Ndondomeko Yatsopano ya Misonkho ya BIS: Zimene Ogulitsa Zamagetsi Ayenera Kuziona

 

 

Ogulitsa zinthu zamagetsi agwiritsa ntchito 2026 kuphunziranso momwe angawerengere invoice ya kasitomu. Zomwe zinali mzere umodzi wantchito wolumikizidwa ndi Harmonized Tariff Schedule code zasanduka mulu wa zolipiritsa zophatikizana: mtengo wa chitetezo cha dziko wa Gawo 232, ndalama zowonjezera za ogwira ntchito mokakamiza za Gawo 301, lamulo loletsa kutaya zinthu pano, mtengo wocheperako wotumizira kunja kumeneko, ndipo tsopano chiyembekezo cha lingaliro latsopano la Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) lomwe likhoza kukoka zida zomalizidwa za ogula muukonde womwewo womwe pakadali pano umagwira ma chips okha. Kwa ogulitsa katundu ndi ogulitsa katundu omwe timagwira nawo ntchito tsiku lililonse, funso lothandiza silakuti kodi mfundo zamalonda zikuvuta bwanji - ndizoona - koma momwe mungasungire katundu kuyenda, kusunga ndalama zoyendera pamalo oimika magalimoto, ndikudziwitsa makasitomala pamene malamulo akulembedwabe.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zomwe zikuchitika pa BIS pakadali pano, chifukwa chake ndizofunikira makamaka pa zamagetsi - ma laputopu, mafoni, ma consoles amasewera, zida zolumikizirana, ndi ma semiconductors omwe ali mkati mwawo - komanso zomwe ogulitsa kunja angachite pogwira ntchito pomwe lingaliroli likugwira ntchito kudzera munjira yopanga malamulo aboma. Kumene zimathandiza, takonza magawo osunthira m'matebulo m'malo mwa mndandanda wautali, chifukwa zambiri mwa izi zimadalira kufananiza mitengo, masiku ogwirira ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu pamodzi.

Zimene BIS Ikuyitanitsa Kwenikweni

Bungwe la Makampani ndi Chitetezo lili mkati mwa Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda, ndipo ntchito yake yanthawi zonse ndi kuyang'anira kutumiza kunja - kusankha ukadaulo womwe ungachoke ku United States komanso pansi pa zilolezo ziti. Komabe, chaka chathachi, BIS yakhala yofunika kwambiri pankhani yogulitsa zinthu zamagetsi, chifukwa malangizo ake amalowa mwachindunji mu zomwe Purezidenti adalengeza za msonkho wa chitetezo cha dziko Gawo 232. Unali lipoti la Nduna ya Zamalonda, lomwe linatumizidwa mu Disembala 2025 pambuyo pa kafukufuku wotsogozedwa ndi BIS, womwe unatsogolera ku msonkho woyamba wa Gawo 232 wa 25 peresenti pa gulu lodziwika bwino la ma chip apamwamba a makompyuta, kuyambira pakati pa Januware 2026. Mtengo umenewo unalembedwa mopepuka: unalunjika mabwalo enaake ophatikizidwa omwe akukwaniritsa malire ofunikira a magwiridwe antchito, ndi kuchotsedwa kwakukulu kwa malo osungira deta, makampani atsopano, ntchito zokonzanso, ndi ogula m'maboma.

Chomwe chasintha kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Malipoti a chilimwe cha 2026 akusonyeza kuti boma tsopano likuganizira gawo lachiwiri lomwe lingapitirire kupitirira ma chips okhaokha ndikufika ku zinthu zomalizidwa zomangidwa mozungulira iwo - mwachitsanzo ma laputopu, mapiritsi, ma consoles amasewera, ndi mafoni, kulikonse komwe zipangizozo zili ndi semiconductor yochokera kunja yomwe imagwera m'magulu ophimbidwa. Imeneyo ndi lingaliro losiyana kwambiri kwa makasitomala a zamagetsi a ogulitsa katundu, chifukwa imasintha mtengo wazinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri opanga ma chip ndi opanga mapangano kukhala mtengo wa katundu womalizidwa womwe umakhudza wogulitsa aliyense wobweretsa zamagetsi ku United States.

