He aha te tikanga o te kupu CPT i roto i te tuku kaipuke?
Kupu Whakataki
Mena kei te mahi koe i roto i te hokohoko o te ao, kua tūtaki pea koe ki ngā waehere reta-toru rerekē pērā i te FOB, CIF, DAP, me te CPT i runga i ngā whakatau utu, ngā nama nama, me ngā kirimana. He māmā noa iho te āhua, engari ka pā ki ia waehere ko wai e utu ana mō te aha, ko wai e tango ana i ngā mōrearea, me wai e whai kawenga ana ina he tetahi mea i te ara mai i te wheketere ki te ūnga whakamutunga.
He waehere tino whānui te CPT, engari he maha ngā wā ka hē te whakamārama. He maha ngā kaituku e whakaaro ana ko te tikanga anake "ka utua e te kaihoko te utunga" ā, ka waiho noa iho. He tikanga ture motuhake tō te CPT i raro i ngā paerewa Incoterms®, ā, ki te kore koe e mārama, ka taea e koe te tautohetohe, te utu i ngā utu tāpiri, te whakaroa rānei i ngā tukunga.
E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i te tikanga o te CPT i roto i te tuku kaipuke, me pēhea tana mahi i te ao tūturu, me te mea he whakaaro pai mō tō pakihi. Ka whakatauritea hoki e mātou te CPT ki ētahi atu Incoterms rongonui, ka kōrerohia te rerekētanga i waenga i te utu me te mōrearea, ā, ka whakaaturia ki a koe me pēhea te āwhina a tētahi kamupene kawe taonga ngaio pērā i a Topway Shipping i a koe kia noho haumaru ake mō te whakahaere i ngā tuku CPT.
He aha te CPT i roto i te Tukunga?
Ka whakaputa te Whare Tauhokohoko o te Ao (ICC) i ngā Incoterms® (International Commercial Terms) whaimana. Ko te tikanga o CPT ko "Carriage Paid To". E whakamārama ana ēnei kupu noa i te whakawhitiwhiti a te kaihoko me te kaihoko i ngā utu, ngā mōrearea, me ngā kawenga i roto i te hokohoko o te ao.
I raro i te CPT:
- Ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te whakarite me te utu i te tuku (te kawe) ki tētahi wāhi kua whakaritea.
- Ina tukuna ngā hua e te kaihoko ki te kaikawe tuatahi, ka riro i te kaihoko te mōrearea o te ngaronga, o te kino rānei. Ehara i te mea ka tae atu ngā taonga ki te wāhi kua tohua.
He tokomaha te hunga e pōhēhē ana i tēnei wehewehenga. He mea tika te whakaaro, "Ki te utua e te kaihoko te utu uta ki te ūnga, me pikau anō hoki e rātou te mōrearea tae noa ki te ūnga." Engari e wehewehe ana te CPT i te utu me te mōrearea: ka utua e te kaihoko ngā utu kawe ki te wāhi kua tohua, engari ka neke wawe te mōrearea.
CPT hei Wāhanga "Kawe Matua-Utu"
Ko te CPT tētahi o ngā Incoterms e kī ana ko te kaihoko te rangatira mō te kawe matua, arā, ko te wāhanga o te ao. Nā tēnā ka ātaahua ki ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana kia tiakina e te kaihoko ngā whakaritenga uaua o tāwāhi, inā koa mēnā he nui ake ngā utu kaipuke a te kaihoko, he pai rānei ngā hononga ki ngā kaikawe.
Engari i te mea ka neke wawe te mōrearea, me whakarite tonu te kaihoko kei a rātou he inihua, he tiakitanga rānei mai i te wā ka tukuna ngā hua ki te kaikawe tuatahi.
Te Mahi a te CPT, Hipanga i te Hipanga
Mā te tuku i tētahi kaipuke noa ka āwhina pea i a koe ki te mārama ki te CPT. Me kī, ka hokona e tētahi kaihoko Hainamana ngā taonga ki tētahi kaihoko o Amerika i raro i te CPT o Los Angeles, USA.
