utu | NGĀ | FOB | DDP |
| Te pikiapu wheketere Haina me te taraka uta | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko |
| Kaweake ritenga tuku (Haina) | Ka whakarite te kaihoko | Kaihoko kakau | Kaihoko kakau |
| Raihana kaweake / tuhinga | Ka whakarite te kaihoko | Kaihoko kakau | Kaihoko kakau |
| Ngā whakaritenga mō te takai rakau a te ISPM 15 | Ka whakarite te kaihoko | Kaihoko kakau | Kaihoko kakau |
| Utauta moana (Shenzhen → Le Havre) | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko |
| Inihua utanga | Ka whakarite te kaihoko | Ka whakarite te kaihoko | Ka whakarite te kaihoko |
| Te tukunga haumarutanga i mua i te taenga mai o te EU ICS2 | Ka whakarite te kaihoko | Ka whakarite te kaihoko | Kaihoko kakau |
| Whakaaetanga tikanga kawemai a French | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Kaihoko kakau |
| Ngā takoha kawemai (e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hua, 0–12%) | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko |
| Taake Taake Wīwī (20% i runga i te CIF + takoha) | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua/ka kohia e te kaihoko |
| Ngā utu whakahaere i te tauranga (THC) | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko |
| Tukunga ki uta Le Havre → Parī | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko | Ka utua e te kaihoko |
| Ratonga whakarite/ratonga hiki i te maero whakamutunga | Ka whakarite te kaihoko | Ka whakarite te kaihoko | Kaihoko kakau |
| Te waahi whakawhiti morearea | kuwaha wheketere | Utaina ki runga i te kaipuke | Wāhitau o te kaihoko |
Mai i tēnei tohatoha, ka hoatu e EXW ki te kiritaki te mana whakahaere nui mō ngā utu katoa me ngā whiringa kaikawe, engari me whakahaere kaha puta noa i te ono o ngā whanaungatanga kaihoko ahurei me ngā tukanga tikanga e rua. Mō ngā kawemai tauhou me ngā hoapaki tuku utanga o Haina, ka taea te utu iti i te EXW. Ko ngā whakapaunga huna o te whakarite i ngā mahi kawe kaweake Hainamana he nui atu i te taurite i tetahi painga utu iti i roto i te korero a te kaiwhakarato mō te nuinga o ngā kamupene hokohoko ipurangi e tuku ana i ngā taonga nui i ia wā.
He huarahi pai te FOB hei waenga. Mā te kaiwhakarato e tiaki te wāhanga e mōhiotia ana e rātou – arā, ko te whakahaere i ngā mahi kawe me te tuku i ngā taonga ki Haina. Mā te kaihoko e whakahaere te utu utanga o te ao me te tuku i te taonga ki te wāhi e haere atu ana. He pai te FOB mō ngā kaihoko e tuku kaipuke ana ki Parani i ngā wā katoa, ā, he kaihoko tikanga Wīwī tā rātou, me te kaikawe utanga pono hei whakamahi mā rātou i roto i ngā whiriwhiringa utu me te reiti. He rerekē te utu o te tuku kaipuke mā te moana mai i Haina ki Le Havre. He maha ngā wā ka whiwhi utu pai ake ngā kaihoko nui e tono utanga tika ana mai i tētahi kaikawe, mā tētahi kaikawe utanga rānei i ngā kaiwhakarato e whakarite ana i ngā utanga mō ngā kiritaki iti.
Ki te kaihoko, ko te DDP te kupu māmā rawa atu, ā, kei te noho hei kupu pai mō ngā tuku hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe, ina tumanako te kaihoko whakamutunga ki te utu katoa. Ko te mea nui ko te kounga o te whakatinanatanga: ko te whakatau utu DDP mai i tētahi kaihoko kāore i te rēhita tika mō ngā tikanga tuku whenua o te EU, kāore hoki i te whai mana ki te tuku VAT i Parani, ā, kāore hoki i te whai mana tuku ICS2 ki te ICS2, ehara i te DDP tūturu – he huarahi tēnei mō ngā pupuri tikanga tuku whenua me ngā nama nama ohorere.