Pempholi likuyembekezekanso kuperekedwa pang'onopang'ono m'malo mogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi, ndipo lingaphatikizepo njira yochepetsera msonkho kwa makampani omwe adzipereka kukulitsa kupanga ma chip kapena kupanga ma chip mkati mwa United States. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chili chomaliza. Zamalonda sizinasindikize lamulo, ndipo White House yakana kutsimikizira tsatanetsatane poyera. Koma njira yoyendera - kuchuluka kwa malonda, kapangidwe ka chilimbikitso kogwirizana ndi ndalama zapakhomo, komanso njira yayitali yogwirira ntchito isanayambe kukakamizidwa - ikugwirizana ndi momwe magawo awiri omaliza a gawo 232 achitira m'derali.

Kuchokera ku Ma Chips Kupita ku Zipangizo Zomalizidwa: Kuwerenga Mtengo Wamakono

Musanawonjezere gawo latsopano pamwamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino zomwe zili kale pazinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimalowa m'dziko muno masiku ano, chifukwa lingaliro latsopano la BIS silingalowe m'malo mwa mitengo iyi - lingakhale limodzi nawo. Kutengera dziko lomwe linachokera komanso gulu la HTS, wotumiza kunja akhoza kukhala akulipira kale msonkho wa semiconductor wa Gawo 232, msonkho wa Gawo 301 wolumikizidwa ndi malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito anthu ogwira ntchito mokakamizidwa, ndi ntchito wamba za Mutu 84/85, msonkho uliwonse watsopano womalizidwa usanaganizidwe.

Zigawo Zamakono Zomwe Zikukhudza Zamagetsi Kuyambira Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti 2026

Gawo la Misonkho	kuchuluka	mlingo	Tsiku Lokwanira
Gawo 232 — Ma Semiconductor Otsogola	Ma IC a logic omwe ali pamwamba pa malire okhazikika a magwiridwe antchito, komanso kuphatikiza ma derivative assemblies	25%	Jan 15, 2026
Gawo 301 — Ndalama Zolipirira Ntchito Yokakamizidwa (Gawo 122 lasinthidwa)	Kupeza zinthu zamagetsi kuchokera ku mayiko pafupifupi 60, kapangidwe ka magawo awiri	10% kapena 12.5%, poyambira	Jul 24, 2026
Gawo 232 — Polysilicon ndi Zotumphukira	Polysilicon, ingots, wafers, maselo a dzuwa ndi ma modules	15% kuphatikiza kukakamiza kocheperako kwa mitengo yolowera kunja	Dis 4, 2026
Kukulitsa kwa BIS Finish-Device komwe kukuyembekezeredwa	Zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogula zomwe zili ndi ma semiconductors ophimbidwa (malaputopu, ma consoles, mafoni omwe akukambidwa)	Sizinakhazikitsidwebe; kukhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kwanenedwa	Sizinamalizidwebe

Zinthu ziwiri zikuonekera bwino patebulo limenelo. Choyamba, msonkho wa ogwira ntchito mokakamizidwa womwe unalowa m'malo mwa njira yakale ya Gawo 122 pa Julayi 24, 2026 unachepetsa kufalikira pakati pa mayiko ogulitsa zinthu — Vietnam ndi Thailand tsopano zili pa 12.5 peresenti, Malaysia ndi India pa 10 peresenti, zomwe ndi gulu lolimba kwambiri kuposa mipata yayikulu yomwe otumiza zinthu m'nthawi ya IEEPA anali kuigwiritsa ntchito bwino. Zimenezi zimasintha masamu a kugula zinthu: kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zomwe zimachokera kumathandizanso ndi ndalama zowonjezera za ku China, koma sikuchotsanso kukhudzidwa kwa msonkho monga momwe zinalili kale. Chachiwiri, China ikadali dziko lokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa zamagetsi ndi malire omveka bwino pamene ndalama zowonjezera za ku China za Gawo 301 zikwera pamwamba pa 12.5 peresenti ya ndalama zothandizira ogwira ntchito mokakamizidwa, zomwe ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wa BIS womalizidwa ukhale wofunikira kwambiri — ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamwamba pa maziko a ku China omwe kale anali okwera, komanso pamwamba pa mtengo uliwonse womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kwina koma zodzaza ndi ma chips ophimbidwa.

