Ogulitsa a Amazon FBA: Momwe Mungatumizire Zinthu Kuchokera ku China Mwachindunji Ku Tacoma Warehouses
Introduction
Kutumiza katundu ku malo osungiramo katundu ku US mwachangu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zovuta kwambiri pa bizinesi ya amalonda a Amazon FBA omwe amagula katundu kuchokera ku China. Doko la Los Angeles ndi Long Beach nthawi zambiri zimakopa chidwi cha anthu onse, koma Doko la Tacoma ku Washington State likukhala limodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri ogulira katundu ku West Coast FBA.
Tacoma ili ku Pacific Northwest ndipo ili ndi mwayi wopita mwachindunji ku malo ochitira zinthu ku Amazon m'dera la Seattle/Kent (makamaka FC code SEA6) ndi malo oyandikana nawo a Pacific Northwest. Ili ndi magalimoto ochepa poyerekeza ndi madoko aku Southern California. Ngati wogulitsa wanu ali ku Guangdong, Zhejiang, kapena chigawo cha Fujian ndipo katundu wanu wa Amazon akupita ku Pacific Northwest FCs, kudutsa ku Tacoma kungakupulumutseni nthawi, ndalama, ndi mavuto ambiri.
Phunziroli likukuuzani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa, kuyambira momwe mungasankhire njira yabwino yotumizira ndikulongedza zinthu zanu kuti zikwaniritse miyezo ya FBA, mpaka momwe mungadutse pamisonkhano ya US ku Tacoma ndikulowetsa katundu wanu pakhomo la nyumba yosungiramo katundu popanda kukanidwa.
Chifukwa Chake Port of Tacoma Imakhala Yomveka kwa Ogulitsa a FBA
Doko la Tacoma ndi Doko la Seattle zimayendetsa Northwest Seaport Alliance (NWSA) pamodzi. Izi zimapanga doko lachinayi lalikulu kwambiri la zotengera ku West Coast ku US. Ubwino wake ndi weniweni komanso wothandiza kwa ogulitsa Amazon FBA.
Choyamba, zimatenga masiku pafupifupi 14 mpaka 18 kuti katundu apite kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China (Shenzhen, Ningbo, Shanghai) kupita ku Tacoma. Izi ndi zofanana ndi Los Angeles, koma pali mwayi wochepa wodzaza madoko. Poyerekeza ndi zaka zoyambirira za mliriwu, kuchepa kwa madoko aku West Coast kunachepa mu 2024-2025, zomwe zinapangitsa Tacoma kukhala chisankho chodalirika. Chachiwiri, dokoli lili pamtunda wa makilomita 30 mpaka 35 kuchokera ku malo ochitira zinthu a SEA6 ku Kent, Washington, omwe amachepetsa mtengo ndi nthawi yomwe magalimoto amatengera kuti akafike kudoko. Kwa ogulitsa omwe katundu wawo amatumizidwa ku Pacific Northwest FCs, kuyandikana kumeneku ndi phindu lenileni la ndalama.
Seattle/Tacoma ndi malo olowera kwambiri otumizira katundu wa FBA ku West Coast. Manambala a malo okwaniritsira zinthu ndi SEA6 (Kent, WA) ndi PDX9 (Troutdale, OR) ndi zitsanzo za ma code omwe aperekedwa kuderali. Ngati njira ya Amazon ikupatsani Northwest FC, Tacoma ndiye khomo labwino kwambiri lolowera.
