He aha te take e whakarērea ai e ngā kaikawemai te utanga moana mō te rerewē mai i Haina ki Austria
Kupu Whakataki
Kei te haere tonu tētahi panonitanga puku i roto i ngā ara whakahaere i waenganui i a Haina me Ūropi Waenganui. He maha ake ngā kamupene kawemai, inā koa ko te hunga e tuku kaipuke ana ki Austria, kei te arotake anō i tō rātou whakawhirinaki ki ngā utanga moana me te huri ki te whatunga tereina Haina-Ūropi. Ehara tēnei i te whakamātautau motuhake i roto i te whakararuraru. He nekehanga whakaaro nui, āta whakaarohia, e tautokona ana e ngā raraunga mākete, te haumi hanganga, me ngā wheako mamae o ngā tau tata nei.
Nā te raruraru o te Moana Whero i tīmata i te mutunga o te tau 2023, ā, i roa ki te tau 2025, i meinga ngā kaipuke kia haere i te ara roa o Cape of Good Hope, ā, i roa ake te wā whakawhiti moana mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga o Ūropi mā te neke atu i te 45 rā. Kātahi ka noho te kikī o te tauranga, ngā haerenga kore mahi, me te pikinga o ngā utu tāpiri. Mō ngā kaikawemai i taunga ki ngā utanga moana, ehara tēnei i te raruraru. Engari i kitea ā rātou mekameka tuku. I roto i tēnei horopaki, i puta ai te China-Europe Railway Express, e mōhiotia ana ko CR Express, ko te New Silk Road rānei, ehara i te mea hei kōwhiringa tuarua pai rawa atu, engari hei huarahi whai hua me te whakataetae utu.
Haina-EU ripa tere I tino hoki mai ngā rahinga i te tau 2024. I tērā tau, e 380,434 TEU katoa i whakahaerea, he pikinga 80.2% mai i te tau 2023. I piki ake ngā rahinga e haere ana ki te hauauru (Haina ki Ūropi) i te 130.8% ki te 330,704 TEU. Kei te tino pai te tūranga o Austria i roto i tēnei ara e tipu haere ana, me ngā huarahi ki te Teihana Tonga o Vienna me ngā whatunga tereina me ngā whatunga rori o uta mai i ngā kuwaha matua o Ūropi e mahi tonu ana ki te whenua. Ka hipokina e tēnei tuhinga he aha ngā take e mahi ana ngā kaikawemai i tēnei mahi, me te mea he pai te tereina mō āu utanga.
Te Āhua o ngā Utauta Moana: He aha i Pōuri ai ngā Kaihoko Mai
Mō ngā rerenga arumoni i waenganui i a Haina me Ahitereiria, ko te utanga moana te huarahi matua. He mārama noa ngā āhuatanga ōhanga. He nui te kaha o ngā kaipuke ipu nui, he iti te utu mō ia waeine, ā, mō ngā utanga papatipu kāore i te whāwhā, tata tonu te pai o ngā tatauranga ki te moana. Engari ko te "tata tonu" he nui te mahi i roto i taua rerenga kōrero.
Ko ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei he akoranga mō ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā utanga moana. Nā ngā raruraru i te Awa o Suez i akiaki ngā kaipuke ki te huri haere i Āwherika, me te tāpiri i te 10 ki te 14 ngā rā hei haere i waenga i Āhia me Ūropi. I piki haere ngā utu utanga, i te ohorere, ā, i pāngia ngā kawemai e te $1,500 mō ia TEU tāpiritanga mō ngā huarahi ki te EU. Kei te mau tonu te tūponotanga o te katinga o Hormuz ki ngā kaipuke moana tae noa ki te tīmatanga o te tau 2026, me te piki haere tonu o te koretake o te mākete.
Ka nui ake te kino o ēnei raruraru nā Austria. Hei whenua kāore i te mau te whenua, me tae tuatahi ngā hua e tae mai ana mā te wai ki tētahi tauranga tomokanga o Ūropi (arā, ko Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Koper, Trieste rānei) kātahi ka tukuna ki uta mā te taraka, mā te tereina whāngai rānei. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, e 2 ki te 5 ngā rā anō, ā, ka kore pea e taea te mahi tahi. Mā te whakaroa i te tauranga i Hamburg ka roa te utanga ki uta, ka ngaro te wā rokiroki, ā, ka pau pea ngā taonga. Ko te tikanga, ko te roa o te haere mai i te tatau ki te tatau mō ngā utanga moana mai i Haina ki Austria he 35-45 ngā rā, ā, he nui ake mēnā he raruraru.