Chifukwa Chake Chigawo cha Chip Chili Chofunika Kwambiri Kuposa Dziko Lokonzekera

Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chafotokozedwa mu njira ya BIS chiyenera kuganiziridwa kwambiri ndi otumiza katundu omwe amayang'anira kutumiza kwamagetsi kophatikizana: kukhudzidwa kwa mitengo yomwe ikukambidwa kukugwirizana ndi ngati chipangizocho chili ndi semiconductor yophimbidwa, osati kokha komwe chipangizocho chinapangidwira. Laputopu yomalizidwa ku Vietnam kapena Mexico ikhoza kuonekerabe ngati chip mkati mwake chili mkati mwa malire ophimbidwa ndipo chimachokera ku unyolo wochepa wopereka. Imeneyo ndi kusiyana kwa mfundo zomwe otumiza ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito akamakonzekera kupanga tariff engineering, ndipo zikutanthauza kuti ma bilu a zipangizo - osati ma satifiketi oyambira okha - akhoza kukhala gawo la zokambirana zolembedwa za kasitomu.

Pazifukwa zomveka, izi zimakweza kwambiri unyolo wopereka zinthu kuposa momwe makampani ambiri otumiza zamagetsi amakhazikitsira okha. Wopanga mgwirizano ku Shenzhen kapena Ho Chi Minh City sangagawane deta ya chip-level sourcing ndi mayunitsi oyitanitsa mtundu, osatinso ndi wotumiza katundu amene akugwira ntchito panyanja kapena m'mlengalenga. Kupititsa patsogolo lamulo ngati ili kumatanthauza kufunsa ogulitsa tsopano, lamulo lisanamalizidwe, kuti akupatseni mndandanda wolembedwa wa zigawo za semiconductor zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu SKU iliyonse, kuphatikizapo wopanga ndi dziko lopangidwa - osati dziko lopangidwa lokha.

Gawo Lotsatira Malamulo: Kupereka Zilolezo, Chitsimikizo, ndi Zolemba Zolowera

Kuphatikiza pa nkhani ya msonkho, BIS idasinthanso momwe idakhalira ndi zilolezo zotumizira kunja mu Januwale 2026, ndikusuntha kutumiza ma chip ena apamwamba kupita ku China ndi Macau kuchoka pa lingaliro lokana kupita ku kuwunikanso mlandu uliwonse, kutengera ziphaso za ogulitsa kunja. Kusinthaku kukuchitika mosiyana ndi mfundo za msonkho wotumizira kunja - kunachepetsa zoletsa zotuluka pagulu lomwelo la ma chips omwe msonkho wa Gawo 232 umayang'ana kumbali yolowera - ndipo kukuwonetsa chinthu chomwe otumiza ayenera kukumbukira: Zisankho za BIS zowongolera kutumiza kunja ndi zisankho za malonda zolowetsa kunja ndi zokhudzana koma sizofanana, ndipo zimatha kusuntha modziyimira pawokha.

Chochitika cha polysilicon kuyambira mu Ogasiti 2026 chikuwonetsa momwe malamulowa angakulire kwambiri akangoyamba kufufuza kwa BIS kukhala chilengezo chenicheni. Otumiza zinthu kuchokera ku polysilicon tsopano ayenera kutsimikizira, panthawi yolowera, kuti kugulitsa koyamba ku US kudzachitika pamtengo wotsika kwambiri kapena kupitirira apo, kapena kuti kutumizako kuli ndi pangano lokhazikika lomwe lasainidwa tsiku lolengeza lisanafike. Ngati mtengo wa BIS wamagetsi womalizidwa utsatira dongosolo lofananalo, yembekezerani zofunikira za satifiketi yoyambira, osati chiwongola dzanja chokhazikika - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma broker ndi otumiza katundu adzafunika mapepala otumizira katundu asanafike padoko.

