He aha ngā Kawemai o Serbia e Huri Mārire ana i ngā Kaiwhakarato o te EU ki ngā Wheketere Haina
I roto i ngā rūma huna o ngā umanga kawemai o Serbia, kei te puta he panonitanga – ehara i te mea nui, ehara i te mea pō kotahi, engari he āta haere, he whai tikanga. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere hoko i waea atu ki ngā kaihoko rongonui o te EU i mua, kei te whakapau kaha inaianei ki ngā papaaho B2B Hainamana, e tono ana i ngā tauira wheketere me te whakatairite i ngā utu utanga. He panonitanga marino tēnei nā te mea he mahi whaihua, ehara i te mea tōrangapū. Ko ngā tau matapōkere te mea e akiaki ana: te whakahekenga utu, te Whakaaetanga Tauhokohoko Koreutu hou o Haina-Serbia, me te tipu haere o ngā ratonga kawe taonga e whakaiti ana i te whakamataku o te mekameka tuku mai i Haina-Serbia i tōna āhua o mua.
I konei, ka tirohia e tātou te take o tēnei panonitanga, ngā raraunga e tautoko ana i tēnei, ko ēhea ngā kāwai hua e tere haere ana, me pēhea hoki e taea ai e ngā kawemai o Serbia te whakatau i ngā wero mahi o te hoko mai i ngā wheketere Haina – tae atu ki ngā hanganga whakahaere e taea ai ēnei mea katoa.
Kāore ngā Tau e teka: Te pikinga ake o te wāhi o Haina i roto i ngā kawemai a Serbian
Ko te tapeke o te tauhokohoko i waenganui i a Serbia me Haina i te tau 2014 he tata ki te USD 1.5 piriona – he moni nui kē tēnei mō tētahi whenua he rite te rahi ki a Serbia. Kua piki taua nama ki te USD 6.1 piriona i te tau 2023. I whai mai ko te tau 2024, ā, ko te pikinga nui rawa atu tēnei i roto i te tekau tau neke atu. I eke te tapeke o te tauhokohoko ki te USD 7.4 piriona, me ngā kawemai a Serbia mai i Haina kua piki ki te USD 5.55 piriona, arā, 11.3% o ngā kawemai katoa a Serbia. Ehara i te mākete tuarua iti. Ko Haina tēnā hei puna kawemai tuarua nui rawa atu a Serbia i muri i a Tiamana.
E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i COMTRADE mō te tau 2024, ehara i te mea ko ngā taonga kaihoko iti te utu anake te ranunga hua mai i Haina. Ko ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu hikohiko te hua tino kawemai me te USD 1.13 piriona, ā, whai muri ko ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu ahumahi me te USD 918.88 miriona, e ai ki ngā raraunga mai i COMTRADE mō te tau 2024. Ko ngā waka, ngā kirihou, ngā taonga maitai me te konumohe te mea e whakaoti ana i te pikitia o Haina e piki haere ana te whakarato i te pou tuara ahumahi o Serbia, ehara i te mea ko ōna whata hokohoko anake.
