Ndalama Zolipirira Mayeso a CBP Sizili mu Mtengo Wanu: Mtengo Wobisika Wotumiza Aliyense ku China-US Amadabwa Ndi
Introduction
Mtengo wanu wonyamula katundu watsekedwa. Wotumiza katunduyo adatenga malo osungitsira. Phukusilo linachoka ku Shenzhen pa nthawi yake. Zonse zikuwoneka bwino - mpaka broker wanu wa kasitomu atakutumizirani ndalama zosayembekezereka. Ndalama imeneyo ndi ya mayeso a CBP ndipo nthawi zambiri siiphatikizidwa mu mtengo womwe mudalandira.
Kwa makampani omwe amatumiza katundu wamba, mayeso odzidzimutsa a kasitomu angakhale ovuta kwambiri. Kwa makampani otumiza katundu wambiri - mwachitsanzo zida zamafakitale, zida zazikulu zapakhomo, zida zolimbitsa thupi kapena mipando yayikulu - mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri. Ndalama zolipirira mayeso zimawonjezekanso chifukwa cha ndalama zosungira, kuchepa kwa nthawi yogulira katundu komanso kuchedwa kotumizira katundu komwe kumachitika mu unyolo wonse woperekera katundu.
Mu positi iyi, tikufotokoza mtengo wa mayeso a CBP, momwe amadabwitsa anthu ambiri otumiza ku China ndi US, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe muyenera kuwakonzera mu 2025 ndi 2026, komanso momwe kugwirizana ndi mnzanu wothandizana ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito yolipira mkati kumasinthira chithunzicho.
Kodi Kuyezetsa kwa CBP N'chiyani, Ndipo N'chifukwa Chiyani Kumachitika?
Kampani ya US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) ili ndi mphamvu zambiri zoyang'anira katundu aliyense wobwera ku United States asanaperekedwe kwa wotumiza katunduyo. Bungweli likhoza kusankha chidebe kapena phukusi kuti liziyang'aniridwe pazifukwa zilizonse kapena popanda chifukwa chilichonse, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zodziwira zinthu, chidziwitso cha nzeru, mbiri ya zoopsa za dziko lomwe katunduyo akuchokera, mtundu wa katundu ndi kusankha mwachisawawa kuti adziwe katundu amene wasankhidwa kuti awunikidwe bwino.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mayeso omwe ali ndi nthawi yosiyana komanso mtengo wake. Kuyang'ana zikalata sikupweteka kwambiri: CBP imangofuna kuonetsetsa kuti invoice yanu yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi bilu ya katundu zonse zikugwirizana. Kuyesa kwa kumbuyo kwa galimoto ndi kuwunika kowoneka bwino kwa zitseko za chidebe zomwe zatsegulidwa popanda kutsitsa. Choyipa kwambiri ndi mayeso a devanning, pomwe chidebe chonsecho chimatulutsidwa ku Centralized Examination Station (CES), kenako nkuwunikidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuwunyamulanso. Kuwunika kwa devanning kwa katundu wamkulu wofunikira zida zapadera zogwirira ntchito kungatenge masiku ambiri ndipo kumawononga ndalama zambiri.
Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kumafufuzidwa pamitengo yokwera kwambiri kuposa katundu wa ogwirizana nawo malonda. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse ziwiri - China ndiye gwero lalikulu kwambiri la zinthu zochokera ku US - komanso kukwera kwa malamulo okhwima omwe akuchitika kuyambira 2018. CBP yawonjezera chidwi chake m'magawo angapo, kuphatikizapo kupewa misonkho, kutsatira lamulo la Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) pankhani yokakamiza anthu kugwira ntchito, ndi magulu a HTS. Ngati malonda anu akuphatikizapo zizindikiro zilizonse zoopsazi, mwayi wanu woti mufufuzidwe ukukwera kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe Onse a CBP ndi Malipiro a Madoko mu 2025–2026
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe ndalama zolipirira mayeso a CBP zimasokoneza. Choyamba, "ndalama zolipirira msonkho" si chinthu chimodzi chokha - ndi kuphatikiza misonkho ya boma, ndalama zolipirira ntchito za anthu ena ndi ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zimaperekedwa payekhapayekha komanso nthawi zambiri nthawi zosiyanasiyana panthawi yochotsa katundu. Nayi chidule cha magulu akuluakulu a ndalama zomwe wotumiza katundu ku China-US ayenera kudziwa.