- I Haina, ka tākai, ka tāpirihia ngā tapanga e te kaihoko, ka hanga tuhinga kaweake, ā, ka tiaki hoki i ngā whakaritenga tikanga tāke mō ngā kaweake.
- Mā te kaihoko e whakarite te kawe mai i te tipu ki te kaikawe tuatahi, he wāhi ipu rānei, he taunga rānei.
- Ka riro i te kaihoko te mōrearea ina tukuna ngā taonga ki te kaikawe tuatahi, ahakoa kei te utu tonu te kaihoko mō te tuku.
- Ka utua e te kaihoko te utu matua mō te kawe (hei tauira, te utanga moana ki te Tauranga o Los Angeles).
- Tērā pea ka utua e te kaihoko ētahi o ngā utu mō te kawe ki te "wāhi kua whakaingoatia" kua whakaaetia, arā, ko te tauranga, ko te taunga rererangi, ko tētahi atu wāhi rānei i te whenua e haerea ana.
- Ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te whakaoti i ngā mahi a te tari taake, te utu i ngā takoha me ngā taake, me ētahi atu tuku e tika ana kia mahia ina tae mai ngā taonga ki te wāhi kua tohua (ki te kore e rerekē te whakaae a te kaihoko me te kaihoko).
- Ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō tetahi mate, tetahi kino rānei e pā ana i muri i te tango a te kaikawe tuatahi i te kawenga, ahakoa kei te whakarite tonu te kaihoko i te tuku.
E whakaatu ana tēnei raupapa i tētahi āhuatanga nui o te CPT: mā te kaihoko e whakamahere, e utu hoki te haerenga, engari mā te kaihoko e tango te mōrearea o te haerenga i mua atu i te whakaaro o te nuinga o te tangata.
Te Utu me te Mōrearea i raro i te CPT
Ko tētahi o ngā mea tino nui hei mōhio māu mō te CPT ko te kore e neke te utu me te mōrearea i te wā kotahi. Kāore rāua e noho tahi ana.
Te Kawenga Utu i raro i te CPT
Ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō ngā mea e whai ake nei i raro i te CPT:
- Te tākai me te tapanga mō te kaweake
- Te kawe i roto i te whenua o te kaihoko ki te kaikawe tuatahi
- Te whakaea i nga taake mo nga kaweake
- Te momo kawe matua (moana, rangi, tereina, rori rānei) ki te ūnga kua tohua
- Ngā utu kua whakaaetia kia tae atu ki te wāhi kua whakahuatia, pērā i te whakahaere i te taunga kaipuke i te ūnga mēnā he wāhanga o te kirimana utanga tēnei.
Ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō:
- Ngā takoha, ngā taake, me te whakawātea tikanga mō ngā kawemai
- Nga utu mo te rokiroki, te whakahaere ranei i muri i te wa i whakaaetia
- Te kawe i roto i te whenua e haerea ana, engari kāore i te wāhi kua tohua (ki te kore koia hoki te wāhi tuku whakamutunga)
Te Kawenga Mōrearea i raro i te CPT
He rerekē te kawenga mō te mōrearea. E ai ki te CPT:
- Ina hoatu e te kaihoko ngā taonga ki te kaikawe tuatahi i whakahuatia e rātou, ka neke te mōrearea mai i te kaihoko ki te kaihoko.
- Whai muri i tēnā, ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō ngā kino, ngā ngaronga, ngā tahae rānei e pā ana ki te taonga i te wā tuku, ki te kore ko te he o te kaihoko.