Ripanga 1: Ngā Kāwai Kawemai Matua o Serbia mai i Haina (2024)
| Kāwai hua | Uara Kawemai (2024) | % o ngā kawemai o Haina |
| Ngā Taputapu Hiko me te Hikohiko | $ 1.13 Pene | ~ 20.4% |
| Ngā Mīhini me ngā Tauhohenga Karihi | $ 918.88 Miriona | ~ 16.6% |
| Ngā waka (ehara i te reriwe) | $ 184.84 Miriona | ~ 3.3% |
| kirihou | $ 190.07 Miriona | ~ 3.4% |
| Ngā Taonga Rino, Maitai rānei | $ 197.71 Miriona | ~ 3.6% |
| Taonga me ngā Rama | $ 122.45 Miriona | ~ 2.2% |
| Ngā Taonga Tākaro, Ngā Kēmu me Ngā Hākinakina | $ 78.25 Miriona | ~ 1.4% |
| Tapeke (ngā kāwai katoa) | $ 5.55 Pene | 100 orau |
Puna: Pūtake Raraunga UN COMTRADE, 2024
Ripanga 2: Te Tipu o te Rōrahi Hokohoko i waenganui i a Serbia me Haina (2014–2024)
| tau | Te Rahi Hokohoko ā-Rohe | Ngā Kawemai Serbian mai i Haina | YoY Huri |
| 2014 | ~$1.5 piriona | ~$1.49 piriona | - |
| 2021 | ~$3.8 piriona | ~$3.0 piriona | Te piki tere |
| 2023 | $ 6.1 Pene | ~$4.5 piriona | + 13% |
| 2024 | $ 7.4 Pene | $ 5.55 Pene | + 22% |
Puna: Tari Tatauranga o te Repupiripia o Serbia; COMTRADE, 2025
Te Whakaaetanga Hokohoko Koreutu: Te Wāhi Whakamutunga Kāore i Kōrerohia e te Tangata
Ko te Whakaaetanga Tauhokohoko Koreutu a Haina-Herbia, koinei te whakaaetanga hokohoko kore utu tuatahi i hainatia e Haina me tetahi whenua o Ūropi Waenganui me te Rawhiti, i tīmata mana i te 1 o Hūrae, 2024. I taua rā, i tangohia tonutia ngā taake mō te tata ki te 60% o ngā kāwai hua, ā, i whakaroahia te toenga i roto i ngā tau e rima ki te tekau. Ko te whāinga whakamutunga a te kawanatanga kia kore he taake mō te tata ki te 95% o ngā taonga hokohoko katoa.
He mea tino nui tēnei mō ngā kai kawemai o Serbia. I mua i te FTA, ko te toharite o ngā takoha kawemai mō ngā hua Haina e tomo ana ki Serbia he 12% (me te awhe 0-30%, i runga i te hua). Te whakakore i ngā takoha mō ngā motuka, ngā waeine pūngao rā, ngā pākahiko lithium, ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā mīhini me ngā rauemi ātete ahi ki te kore. Kua tino heke te utu whenua whai hua o ēnei hua mai i te Hōngongoi 2024, ā, ka haere tonu te mahi pera i runga i te wā kua whakaritea i te mea ka whakahekehia ngā takoha i roto i ngā tau e whai ake nei.
Ehara i te mea he tohu ā-ture noa iho tēnei – engari kei te whakarerekē i ngā utu o ngā hanganga. Ko te kamupene kawemai taputapu mīhini e titiro ana ki tētahi taputapu mīhini Hainamana ki tētahi mīhini Tiamana, kei roto i tētahi ao kua tino heke te utu tāke. Kei te tīmata te pāngarau ki Haina i roto i ētahi momo kāwai hua, kāore i rite i ngā tau e rua ki muri.
He aha i hinga ai ngā kaiwhakarato o te EU: He tirohanga whakataurite
Ehara i te mea ngaro te rerekētanga whakataetae i roto i ngā porowhita pakihi o Serbia. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato kei te EU, inā koa i Tiamana, Itari me Austria, he hanganga utu e whakaata ana i ngā utu mahi o Ūropi ki te Hauāuru, ngā utu pūngao me ngā utu whakahaere ture. Mō ngā hua taonga me ngā hua iti-taonga pēnei i ngā wāhanga hiko tuku iho, ngā whakapiri ahumahi, ngā rauemi takai kirihou, ngā taputapu maitai, ngā wāhanga mīhini, ngā hiko kaihoko me ngā taonga whakapaipai, ka tukuna tonutia e ngā kamupene Haina ngā utu wāhanga 15 ki te 40 ōrau te iti iho, i ētahi wā he nui ake.
I ngā rāngai e kore e taea te whiriwhiri i te haere tonu o ngā whanaungatanga, te whai i ngā ture me ngā huringa whakakī tere rawa, ka mau tonu ngā painga tūturu ki ngā kaiwhakarato o te EU. Ko te kaihanga kai Serbian e hoko ana i ngā takai kua whakamanahia e te HACCP mō ngā taonga ka kaweake ki te EU, tera pea ka pai ake ki te kaiwhakarato Itari. Ko te kamupene rongoā me ngā wero ture i roto i te EU, e kore e tere te huri ki Haina mō tana puna whakauru hohe. Engari he motuhake, he iti ngā wāhi nei. Kei te huri te tātaitanga mō te ao whānui o te hokohoko whānui, ngā hua kaihoko, ngā rauemi hanga, ngā hikohiko me ngā taonga ahumahi e neke ana i roto i ngā kaituku me ngā kaihokohoko Serbian.