Otumiza Zikalata Ayenera Kuyamba Kusonkhanitsa Tsopano

Ngakhale popanda lamulo lomaliza, ndi bwino kuyamba kusonkhanitsa deta ya zinthu zolembedwa ndi SKU, zolembera za ogulitsa semiconductor ndi malo opangira, mapangano omwe alipo a nthawi yayitali okhudzana ndi masiku awo osainira, ndi zikalata za dziko lochokera ku chipangizo chomalizidwacho ndi zigawo zake zazikulu. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chimawononga ndalama ngati lingaliro la BIS lachepetsedwa kapena kuchedwa, chifukwa zolemba zomwezo zimathandizira kutsatira malamulo a msonkho wa ogwira ntchito mokakamizidwa komanso chitetezo cha dziko lochokera, zomwe zonse zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kale.

Chitsanzo Chokulirapo: Gawo 232 Likukhala Chida Chokhazikika, Osati Chokhazikika Kamodzi

Ndikoyenera kubwerera m'mbuyo ndikuwona momwe zochita za Gawo 232 zayendera kudzera mu malo a zamagetsi ndi zipangizo chaka chino - opanga ma semiconductor mu Januwale, kafukufuku wopitilira pa gulu lalikulu la ogwirizana nawo malonda nthawi yonse yachilimwe, ndi ma polysilicon derivatives mu Ogasiti. Ntchito iliyonse yatsatira njira yofanana: kafukufuku, lipoti la Nduna ya Zamalonda, chilengezo chokhala ndi tsiku loyambira kugwira ntchito kwa milungu kapena miyezi, kenako njira yotsatirira malamulo yokhala ndi ziphaso, mitengo yocheperako, kapena zoletsa zamalonda akunja. Ogulitsa kunja omwe amaganiza kuti kulengeza kulikonse kwa msonkho ndi chochitika chokhachokha, pakadali pano, akugwira ntchito kuchokera ku chitsanzo chakale cha momwe mfundo zamalonda zaku US zikupangidwira mu 2026.

Ndondomeko imeneyo ndi yofunika pakukonzekera. Mtengo wa BIS wamagetsi womalizidwa, ngati wamalizidwa, sungakhale womaliza pankhaniyi. Kuwona kutsata malamulo a msonkho ngati ntchito yobwerezabwereza - ndi munthu wogwira ntchito kapena mnzanu wothandizana naye wotsogolera zidziwitso za Federal Register, zosintha za HTS, ndi masiku oyambira kugwira ntchito - ndi njira yolimba kwambiri kuposa kuyankha ku chilengezo chilichonse payekhapayekha.

Kodi Izi Zikutanthauza Chiyani pa Kukonzekera Ndalama Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pamalo Okhala ndi Malo?

Mtengo wa katundu wakhala wosavuta kwambiri kuposa theka la ndalama zomwe zimayembekezeredwa; kuwononga ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa kwakhala kovuta kwambiri. Kwa ogulitsa zinthu zamagetsi omwe akupanga bajeti ya 2027 pakadali pano, yankho loona mtima ndilakuti mtengo wa chipangizo chomalizidwa sunadziwikebe, koma zotsatira zake zitha kuyerekezeredwa. Ngati njira yofotokozedwayo ikugwira ntchito, kusuntha koyambirira kumatha kukhudza makompyuta apamwamba komanso zida zolumikizidwa ndi AI, ndi zinthu zofunika monga mafoni zomwe zikuyang'anizana ndi msewu wautali kapena malo ocheperako. Kupanga bajeti ya contingency band m'malo mwa mtengo umodzi wokhazikika wa msonkho, ndikubwerezanso nthawi iliyonse Commerce ikafalitsa chidziwitso chatsopano, ndi njira yeniyeni kuposa kudikira chitsimikizo chomwe sichingafike mpaka lamulolo litasindikizidwa pafupifupi komaliza.