Anei tētahi ripanga taketake e whakaatu ana i te tūnga o te utu me te mōrearea i ngā wā rerekē kia mārama ake ai tēnei.
| Wāhanga o te Tukunga | Ko wai ka utu i ngā utu? | Ko wai ka pikau i te mōrearea? |
|---|---|---|
| Te tākai me te uta i te whare o te kaihoko | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te kawe waka ki uta ki te kaikawe tuatahi | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Tukunga ki te kaikawe tuatahi (pūwāhi whakawhiti mōrearea) | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Ngā waka matua o te ao (moana, rangi, me ētahi atu) | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Te taenga ki te wāhi e haerea ana kua whakaingoatia | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Kawea mai nga tikanga tuku, utu, taake | kaihoko | kaihoko |
| Tukunga ki uta i muri i te wāhi kua whakaingoatia (ki te kore e whakaurua) | kaihoko | kaihoko |
Kia mōhio koe, ko te kaihoko te utu mō te tuku i muri i te kohi a te kaikawe tuatahi i te mōkihi, engari ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te mōrearea. Koinei te mea nui hei maumahara mō te CPT.
Ngā Kawenga a te Kaihoko me te Kaihoko i raro i te CPT
E mea ana hoki te CPT ko wai me aha ina tae mai ki ngā mahi pepa, ngā tikanga me ngā mahi ā-ringa, me ētahi atu take mahi, hei tāpiri atu ki te utu me te mōrearea.
Ngā Kawenga Matua a te Kaihoko
I raro i te CPT, me mahi te kaihoko i ngā mea e whai ake nei:
- E ai ki te kirimana, me whakarato ngā taonga me te nama hokohoko.
- Tākaihia, tohua, ka tāpirihia he tapanga tika mō ngā taonga hei tuku ki ētahi atu whenua.
- Tikina ngā raihana kaweake e hiahiatia ana e koe, ka whakaoti i te tukanga tikanga kaweake.
- Whakaritea te kawe ki te kaikawe tuatahi ki uta.
- Whakaritea he whakaaetanga ka utua te haerenga ki te wāhi kua tohua.
- Hoatu ki te kaihoko ngā pepa tuku kaipuke (pēnei i te pire utanga, te pire rererangi, te CMR rānei) kia taea ai e rātou te tiki i ngā taonga mai i te kaikawe.
- Me whakamōhio atu ki te kaihoko kua kohia ngā taonga e te kaikawe, ā, me hoatu hoki ngā mōhiohio aroturuki, mōhiohio tuku rānei mēnā e tika ana.
Me mahi tahi te kaihoko me ngā kaituku utanga, ngā kaikawe, me ngā kaihoko tikanga kia pai ai te haere o te utanga nā ēnei mahi.
Ngā Kawenga Matua a te Kaihoko
E ai ki te CPT, ko te tikanga me mahi te kaihoko i ēnei mahi:
- Utua ngā mea kia rite ki tā te kirimana hoko e mea nei.
- Tikina ngā raihana kawemai, ā, whakaotia te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tāke mō ngā kawemai.
- Utua ngā taake, ngā taripa, me ngā utu katoa e pā ana ki te kawemai.
- Mena e hiahia ana rātou ki te tiaki i a rātou anō mai i ngā mōrearea o te kawe waka (nā te mea ka tere te whakawhiti o te mōrearea), me whakarite e rātou te inihua, me utu hoki.
- Tangohia te tuku mai i te kaikawe ki te wāhi i tohua e koe.
- Ki te hiahia koe ki te haere ki uta, whakaritea he huarahi mō ētahi atu waka.
Nā te mea ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō ngā utanga mō te nuinga o te haerenga, he mea pai tonu te tiki inihua utanga, pērā i raro i ngā Ture Utauta o te Whare Wānanga.
CPT vs Ētahi Atu Incoterms: Ngā Whakataurite Matua
He uaua ki ngā kaihokohoko te whiriwhiri i waenga i ngā Incoterms pēnei i te FOB, CIF, CPT, me te DAP. He pai te whakataurite i te CPT ki ētahi kupu noa kia kitea ai te wā e pai ai te whiriwhiri.
CPT me CIF
Ka taea te whakamahi i te CPT me ngā momo waka katoa, pērā i te rangi, te rori, te tereina, me te maha-momo waka. Ka taea anake te whakamahi i te CIF (Utu, Inihuarangatia, me te Utaina) mō te kawe waka moana me te kawe waka o uta. CIF:
- Ka utua e te kaihoko te utu, te tuku, me te inihua iti rawa ki te tauranga ūnga.