Ripanga 3: Ngā Kaiwhakarato o te EU me ngā Wheketere Hainamana — Whakataurite Matua mō ngā Kawemai o Serbia
| Tuhinga | Ngā Kaiwhakarato o te EU | Nga wheketere Hainamana |
| Unit Price | Teitei ake — ngā utu mahi me ngā utu whakahaere | 15–40% te iti iho i ngā taonga rite |
| Ngā utu (mai i te tau 2024) | Te urunga ki te CEFTA/EU, ngā utu paerewa | FTA: 60%+ ngā taonga ka kore utu taake tonu |
| Wā Lead | 1–2 wiki (whenua tata) | 3–6 wiki (waka moana) |
| MOQ ngawari | He maha ngā wā he pakari | Teitei — Ngā kōwhiringa LCL/FCL |
| Awhe hua | Motuhake / motuhake | Tino whānui - te pūtake kotahi-mutunga |
| Ngā utu | Kupenga 30–60 | 30% tāpui, toenga ki te BL |
| Te Tauritenga Kounga | Te nuinga teitei | Te whakapai ake — kua tohutohuhia kia arotakehia te wheketere |
Puna: Tātari ahumahi; MOFCOM; CFC Logistics; kohinga a te kaituhi
Ko te mea tino miharo i te tau 2024 me te tau 2025 ko te nekehanga o ngā kāwai i mua ko ngā pā o te pono ki te EU. Ko ngā kāwai i roa ai te mana o ngā kaiwhakarato Tiamana, Austrian rānei i te mākete Serbian – ngā taputapu hiko, ngā whakawhiti hiko, ngā taputapu hiko – kei te kite inaianei i te urunga nui mai o ngā mea rite ki Haina, inā koa kei te haumi ngā waitohu Haina ki ngā tiwhikete kounga me ngā tuhinga hua e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa hangarau Serbian me te EU.
Te Wero o te Whakahaere Rautaki — me te Āhua o te Whakatau
Ko te raruraru nui rawa atu a ngā kai kawemai o Serbia ki te hoko mai i Haina ehara i te utu – engari ko te uaua, i roto i ngā kōrero o mua. Kāore te tuku kaipuke mai i Guangdong ki Belgrade i rite ki te tango waea atu ki tētahi kaiwhakarato Tiamana me te whakarite i tētahi taraka mō te Taite e tū mai nei. He wātaka mō ngā utanga moana, ngā tukanga mō te whakawātea tauranga, ngā hiahia mō ngā tuhinga, te whakawhiti moni, me te tūponotanga tonu o te rerekētanga kounga i te tawhiti o te 9,000 km.
He tūturu te raruraru engari kua tino whakaitihia e te pakihi kawe taonga e mahi ana i te huarahi Haina-ki-Te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti-Ūropi. Ko ngā uta ipu mai i ngā tauranga Haina ka tukuna ki ngā tauranga i Ūropi hei tomokanga – ko Koper, Slovenia, ko Bar rānei, Montenegro – kātahi ka haria mā te uta rori ki Serbia. Ko te roanga o te whakawhiti mai i te tatau ki te tatau he 28 ki te 42 rā, i runga i te pukumahi o te tauranga me te rā whakakotahi. Mō ngā kawemai taonga kua whakaritea, ā, he nui te wā ārahi, he tino taea tēnei.
Ngā Ara Whakahaere mai i Haina ki Serbia
Ko te huarahi e tino whakamahia ana mō ngā utanga whānui ko Shenzhen, Ningbo, Shanghai rānei mā te Awa o Suez ki ngā tauranga o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, kātahi ka uta ki ngā Balkans ki te Hauāuru. Mā te tuku kaipuke LCL (Less-than-Container-Load) ka taea te whakamahi i ngā ota iti ake mō ngā kawemai SME Serbian kāore e taea te whakakī i tētahi ipu 20-putu, 40-putu rānei. Mā ngā ratonga whakakotahi ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā tuku mai i ngā kaituku rerekē, ko te tikanga ka taea e te kaituku i Belgrade e tono ana i te 500 waeine o tētahi hua te tohatoha i tētahi ipu me ētahi atu kaihoko, ā, ka utua noa iho mō ngā mita pūtoru e whakamahia ana e rātou.