Te Whakatere i ngā Tikanga Wīwī me te VAT: Ngā Mea Tuturu e Tū Ana i Le Havre
Ko Le Havre, te tauranga nui rawa atu o te whenua, te nuinga o ngā ipu kawemai a Parani e tukatukahia ana, ā, ko te toenga e whakahaerehia ana e Marseille-Fos i te tonga. Mena kei te whakatau koe i waenga i te FOB me te DDP, me whakaaro koe ki ngā mea ka puta ina whiwhi koe i tētahi uta utanga nui rawa atu i roto i tētahi o ngā tauranga. Kua tino uaua haere te tukanga tikanga i Parani i ngā tau tata nei.
I Parani, ka whakatakotoria ngā tāke kawemai i te taumata EU mā te whakamahi i te Tari Tikanga Kotahi o te EU, ā, ka tatauhia i runga i te uara CIF o te uta (arā, ko te utu whakakotahi o ngā hua, te inihua me te uta o te ao ki te tauranga tuatahi o te EU e tomo ai). Ko ngā reiti tāke mō ngā kāwai tino noa e tukuna ana hei utanga nui mai i Haina kei waenganui i te 0 ōrau mō ētahi taputapu ahumahi ki te 6 ōrau mō ngā sofa me ngā taonga whakapaipai ki te 12 ōrau mō ētahi kakahu. Ka whakatauhia te reiti tuturu e te waehere HS i tukuna mō te hua.
I Parani, ka tāpaetia te GST i te reiti auau o te 20 ōrau, ā, i runga i te uara CIF me te takoha kawemai, ehara i te uara o ngā hua anake i pūrongohia. He mea nui tēnei pānga whakakotahi i roto i te take o ngā utanga nui ina nui te utu utanga e pā ana ki te uara o ngā taonga. Ko te uta o ngā mīhini oma me te uara FOB o te USD 20,000 ka taea te whai USD 3,500 i roto i te utanga moana me te USD 500 i roto i te inihua, ka hua ake he uara CIF o te USD 24,000. Mēnā he reiti takoha o te 3.7 ōrau, ko te utu o ngā takoha he USD 888, ā, mēnā he turanga GST o te USD 24,888, ka hua ake tēnei ki te USD 4,978 i roto i te GST anake. Ko te kawenga takoha katoa he nui atu i te ōrau noa o te uara o ngā taonga i roto i tēnei uta: tata ki te USD 5,800.
E hiahiatia ana e te Pūnaha Whakahaere Kawemai 2 (ICS2) a te EU ngā raraunga haumaru me te haumarutanga hiko whakarei ake mō ngā utanga katoa e tomo ana ki te EU mai i te tau 2024. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, mō ngā utanga rererangi me utaina i mua ngā raraunga, ā, mō waka moana Ka whakamahia ngā whakaritenga i te taumata kaipuke, ā, me whai whakaahuatanga tika mō ngā taonga, ngā waehere HS me ngā raraunga a te kaituku/kaiwhiwhi i roto i te puka hiko i mua i te taenga mai. Mēnā he hapa, he kore rānei e ranea ngā raraunga, ka taea te aukati i ngā tikanga tuku taonga ki te tauranga. He āwangawanga nui tēnei mō ngā taonga nunui nā te mea ka utua ngā utu rokiroki tauranga i ia rā mō ia ipu. Mēnā he kaituku taonga koe e whakamahi ana i te FOB, ā, ka mahi koe i tāu ake whakawātea tikanga tuku taonga, me whakarite kei te rite tō kaihoko tikanga tuku taonga Wīwī mō te ICS2. Mēnā he kaituku taonga koe e whakamahi ana i te DDP, me tirotiro e koe tēnei ki tō kaiwhakarato ratonga tuku taonga.