- Ka ngaro tonu te mōrearea ina utaina ngā taonga ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga kawe waka.
I roto i te CPT:
- Kāore te kaihoko e hiahia ana ki te inihua i ngā taonga.
- He ngāwari ake te CPT mō te tuku taonga, ā, he iti ake te whakaaro pākiki ki te inihua, kia taea ai e te kaihoko te whiriwhiri i te kapinga e hiahiatia ana e rātou.
CPT me te FOB
Ko te FOB (Free On Board) he mea tuku noa iho mā te moana, mā uta rānei, ā, e whakamahia ana mō ngā utanga papatipu, ngā utanga kore-ipu rānei. Ko te tikanga o te FOB:
- Ka oti te mahi a te kaihoko ina utaina ngā hua ki runga i te kaipuke i te tauranga kawe.
- Mai i taua wā, ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te mōrearea, ā, māna anō e whakarite ngā whakaritenga matua mō te kawe i te taonga.
CPT, i tētahi atu ringa:
- Tāpiri atu ki te mahi a te kaihoko ki te whakarite me te utu mō te kawe matua.
- Ka nekehia tonutia te mōrearea i mua ake (ina riro te kawenga i te kaikawe tuatahi), engari ko te kaihoko tonu te kawenga mō ngā mahi whakahaere.
Ina he pai ake te urunga atu a te kaihoko ki ngā kaikawe me te nui ake o tōna mōhio ki ngā utanga, ko te CPT te whiringa pai rawa atu mō ngā taonga kei roto i ngā ipu me ngā tuku maha-ara.
CPT vs DAP
He māmā ake te whakamahi a te DAP (Delivered At Place) mā ngā kaihoko nā te mea:
- I raro i te DAP, ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō ngā whakapaunga me ngā mōrearea tae noa ki te tukunga o ngā taonga ki te kaihoko i te wāhi i whakaaetia.
- Ko te kaihoko te kaiwhakahaere o ngā tikanga tāke me ngā mahi whakamutunga mō te kawemai.
He rerekē te CPT i te DAP nā te mea:
- He nui ake te mōrearea o ngā whakawhiti i mua, i te wā tuatahi i te kaikawe.
- Ehara i te mea "whakauru katoa" mō te kiritaki, engari he māmā ake mō te kaihoko.
He pai ake pea te DAP, te DDP rānei mēnā e hiahia ana te kaihoko ki te whai huatanga nui, ā, kua rite hoki ki te utu. He pai ake te CPT mēnā e hiahia ana ngā rōpū ki tētahi taurite e tiaki ai te kaihoko i te nuinga o ngā utanga engari kāore i te katoa o ngā mōrearea.
Āhea te wā e pai ai te whiriwhiri i te CPT?
He mea tino noa te CPT i roto i te hokohoko o te ao i ēnei rā, inā koa he maha ngā huarahi hei kawe i ngā taonga ki tō rātou ūnga, ā, he pai hoki ngā pūkenga whakahaere a te kaihoko.
Anei ētahi wā ka pai te mahi a te CPT:
- Ka taea e te kaihoko te whiwhi utu tuku pai ake, he pai ake rānei ngā hononga ki ngā kaikawe, kia taea ai e rātou te tuku atu i ngā kōwhiringa tuku pai ake ki te kaihoko.
- He maha ngā momo kawe e whakamahia ana mō te tuku taonga (hei tauira, taraka → rerewē → moana → taraka), nō reira he māmā ake mā te kaihoko te whakarite i tētahi kirimana kawe-ā-roto.
- E hiahia ana te kiritaki kia pumau ake te utu uta mō te wāhanga uta matua, engari kāore e hē ana ki a rātou te tango i te mōrearea o te kawe waka mā te tiki i tā rātou ake inihua.
- He pokapū nui te ūnga, ā, ka taea e te kaihoko te tuku noa ki te tauranga, ki te whare whakahaere rānei, ā, ka taea e te kaihoko te whakahaere i te mahi e whai ake nei.