Kusankha Njira Yoyenera Yotumizira
Si njira zonse zotumizira zomwe zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi FBA. Kusankha kwanu kumadalira kuchuluka kwa katundu womwe muli nawo, momwe mukufunira mwachangu, komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe muli nazo. Nayi kufananiza kothandiza:
| Njira Yotumizira | Nthawi Yoyendera (China → Tacoma) | Zabwino Kwambiri | Mtengo woyerekeza |
|---|---|---|---|
| FCL Ocean Freight | Masiku 14-18 | Mavoliyumu akuluakulu (chidebe cha 20ft/40ft) | $1,200–$2,500 pachidebe chilichonse |
| LCL Ocean Freight | Masiku 18-25 | Ma voliyumu ang'onoang'ono apakati (1–15 CBM) | $80–$120 pa CBM |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 5-8 | Katundu wofulumira, wamtengo wapatali, komanso wolemera pang'ono | $ 5- $ 9 pa kg |
| Express Courier (DHL/UPS/FedEx) | Masiku 3-5 | Maoda ang'onoang'ono oyesa osakwana 100 kg | $ 8- $ 15 pa kg |
Kwa ogulitsa ambiri a FBA omwe amafunika kubwezeretsanso zinthu nthawi zonse, LCL katundu wapanyanja ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yogulira zinthu zochepa, pomwe FCL ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yogulira zinthu zambiri chifukwa imadula mtengo wotsika kwambiri pa CBM iliyonse. Kutumiza katundu ndi ma courier amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pobwezeretsa zinthu mwachangu kapena kuyambitsa zinthu zatsopano pamene kufika ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya FBA mwachangu ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa mtengo pa unit iliyonse.
Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kuganizira ndichakuti pa katundu wotumizidwa pansi pa 1 CBM, LCL yokhala ndi ntchito yapadera yomaliza ndiyo njira yosinthika komanso yotsika mtengo yotumizira; pa katundu wotumizidwa pakati pa 1 ndi 5 CBM, katundu wophatikizidwa wa panyanja ndiye ndalama zabwino kwambiri zogulira ndi nthawi yoyendera; ndipo pa katundu wotumizidwa wopitilira 5 CBM, FCL yonse ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yotumizira.
Gawo ndi Gawo: Kuchokera ku China Factory kupita ku Tacoma FBA Warehouse
Pali njira zingapo zofunika kuti zinthu zanu zichoke ku China kupita ku Amazon. Ngati mulibe zonse, katundu wanu akhoza kuchedwa, kukanidwa, kapena kulipitsidwa ndalama zowonjezera.
Gawo 1: Pangani Dongosolo Lanu Lotumizira la FBA ku Seller Central
Lowani mu Amazon Seller Central ndipo pangani dongosolo lotumizira katundu musanapake katundu kapena kutumiza chilichonse. Izi zimapatsa wotumiza wanu adilesi ya FC yopitako ndi zilembo za bokosi la FBA zomwe akufuna. Musayambe kulongedza katunduyo mpaka mutakhala ndi zilembozi. Amazon sidzalandira katundu aliyense wobwera ndi mapepala osowa kapena olakwika.
Malangizo othandiza ndi akuti ngati mupereka adilesi ya ogulitsa aku China mukapanga mapulani anu, muli ndi masiku 75 oti mutumize ku Amazon. Ngati mupereka adilesi ya doko ku US, zinthuzo ziyenera kufika ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya FBA mkati mwa masiku 45. Ngati mukutumiza panyanja kuchokera ku Tacoma, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito adilesi ya ogulitsa anu ngati poyambira.
Gawo 2: Onetsetsani kuti Mapaketi ndi Zolemba Zikugwirizana ndi FBA
Palibe malo okambirana pankhani ya malamulo a Amazon olongedza katundu. Chinthu chilichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi barcode yake ya FNSKU, ndipo katoni iliyonse yakunja iyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro chotumizira katundu cha Amazon chomwe ndi chosavuta kuwerenga ndi kusanthula. Makatoni ayenera kukhala olimba komanso osapitirira mainchesi 25, zomwe ndi malire a kukula kwa Amazon. Malinga ndi malamulo a Amazon, zinthu zomwe ndi zolemera kwambiri kapena zazikulu kwambiri ziyenera kuyikidwa pallet.
Kampani yanu yotumiza katundu kapena malo okonzekera katundu a anthu ena akhoza kusamalira kulemba zilembo, kusunga ma polybag, kukulunga thovu, ndi kukonza makatoni anu. Ngati mukugula katundu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa angapo, ndi bwino kuti onse apite kumalo amodzi okonzekera katundu ku China musananyamule katundu. Izi zidzakuthandizani kusunga ndalama zoyendera ndikuonetsetsa kuti aliyense akutsatira malamulo omwewo.