| Mtundu wa Ndalama | Yemwe Amalipiritsa | Ndalama Zoyerekeza (2025) | Kodi yaphatikizidwa mu mtengo wa katundu? |
| Malipiro Opangira Zinthu (MPF) | CBP (boma) | 0.3464% ya mtengo wa katundu; osachepera $32.71, osapitirira $634.62 pa kulowa kulikonse | Nthawi zina |
| Ndalama Zokonza Padoko (HMF) | CBP (boma) | 0.125% yamtengo wonyamula katundu (nyanja yokha) | Kawirikawiri |
| Mtengo wa ISF | Customs broker | $50-$85 pa kutumiza | Zimasintha |
| Bond ya Kasitomu (yolowera kamodzi) | Chitsimikizo / broker | ~$500–$900 kutengera mtengo wake | Ayi |
| Mayeso a CES Tailgate | Centralized Examination Station | $ 300- $ 600 | Ayi |
| Mayeso a CES Devanning | Centralized Examination Station | $1,000–$5,000+ | Ayi |
| Ndalama Yogulitsira Madoko ya USTR (Annex I) | Kutumiza kwa wonyamula (kuyambira Okutobala 2025) | $550–$1,600 pa chidebe chilichonse (njira yolowera 2025–2028) | Ayi |
| Ndalama Yogulitsira Madoko ya USTR (Annex II) | Kutumiza kwa wonyamula (kuyambira Okutobala 2025) | $175–$400 pachidebe chilichonse | Ayi |
| Kusungirako / Kuchepetsa (panthawi ya mayeso) | Woyendetsa terminal kapena CFS | $75–$200/tsiku pa chidebe chilichonse | Ayi |
Zina mwa zomwe zili patebulopo ziyenera kutchulidwa mwapadera. Misonkho ya USTR port yomwe iyamba mu Okutobala 2025 ndi ndalama zatsopano zomwe sizinakonzedwe ndi wotumiza aliyense mpaka pakati pa chaka cha 2025. Onyamula katundu akusamutsa misonkho iyi kwa otumiza katundu m'njira yowonjezera yotchedwa port fee recovery kapena regulatory cost recovery. Kutengera mtundu wa sitima yomwe katundu wanu ali nayo, ndalamazi zokha zitha kuwonjezera madola mazana ambiri pa chidebe chilichonse ndipo zikuyembekezeka kukwera chaka chilichonse mpaka 2028.
Chinthu chosatsimikizika kwambiri ndi ndalama zowerengera. MPF ndi HMF zimadalira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kotero mutha kuziyesa molondola. Palibe njira yodziwira pasadakhale ngati chidebe chanu chidzasankhidwa kuti chichitike pa mayeso a devanning, kapena nthawi yomwe mayesowo angatenge. Kutsitsa kwathunthu ndikuyikanso zinthu ku CES pa chidebe cha mamita 20 cha mipando kapena zida zazikulu kumatha kuwononga ndalama zokwana $3,000 mukaphatikiza zida zapadera zofunika kunyamula zinthu zolemera.
Chifukwa Chake Katundu Waukulu Kwambiri Akukumana ndi Chiwopsezo Chowonjezereka
Otumiza katundu wamba wa pa intaneti amakumana ndi kafukufuku, ngakhale kuti mtengo wa chiopsezo chotere ndi wochepa. Phukusi laling'ono lili m'malo osungiramo katundu, limayesedwa ndikutulutsidwa. Kuchedwa konse kungakhale masiku awiri kapena atatu. Chiwopsezo cha zachuma ndi chochepa.