Mō ngā kaikawemai o ngā taonga e nui ana te hurihanga, ngā whakarewatanga hua ā-wā, ngā whakaurunga hanga tika rānei, ehara i te mea he mea whakararuraru noa iho tēnei momo āhuatanga ohorere – he mea utu nui hoki. Ko ngā whakapaunga pupuri taonga he 20% ki te 35% o te uara taonga ia tau. Nō reira, i ia wiki e tukuna ana he uta, ka turuturu puku te moni i waho o te moni whiwhi.
Te Rerewē Rerewē: Te Mahi a te Rerewē Tereina Haina-Ūropi
Kua roa te haerenga mai o te China-Europe Railway Express (CR Express) mai i tōna tīmatanga i te tau 2013. I te tīmatanga he kaupapa hanganga tōrangapū me ngā tereina he nui te tautoko, ā, i ētahi wā he haurua-kore, kua waiho hei ara whakahaere ratonga e whai hua ana i te taha pūtea. I te tau 2024, kua piki ake ngā haerenga ā-tau ki te 19,000, he pikinga 10.4 ngā wā mai i te 1,702 haerenga i te tau 2016, me te ōwehenga ipu utaina tata ki te 100%.
Ka hono te whatunga i ngā ara matua e rua e hono ana i ngā pokapū hanga nui o Haina pērā i a Xi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhengzhou, Yiwu me ētahi atu ki ngā wāhi e haere ana ki Ūropi. Ka haere te Ara ki te Raki mā Kazakhstan, Rūhia me Belarus ki te EU, ko te nuinga mā te whakawhiti rohe o Malaszewicze i Pōrana. Ko te Ara Waenga, ko te Ara Waka Ao Trans-Caspian (TITR) rānei, he ara roa ake engari he haumaru ake i te taha tōrangapū e rere ana mai i Kazakhstan, puta noa i te Moana Caspian, mā Azerbaijan me Georgia tae atu ki Turkey me Ūropi Waenganui. Ko te Teihana Tonga o Vienna te tauranga nui mō ngā tuku e anga atu ana ki Austria, e matapaetia ana e te OBB Rail Cargo Group, te tuarua o ngā kaiwhakahaere utanga tereina nui rawa atu o Ūropi, ka piki ake te rahinga i te tau 2024 me te 2025.
Nga Kōwhiringa Ara me nga Wa Whakawhiti
He nui te whakawhirinaki o ngā wā whakawhiti ki te tāone wehenga atu i Haina, te ara kua whiriwhiria, me te tere o te tukunga taake. He whakataurite poto tēnei mō te tau 2025-2026.
| Ara | Korahi | Te Wā Whakawhiti (Mai i te Pūrere ki te Pūrere) | Notes |
| Xi'an → Vienna | Te Raki (mā Rūhia) | 14-18 ra | Kua whakapumautia; ētahi mōrearea ā-ao tōrangapū |
| Chongqing → Vienna | Te Raki (mā Rūhia) | 16-20 ra | Ngā wehenga auau-teitei |
| Yiwu → Vienna | Northern | 18-22 ra | He rongonui mo nga taonga kaihoko |
| Xi'an → Vienna | Waenganui (mā Caspian) | 20-26 ra | Ka karo i a Rūhia; ka tipu haere te kaha |
| Shanghai / Shenzhen → Vienna (mā te moana+tereina) | Rerewē Moana + Rerewē Whenua | 30-45 ra | Tikanga tuku iho; te utu iti rawa mō ia kirokaramu |
Ko te tuku taonga mai i te tatau ki te tatau ki ngā tāone o Austria pērā i a Vienna, Graz, Linz rānei, e tāpirihia ana kia 2 ki te 4 ngā rā ki ngā whakaroa mai i te taunga rererangi ki te taunga rererangi. Mō te nuinga o ngā kāwai hua, ka kawe mai ngā taonga e te tereina ki ngā whare putunga o Austria i roto i te 16 ki te 25 ngā rā – tata ki te haurua o te wā o te utanga moana.