| Momo Uta | Wāhanga HS Noa | Reiti Taake EU | Tauira: FOB USD 20,000 + USD 4,000 Utu | Taake Katoa (Ngā Tūemi + 20% GST) |
| Sofa whakapaipai | 9401 | 5.7 orau | CIF USD 24,000 → Taake USD 1,368 | ~USD 5,074 |
| Taputapu whakapakari tinana/miraka. | 9506 | 2.7 orau | CIF USD 24,000 → Taake USD 648 | ~USD 4,930 |
| Te horoi horoi | 8450 | 2.0 orau | CIF USD 24,000 → Taake USD 480 | ~USD 4,896 |
| He nohoanga | 9402 | 2.7 orau | CIF USD 24,000 → Taake USD 648 | ~USD 4,930 |
| Potae hiko | 8711 | 6.0 orau | CIF USD 24,000 → Taake USD 1,440 | ~USD 5,088 |
| Taupoki/taputapu kīhini | 8414 | 1.7 orau | CIF USD 24,000 → Taake USD 408 | ~USD 4,882 |
E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga i runga ake nei he aha te take he pānga pūtea tika te whiriwhiringa o te wā hokohoko ki tua atu i te nama utu. I raro i te FOB, ka utua ēnei moni e te kaihoko ki te tari tāke Wīwī, mā te kaihoko tāke rānei e utu ki a ia i muri mai. I roto i te DDP, ka whakauruhia aua utu ki roto i te nama katoa e te kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe, ā, ka utua e te kaihoko he utu kotahi e uru ana ki te katoa. Ko te mōrearea ki te DDP, tera pea ka whiwhi te kaihoko i tētahi aromatawai anō mai i te tari tāke Wīwī i muri mai mēnā kua hē te whakatau a te kaiwhakarato i te reiti tāke, kua whakamahia rānei te waehere HS hē – koia te take kāore e taea te mahi tahi me tētahi hoa ratonga kawe me te tohungatanga tari tāke hohonu o te EU.
Ko tēhea Kupu hei Kōwhiri — ā, āhea
Ko te whakautu tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pakeketanga o te kaihoko ki ngā mahi whakarite taonga, te auau o tā rātou tuku taonga, te momo o ngā taonga me te pono o te hoa whakarite taonga i ia taha o te tauwhitinga.
He pai te EXW mō ngā kaihoko kua whai kamupene tuku utanga pono kei Haina e taea ai te whakahaere i ngā tikanga kaweake, te tuku i te nui o te uta hei whiriwhiri tika i ngā utu utanga moana, ā, he kaihokohoko tikanga kua whakapumautia i Parani e whai ana i ngā ture ICS2. He mea tika hoki ina hiahia te kiritaki ki te whakakotahi i ngā utanga mai i ētahi kaiwhakarato Hainamana ki roto i te kotahi tuku, nā te mea mā te whakahaere i te kohi mai i te tipu o ia kaiwhakarato ka taea te whakahaere i te ngāwari mō te whakakotahi i ngā mahi whakahaere.
Mō te nuinga o ngā kaikawemai nui o ngā taonga nui o Haina e tuku ana i ia wā, ko te FOB te tikanga matua e tino whai kiko ana. Ka tangohia te uauatanga o ngā utanga o te ao (te utu taurangi nui rawa atu i roto i te whārite) mai i ngā ringaringa o te kaihoko, ā, ka taea e te kaiwhakarato te tiaki i te uauatanga o te taha Haina e pai ake ana rātou ki te whakahaere. I raro i te FOB, ko te kaupapa matua ko te tautuhi i tētahi tauranga nui me te whakaū i roto i te tuhituhi, te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaihokohoko tikanga Wīwī e mōhio ana ki ngā paearu ICS2, me te whakauru i ngā takoha katoa me te nama VAT ki roto i te tahua utu whenua mai i te rā tuatahi.