Katundu wamkulu kwambiri ali ndi chiopsezo chosiyana kwambiri: zinthu zolemera kuposa makilogalamu 150, mbali imodzi yoposa mamita anayi, kapena zinthu zokwana matani asanu ndi atatu. Choyamba, katunduyu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zosankha zochepa zonyamulira ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kudutsa m'madoko akuluakulu monga Los Angeles ndi Long Beach, omwe kale anali ndi ziwongola dzanja zapamwamba komanso mizere yayitali ya CES. Chachiwiri, katundu wamkulu ku CES amafunika kuyendetsedwa bwino ndi ma forklift, zida zapadera komanso maola owonjezera antchito, zomwe zonse zimawonetsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi mitengo yokwera. Chachitatu, katunduyo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba, zomwe zimawonjezera kuwerengera kwa MPF ndi chiopsezo cha ziwerengero za mayeso a CBP.
Kenako pali funso la gulu la zinthu. Komabe, zinthu zambiri zazikulu zomwe zimachokera ku China kupita ku US ndi Europe zimagawidwa m'magulu okhala ndi mitengo yokwera pansi pa Gawo 301 - mipando, zida zamagetsi, zida zolimbitsa thupi ndi zida zina zamakina. CBP imasamala kwambiri magulu oterewa potsimikizira mtengo wolengezedwa ndi magulu a HTS. Ngati broker wanu sanapereke chigamulo chomangirira pa code yanu ya HTS, kusokoneza magawo pakuwunika kungayambitse njira zolipirira komanso ndalama zoyeserera zokha.
Momwe Ndalama Zolipirira Mayeso Zimalipidwira
Chifukwa chimodzi chomwe ndalama zolipirira mayeso zimapitilira kudabwitsa otumiza ndi njira yolipirira. Pamene mtengo wa katundu wapangidwa, wotumiza katundu nthawi zambiri amayamba ndi ndalama zodziwika bwino komanso zoyenera kutsatiridwa: ndalama zolipirira katundu wa panyanja, ndalama zolipirira zoyambira, ndalama zoyendetsera katundu ndi ndalama zolipirira ...
Mwachidule, zimakhala motere: Katundu wanu amabwera ku doko, broker wanu amalemba zolemba ndipo CBP imapereka oda yowunikira. Broker wanu amakuuzani. Kenako chidebecho chimatengedwa ndi ndalama zanu kupita ku CES, yomwe ingakhale mtunda wautali kuchokera ku terminal. CBP imachita kafukufukuyo nthawi iliyonse yomwe akufuna, osati nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufuna. CBP ikatulutsa katunduyo mumalipira CES kuti mutulutse katunduyo, kuyang'anira, ndi kubwezeretsanso katunduyo. Pamene mukudikira, mumalipiritsa ndalama zosungira katunduyo tsiku lililonse. Ndalama zonsezi zimalipidwa ndi inu pambuyo pa chochitikacho, nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a ma invoice ochokera kwa anthu angapo.
Kwa otumiza katundu omwe ali ndi nthawi yokhwima yotumizira katundu, makamaka omwe amagulitsa kudzera mu Amazon FBA kapena nsanja zina zomwe zili ndi nthawi yokumana, kuchedwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mayeso opita patsogolo kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zachuma kuposa ndalama zolipirira mayeso okha. Kulephera kupita ku msonkhano wa FBA kumabweretsa ndalama zosayembekezereka zotumizira katundu. Mukatha kugula zinthu, kutha kwa katundu kumawononga udindo wanu wogulitsa. Ndalama zosalunjika izi zimakhala zazikulu koma zimabisika mu kafukufuku wanthawi zonse wa ndalama zoyendera.