Engari, kāore pea te CPT i te kōwhiringa pai mēnā he pai ake ngā mahi kawe a te kaihoko i te pūtake, mēnā rānei e hiahia ana te kaihoko kia riro i te kaihoko te mōrearea katoa kia tukuna rā anō ngā taonga. I ēnei āhuatanga, he pai ake pea ngā kupu pēnei i te FCA, DAP, DDP rānei.
Ngā Tohutohu Whaihua mō te Whakamahi i te CPT i roto i ngā Kirimana
Nā te mea he kupu ture te CPT, he mea nui ngā mea iti o roto i tō kirimana. Anei ētahi aratohu whai hua hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi tika i te CPT, me te karo hoki i te whakapoauau.
Me whakamārama tonu te wāhi kua whakaingoatia
Me whai wāhi mārama tonu te "wāhi kua whakaingoatia" i muri i te CPT. Hei tauira:
- CPT Los Angeles, California, USA
- Te Ara Rerewē o Chicago CPT, Te Hononga o Amerika
- Teihana Ipu CPT Hamburg i Tiamana
Me tino tika te ingoa o te wāhi e whakahuatia ana e koe. He koretake te kupu "CPT USA", ā, ka puta pea he tautohetohe mō te hunga e utu ana mō tēhea wāhanga o te kawe waka ki uta.
Kia Mārama ki te Wāhi Tukunga
Kia maumahara ko te wāhi whakawhiti mōrearea ko te tukunga atu ki te kaikawe tuatahi, ehara i te wāhi i tautuhia. Kia mōhio te kaihoko me te kaihoko ko wai kei te tango i te mōrearea i te wā:
- Te kawe i mua i te uta i te whenua o te kaihoko
- Te kawe waka puta noa i ngā rohe
- Ngā whakawhiti, ngā tuku rānei i waenga i ngā kaikawe
Me whakaata tēnei māramatanga i roto i te huarahi e whakarite ai ia rōpū i te inihua me te whakahaere i te aroturuki.
Whakaritea te CPT ki tō Rautaki Inihuara
Me mahi e te kaihoko ēnei mea e whai ake nei nā te mea ko rātou te kawenga mō te mōrearea ina riro te kawenga i te kaikawe tuatahi:
- Kia tino mōhio koe ki te mutunga o te mōrearea.
- Me whakarite kei a koe te inihua utanga tika mō te haerenga mai i taua wāhi ki te ūnga whakamutunga.
- Kimihia mēnā he kawenga paerewa tā te kirimana utanga a te kaihoko, me ngā herenga anō hoki.
Ahakoa i raro i te CPT, ka whakaae pea ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihoko ka whakaratohia e te kaihoko he inihua tāpiri atu ki te utanga. Mena koinei te āhua, me whakamārama rawa tēnei i roto i te kirimana, i tētahi whakaaetanga inihua motuhake rānei.
Nga Hapa Matanoa me te Me pehea te Ape
Ahakoa ngā kaihokohoko kua roa e mahi ana i tēnei, ka hē pea tā rātou whakamahi i te CPT. Mā te mōhio ki ngā hapa e mahia ana e te tangata, ka āwhina pea koe ki te penapena wā me te moni.
He maha ngā wā ka hē te whakaaro o te tangata ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te mōrearea kia tae rā anō ngā taonga ki te wāhi i whakaaetia. Tērā pea ka wareware ngā kaihoko ki te tiki inihua, ā, i muri i te ngaronga o te taonga ka kitea e rātou nō rātou te mōrearea mai i te meneti i tukuna ai ngā taonga ki te kaikawe tuatahi.
Ka puta tētahi atu raruraru ina whānui rawa te ingoa o te wāhi. Hei tauira, kāore pea a "CPT London" e whakaatu mārama mēnā me utu te kaihoko i tētahi taunga kaipuke, i tētahi taunga ipu, i tētahi taunga rererangi rānei kua tohua. Tērā pea ka ohorere ngā kaihoko i ngā utu ohorere i tō rātou ūnga mēnā kāore ā rātou tumanakohanga i te rite.