Gawo 3: Sankhani Malamulo Otumizira DDP
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogulitsira katundu wa FBA. Wotumiza katundu wanu adzayang'anira kulengeza kutumiza katundu ku China, kusungitsa katundu wa m'nyanja, kuchotsera msonkho ku US ku Tacoma, kulipira msonkho, ndikuyendetsa katunduyo kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya Amazon. Mumalipira mtengo umodzi ndikudikirira kuti chitsimikizo chakuti katunduyo walandiridwa.
Ngati musankha DAP (Delivered at Place), mudzakhala ndi udindo wolipira misonkho ndi misonkho phukusi likafika. Izi zitha kukhala zovuta kwa ogulitsa omwe alibe kampani yaku US kapena broker wa misonkho. kukhudzanaKusankha ntchito ya DDP kumapangitsa zinthu kukhala zosavuta, koma zingawononge ndalama zambiri pasadakhale.
Gawo 4: Kuchotsera kwa Misonkho ku US ku Port of Tacoma
Chidebe chanu chikafika ku Tacoma, broker wanu wa kasitomu (kapena wotumiza katundu yemwe amagwira ntchito ngati broker) adzapereka chikalata cholowera ku US Customs and Border Protection. Muyenera kukhala ndi mapepala otsatirawa okonzeka:
| Ndemanga | cholinga |
|---|---|
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Amalengeza mtengo wa katundu ndi kufotokozera |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Imalemba kuchuluka kwa makatoni, zolemera, ndi miyeso |
| Bill Yotsogolera (B / L) | Umboni wa kutumizidwa kwa nyanja |
| Kulemba kwa ISF (10+2) | Adasungidwa maola 24 sitimayo isananyamuke kuchokera ku China |
| Chidziwitso Chofika | Yoperekedwa ndi sitima yapamadzi sitima ikafika |
Lamulo lofunika kwambiri koma nthawi zina limanyalanyazidwa ndi lakuti, malinga ndi malamulo a kasitomu ku US, katunduyo, ma CD ake, ndi bokosi lakunja ziyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha dziko lomwe katunduyo anachokera. Ngati kasitomu ayang'ana katunduyo ndipo sakuona chizindikiro cha "Made in China", ayenera kulembedwanso chizindikiro, zomwe zidzawononge ndalama zambiri.
Gawo 5: Kuyenda ndi Magalimoto Omaliza Kupita ku Amazon FC
Zinthu zanu zikachotsedwa pa kasitomu, ziyenera kuyikidwa mgalimoto ndikuzipititsa ku malo oyenera ochitira zinthu ku Amazon. Kuchokera ku Tacoma, nthawi zambiri izi zimatenga nthawi yochepa kupita kumalo osungira katundu, komwe makontena okhala ndi pansi amasanduka ma pallet apakhomo. Pambuyo pake, FC imalandira katunduyo kudzera mu LTL kapena FTL.
Pa kutumiza katundu wa LTL ndi FTL, kampani yanu yonyamula katundu iyenera kukhazikitsa nthawi yotumizira katundu kudzera mu mawonekedwe a Amazon's Carrier Central. Ngati simuchita izi, phukusilo lidzachotsedwa pakhomo. Monga gawo la ntchito ya DDP, kampani yanu yotumiza katundu iyenera kukukonzerani nthawi imeneyi.
Ndalama Yogulira Zinthu Zolowera ku Amazon ya 2024–2025: Zomwe Zasintha ndi Kutanthauza Chiyani kwa Inu
Kusintha kwa ndalama zolipirira malo olowera ku Amazon kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2024 kunasintha momwe zinthu zimagawidwira m'malo onse ogulira. Ndalama zatsopanozi zimapatsa ogulitsa ndalama zambiri ngati alola Amazon kufalitsa zinthu zawo m'malo angapo osungiramo katundu. Ngati asankha kutumiza katundu wawo wonse ku malo amodzi osungiramo katundu, adzayenera kulipira zambiri.
M'moyo weniweni, izi zikutanthauza kuti kutumiza katundu wanu ku Tacoma ku Pacific Northwest FC imodzi kenako kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogawidwa a Amazon kungachepetse mtengo wanu wonse wofikira. Ogulitsa omwe amatumiza kuchokera ku China angafune kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zogawa zomwe zimafalitsa katundu wawo pakati pa malo osungira katundu ku West ndi East Coasts. Izi zitha kuwathandiza kusunga ndalama zotumizira katundu kutali komanso ndalama zoyika katundu.