Kuyerekeza Mtundu wa Mayeso: Zoyenera Kuyembekezera
| Kupima Mtundu | Njira Yoyendera | Nthawi Yambiri | Mtengo woyerekeza | Kuthekera kwa China Cargo |
| Ndemanga ya Document | Kutsimikizira kwa pepala/pakompyuta kokha | Masiku a bizinesi a 1-2 | Palibe ndalama zolipirira mwachindunji (nthawi ya broker) | High |
| Mayeso a Tailgate / Chitseko | Kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino, osatsitsa | Masiku a bizinesi a 1-2 | $300–$600 (ndalama zolipirira CES) | Wongolerani |
| Mayeso a X-Ray / NII | Kujambula zithunzi kosasokoneza | Masiku a bizinesi a 1-3 | $ 400- $ 800 | Wapakati-Wammwamba |
| Kutulutsa (Kutsitsa Konse) | Kutsitsa kwathunthu, kuyang'ana chinthu ndi chinthu, kulongedzanso | 3-7+ masiku a ntchito | $1,000–$5,000+ | Yakwezedwa pamagulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu |
Kusintha kwa Malamulo a 2025 komwe kunapangitsa kuti chilichonse chikhale chovuta kwambiri
Kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira yogulitsira pakati pa China ndi US kwa zaka zoposa zingapo, malamulo awonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira 2018. Koma kwa aliyense wotumiza katundu kuchokera ku China, kusintha komwe kunayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2025 ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe kake.
Njira yofulumira yotumizira katundu wotsika mtengo inatha ndi kuchotsedwa kwa gawo 321 de minimis la kuchotsera katundu wochokera ku China mu Meyi 2025. Tsopano zinthu zonse zamalonda zochokera ku China ziyenera kudutsa njira yoyenera yolowera ndi zikalata zonse ndi kulipira mitengo ndi zolipiritsa zoyenera. Kusinthaku kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kukwera kwakukulu kwa katundu ndi ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani onse komanso makamaka mabungwe omwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira zophatikizira katundu.
Nthawi yomweyo, ndalama zolipirira doko la USTR zomwe zinayamba kugwira ntchito mu Okutobala 2025 zinayambitsa gawo latsopano la ndalama zogulira zombo zomwe zili ndi mabizinesi aku China kapena zomangidwa m'malo opangira zombo aku China. Pansi pa Annex I, zombo zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi China zimalipira $50 pa tani imodzi, ndalama zomwe zikuyembekezeka kukwera ndi $30 pachaka kufika pa $140 pa tani imodzi pofika chaka cha 2028. Annex II ikutanthauza zombo zomangidwa ndi China. Ndalama ndi $18 pa tani imodzi kapena $120 pa chidebe chilichonse chotulutsidwa, chilichonse chomwe chili chachikulu. Zonyamula sizilandira ndalamazi - zimasamutsidwa kupita kwa otumiza munjira yowonjezera. Iyi ndi ndalama yatsopano yochitira bizinesi kwa aliyense wonyamula katundu pa njira za Trans-Pacific ndipo sizili mu mtengo uliwonse wonyamula katundu womwe unaperekedwa isanafike Okutobala 2025.
Pamene mitengo ya Section 301, mitengo ya IEEPA, ndi mitengo yofanana imaganiziridwa, chiwongola dzanja chogwira ntchito pa katundu wotumizidwa kunja kwa China chinakwera kufika pafupifupi 37.1% pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025. Pa katundu wamkulu wa mafakitale, chiopsezocho chikhoza kukhala chachikulu kwambiri, kutengera gulu lenileni la HTS.
Kupanga Chitsanzo Choyenera cha Mtengo Wokhazikika
Chitsanzo cha mtengo wolowera pansi chimapangidwira kukupatsani nambala yomwe mungasankhire—nambala yomwe ikuwonetsa zomwe mudzalipira kuti mutenge katundu kuchokera ku fakitale yopanga ku China kupita pakhomo la kasitomala wanu kapena pa malo anu osungira katundu ku United States. Chitsanzo cholondola cha mtengo wolowera pansi pa katundu wamkulu pakati pa China ndi US mu 2026 chiyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe nthawi zambiri sizili gawo la mitengo yosavuta yonyamula katundu.