Mtengo Category	Mkhalidwe Lero	Zomwe Zingasinthe
Nyanja/katundu wonyamulira	Mphamvu yokhazikika komanso yosinthasintha nyengo	Kutumiza zinthu zomwe zingatheke patsogolo pa masiku atsopano oyambira kugwira ntchito
Gawo 232 la mtengo wa chip	25% pa ma chips apamwamba ophimbidwa	Kuchuluka kwake kungakulire mpaka zipangizo zomalizidwa
Gawo 301 la msonkho wa ntchito yokakamiza	10-12.5% ​​poyambira, magawo awiri	Mndandanda wa mayiko kapena magawo akhoza kusinthidwa
Customs brokerage & kutsatira malamulo	Standard entry fileing	Zikalata zowonjezera, zolemba za BOM mwina

Mzere wonyamula katundu, modabwitsa, ndi umene otumiza katundu angakhudze mwachindunji komanso mwachangu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza katundu wotumizidwa, kusankha pakati pa FCL ndi LCL kutengera kuchuluka kwa katundu nthawi yeniyeni osati chizolowezi, komanso nthawi yoyendera panyanja mozungulira masiku omwe akuyembekezeka kugwira ntchito yolipira ndi njira zomwe mnzanu wabwino wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu angagwiritse ntchito popanda kuyembekezera ku Washington.

Momwe Wogwirizana ndi Kayendetsedwe ka Zinthu Amagwirizanirana ndi Chithunzichi

Umu ndi momwe mtengo wa wotumiza katundu wodziwa zambiri umaonekera mwatsatanetsatane osati pamtengo waukulu wa katundu. Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen kuyambira 2010, yakhazikitsa njira yake yolumikizirana ndi China ndi US motsatira unyolo wonse womwe kusatsimikizika kwa mitengo kumeneku kumakhudza - mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku malo opangira zinthu aku China, malo osungiramo katundu akunja kuti asunge zinthu zisanasinthe mitengo, kuchotsera msonkho kwa katundu woperekedwa ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yolumikizirana ndi kutumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kutumiza katundu nthawi yayitali akangofika m'madoko aku US.

Kwa ogulitsa zinthu zamagetsi ochokera kunja omwe akuganiza ngati akuyenera kufulumizitsa kutumiza katundu asanayambe kuyika ndalama zatsopano, kusunga zinthu m'malo osungiramo katundu omwe ali ndi bond kapena akunja mpaka zinthu zitayamba kuonekera bwino, kapena kugawaniza maoda m'malo osungiramo katundu wodzaza ndi katundu wochepa kuposa chidebe kuti agwirizane ndi kufunikira kwenikweni, kukhala ndi chotumizira katundu chomwe chingasinthe pakati pa katundu wa panyanja wa FCL ndi LCL kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi - ndikugwirizanitsa kuchotsera ndi kutumiza katundu ku mbali ya US - kuchotsa kusintha kwakukulu kuchokera ku njira yokonzekera yomwe ili kale yosatsimikizika. Imeneyo ndi ntchito yothandiza yomwe Topway Shipping imachita kwa makasitomala ake amagetsi: osati kulosera komwe mfundo za BIS zimafikira, koma kuonetsetsa kuti katundu, zikalata, ndi zisankho zosungiramo katundu zitha kusintha mwachangu zikachitika.

Kukonzekera Pamene Lamulo Likulembedwabe

Palibe lamulo lomaliza la BIS loti litsatidwe pakadali pano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ntchito zothandiza kwambiri zomwe otumiza kunja angachite pakadali pano ndi kukonzekera osati kuchitapo kanthu. Kuwunikanso ma SKU omwe alipo panopa motsutsana ndi malire a magwiridwe antchito a semiconductor omwe adafotokozedwa kale mu chilengezo cha Januwale 2026 ndi poyambira koyenera, popeza kukulitsa kulikonse kwa chipangizo chomalizidwa kungatanthauze matanthauzidwe aukadaulo omwewo m'malo molemba atsopano kuyambira pachiyambi. Kuyang'ana mapangano a ogulitsa kuti apeze chilankhulo cha nthawi yokhazikika ndi masiku osainira ndikofunikiranso kuchita tsopano, poganizira kuchuluka kwa mapangano okhazikika, oyambilira kulengeza omwe achitika mu semiconductor ndi polysilicon chaka chino.