Ngati mukutumiza katundu wambiri kudzera mu Tacoma, lankhulani ndi kampani yanu yotumiza katundu ngati ndikotsika mtengo kugawa katundu pakati pa gulu la Pacific Northwest FC ndi FC yachiwiri (kudzera pa doko lina monga LA/LB) pa unit iliyonse.
Zolakwa Zofala Zimene Ogulitsa FBA Amachita (ndi Momwe Mungapewere)
Ngakhale ogulitsa omwe akhala akuchita izi kwa nthawi yayitali amapanga zolakwika zomwe zimawawonongera ndalama akatumiza kuchokera ku China. Zofala kwambiri panjira yochokera ku China kupita ku Tacoma ndi izi
Chifukwa chofala kwambiri chomwe kutumiza kwa FBA kumachedwetsedwa kapena kuchedwa pa doko lolandirira ndichakuti zilembo za FNSKU ndizolakwika kapena palibe. Zolemba ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuzisanthula, zomangiriridwa pa chipangizo chilichonse, komanso zosabisika ndi tepi kapena phukusi. Chidebe chisanatsekedwe, onetsetsani kuti wogulitsa wanu kapena malo okonzekera atsimikizira komwe zilembozo zidzapita.
Vuto lina lofala ndi kuyika mtengo wotsika kwambiri pa katundu pa invoice yamalonda. Ngati simudzaza mafomu anu a kasitomu molondola kapena pamtengo woyenera, mutha kusungidwa pa kasitomu, kulipitsidwa chindapusa, kapena kuletsedwa kwa moyo wanu wonse. Onetsetsani kuti zambiri zomwe zili pa invoice yanu yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, ndi dongosolo lotumizira katundu ku Amazon ndi zolondola komanso zofanana.
Nthawi zambiri, ogulitsa amaiwalanso za tsiku lomaliza la ISF (Importer Security Filing). Muyenera kutumiza mapepalawa ku US Customs maola osachepera 24 sitimayo isanachoke ku China, osati ikafika ku Tacoma. Ngati muphonya tsikuli, mutha kulipidwa chindapusa cha $5,000 pa kutumiza kulikonse.
Pomaliza, ogulitsa ambiri saganizira za nthawi yowonjezera yomwe amaika mu dongosolo lawo la zinthu. Kuchedwa kosayembekezereka monga kuchulukana kwa katundu m'madoko, kuletsa maulendo apandege, kapena kuyang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu a kasitomu kungalepheretse njira yobwezeretsanso katundu. Nthawi zonse siyani pilo ya masiku 10 mpaka 15 ndipo samalani kwambiri kutumiza katundu.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Njira Yosavuta Yochokera ku China kupita ku Tacoma
N'zovuta kuchita zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi nokha. Kugwira ntchito ndi kampani yotumiza katundu yomwe ikudziwa zambiri za FBA kungathandize kwambiri bungwe lanu pankhaniyi.
Kampani ya Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira mauthenga kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010. Kampani ya Topway Shipping imayang'ana kwambiri njira yotumizira mauthenga pakati pa China ndi US, makamaka njira yopita ku China kupita ku Tacoma. Gulu loyambitsa kampaniyo lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza mauthenga padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu kudzera m'makhothi.
Ntchito za Topway zimakhudza unyolo wonse wa zinthu, kuyambira kutenga katundu kuchokera ku fakitale mpaka kulongedza ndi kulemba zilembo motsatira miyezo ya FBA, kuzilengeza ku misonkho kuti zitumizidwe kunja, kuzitumiza ndi nyanja (FCL ndi LCL), kuzichotsa kudzera mu misonkho ya US ku Tacoma, kutayira katundu, kunyamula katundu, ndi kuzitumiza mwachindunji ku malo anu ogwirira ntchito a Amazon. Ali ndi njira zotsika mtengo zogulira zonse za mamita 40 ndi katundu wa theka la CBM, kotero mutha kunyamula chilichonse chomwe mukufuna.