| Mtengo Category | Chitsanzo manambala | zolemba |
| Ocean Freight (FCL 20ft) | $ 1,500- $ 5,000 | Zimasiyana malinga ndi nyengo, njira, mtundu wa chombo |
| Ndalama Zoyambira (kutenga katundu, chilolezo chotumiza kunja, CFS) | $ 200- $ 500 | Zimasiyana malinga ndi doko ndi kukula kwa katundu |
| Kulemba kwa ISF | $ 50- $ 85 | Zimafunika maola 24 isananyamuke |
| Bond ya Customs (yomwe imaperekedwa pachaka nthawi zonse) | $ 400- $ 600 | Zotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa chikole chilichonse chotumizira kwa otumiza wamba |
| Ndalama Zolowera ku Broker wa Kasitomu | $ 125- $ 300 | Pa chikalata chilichonse chovomerezeka chomwe chaperekedwa |
| mpf | 0.3464% ya mtengo; osachepera $32.71 / mtengo wapamwamba $634.62 | Ndalama za boma, nthawi zonse zimagwira ntchito |
| HMF (nyanja) | 0.125 %. | Ndalama za boma zogulira zinthu zochokera kunja kwa nyanja |
| Ndalama Yowonjezera ya USTR Port | $175–$1,600 kutengera ndi chombo | Zatsopano kuyambira Okutobala 2025, zikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse |
| Kusungitsa Ndalama Zoyeserera | $500–$3,000+ | Bajeti ngati malo osungira omwe amawerengedwa ndi kuthekera |
| Kutumiza Kwamkati (kudzera pakhomo kupita ku khomo) | $300–$2,000+ | Zimasintha kwambiri malinga ndi komwe mukupita |
| Malo osungira / Demurrage | $ 0- $ 1,500 | Kupezeka pachiwopsezo panthawi yochedwa mayeso |
Dziwani kuti ndalama zolipirira mayeso zikuwonetsedwa ngati ndalama zolipirira, osati chinthu chokhazikika. Njira yowona mtima kwambiri yochitira chitsanzo cha mtengo wolowera m'dziko ndikuwona ngati chinthu chotheka, osati kunamizira kuti sichingachitike. Oyang'anira katundu wodziwa bwino ntchito nthawi zambiri amasunga 1% mpaka 3% ya mtengo wa katundu ngati nthawi yolipirira mayeso otumizira kuchokera ku China m'magulu okhala ndi mitengo yokwera yowunikira (mipando, zida zamagetsi, zida zolimbitsa thupi, zamagetsi). Izi zimasiya $1,000 mpaka $3,000 pa nthawi yotumizira ya $100,000. Ngati mayeso sanachitike, ndalama zolipirira zimabwerera ku ndalama zolipirira.
Momwe Mnzanu Wothandizira Ntchito Zonse Amachepetsera Kuchuluka kwa Ndalama Zolipirira Mayeso Anu
Si ndalama zonse zoyesera zomwe zingapeweke — CBP imasankha katundu wotumizidwa kudzera munjira zomwe palibe wopereka chithandizo cha katundu amene angathe kuzilamulira mokwanira. Komabe, mnzanu woyenerera akhoza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwanu m'njira zosiyanasiyana, makamaka pamene mukusamutsa katundu wochuluka kwambiri ndi ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera katundu komanso nthawi yochepa yotumizira katundu.
Gawo loyamba lomwe limayambitsa vutoli ndi zikalata zotumizidwa zisanatumizidwe. Chifukwa chachikulu cha CBP chikunena kuti mayeso onse ndi kusiyana kapena kusakwanira kwa zikalata zolowera. Makina owunikira okha ndi omwe amazindikira katunduyo pamene invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi bilu yonyamula katundu zimafotokoza nkhani zosiyanasiyana - zolemera zosafanana, mafotokozedwe osamveka bwino azinthu, mitengo yolengezedwa yomwe sigwirizana ndi mitengo yofanana pamsika. Zolemba zonse zimawunikidwa ndi mnzake wa logistics yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso cha kasitomu mkati asanapereke kuti athandize kuchepetsa zoyambitsa izi.