Kua whakararuraru ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū ā-rohe mai i te tau 2022 i te tipu o ripa tere mai i Haina i te ara Belt and Road mā Rūhia me Ūropi ki te Rawhiti, engari ko te ara moana-me-rori he kōwhiringa pono me te utu whakataetae mō te nuinga o ngā kāwai taonga.
Topway Shipping: He Hoa Whakahaere i Hangaia mō tēnei Ara
Ki ngā kai kawemai o Serbia, he mea nui te kimi i te wheketere tika, engari he mea nui anō hoki te whiriwhiri i te hoa mahi tika i a rātou e whakatere ana i te huringa hoko mai i Haina. Koinei te wāhi e whai wāhi mai ai a Topway Shipping.
I whakatūria a Topway Shipping i te tau 2010, kei Shenzhen te turanga, te pokapū o te pūnaha hanga me te kaweake o Haina, ā, neke atu i te tekau mā rima tau te roa o tā rātou mahi ki te waihanga i te tohungatanga ki ngā mahi kawe me te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tuku iho. Neke atu i te 15 tau te wheako o tā mātou tīma whakatū i roto i ngā mahi kawe o te ao, inā koa ki te whakahaere i ngā tikanga tuku iho Hainamana, te tiwhikete takenga mai, me ngā wero ture maha-whenua.
Ina koa mō ngā kai kawemai o Serbia, ko te uara o Topway e kapi ana i te mekameka tuku katoa. I te taha o Haina, ka whakahaerehia e rātou te wāhanga tuatahi o te kawe mai i ngā ahumahi i Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu me ētahi atu kawanatanga hanga matua ki ngā tauranga wehenga. Ka whakarite rātou i ngā tuhinga tikanga kaweake, ka mahi tahi me ngā kaituku utanga ki te tuhi utanga moana FCL, LCL rānei, ā, ka whakarite kia tika te whakarite i ngā pepa Tiwhikete Taketake FTA — he taahiraa nui hei whakarite kia whiwhi ngā kaihoko Serbia i ngā painga kore-taake o te FTA Haina-Serbia.
Mā roto i ana mahi putunga ki tāwāhi me ana āheinga tuku whakamutunga, ka whakarite a Topway kia kaua ngā taonga e tae noa mai ki te tauranga – ka taea te pupuri i roto i ngā hanganga putunga ā-rohe, ka tukuna ki ngā ūnga whakamutunga ki Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, ki hea atu rānei i Serbia i runga i ngā hiahia o te kaihoko kawemai. He mea nui rawa tēnei ngāwari mō ngā kaituku, me whakataurite i te auau pōturi o te taenga mai o ngā ipu ki te tono tonu mai i ngā kaihokohoko.
Ripanga 4: Topway Shipping — Ngā Ratonga e Wātea ana mō ngā Tukunga e Haere Ana ki Serbia
| ratonga | Whakaahuatanga |
| FCL Ocean Freight | Ngā utaina ki ngā ipu katoa mai i Haina ki ngā tauranga nui o te ao tae atu ki a Bar (Montenegro) / Koper (Slovenia) mō ngā kawemai Serbian |
| LCL waka moana | Ratonga ngāwari mō ngā ipu iti-uta — he mea pai mō ngā kaihoko Serbian iti ki te rahinga waenga e whakakotahi ana i ngā ota mai i ngā wheketere maha |
| Hoko Ritenga | Ngā tuhinga tikanga tāke mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga, te tautoko i te tiwhikete takenga FTA, me te arotau i te taake |
| Te Kawe Waewae Tuatahi | Te kohikohinga wheketere puta noa i ngā pokapū ahumahi matua o Haina (Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong) |
| Whare Putunga ki Tawahi | Te whare putunga here me te whare putunga whānui i ngā pokapū kawe waka mō te pupuri taonga me te whakakotahi i ngā ota |
| Tukunga Maero Whakamutunga | Te whakarite tukunga mai i te tatau ki te tatau ki ngā tāone o Serbia: Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, Kragujevac, me tua atu |
Puna: Topway Shipping (topwayshipping.com)
He mea nui te mākete o Serbia mō te whakakotahitanga o ngā kōwhiringa LCL me FCL ngāwari. Ko te hapori kawemai i Serbia he mea tito mai i ngā pakihi o ngā rahi katoa – mai i ngā kaihokohoko nui e tono ana i ngā ipu kī tonu o ngā hikohiko kaihoko ki ngā kaihokohoko rarawe iti e tono ana i ētahi papa iti o ngā wāhanga taputapu. "Ko te kaha o Topway ki te whakatutuki i ngā kāwai e rua me te kore e akiaki i ngā kaihoko iti ki ngā herenga nui ka waiho hei hoa whai hua mō ngā umanga he rerekē ngā taumata whakauru ki te hoko mai i Haina.