Kutumiza kwa Topway kumapangitsa ogulitsa a Amazon kuyenda kuchokera ku China kupita ku Tacoma kukhala kosavuta posamalira tsatanetsatane wonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri pa zomwe zili zofunika: kukulitsa bizinesi yanu ya Amazon.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku malo osungira katundu a Amazon FBA kudzera pa Port of Tacoma ndi njira yanzeru koma yosagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira kwa ogulitsa FBA omwe akufuna kufikira malo okwaniritsira katundu ku Pacific Northwest. Tacoma ndi mpikisano weniweni ndi madoko akuluakulu aku Southern California chifukwa ili ndi njira zazifupi zoyendera magalimoto, kuchulukana kochepa padoko, ndipo ili pafupi ndi Amazon FCs monga SEA6 ku Kent.
Kupeza tsatanetsatane woyenera ndiye chinsinsi chogwirira ntchito. Izi zikutanthauza kulemba zilembo za katundu m'njira yokwaniritsa miyezo ya FBA asanachoke ku China, kudzaza mapepala ofunikira a kasitomu, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu otumizira a DDP, ndikulemba ntchito wotumiza katundu yemwe amadziwa kukonzekera misonkhano yonyamula katundu ndi kuthana ndi malamulo osinthira a Amazon omwe amalowa nthawi zonse. Mutha kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe mumawononga pamalo anu, kufulumizitsa nthawi yanu yopezera katundu, ndikusunga zinthu zanu za Amazon zili bwino komanso zopindulitsa ngati mugwira ntchito ndi mnzanu woyenera woyendetsa katundu ndikukonzekera pasadakhale.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi katundu wa panyanja wochokera ku China kupita ku Port of Tacoma amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
A: Nthawi yomwe imatenga kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China monga Shenzhen, Ningbo, kapena Shanghai kupita ku US nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 14 mpaka 18. Kuti muchotse katundu ndi kutumiza katundu ku FC, onjezani masiku atatu mpaka asanu. Chifukwa chake, konzani masiku 18 mpaka 25 kuchokera pakhomo lopangira katundu kupita ku malo osungira katundu a Amazon.
Q: Kodi ndikufunika kampani yaku US kuti nditumize katundu kudzera ku Tacoma?
A: Ayi. Ogulitsa ambiri akunja a FBA amagwiritsa ntchito chotumizira katundu kuti abweretse katundu wawo, ndipo munthu ameneyo amatchedwa Importer of Record (IOR). Uwu ndi ntchito yachibadwa yomwe imabwera ndi mapangano ambiri otumizira katundu a DDP.
Q: Kodi ndingatumize mwachindunji ku Amazon FBA popanda malo okonzekera?
A: Inde, bola ngati wogulitsa wanu waku China ayika molondola zilembo zonse za FNSKU, zilembo zamakatoni, ndi zizindikiro za dziko lochokera ku "Made in China". Kugwiritsa ntchito malo okonzekera a chipani chachitatu, kaya ku China kapena pafupi ndi Tacoma, kumapereka malo owunikira khalidwe omwe amachepetsa kwambiri mwayi wokana.
Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa FCL ndi LCL pa kutumiza kwa FBA ndi kotani?
A: FCL (Full Container Load) imatanthauza kuti mwasungitsa chidebe chonse, nthawi zambiri chimakhala cha mamita 20 kapena mamita 40, chanu chokha. LCL imayimira "Less than Container Load," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti katundu wanu amayikidwa mu chidebe chogawana ndi zinthu kuchokera kwa otumiza ena. FCL ndi yotsika mtengo pa CBM iliyonse pa katundu wamkulu, pomwe LCL ndi yosinthasintha komanso yotsika mtengo pa katundu wocheperako.
Q: Nanga bwanji ngati Amazon ikakana kutumiza kwanga ku malo ochitira zinthu?
Yankho: Nthawi zambiri, ma phukusi okanidwa amatumizidwa kwa kampani yonyamula katundu kapena kusungidwa pamalo apafupi ndi ndalama zanu. Zifukwa zina zokanidwa ndi kulemba zilembo zolakwika, kusowa kwa masiku otumizira, kulongedza kosalongosoka, kapena kutumiza katundu ku FC yolakwika. Njira yabwino yopewera izi ndikugwira ntchito ndi wotumiza katundu amene amadziwa zomwe Amazon ikufuna komanso ali ndi luso lambiri.