Ka uaua ake hoki ngā mahi pepa. Mēnā kāore te kaihoko e hoatu ki te kaihoko ngā taipitopito tuku, kawe rānei tika, tera pea ka roa ake te tatari a te kaihoko kia tae mai ngā taonga, ā, ka roa ake pea te utu rokiroki me te utu whakahekenga. Hei karo i tēnei, me whakaae ngā taha katoa i mua i te wā mō ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana (pēnei i te pire utanga, te rārangi tākai, te tiwhikete takenga mai rānei) me te wā me tuku atu ai.
Me pēhea te whakapakari a te tautoko ratonga ngaio i ngā tukunga CPT
He nui ngā kawenga whakahaere a te CPT ki te kaihoko nā te mea me whakamahere me utu e rātou te kawe. Koinei te wāhi e tino kitea ai ngā kaikawe utanga me ngā kamupene whakahaere taonga.
Ka taea e tētahi hoa mahi kawe taonga pai te:
- Me whakarite kei te whai hua ngā ara mai i te tatau ki te taunga rererangi, mai i te tatau ki te pokapū rānei e hangaia ana e koe, ā, kei te ōrite ki te whakamāramatanga CPT, me te pupuri tonu i ngā utu kia iti.
- Mahi tahi me ngā whenua maha me ngā kaikawe ki te whakamahere i ngā otinga maha-ara (rangi, moana, tereina, me te taraka).
- Me whakarite kia mārama ngā tuhinga me ngā ara tuku kia kitea ai e te kaihoko me te kaihoko te tuku.
- Āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki ngā ture tikanga tuku iho i te wāhi taketake, me te kōrero ki a koe mō ngā raruraru ka puta ake i te wāhi e tae atu ai.
- Tukuna ngā kōwhiringa ngāwari, pērā i te FCL (utaina katoa o te ipu), te LCL (iti iho i te utaina o te ipu), me ngā ratonga whakatutuki hokohoko ipurangi e whai ana i ngā kirimana CPT.
Ka mahi tahi a CPT me tētahi otinga whakahaere nui ake e whakauru ana whare patu, te tuku whakamutunga, me te whakahaere whakahoki, inā koa mō ngā kaihoko hokohoko ipurangi e hoko ana i ngā rohe. Engari nā tēnei uauatanga hoki he mea nui ake te whai tautoko whakahaere tohunga.
Topway Shipping: Te Whakamahi i te CPT mō te Hokohoko Ipurangi Whakawhiti-Rohe
Mena kei te tuku taonga koe mai i Haina, inā koa ki te US, ki ētahi atu mākete nui o te ao rānei, he mea nui kia whai hoa mahi kawe taonga e mōhio ana ki ngā āhuatanga katoa o te CPT.
Kei Shenzhen, Haina te turanga o Topway Shipping, ā, he kaiwhakarato ngaio ia mō ngā otinga whakahaere hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe mai i te tau 2010. Neke atu i te 15 tau te wheako o te tīma whakatū i roto i ngā mahi whakahaere waka o te ao me te whakawātea tikanga, me te arotahi ki te US me Haina. He tino āwhina tēnei taumata pūkenga i te wā e whakarite ana i ngā tuku CPT, ina me whai tika i ngā mahi takenga mai me ngā tukanga kaweake.
He whānuitanga katoa ngā ratonga kawe taonga a Topway Shipping, mai i te kawe tuatahi mai i ngā wheketere, i ngā whare putunga rānei ki ngā whare putunga ki tāwāhi, te tautoko i te whakakorenga tikanga, me ngā otinga tuku whakamutunga e tika ana mō ngā umanga hokohoko ipurangi me ngā umanga hokohoko. Mā te CPT, ka taea e Topway te tiaki i ngā whakaritenga uaua mō te kawe i mua i te kawe me te kawe matua, me te whakarite kia kite ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihoko i ngā utu katoa me te āhua o te hanganga.