Ngā Wāhanga e Tere Ana te Huringa
Tērā ētahi kāwai hua e tere ake ana te neke ki ngā taonga kawemai a Haina i ētahi atu i Serbia. Kua roa te ao hikohiko me ngā taputapu whare e whakamahia ana e Haina i Serbia, ā, kua piki ake taua ia i te mea e tipu haere ana te tapuwae tohatoha a ngā kaihanga pēnei i a Haier, Midea, TCL me Xiaomi i Serbia. Ko tētahi atu kāwai e tere haere ana ko ngā rauemi hanga, inā koa ko ngā kōtaha konumohe, ngā taputapu maitai, ngā taera uku me ngā taputapu hiko, nā te kaha o te rāngai hanga me te hanganga o Serbia.
He rāngai hua hou ngā taputapu pūngao rā, engari kei te tere te tipu. He kaha te tono mō ngā panera rā, ngā inverters me ngā otinga tāutanga i Serbia. Nā ngā kaupapa whakatenatena me ngā whāinga pūngao whakahou, kua tata te katoa o te mākete e tukuna ana e Haina i ngā utu kāore e taea e tētahi atu kaiwhakataetae Pākehā te whakataurite. Nā te whakamahinga o ngā whakahekenga taripa FTA ki ngā taputapu rā, kua tino ātaahua te ōhanga o ngā photovoltaics mai i Haina mō ngā kaiwhakauru Serbian.
Kua roa ngā kamupene kawemai kakahu me ngā kākahu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā mahi hanga Hainamana, engari kua pai ake te whai huatanga o ngā tuhinga kawemai ōkawa me te tutuki i ngā takoha nā te FTA. Ko tētahi atu rerenga e tipu haere ana ko ngā mīhini ahumahi, inā koa mō ngā mahi rakau, te tukatuka kai me te mahi whakarewa SME, i te mea kei te kite ngā rangatira wheketere Serbian kei te tuku ngā kaihanga taputapu mīhini Hainamana i ngā āheinga kounga taputapu me te tautoko i muri i te hoko e tata ana ki ngā paerewa Pākehā i ngā utu iti iho.
Ngā Mōrearea me Whakahaere e ngā Kaihoko Kawemai o Serbia
He tūponotanga tūturu te huri ki te hoko mai i Haina, ā, he maha ngā wā ka kitea e ngā kaikawemai e uru mai ana me te kore whakarite he ohorere kino. Ko te uauatanga e whakahuatia pinepinetia ana ko te pumau o te kounga. Kua tino piki ake te kounga o te hanga Hainamana i roto i te tekau tau kua pahure ake nei, engari ehara i te mea he kounga teitei tonu - ko te wheketere e whakaputa ana i ngā taonga pai rawa atu mō tētahi OEM nui o Ūropi ka whakaputa pea i ngā taonga iti iho i te paerewa mō ngā kaihoko kāore anō kia arotakehia. I mua i te tuku ota nui, me haumi ngā kaikawemai Serbian ki ngā arotake wheketere, ngā ratonga tirotiro kounga i mua i te tukunga me ngā tuhinga taipitopito.
Ko tētahi atu whakaaro nui ko te mōrearea moni me te utu. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaiwhakarato Hainamana i runga i te 30% o te moni tāpui me te toenga ka utua i mua i te tukunga, ko te tikanga ka whakapaua tō whakapaipai i mua i te tirotiro, i te whiwhinga rānei o ngā taonga. Ka taea te whakaiti i tēnei tūponotanga, engari kāore e taea te whakakore, mā te mahi tahi me ngā hoa mahi kawe taonga kua whakapumautia me te whakamahi tika i ngā taputapu pūtea hokohoko.