Whakataurite Utu: Te Wehewehe i ngā Tau
He uaua ake te tirohanga utu mō te uta tereina me te uta moana i te whakataurite noa i ngā utu. Mō te ipu, he nui ake te utu o te tereina – i ētahi wā e rua, e toru rānei ngā wā o te utu o te tīkiti uta moana. Engari ki te whakaarohia te utu taunga katoa, ka tino kati te āputa.
| Aratau kaipuke | Wā Whakawhiti (Kuaha-ki-Kuaha) | Reiti FCL 40ft (Haina–Ateria) | Reiti LCL | tika |
| Kawenga Moana (FCL) | 35-45 ra | $ 2,835- $ 3,465 | $85/cbm | Taurite (he mea noa ngā whakararuraru) |
| Kawenga Rerewe (FCL) | 18-28 ra | $ 6,048- $ 7,392 | $210–$280/cbm | Teitei (90%+ te auau i te wā tika) |
| Air Freight | 5-10 ra | $3.8–$5/kg (~$30k+ mō ia FCL ōrite) | N / He | Nui rawa |
Puna: Sino-Shipping (Maehe 2026), Goodhope Freight (2025), ngā raraunga mākete i kohia e te tīma rangahau Topway Shipping. He tohu noa iho ngā utu, ā, ka rerekē pea i ngā wā o te tau.
Engari i te tāpiritanga o ngā whakapaunga pupuri taonga ki roto i ngā utu, ka rerekē te āhua. Mō te tukunga $200,000, ko te utu mō te 20 rā atu o te wā moana he tata ki te $2,700 ki te $3,800 (me te whakaaro he 25% te utu pupuri ā-tau). Tāpirihia te utu mō te mōrearea o te tukunga tomuri: ngā whakatairanga i ngaro, te korenga o ngā taonga, te whakakī anō i ngā taonga ā-rangi ohorere—ā, ko te utu taunga katoa o ngā utanga moana he nui ake i te utu kua whakahuatia mā te tawhiti nui.
He painga tonu te utu o te tereina i te rererangi, he mea nui tēnei. Mēnā ka roa pea te 40 rā, he huarahi maori te tereina mō ngā mea e kore e tatari, e kore hoki e hiahia ki te utu i te $5 mō ia kirokaramu o te utu rererangi—he iti iho i te 60–70% te iti iho i te utu rererangi mō ia waeine. Koia te take i rere mai ai ngā wāhanga hiko, ngā kākahu, ngā wāhanga waka me ngā taonga kaihoko utu nui ki te ara tereina.
Ko tēhea utanga e pai ana mō te rerewē?
Ko ētahi o ngā uta kāore e tika ana mō te tereina. Ko te mea pai mō tēnei tikanga ko ngā taonga e roa rawa ana te wā mō ngā uta moana engari kāore i te tino tere, i te tino nui rānei te utu mō ia kiro, ā, kāore e tika ana kia tika te kawe i runga i te rangi. I roto i ngā kupu mahi, e kapi ana tēnei i te whānuitanga o ngā momo mara e piki haere ana.
Ko ngā hikohiko me ngā wāhanga — ngā papa hiko, ngā mata, ngā waea atamai, ngā hangarau kaihoko — ētahi o ngā mea tuatahi i whakamahi i te tereina, nā te mea he tino utu nui te utaina rererangi nā te ōwehenga uara-ki-taumaha, engari nā te roa o te wā e whakamahia ana me ngā huringa tono ka tino morearea ngā haerenga moana 40-rā. Ko ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu hiko (waehere HS 84 me 85) te wāhanga nui rawa atu i roto i te waka tereina e haere ana ki te hauauru i te tau 2024 i te 30 ōrau.
I piki ake te rahinga o ngā wāhanga waka me ngā wāhanga motuka i te tau 2024, mā te 192% te tipu ki te 31,304 TEU. Ko ngā hua e hono ana ki te huringa whakatairanga hokohoko pēnei i ngā taonga whare, ngā moenga me ngā taputapu rama i piki ake mā te 182.7% i te ara kotahi, he taumaha, he tino utu nui. Ko ngā kākahu i roto i ngā wāhanga tere piki i runga i te rerewē Haina-Ūropi, mā te 268.4% te tipu i te tau 2024. Me uru ngā kākahu me ngā papanga ki ngā matapihi o ngā wā.