Ka tukuna e Topway Shipping ngā ratonga ngāwari mō te utaina o ngā ipu katoa (FCL) me te iti iho i te utaina o ngā ipu (LCL) mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga matua o te ao. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whiriwhiri i te rautaki kawe e tino whai hua ana mō rātou, me te pupuri tonu i te tutuki i ngā paearu kirimana CPT, ahakoa he whakakotahi i ngā uta iti ake, he whakawhiti rānei i ngā ipu nui ki ngā wāhi nui.
Mā te Topway Shipping ka āwhina ngā umanga ki te whakamahi i te CPT ehara i te mea hei kupu hokohoko ture anake, engari hei wāhanga o tētahi rautaki whakahaere taonga ā-ao mārama me te whai hua mā te tuku ratonga mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga pērā i te tuku tuatahi, te tuku kaipuke ā-ao, te whakahaere i ngā haerenga, me te rokiroki. Ina whakakotahihia te CPT me te whakahaerenga pai rawa atu, ka mutu te noho hei pūtake o te whakapoauau, ā, ka noho hei taputapu kaha.
Opaniraa
Ko te CPT, arā, ko "Carriage Paid To," ehara i te mea he reta e toru noa iho i runga i te nama. He Incoterm kua tautuhia pai e wehewehe ana i te utu me te mōrearea i tētahi huarahi e miharo ai te tini o ngā kaihokohoko:
- Ka utua e te kaihokohoko te utu tuku ki tētahi wāhi motuhake.
- Ka pā wawe atu te mōrearea ki te kaihoko, ina tae mai ngā taonga ki te kaikawe tuatahi.
He mea tino nui kia mōhio ki te rerekētanga i waenganui i ēnei mea e rua. Ka whakarerekētia te hunga me whiwhi inihua, te hanganga o ngā kirimana, me te whakatika i ngā raruraru mēnā ka he tetahi mea i te wā tuku. He pai ake te CPT mō ngā tuku e whakamahi ana i te neke atu i te kotahi momo kawe, me ngā āhuatanga e pai ake ai te kaihoko ki te whakarite utanga, nā te mea he pai ake ā rātou whatunga kawe taonga, he iti ake rānei ngā utu.
Me mārama rawa ngā kaihokohoko ki te wāhi kua tautuhia, me mōhio ki te wāhi whakawhiti mōrearea, me te whakarite kia ōrite te kupu ki te mahere inihua me te mahere whakahaere tika kia tika ai te whakamahi i te CPT. Ki te mahi tahi koe me tētahi kamupene whakahaere e mōhio ana ki tā rātou mahi, pērā i a Topway Shipping, ka taea e koe te huri i te CPT mai i te pūtake mōrearea hei huarahi whai hua, whai hua hoki ki te mahi pakihi puta noa i te ao.
He taputapu pai te CPT mō te whakahaere i ngā tuku o tāwāhi ina he mārama ngā kirimana, he tika te inihua, ā, he pai hoki te āwhina whakahaere. He pono rawa tēnei i roto i ngā mekameka tuku hokohoko ipurangi uaua, whakawhiti-rohe, he mea nui te whakahaere utu me te pono.
FAQs
P: He aha te tikanga o te CPT i roto i ngā kupu tuku kaipuke?
A: Ko te tikanga o te kupu CPT ko "Carriage Paid To". He Incoterm tēnei e kī ana ko te kaihoko te utu me te whakarite kia tukuna ngā taonga ki tētahi wāhi motuhake. Heoi, ko te mōrearea o te ngaronga, o te kino rānei ka tukuna mai i te kaihoko ki te kaihoko ina tukuna ngā taonga ki te kaikawe tuatahi, ehara i te mea ina tae ki te ūnga.
Q: I raro i te CPT, ko wai te kawenga mō te inihua?
A: I roto i te CPT tikanga, kāore te kaihoko e hiahia ki te inihua i ngā taonga. Nā te mea ka riro i te kaihoko te mōrearea ina tukuna ngā hua ki te kaikawe tuatahi, ko te mahi a te kaihoko te tiki inihua utanga e ranea ana mai i taua wā tae noa ki te tukunga o ngā taonga. Ka taea e ngā rōpū te whakaae ki tētahi atu mea, engari me mārama tēnei i roto i te kirimana.