Chachiwiri ndi kugawa HTS m'magulu. Kupeza khodi yoyenera ya HTS ya manambala khumi pa katundu wanu sikuti ndi chinthu chofunikira pa malamulo okha, komanso ndi mwayi wosunga ndalama. Kugwiritsa ntchito khodi yolakwika ya HTS kungakuikeni pachiwopsezo chogundidwa ndi mitengo yokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe imafunikira, komanso kuyesedwa m'magulu omwe CBP ikuyang'ana kwambiri. Magulu athu amkati mwa kampani amasunga zatsopano pazosankha zamagulu ndipo angathandize makasitomala ndi zopempha zokakamiza za mizere yambiri yazinthu.
Gawo lachitatu ndi nthawi ndi kusankha doko. Mitengo yowunikira imasiyana m'madoko osiyanasiyana aku US. Nthawi zoyendera sizimakhala ndi zoopsa zofanana. "Njira yoyendera pakati pa China ndi US ndi njira yomwe mnzake wodziwa bwino ntchito angathandize kupereka upangiri pa njira zomwe zimagwirizanitsa nthawi yoyendera, mtengo wake komanso nthawi yoyendera."
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Kuchotsa Katundu Waukulu Kwambiri
Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping yomwe ili ku Shenzhen yakhala ikupereka njira zothetsera mavuto okhudzana ndi katundu wodutsa malire, makamaka pa gawo lalikulu komanso lolemera kwambiri la katundu lomwe makampani ambiri otumiza katundu amaliona ngati lingaliro lapadera. Gulu loyambitsali lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo wolunjika pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsera msonkho wa misonkho, ndipo bizinesi yayikulu ndi kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku US kupita ku China komanso kuchokera ku Europe kupita ku China.
Chomwe chimasiyanitsa Topway ndi omwe akupikisana nawo ndichakuti yaphatikiza vuto la ndalama zolipirira mayeso molunjika. Topway imayang'anira yokha chilolezo chake cha msonkho, m'malo mopereka kwa ogulitsa ena omwe ali ndi ndalama zosiyana komanso kulumikizana kwa nthawi yayitali. Topway imapereka chithandizo choyamba chapakhomo ku China, komanso njira zoyendera panyanja kapena pa sitima, kunja kwa dziko. kuwuza ndi kutumiza mtunda womaliza. Chidziwitso cha mayeso a CBP chikalandiridwa, gulu lomwelo lomwe lidapereka chilolezocho limayang'anira CES, limalankhulana ndi doko ndikudziwitsa kasitomala nthawi yomweyo. Gulu lonyamula katundu ndi gulu la kasitomu ndi ntchito yomweyo, palibe kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa.
Topway imagwira ntchito yonyamula katundu wambiri, motero ogwira ntchito amadziwa bwino mavuto omwe zinthu zazikulu zimakumana nawo poyesa zinthu ku CES. Chopondera treadmill kapena mpando woti mugwiritse ntchito kapena chipinda choziziritsira sizikhala bwino pa pallet yomwe ingayang'aniridwe ndi forklift mumphindi makumi awiri. Kuwononga zinthuzi kumafuna zida zoyenera, antchito ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso zolemba zonse zomwe zili mu chidutswa chilichonse. Topway imapereka zikalatazi pasadakhale, zomwe zingafupikitse nthawi yomwe katunduyo akufufuzidwa, ndikuchepetsa ndalama zosungira tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pa katundu wambiri wopita ku Europe, Topway imapereka chithandizo cha DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) ku mayiko 25 a EU, kusamalira kuchotsera msonkho, kutumiza katundu womaliza ndi zikalata zonse mu ntchito imodzi yophatikizana. katundu wapanyanja Deta yokhudza momwe zinthu zilili ikuwonetsa kuti 91% ya katundu wotumizidwa amalembedwa mkati mwa masiku 45 mpaka 55 kuchokera ku China - muyezo womwe umatsimikizira dongosolo la bungwe loyang'anira kufooka kwa misonkho mwachangu, osati mwachangu.