| Kāwai Uta | Te Tipu Rerewē o te Tau 2024 (Haina→EU) | He aha te mahi a te rerewē |
| Mīhini me ngā Taputapu Hiko | ~130% (tino nui i te 30% o te rōrahi) | He nui te uara, he tairongo ki ngā whakaroa |
| Ngā Waka me ngā Wāhanga Aunoa | +192% ki te 31,304 TEU | Ngā whakaritenga hangahanga JIT |
| Kākahu, Kakahu me ngā Hu | + 268.4% | Ngā matapihi ā-wā, uara waenga |
| Taonga Whare, Moenga me te Rama | + 182.7% | Nui rawa; he nui ake te utu mō te hau |
| Rongoa me nga taputapu rongoa | Te whakatipu (kei te wātea ngā waka e whakahaeretia ana te pāmahana) | Ngā whakaritenga mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga + te tere |
He pai ake ngā rauemi mata, ngā taonga ahumahi nunui me ngā hua papatipu kāore i te wā, ina iti te utu kawe taonga, ā, kāore he raruraru o te wā ki te mākete, hei utu mō te utanga moana. He nui rawa te painga o te utanga moana, kāore e taea te wikitoria.
Te Ao Tōrangapū me te Hanganga: He aha te Whakapai Ake o te Pono o te Rerewē
I te tīmatanga o te pakanga i waenganui i a Rūhia me Ukraine i te tau 2022, i puta he mōrearea ā-rohe i roto i te āhua o te whakawhirinaki ki te rohe o Rūhia me Belarusian, tētahi o ngā whakahē hītori mō te tereina o Haina me Ūropi. He mataku tika tēnā, ā, i arahi ki te hekenga nui o te nui o te moni i te tau 2022 me te 2023. Engari kua tauhohe te mākete me te whai hua: te tere o te whanaketanga o te Ara Waenga.
Kua nui te haumi a ngā whenua whakawhiti katoa ki te huarahi Trans-Caspian, e rere ana i roto i a Kazakhstan, te Moana Caspian, Azerbaijan, Georgia me Turkey. Kua haumi a Turkey, Azerbaijan me Uzbekistan ki te whakapai ake i ngā hanganga. Ko te OBB Rail Cargo Group, he hononga tika ki Haina mai i te tau 2008, i huri i tana arotahi ki te Middle Corridor i muri i ngā uauatanga nā Ukraine, ā, i ripoatahia he pikinga rua o te rahinga i te tau 2024 me te 2025. Kei te whakamahere hoki te pakihi ki te whakanui ake i te kaha whakahaere ipu i te South Terminal o Vienna i te tau 2027, he whakapuakitanga mārama o te whakapono ki te tono mo te wa roa.
Kua tino whakanuia te kaha o ngā tauranga rohe i te taha Haina. Ka taea e ngā whakawhiti tereina nui e rima – Alashankou, Horgos, Erenhot, Manzhouli me Suifenhe – te whakahaere i te 184 whakawhiti tereina i te rā, he pikinga 45% mai i ngā taumata o te tau 2016. Ko te tikanga o tētahi pūnaha tauranga mamati hou ka taea te tukatuka i ngā pepa tikanga i mua i te taenga o ngā tereina ki te rohe, ka whakaiti i te wā whakawātea. Ko te mutunga mai he ara kua tino pono ake, ā, kua ātete ake ki te momo motuhanga kotahi-ira i pā ki reira i ngā tau o mua.
Ko te uara o te mākete utanga tereina i waenga i a Haina me Ūropi he $16 piriona i te tau 2025, ā, e matapaetia ana ka eke ki te $31.44 piriona i te tau 2030, ka piki ake te tere tipu ā-tau o te 14.46%. Ehara tēnei i te ara hou. He ara kawe waka tēnei kua whakatūria, ā, kei te tere te pakeke haere.
Te Oranga Tonu: Te Take Taiao mō te Rerewē
He nui ake te utu me te tere o te uta tereina i te taiao, ā, he mea nui ake tēnei mō ngā kaikawemai e mahi ana i raro i ngā aratohu ESG, e tuku ana rānei i ngā taonga ki ngā kaihoko Pākehā e tātari ana i ngā tapuwae waro. I ngā tawhiti ōrite, he iti ake te CO2 e whakaputaina ana e te tereina mō ia tana-kiromita i te uta rererangi, moana rānei. Mō ia waeine.
Mō ngā kai kawemai o Austria, ko te whakatau ki te whakamahi i te tereina kaua i te rangi ehara i te mea he rautaki whakaiti waro anake, engari he mea nui tonu i ngā pakihi. Ko te mema o Austria ki te EU e tohu ana i ngā ture e haere ake nei mō te whakaaturanga waro, ā, ka haere tonu te Tikanga Whakatikatika Rohe Waro (CBAM) ki te whakapiki ake i ngā tūponotanga mō ngā whakataunga whakahaere. Ko ngā kamupene e whakaatu ana i ngā mekameka tuku iti iho te tukunga ka whai painga whakataetae i roto i te hokohoko B2B me te tūnga e anga atu ana ki te kaihoko. He iti ake te utu o te tereina i te rangi, he tere ake i te moana, engari kei te huri hei whiringa matomato i roto i te mākete e piki haere ana te utu mō taua rerekētanga.