Ndikoyeneranso kukambirana moona mtima ndi ma broker a misonkho ndi ogwirizana nawo za kuchuluka kwa katundu. Ngati mtengo watsopano wa katundu wafika ndi nthawi yochepa pakati pa kulengeza ndi tsiku loyambira ntchito, kuchulukana kwa katundu m'madoko ndi malo osungiramo katundu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta pamene ogulitsa katundu akuyesera kupititsa patsogolo katundu. Kusinthasintha kwa malo osungira katundu, komanso mnzanu amene angasinthe pakati pa malo osungira katundu mwachindunji a FCL ndi malo ophatikizana a LCL pakangopita nthawi yochepa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunika kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira kuposa m'miyezi yamtendere.

Pomaliza, iyi ndi nthawi yabwino yopangira chizolowezi choyang'ana magwero oyambira m'malo mongoyang'ana mwachidule zomwe zalembedwa kale. Zidziwitso za Federal Register, mapepala ofotokozera za Dipatimenti Yamalonda, ndi malamulo a anthu onse a BIS ndi komwe masiku ogwira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda zimamalizidwa - nkhani zamalonda ndizothandiza pochenjeza msanga, koma tsatanetsatane wa ntchito zomwe zimatsimikiza zomwe wotumiza kunja ali nazo pamalire zimachokera ku mawu olengeza okha.

Kufufuza za Kutumiza ndi Kutanthauza Chiyani pa Unyolo Wopereka Zinthu M'maiko Ambiri

Kuphatikiza pa zokambirana za semiconductor ndi zida zomalizidwa, akuluakulu a zamalonda aku US aperekanso lingaliro losiyana lolunjika pa katundu wotumizidwa - katundu wotumizidwa womwe umadutsa dziko lachitatu asanafike ku United States pofuna kubisa komwe umachokera. Kwa ogulitsa zamagetsi omwe akhala zaka zingapo zapitazi akusonkhanitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ku Vietnam, Malaysia, Mexico, ndi India makamaka kuti azitha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku China, izi ndizofunikira kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Muyezo wolimba wotumizira katundu sudzayang'ana kwambiri kupanga zinthu zenizeni m'maiko ambiri, koma ukukweza mipiringidzo yotsimikizira kuti ntchito yowonjezera phindu m'dziko lachitatu inali yokwanira kusintha komwe katunduyo adachokera pazifukwa za msonkho, m'malo mongobwerezabwereza.

Mwachidule, izi zikulimbitsa phunziro lomwelo monga nkhani ya semiconductor content yomwe takambirana kale: zonena za chiyambi ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zolemba zenizeni zopangira, osati adilesi ya fakitale yokha yomwe ili pamndandanda wonyamula katundu. Otumiza kunja omwe akhala omasuka pang'ono ndi njira yosavuta yopezera zolemba za chiyambi ayenera kuwona zomwe zaperekedwa ndi chipangizo chomalizidwa komanso zomwe zaperekedwa ngati zifukwa zolimbikitsira zimenezo tsopano, pomwe nthawi ikadali yoti amange njira yopezera mapepala asanayambe kukakamiza malamulo.

Chidziwitso pa Nthawi ndi Kutsegula Patsogolo

Chilichonse chachikulu chomwe chikuchitika m'derali mpaka pano - kulengeza kwa semiconductor mu Januwale, kusintha kwa msonkho wa ogwira ntchito mokakamizidwa mu Julayi, ndi lamulo la polysilicon mu Ogasiti - labwera ndi njira yodziwikiratu pakati pa kulengeza ndi tsiku loyambira, kuyambira milungu itatu mpaka miyezi inayi. Kachitidwe kameneka kamapatsa otumiza kunja chitsanzo chokonzekera: lamulo lomalizidwa likaperekedwa mwalamulo kapena kulengezedwa, yembekezerani milungu m'malo mwa zaka kuti mukonzekere, osati nthawi yokhazikika. Otumiza omwe amayembekezera mtengo womaliza wofalitsidwa asanapange zisankho zilizonse zotumizira kapena zosungira nthawi zambiri amapikisana pa malo omwewo a doko, malo osungiramo katundu, ndi chisamaliro cha ogulitsa katundu monga momwe aliyense amayesera kudutsa nthawi yomaliza yomweyi.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe anthu ambiri amanyalanyaza zosungira ubale wabwino ndi wotumiza katundu m'malo mongogula katundu pokhapokha ngati nthawi yomaliza yaonekera kale. Kuyika patsogolo malo osungiramo katundu, kugawa malo osungiramo katundu, ndi kuchuluka kwa mafayilo a msonkho nthawi zambiri kumapita koyamba kwa otumiza katundu omwe ali ndi akaunti yomwe ilipo komanso mbiri yotumizira katundu, zomwe ndi phindu lalikulu mu mtundu womwe zilengezozi zapereka mobwerezabwereza chaka chino.