Ko te DDP te otinga mārama mō ngā kaihokohoko hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe e hiahia ana ō rātou kiritaki whakamutunga kia kite i te utu katoa i te utunga, ā, kāore hoki i a rātou he hanganga whakahaere ā-roto hei whakahaere i te whakakorenga tikanga. He kōwhiringa tika hoki tēnei mō ngā kawemai tuatahi o ngā taonga nui e hiahia ana ki te mārama ki te pakihi i mua i te whakatū i ā rātou ake hononga kaihoko. Ko te paearu matua ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaiwhakarato DDP me te rēhitatanga tikanga EU e taea te manatoko, te māngai VAT putea Wīwī, me te pūkenga kua whakamātauhia ki te tuku utanga nui, tae atu ki te tuku i te wā whakamutunga me ngā taputapu tika.
| Profile Kaiwhakautu | Wā Manakohia | Take Matua |
| Kaihoko hokohoko īpurangi, te tuku tuatahi ki Parani | DDP | Ngāwari noa iho; kāore he hanganga tikanga e hiahiatia ana |
| He kaihoko kawemai B2B auau, he kaihokohoko tikanga kua whakatūria | FOB | Te whakahaere i ngā utu utanga; te māramatanga o ngā utu |
| Kaihoko whakakotahi maha-kaituku | NGĀ | Ngāwari rawa mō te whakakotahitanga taha-Haina |
| Kaihoko tūāpapa me ngā SKU nui, e taea te matapae | FOB, DDP ranei | Kei te kaihoko te mana whakahaere o te rēhitatanga VAT EU |
| Tukunga kaupapa kotahi-wā (mīhini, taputapu) | DDP | Ka karohia te hiahia ki te whakarite i te kaikawemai kua rēhitatia mō te tuku kotahi |
Me pēhea te tautoko a Topway Shipping i ngā utanga nui rawa atu ki Parani
I whakatūria i te tau 2010, ko Topway Shipping he kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe waka whakawhiti-rohe ngaio, he tohunga ki ngā utanga rahi me ngā utanga taumaha, kei Shenzhen Haina. Neke atu i te 15 tau te wheako o te tīma whakatū o te kamupene ki ngā kawe waka o te ao me te whakawātea tikanga, me te mōhiotanga kaha ki ngā wāhanga e hanga ana i te umanga utanga nui, tae atu ki ngā taonga whare, ngā taputapu whakapakari tinana, ngā taputapu whare, ngā taputapu arumoni me te maha atu.
Kei te whakahaerehia a Topway Shipping i raro i ngā tikanga hokohoko e toru kua kōrerohia i konei. Ka tukuna e Topway ki ngā kiritaki FOB te kohi tuatahi mai i ngā wheketere Haina, te whakakotahi i ngā uta ki uta i tōna wāhi i Shenzhen, te whakakore i ngā tikanga kaweake me te tuhi i ngā utanga moana i runga i ngā ara Haina-Ūropi kua whakamātauhia. Ka tukuna e te kamupene mā te utanga moana, e 45 ki te 50 ngā rā ki ngā tauranga i Ūropi, ā, mā ripa tere mā te whatunga tereina Haina-Ūropi, e 30 ki te 45 ngā rā e roa ana, ā, he utu kei waenga i te utanga moana me te utanga rangi.
E tuku ana a Topway i tana ratonga DDP whānui ki ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihoko e mahi ana i runga i ngā tikanga DDP i roto i ngā whenua 25 o te EU tae atu ki a Wīwī, Tiamana, Itari, Pāniora, Hōrana me Perehiuma. Ka whakaratohia e te ratonga te whakawātea kaweake Hainamana, te uta o te ao, te whakawātea tikanga kawemai a te EU me te rēhitatanga EORI, te utu takoha me te VAT me te tuku whakamutunga tae atu ki te tuku i runga i te wā whakarite me te kaha hiki-kēti mō ngā taonga nui me ngā taonga nunui rawa. E ai ki ngā raraunga mahi tuku DDP a te kamupene, 91 ōrau o ngā tuku DDP mā te moana ka hainatia, ka riro mai i te kiritaki whakamutunga i roto i te 45 ki te 55 rā i muri i te wehenga atu i Haina.