Te Tautoko a Topway Shipping i te Ara Rerewē Haina-ki-Ateria
Kāore e ranea te whiwhi wāhi i runga i te tereina utanga hei whakamahi i te ara tereina Haina-Ūropi. Ko te whai i ngā tikanga tuku iho i roto i ētahi rohe, te whakarōpūtanga tika o te waehere HS i raro i ngā ture tikanga tuku iho a te EU, ngā here tikanga tuku iho me ngā whakaritenga EORI, me te whakaritenga whakamutunga i roto i Austria he maha ngā wāhanga e neke haere ana. Mā te whakahaere hē o ēnei ka taea te whakararu i te tukunga. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi ai te hoa 3PL pono.
Mai i te whakatuwheratanga o te pakihi i te tau 2010, kua hangaia e Topway Shipping o Shenzhen tōna ingoa rongonui i runga i tēnei momo tohungatanga whānui. I whakatūria a Topway e tētahi tīma neke atu i te 15 tau o te mahi kawe waka o te ao me te whakawātea tikanga, ā, he māramatanga whānui tōna ki ngā tuhinga, ngā whakaritenga ture me ngā hononga kaikawe e tūāpapa ana mō ngā mahi utanga angitu i waenganui i a Haina me Ūropi.
Ko China-US te pūkenga matua o Topway Shipping i ngā wā o mua. Ka horapa noa ngā pūkenga o te kamupene ki te mākete Pākehā, e kapi ana i te tuku kaipuke tuatahi, te whare putunga o te ao, te whakakore i ngā tikanga me te tuku whakamutunga. Ka whakaratohia e Topway ngā otinga ngāwari ki ngā kawemai o Austria me ngā utanga moana FCL me LCL mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga nui puta noa i te ao, inā koa ko ngā kuwaha nui o Europi e whakamahia ana hei wāhi whakawhiti ki uta mō Austria. Ka taea e tā rātou tīma te hanga otinga maha-momo: te rerewē mai i uta o Haina ki tētahi pokapū Pākehā, kātahi ka whakarite i te tuku ki uta ki Vienna, Graz, Linz rānei.
Ka kitea e ngā kaihoko kawemai o Topway ngā wehewehenga utu mārama (kāore he utu tāpiri hinu huna, he utu haerenga ohorere rānei) me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero matatau mō te āhua o ngā taonga i a rātou e whiti ana i ngā rohe. Mō ngā kamupene hou ki te ara rerewē Haina-Ūropi, he mea tino nui te tohungatanga o Topway ki ngā take tikanga, ka whai a Austria i ngā ture tikanga o te EU, ā, ko te tika o te waehere HS, te uara tikanga me ngā whakapuakitanga VAT kawemai i te tīmatanga koia te rerekētanga i waenga i te tukunga maeneene me te whakaroa utu nui.
Opaniraa
Ko te whakawhiti mai i te moana ki te rēriwe mō ngā kawemai mai i Haina ki Austria ehara i te mea hou. He urupare arorau tēnei ki tētahi raupapa o ngā huringa hanganga: te piki haere tonu o te piki me te heke o ngā utanga moana, te whakapai ake i ngā hanganga rēriwe me te pono, te whakawhānui ake i ngā kāwai hua e uru ana ki te tere me te utu o te rēriwe, me te piki haere o te hiranga o te matapae i te mekameka tuku mō ngā kamupene Austrian e whakataetae ana i roto i te mākete EU.
Kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā uta tereina mai i Haina ki Austria mō ngā kaipuke katoa. A te heke mai, ka noho ko ngā uta moana hei rohe mō ngā taonga nui me te whakakī anō i ngā taonga kāore i te hiahiatia kia tere. Haunga ngā hikohiko, ngā kākahu, ngā wāhanga motuka, me ngā taonga kaihoko, he mea nui te wā me te utu rererangi, he kōwhiringa tino ātaahua te China-Europe Railway Express, he kōwhiringa e pai haere ana i ia tau i te pakeketanga o ngā hanganga me te whānui haere o te kaha.