Topway imapereka katundu wa panyanja wa FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku madoko onse akuluakulu ku China kupita ku malo onse ofunikira ku US ndi Europe. Kampaniyo ilinso ndi malo osungiramo katundu akunja, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati malo otetezera makasitomala omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kokwanira pamwezi kuti athandizire ndalama zomwe zayikidwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kuchedwa kwa kuwunika kuchedwe popanda kusokoneza zomwe zaperekedwa.
Njira Zothandiza Zotetezera Malire Anu Musanatumizenso Katundu Wotsatira
Pali njira zenizeni zomwe mungachite lero kuti muchepetse ndalama zolipirira mayeso ndikuwonjezera luso lanu lozilandira ngati zitachitika. Choyamba ndikuwona mtundu wa zikalata zomwe mwatumiza katatu komaliza. Ngati ali ndi zolipiritsa, maoda a mayeso, zopempha zina, tsatirani vutoli komwe limachokera. Funso la phindu? Vuto la kugawa? Deta ya ISF ikusowa? Kapangidwe kake kakuwonetsani komwe njira yanu iyenera kulimbikitsidwa.
Ngati mukutumiza gulu la zinthu zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwa mitengo ya Section 301 — zomwe pazinthu zambiri zazikulu zochokera ku China ndi mipando, zida zamagetsi, zida zolimbitsa thupi kapena makina amafakitale — ganizirani kufunafuna chigamulo cholimba kuchokera ku CBP pa gulu lanu la HTS musanatumize katundu wanu wotsatira. Kutsimikiza kolimba kumapereka chitsimikizo pa mtengo wanu wa msonkho ndipo kumachepetsa mwayi woti gulu lanu likhale lolimba kwambiri.
Mabizinesi omwe amatumiza katundu nthawi zonse nthawi zambiri amapeza kuti bond yokhazikika ya msonkho ndi njira yotsika mtengo kuposa bond yolowera kamodzi pa katundu aliyense. Nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri imakhala yotumiza katundu kanayi kapena asanu pachaka. Otumiza mwezi uliwonse amalipira ndalama zambiri pa ma bond ngati broker wawo akupereka ma bond olowera kamodzi pa katundu aliyense.
Chomaliza koma chofunika kwambiri, khalani oona mtima za kuthekera kwa mnzanu woyendetsa katundu wanu kuchotsera katundu. Ngati wogulitsa katundu wanu panopa amadalira broker wa chipani chachitatu kuti achotse katundu wa katundu ndipo brokeryo sakulankhulana mwachindunji ndi gulu lonyamula katundu, muli ndi kusiyana kwa chidziwitso komwe kumakuwonongerani ndalama mukayesa. Kuchedwa kulikonse kwa kulankhulana pakati pa broker ndi wotumiza katundu kumatanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi masiku ena osungira katundu ku CES. Kugwira ntchito pamodzi kumachotsa kusiyana kumeneko.
Kutsiliza
Ndalama zoyezera za CBP sizili zolakwika zonse mu bajeti yanu yoyendera katundu - potumiza katundu wamkulu kuchokera ku China kupita ku United States mu 2025 ndi 2026, zimakhala chiopsezo chachikulu komanso chosayerekezeka cha mtengo. Ndi kuwunikira kwakukulu kwa mitengo, ndalama zowonjezera za USTR port, kutayika kwa chitetezo cha de minimis komanso zenizeni zowunikira ndikusamaliranso katundu wamkulu, kusiyana pakati pa mtengo wanu wotumizira katundu ndi mtengo wanu weniweni wofikira sikunakhalepo kwakukulu.
Otumiza katundu omwe amakula bwino m'malo otere si amwayi omwe safufuzidwa. Amakhazikitsa njira zabwino zogulira zinthu, kuphatikizapo ndalama zosungira mayeso, kugwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito zoyendera omwe amasamalira zovomerezeka m'nyumba, kuyika ndalama m'mapepala abwino kwambiri asanatumize katundu komanso kumvetsetsa bwino momwe zinthu zilili kuti apange zisankho zanzeru pankhani yotumiza katundu ndi nthawi yake.