Ko te hanganga utanga nui a Topway e aro ana ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te kāwai. Ka taea e te whare putunga o te kamupene i Shenzhen te whakahaere i ngā hua takitahi e 8 tana te taumaha me te 8 mita te whānui i te taha kotahi, e kapi ana i te whānuitanga katoa o ngā kāwai utanga rahi mai i ngā taonga o te whare ki ngā taputapu arumoni me ngā taputapu ahumahi māmā. Ka tautokohia e ā mātou whare putunga o Ūropi te tuku tuarua, te whakahoki, te tāpiri tapanga anō, me te whakatutuki i ngā mahi pakihi-ki-te-kaihoko.
Ka tukuna e Topway Shipping te tuku whakamutunga ki ngā kaihoko hokohoko ipurangi puta noa i te rohe me ngā rerenga ota B2B me B2C mā tana whatunga hoa Pākehā me te aroturuki i ngā mōkihi mai i te kohikohinga wheketere ki te waitohu whakamutunga. Mā te pūnaha whakahaere ratonga a te kamupene ka taea te kitea i ia wāhanga, ka whakaitihia ngā āputa mōhiohio e puta ai ngā tautohe me ngā kereme i roto i ngā uta utanga nui.
Ko te huarahi utu a Topway e whakaata ana i ngā āhuatanga o te mākete utanga nui rawa atu. Ahakoa he kaha te whakamahi a ngā kaikawe putea noa i ngā tataunga taumaha ā-rahi, ko ngā utu Topway e ahu mai ana i te rahi me te taumaha tuturu o ngā utanga, kia mārama ai, kia matapaetia ai hoki ngā utu a ngā kiritaki i mua i te whakaritenga o te tuku. He pānga tēnei ki ngā kaihoko e whakatau ana i ngā hua mō te mākete Wīwī. Ko te tataunga utu taunga tika i roto i te torutoru ōrau te pūtake o tētahi rautaki utu whai hua.
E rima ngā hapa utu nui hei karo ahakoa te kupu e whiriwhiria e koe
He rite tonu ngā hapa i roto i ngā uta utanga nui i te ara Haina-Wīwī, ā, he nui te utu e tika ana kia aro nui atu ki ēnei hapa, ahakoa ka utaina e koe he EXW, he FOB, he DDP rānei.
Ko te tuatahi, ina whakaaetia e koe te utu a te kaiwhakarato me te kore e whakaū i te wāhi kua whakaingoatia. Kāore he tikanga o te kī ko te FOB Haina anake mēnā kāore i te whakaingoatia te tauranga – ā, he tauranga nui. Whakaūtia te FOB Shenzhen, FOB Shanghai, FOB Ningbo rānei, ā, tirohia mēnā ka taea e te kaiwhakarato te tuku ki te whare i te tauranga uta.
Ko te tuarua ko te whakaiti i te hiranga o te takai i roto i te utu taunga katoa. Mō ngā utanga nui, ko te utu mō te pouaka rakau kua whakamakukuhia, ngā papa rakau ISPM 15-compliant rānei, ka tāpiri pea i te USD 50 ki te USD 200 mō ia waeine, ā, ki te kore tēnei e mahia, ka puta he raruraru i te wā tirotiro phytosanitary a te EU. Me mārama te kī o tēnei utu i roto i te whakatau tata a te kaiwhakarato, ā, me whakamana i roto i ngā whakaritenga takai.
Ko te tuatoru ko te kore rēhita mō tētahi nama EORI i mua i te tukunga tuatahi. Mena kei te kawemai koe ki Parani i runga i ngā tikanga FOB, me whai nama Rēhita me te Tau Tuakiri Kaiwhakahaere Ōhanga koe, tō kaihoko rānei i tētahi nama hei whakawātea i ngā taonga mā roto i ngā tikanga a te EU. Ka roa te wā e tono ai, ā, me tīmata i mua i te taenga mai o te tukunga tuatahi.