Kutsiliza

Lingaliro la BIS lokulitsa mitengo yolumikizidwa ndi semiconductor kuchokera ku ma chips osiyanasiyana kupita ku zamagetsi omalizidwa likupitilirabe m'makambirano osati kupanga malamulo ovomerezeka, ndipo cholinga chomaliza, kuchuluka, ndi nthawi yake zikupitilirabe kukhala mafunso otseguka kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti 2026. Koma malangizowo ndi omveka bwino, ndipo mbiri ya zochita za Gawo 232 chaka chino ndi yofanana mokwanira, kotero kuti oitanitsa zamagetsi amapeza zochepa podikira chitsimikizo chonse asanachitepo kanthu. Kujambula zomwe zili mu semiconductor ndi SKU, kulimbitsa zikalata za ogulitsa, kupanga zitsanzo za zotsatira za ntchito m'malo mwa nambala imodzi, komanso kugwira ntchito ndi mnzake woyendetsa zinthu yemwe angathe kusintha njira yotumizira, kusunga zinthu, ndi njira yochotsera zinthu mwachangu ndi njira zonse zomwe zimapindulitsa kaya mtengo watsopanowo ufika waukulu, wopapatiza, wochedwa, kapena ayi. Kwa otumiza katundu pakati pa China ndi United States, mtundu umenewo wa kukonzekera ntchito - kuposa kulosera kulikonse komwe mfundo za BIS zimafikira - ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maunyolo ogulitsa azikhala olimba chaka china cha malamulo osintha malonda.

Ibibazo

Q: Kodi lingaliro la mtengo wa chipangizo cha BIS lamalizidwa?

A: Ayi. Pofika kumapeto kwa Ogasiti 2026, ikadali pagawo lofotokozedwa komanso lokambirana. Palibe lamulo la Federal Register kapena chilengezo cha purezidenti chokhudza zida zamagetsi zomalizidwa zomwe zafalitsidwa, ndipo mitengo kapena masiku oyambira ntchito sanakhazikitsidwe.

Q: Kodi mtengo watsopano wa BIS ungalowe m'malo mwa mtengo wa semiconductor wa 25% Section 232 womwe ulipo?

Yankho: Mwina lingagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi chipangizocho m'malo mochisintha. Mitengo yomwe ilipo imayang'ana ma chips apamwamba; lingaliro lomwe likukambidwa lidzakhudza zida zomalizidwa zomwe zili ndi ma chips amenewo, ndikuwonjezera gawo m'malo mosintha lina.

Q: Kodi kusamutsa zinthu kuchokera ku China kumapewa kukhudzidwa ndi izi?

A: Sikofunikira kwenikweni. Tsatanetsatane wa zomwe zanenedwa zikusonyeza kuti kuwonekera kwa chipangizocho kungagwirizane ndi ngati chipangizocho chili ndi semiconductor yophimbidwa, mosasamala kanthu za komwe chimachitikira chomaliza, kotero kupeza zinthu zomwe zili mu gawo la chipangizocho kungakhale kofunikira monga momwe dziko la chogwirira ntchitocho lilili.

Q: Kodi kampani yotumiza katundu ingathandize bwanji lamuloli lisanamalizidwe?

Yankho: Mwa kusunga njira zotumizira zinthu kukhala zosinthika, kupereka malo osungiramo zinthu kunja kwa dziko kuti zinthu zitulutsidwe nthawi ndi nthawi, ndikugwirizanitsa zikalata za kasitomu kuti lamulo likangosindikizidwa, ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja amatha kusintha mwachangu m'malo mongoyambira pachiyambi.