Ngati mtengo wanu wa katundu wapano ulibe mzere woti muyesere katundu wa kasitomu, ndiye kuti si mtengo wokwanira. Khalani okonzeka ndipo sankhani anzanu omwe adzakhalapo chidziwitso cha CBP chikafika, osati kuthamanga kuti mupeze munthu woti muyimbire.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi ndalama zolipirira mayeso a CBP zimabwezedwa ngati CBP siipeza cholakwika chilichonse?
A: Ayi konse. Mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira, mayeso onse a CBP amalipidwa ndi wotumiza kunja. Ngati phukusi lanu lipambana mayeso popanda vuto lililonse, mudzakhalabe ndi udindo wolipira ndalama zilizonse zoyendetsera CES, komanso ndalama zilizonse zosungira zomwe zapezeka panthawi yoyesa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba wotumiza kunja izi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotsutsana kwambiri ndi malamulo okhudza kasitomu ku US.
Q: Kodi mayeso a devanning nthawi zambiri amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji pa katundu wamkulu?
A: Kodi mayeso okhazikika a devanning amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji pa chidebe cha mamita 20 chokhala ndi zinthu zazikulu kwambiri? A: Nthawi zambiri masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi awiri ogwira ntchito kuyambira nthawi yomwe CBP ikupereka oda yoyeserera mpaka katunduyo atatulutsidwa. Zinthu zazikulu kwambiri kapena zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimafuna zida zapadera zogwirira ntchito zimatha kutalikitsa nthawi yogwirira ntchito. Malo a CES nthawi zambiri samapangidwira kuti azitha kunyamula katundu wolemera kwambiri zomwe zingaphatikizepo magawo ena owonjezera oyendetsera katundu.
Q: Kodi ndalama zatsopano za USTR port zikugwira ntchito pa zotumiza zonse kuchokera ku China kupita ku US?
A: Ndalama zolipirira doko la USTR zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Okutobala 2025 zimadalira umwini, ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka sitimayo — osati dziko la katunduyo. Annex I imayang'ana zombo za ku China kapena zoyendetsedwa ndi China, Annex II imayang'ana zombo zomangidwa ndi China ndipo Annex III imayang'ana zombo zonyamula katundu. Mphamvu zambiri za Trans-Pacific zili pa zombo zomangidwa ndi China. Kutumiza katundu wambiri kuchokera ku China kupita ku US kudzakhudzidwa kudzera mu ndalama zowonjezera zonyamula katundu ngakhale zinthuzo sizili pansi pa msonkho.
Q: Kodi ndingayerekezere mwayi wanga woti ndisankhidwe kuti ndikafufuze ndisanatumize?
A: Osati molondola, komabe akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito za kasitomu ndi opereka chithandizo cha zinthu angakupatseni chiyerekezo cha zoopsa kutengera gulu lanu la malonda, mtengo womwe wanenedwa, code ya HTS, ndi zomwe zikuchitika pakali pano pa doko lopitako. Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi ndemanga ya Gawo 301 kapena chiopsezo cha UFLPA zimalandira chiwongola dzanja chapamwamba chowunikanso. Ngakhale kuti CBP siipereka lipoti la mbiri yakale ya mayeso a katundu ndi doko, akatswiri amakampani nthawi zonse amawayang'anira.
Q: Kodi kutumiza kwa LCL kumayesedwa pamlingo womwewo ndi wa FCL?
Yankho: Kutumiza katundu wa LCL (wosakwana chidebe) wopita kudzera mu kuphatikiza nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa pamlingo wa malo ogwirizanitsa osati ngati kutumiza kwa munthu payekha, zomwe zingachepetse kapena kuonjezera kuwonekera kwa mayeso kutengera zomwe zili mu chidebecho. Kutumiza kwa FCL kuli ndi njira yowunikira yosavuta komanso yodziwikiratu. Popeza pali zoletsa za kulemera ndi kukula, FCL nthawi zambiri ndi njira yoyenera ya katundu wamkulu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chiopsezo choyesa chimagwiranso ntchito pa chidebecho.