Ko te tuawhā ko te kore tirotiro i ngā waehere HS i mua i te tukunga. Ka tautuhia e te waehere HS te reiti taripa, ā, i ētahi wāhanga ka whakamahia ngā tikanga ārai-para. I Haina, ka whakamahia e ngā kaihokohoko ngā waehere whakarōpūtanga e whakaiti ana i tā rātou nama taake kaweake, e kore pea e ōrite ki te whakarōpūtanga kawemai tika i Parani. Mena ka kitea he rerekētanga, ka taea e te tari taake Wīwī te whakatakoto aromatawai anō, ngā whiu me ngā pupuri utanga.
Ko te tuarima, ā, he mea tino nui mō ngā tuku DDP, ko te wā e whiriwhiria ai he kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe i runga i te utu anake, me te kore e whakaū mēnā kua rēhitatia tēnei kaiwhakarato ki ngā tikanga a te EU, ā, mēnā kei a ia te kaha whakahaere whakamutunga mō ngā taonga nunui. Mēnā ka whiwhi koe i tētahi whakatau utu DDP iti mai i tētahi puna kāore he māngai VAT pūtea Wīwī, kāore hoki he huarahi hei tuku i tētahi taonga 250kg ki tētahi wāhi noho, ehara tēnā i te utu pai – he nama tēnā.
Opaniraa
He rerekē rawa ngā utu me ngā mōrearea o EXW, FOB me DDP, ā, ka nui haere ngā hua o tēnei rerekētanga ina nui rawa te utanga. He mea whakarihariha te uta 30kg e mau ana ki te tari taake. Kei te kōrero tātou mō te uta o ngā tūru mirimiri, e rua ngā papa i tū ki Le Havre nā ngā raruraru raraunga ICS2, nā te hē rānei o te whakarōpūtanga waehere HS. He tino pāngia pūtea tēnā.
Mō te nuinga o ngā kaihoko hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe me ngā kaikawemai B2B e tomo ana ki te mākete o Parani me ngā taonga nunui rawa atu mai i Haina, ko te taunakitanga mahi ko te tīmata ki te DDP kia mārama rā anō te ara – ngā takoha, ngā wā whakawhiti noa, ngā āhuatanga whakamutunga i ngā tāone me ngā tāone iti o Parani – kātahi ka aromatawai mēnā he painga utu nui te FOB me te kaituku utanga pono me te kaihokohoko tikanga i runga i te tauine. Ko te EXW mō ngā kaihoko kua oti kē te hanga i te hanganga whakahaere i ngā taha e rua, ā, e hiahia ana kia nui te mana whakahaere.
Ahakoa te ingoa, ko te kounga o tō hoa mahi kawe taonga te mea nui ake i te ingoa. Ko te mea tino nui hei whakatau mēnā ka tae mai ō uta mai i Haina ki Parani i te wā tika, i runga i te tahua, ā, kāore he ohorere a te tari tāke, ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi kaiwhakarato he tino pūkenga ki ngā utanga nui, he kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te tari tāke o te EU, ā, he tino kitea ki te maero whakamutunga.
FAQs
Q: He nui ake te utu o te DDP i te FOB mō te tuku taonga nui mai i Haina ki Parani?
A: Ehara i te mea i ngā wā katoa. Ka hurihia e te DDP ngā whakapaunga katoa tae atu ki ngā taake, te VAT, te utanga me te tuku whakamutunga ki roto i te utu kotahi, ā, i ētahi wā ka taea te whakataetae ki te tapeke o ngā utu me whakahaere e te kaihoko mēnā ka mahi motuhake rātou ki aua taonga (FOB). Ko te nuinga o te whakatairite e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o tō utanga, tō kaha whiriwhiri me ngā kaikawe me te whai huatanga o tō kaihokohoko ritenga motuhake. Ko te DDP he utu whai hua rite tonu, he iti iho rānei ina whakaurua te utu whakahaere mō ngā kaituku iti-rahi, ngā kaituku tuatahi rānei.