"Me aro atu ki ngā take mō te taonga hinengaro me te tutuki i ngā ture, inā koa mō ngā kamupene Serbian e kaweake ana i ngā hua ki ngā mākete o te EU. "Ko ngā hua i hangaia i Haina hei kaweake anō mai i Serbia me tutuki ki ngā paerewa hangarau a te EU i ngā wā e tika ana, ā, me tino piri ngā tuhinga mō te takenga mai kia kore ai e raruraru ngā ture i ngā rohe o te EU. Ko ngā paearu ture takenga mai o te FTA Haina-Serbia, e kī ana i te nuinga o te wā kia ahu mai i te whenua kaweake te iti rawa 50% o te uara o ngā taonga kaweake, ka whai hua pea ki ngā umanga e whakamahi ana i ngā whakaurunga Hainamana mō te hanga Serbian."
Hei whakamutunga, ko te roa o te mekameka tuku he roa ake te wā e ora ake ai ngā aukatinga – ahakoa he pupūnga o te tauranga, he aukati i ngā mahi kawe, he āhuatanga kino rānei – i ngā aukatinga rite tonu i roto i te mekameka tuku o Ūropi. Me waihanga e ngā kawemai e hoko mai ana i Haina ngā tikanga whakahaere pēnei i te taonga haumaru me ngā pae whakamahere whānui.
Ngā Kōrero a ngā Raraunga mō te Ara o te Ao kei te heke mai
Kei te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakatinanatanga o te FTA Haina-Herbia. Kāore anō kia tīmata ngā whakahekenga utu mō ngā tau rua ki te tekau o te whakaaetanga, ko te tikanga ka piki ake ngā painga utu e whiwhihia ana e ngā kai kawemai o Herbia i tēnei rā i te pakeketanga o te whakaaetanga. Engari i te mea he rerekētanga tau kotahi, ko te tūranga o Haina hei puna kawemai tuarua nui rawa atu mō Herbia – i whakaūtia i te tau 2024 me ngā kawemai e $5.55 piriona te uara – te āhua nei he pumau te hanganga.
He mea nui anō hoki ki te āhuatanga ko te whai wāhi a Haina ki te FDI i Serbia. I tēnei wā, e 10.5% o te FDI katoa i Serbia te nui o Haina, ā, kua nui te haumi a ngā kamupene Haina ki te maina, te whakarewa me te hanganga o Serbia. Mā ēnei haumi ka hangaia he hononga mekameka tuku me ngā hononga pakihi e pai ake ai, e whai wheako ai hoki ngā umanga Serbian ki te mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakataetae Hainamana. Ka piki ake te pānga o te mōhio: ko te kaihoko kua angitu ki te tiki rauemi mā te hononga tahi Serbian-Haina mō tā rātou hoa Hainamana ka nui ake te hiahia ki te whakawhānui i te tiki tika mai i ngā kamupene Haina.
Kei te whanake haere te poutokomanawa o te hanganga e tautoko ana i te huarahi mai i Haina ki te Hauāuru o Balkans i te taha o te whakahaere. Kua pai ake te kounga o ngā ratonga a ngā pakihi tuku taonga e mahi ana ki tēnei ara, kua auau ake te roa o te whakawhiti, ā, kua māmā ake te kawenga tuhinga i te mea kua tukatukahia e ngā tari tikanga i ngā taha e rua ngā uta mai i Haina, ā, kua whiwhi mātauranga whakahaere ki ngā rerenga.
Opaniraa
Ko tāu e kite nei i Serbia he panonitanga puku i roto i te kimi i ngā kawemai. Ehara tēnei i te kaupapa whakaaro, kaupapa ā-whenua rānei, engari he pāngarau kore aroha o ngā utu whenua, ngā rārangi taripa me te pakeketanga o te mekameka tuku. Kua tino whakarerekētia e te Whakaaetanga Tauhokohoko Koreutu Haina-Serbia te whakatairite utu i waenga i ngā kaiwhakarato Hainamana me te EU mō te whānuitanga o ngā kāwai hua. Kei te āta mahi ngā kaikawe mai Serbia i tēnei panonitanga, kāwai mā te kāwai, e whakamātautau ana i te kounga, e hanga ana i te pūkenga whakahaere me te whakahaere i ngā mōrearea o te mekameka tuku roa ake.