Q: Ka taea te whakamahi i te CPT mō tetahi momo kawe waka?
Āe. Ko tētahi painga o te CPT ko te taea te whakamahi me ngā momo kawe katoa, tae atu ki te rangi, te moana, te rori, te tereina, me ētahi atu momo kawe maha. He rongonui te CPT mō te hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe me ngā kawe ipu nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi me ngā momo kawe me ngā momo kawe.
P: He aha te rerekētanga o te CPT me te CIF?
A: Ka taea anake te whakamahi i te CIF (Utu, Inihuarangatia, me te Uta) mō te tuku i runga i te moana me ngā awa o roto, ā, me whakarato te kaihoko i te iti rawa o te inihua tae noa ki te tauranga ūnga kua tohua. I tetahi atu taha, ka taea te whakamahi i te CPT mō tetahi momo kawe waka, ā, kāore e hiahiatia kia whiwhi inihua te kaihoko. Heoi, i ngā āhuatanga e rua, ka pahemo te mōrearea i mua i te taenga o ngā hua ki tō rātou ūnga. Ka puta tēnei ina tukuna ngā taonga ki te kaikawe, ina whakanohoia rānei ki runga i te kaipuke.
Āhea te whakawhiti mōrearea mai i te kaihoko ki te kaihoko i raro i te CPT?
A: Ka riro te mōrearea o te kaihoko ki te kaihoko ina tukuna ngā hua ki te kaikawe tuatahi i whiriwhiria e te kaihoko. Ko te wāhi e tupu ai tēnei i te nuinga o te wā i roto i te papa ipu, i te taunga utanga, i tētahi atu mea pērā rānei. Ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō ngā ngaronga, ngā kino rānei e pā ana i te wā tuku mai i taua wā, ahakoa kei te utu tonu te kaihoko mō te tuku ki te wāhi kua tohua.
P: He aha ngā mea me whakauru i muri i te kupu CPT i roto i tētahi kirimana?
A: Me whai tonu i te CPT tētahi wāhi kua tohua mārama, pērā i te tauranga, te taunga rererangi, te tauranga, te tāone rānei me tētahi whare motuhake. Ko "CPT Los Angeles Port, USA" me "CPT Frankfurt Airport, Germany" ētahi tauira e rua. Ko te nui ake o te wāhi kua whakahuatia, ko te māmā ake te ārai i ngā tautohetohe mō te tangata whai kawenga me te nui o te utu.
P: He pai te CPT mō ngā tuku hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe?
Āe, ka pai te mahi a te CPT mō te hokohoko ipurangi whakawhiti-rohe, inā koa mēnā ka mahi tahi te kaihoko me tētahi kamupene kawe taonga ngaio e taea ai te whakahaere i te kawe waka maha-ara, ngā tukanga kaweake, me te whakahaere i te ūnga. Ko ngā kamupene pēnei i a Topway Shipping e arotahi ana ki ēnei momo otinga pito-ki-te-pito, e taea ai e ngā pakihi hokohoko ipurangi te tuku tuku pono me te aroturuki tonu i ngā utu kaipuke.
Q: Āhea ahau me whiriwhiri i te CPT hei utu mō te DAP, te DDP rānei?
A: He otinga pai te CPT mēnā kei te pai te kaihoko ki te whakarite me te utu mō te kaikawe matua engari kāore e hiahia ki te tango i ngā mōrearea me ngā kawenga katoa kia tukuna rā anō te mōkihi. He māmā ake te DAP me te DDP mō te kaihoko, engari he nui ake te kawenga me te mōrearea ka tukuna ki te kaihoko. Ko te CPT te kōwhiringa pai rawa atu mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki tētahi utu tika, ko te kaihoko te kaiwhakahaere o te tuku, ā, ko te kaihoko te kawenga mō te nuinga o ngā mōrearea me ngā takoha kawemai.