P: Ka taea e au te whakahoki mai i te VAT Wīwī i utua mō ngā kawemai mēnā he pakihi ahau?
Āe, i te nuinga o te wā, mēnā he rēhitatanga GST tāu i Parani, he whakaaetanga māngai pūtea rānei nō Parani, ka taea e koe te whakahoki mai i te 20% GST kawemai i utua e koe i te tari tāke mā te whakamahi i te tukanga whakahoki GST noa. Koinei tētahi o ngā take e whiriwhiri ai ngā kaikawemai auau ki te whakamahi i ngā whakaritenga FOB, DDP rānei, ina kitea mārama te GST i runga i te whakaurunga tari tāke, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakahoki mai. Ka taea e tō tohunga tāke Wīwī, e tō kaihoko tari tāke rānei te tirotiro i ngā tikanga tika.
Q: He aha te wā whakawhiti noa mō ngā utanga nunui rawa atu mai i Shenzhen ki Parī i raro i ia momo kawe?
A: Ko te tikanga, ko te roanga o te rere o ngā uta moana mai i Shenzhen ki Le Havre e 30 ki te 35 ngā rā. Mō te whakahaere tauranga me te tukatuka tikanga, ko te roanga katoa o te rere mai i te tatau ki te tatau e 45 ki te 55 ngā rā i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa. Ko te roanga o te rere o ngā uta tereina Haina-Ūropi e 30-45 ngā rā. Ka whakamahia te uta rererangi i runga i te kaupapa takitahi mō ngā taonga nui. Ko te tikanga, ka rāhuitia te uta rererangi mō ngā taonga wā-nui, ngā taonga utu nui rānei. Ko te roanga o te whakawhiti he 12 ki te 15 ngā rā. Kua eke a Topway Shipping ki te 91 ōrau o te tere tuku o ngā uta moana i roto i te wā 45 ki te 55 ngā rā mō ngā uta DDP.
P: He aha ngā utanga nui rawa atu mō ngā kaupapa tuku mai i Haina ki Parani?
A: He rerekē te whakamāramatanga i runga i te kaikawe me te kaiwhakarato ratonga kawe, engari ko te paerewa ahumahi noa ko te utanga e neke atu ana i te 150 kg te taumaha, 4 mita te roa rawa, me te hiahia rānei ki ngā taputapu whakahaere motuhake. E tautuhia ana e Topway Shipping tana wāhanga taumaha nui rawa atu ko ngā taonga he iti iho i te 8 tana te taumaha kotahi te waeine me te taha kotahi te rahi i raro iho i te 8 mita, e kapi ana i te nuinga o ngā wāhanga tāonga, taputapu, taputapu whakapakari tinana, me ngā mīhini arumoni.
P: Ka pāngia ngā taonga nunui rawa atu mai i Haina e tomo ana ki Parani e ngā takoha ārai-tuku?
A: Tērā pea ka whakatakotoria ngā tikanga ārai-tuku taonga ki runga i ngā kāwai hua motuhake, ā, ka whakatauhia i te taumata o te EU. Kua whakatakotoria kētia e te EU ngā utu ārai-tuku taonga ki runga i ngā pahikara hiko nō Haina me ētahi taonga rino. Mō ngā utanga nui rawa atu i roto i ngā kāwai taonga, taputapu me ngā taputapu whakapakari tinana, ka whakamahia whānuitia ngā reiti tari taake noa o te EU, kāore he utu ārai-tuku taonga tāpiri, heoi, me whakamana tēnei ki te waehere HS tika mō ia taonga i mua i te tukunga. Me tirotiro tēnei e tō kaihoko tari taake hei wāhanga o te tatau utu i mua i te tukunga.