E tautokona ana tēnei whakaaro e ngā meka mākete. Ehara hoki i te taunakitanga pakiwaitara, me te 380,434 TEU i haria i runga i te ara rerewē Haina-EU i te tau 2024. He pikinga tēnei o te 80.2% ia tau, ā, e ai ki te pūrongo a OBB kua ruarua te nui o ngā taonga i runga i te ara Vienna anake. Ehara i te mea he kōrero ā-rohe noa te Huarahi Hiraka Hou, engari he hanganga whakahaere mahi ka taea e ngā kawemai o Austria te whakamahi i ēnei rā i roto i ngā tikanga mahi.
Ahakoa he kawemai hou koe e tūhura ana i ō huarahi kē atu, he kaiwhakahaere ratonga kawe waka mohio rānei e arotake ana i tō wehenga momo waka i runga i ngā raruraru o ngā utanga moana o nā tata nei, he mea tika kia aro nui ki te rerewē mai i Haina ki Austria. Ina whakahaerea e te hoa utanga tika te uauatanga, ka nui ake pea te kaha o tō mekameka tuku, ka whakaiti i te utu taunga katoa, ā, ka tere ake te kawe i ō taonga ki te mākete.
FAQs
P: Kia pēhea te roa o te wā e tukuna ai ngā utanga tereina mai i Haina ki Austria, mai i te tatau ki te tatau?
A: Ko te roa o te haerenga mai i te teihana ki te teihana he 14 ki te 22 ngā rā, i runga i te tāone wehenga me te huarahi haere. Kei roto i tēnei ko te kohikohinga mai i Haina me te tukunga whakamutunga ki roto i Austria. Whakamaherehia kia 18-28 ngā rā katoa. He pai ake tēnei i ngā rā 35-45 i runga i te utanga moana i ngā wā noa, ā, neke atu i te 45 ngā rā mēnā ka mutu te haere o te moana mā te huri i te ara mā te Cape of Good Hope.
P: He nui ake te utu o te utanga tereina mai i Haina ki Austria i te utanga moana?
Āe, tata ki te 2 ki te 3 ngā wā o te utu o te utanga moana FCL, mō ia ipu. Engari ina tāpirihia ngā utu pupuri taonga, ngā utu mō ngā whakaroa o te utanga moana, me te painga o te kore e rere i roto i ngā taonga ohorere, he maha ngā wā ka whakataetae te utu taunga katoa o te tereina mō ngā utanga wā-poto, ngā utanga uara nui rānei.
Q: Ko ēhea ngā taonga e tino pai ana mō te ara rerewē o Haina-Ateria?
A: Ko ngā taputapu hiko, ngā kākahu, ngā wāhanga waka, ngā taonga whakapaipai o te wā, ngā taonga whakatairanga rānei, me ngā hua kaihoko te nuinga o te wā e pai ana. He tino ātaahua te rerewē ina he nui rawa te utu o te hua, he roa rānei te wā e tika ana kia tukuna mā te moana, engari kāore e ranea te uara mō ia kirokaramu hei whakamārama i te utu o te utanga rererangi.
P: Ka pāngia ngā kaipuke tereina i waenganui i a Haina me Austria e te pakanga i waenganui i a Rūhia me Ukraine?
A: Kei te tuwhera tonu te Ara ki te Raki mā Rūhia, engari kei te whakamahi ētahi kamupene inihua i ngā kupu mōrearea pakanga. Kāore a Rūhia i te Ara Waenga puta noa i Kazakhstan, te Moana Caspian me Turkey, ā, kua piki ake te kaha mai i te tau 2022. Kei te wātea ngā mea e rua, ā, ka taea e tō kaituku utanga te tohutohu ko tēhea te mea e pai ana mō tō kōtaha mōrearea.
P: He aha ngā whakaritenga tikanga tāke e pā ana ki ngā taonga e tae mai ana ki Austria mā runga tereina?
A: E whai ana a Austria i ngā ture tikanga a te EU? Ae, e herea ana a Austria e te Ture Tikanga a te Kotahitanga o te EU. Me whai nama EORI ngā kawemai, te whakarōpūtanga waehere HS tika, he whakapuakitanga tika o te uara tikanga me te kōnae VAT kawemai. Mā te mahi tahi me tētahi kaikawe utanga mātau e whakahaere ana i te whakawātea tikanga a te EU, pērā i a Topway Shipping, ka whakaitihia ngā whakaroa me ngā whiu e pā ana ki ngā hapa a te kawemai tuatahi.