Mō te hunga e whakaaro ana ki tēnei panonitanga, he māmā noa iho te akoranga: tīmata ki ngā wāhanga kei reira ngā mahi hanga Hainamana e tino pakari ana, ā, ko te kounga e tino matapaetia ana, whakatūria te tirotiro wheketere tika me te tirotiro i mua i te tuku, kia tika ai ngā tuhinga FTA kia whai hua ai i ngā penapena takoha, ā, mahi tahi me tētahi hoa mahi kawe taonga e mārama ana ki te ara whakawhiti i waenganui i a Haina me Serbia mai i te papa wheketere ki te tatau o te whare putunga.
Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai ngā kamupene pēnei i a Topway Shipping. Neke atu i te 15 tau o te wheako kawe taonga whakawhiti-rohe, ka hipokina e te otinga pito-ki-te-pito a Topway ngā mea katoa mai i te kohikohinga tipu tuatahi i Haina tae atu ki te whakakorenga tikanga ki te tuku whakamutunga i Serbia, e tango ana i te uauatanga o te mahi i roto i tēnei nekehanga. Kua mutu te wā o te hanga Hainamana hei kōwhiringa tawhiti, mōrearea hoki ki ngā kaiwhakarato EU. Mō te tini o ngā kawemai Serbian, ko Haina kē te mākete pūtake matua – ā, kāore te ia e hoki whakamuri.
FAQs
P: Ka pā aunoa te FTA Haina-Herbia ki ngā taonga katoa?
A: Kāore. Me whakarato ngā kaikawemai i tētahi Tiwhikete Taketake whai mana i tukuna i raro i te FTA kia taea ai e rātou te whai hua mai i ngā reiti taripa pai. Me tutuki ngā taonga i ngā whakaritenga ture takenga mai – i te nuinga o te wā, me ahu mai i Haina te 50% o te uara o te hua. He mea tino nui te mahi tahi me tētahi kaituku taonga mātau e taea ai te whakarato i ngā tuhinga CO tika.
P: Kia pēhea te roa o te tuku taonga mai i Haina ki Serbia mā te moana?
A: Ko te roanga o te haerenga ki ngā utanga moana mā runga ipu mai i ngā tauranga nui o Haina (Shenzhen, Shanghai, Ningbo) ki Serbia mā Koper, Bar rānei, e 28 ki te 42 rā te roa, mai i te tatau ki te tatau. Ka pāngia pea te wā e ngā take pēnei i te noho puku o te tauranga, te whakaritenga whakakotahitanga o ngā LCL me te whakawhiti ki roto. He maha ngā whakaaro mō te whakamahere i ngā taonga me te ārai haumaru e 6 wiki.
P: He mea whai hua te LCL (Less-than-Container-Load) mō ngā kawemai iti o Serbia?
Āe. Ko te LCL he mea hanga mō ngā kaikawemai kāore i te rahinga hei whakakī i tētahi ipu katoa. Ka whakakotahi ngā kaikawe utanga i ngā utanga maha a ngā kaikawe ki roto i te ipu kotahi, ā, ko ia kaipuke ka utu noa i te wāhi e whakamahia ana e rātou. Mā tēnei ka taea e Haina te tiki taonga mō ngā SME Serbian mai i ngā rahi ota iti.
Q: Me pēhea taku manatoko i te kounga o tētahi wheketere Hainamana i mua i te tuku i tētahi ota nui?
A: Ko te huarahi paerewa ko te tono mō ngā pūrongo arotake wheketere, te tono tauira hua i mua i te tuku ota arumoni me te tono te tirotiro i mua i te tuku mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato whakahaere kounga tuatoru (hei tauira, SGS, Bureau Veritas, QIMA). He tino taunaki kia tīmata me ngā ota whakamātautau iti ake i mua i te whakanui ake i te rahinga.
Q: He aha ngā ratonga e tukuna ana e Topway Shipping mō ngā tuku ki Serbia?
A: Kei a Topway Shipping tētahi mekameka whakahaere katoa e uru ana ki te kawe waka wheketere tuatahi, te utanga moana FCL me te LCL, te whakakorenga tikanga kaweake ki Haina, te whare putunga ki tāwāhi, te āwhina tikanga kawemai me te tuku whakamutunga ki ngā ūnga puta noa i Serbia. Ko te kamupene, i whakatūria i te tau 2010, ā, kei Shenzhen tōna tari matua, e mahi ana i te hokohoko ipurangi me te whakahaere ratonga B2B mai i Haina ki ngā wāhi o te ao.
