Kulemba kwa CE ndi Kutumiza ku China ku Portugal: Zofunikira
Introduction
Ngati ndinu wogulitsa zinthu ku China kapena wogulitsa malonda apa intaneti amene mukufuna kugulitsa ku Portugal, muyenera kudziwa tanthauzo la chizindikiro cha CE. Ndicho chinsinsi cholowera. Portugal ndi membala wathunthu wa European Union ndi European Economic Area (EEA), motero ili ndi malamulo ofanana ndi a EU. Izi zikutanthauza kuti katundu wotumizidwa kuchokera ku China ayenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha CE asanagulitsidwe mwalamulo ku Portugal, pa intaneti, kapena kudzera m'njira zakomweko.
Chizindikiro cha Conformite Europeenne (CE) cha EU ndi chizindikiro chomwe nthawi zina chimatchedwa "China Export" chimawoneka chofanana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa nkhaniyi kukhala yovuta kuposa momwe ikuonekera. European Commission yanena momveka bwino kuti palibe chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha "China Export" ngati muyezo wolamulira, koma pakadali chisokonezo chachikulu mu malonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Kasitomu yayimitsa, yalipiritsa chindapusa, kapena yachotsa zinthu zomwe zili ndi magawo olakwika kapena zizindikiro za CE zomwe sizinayikidwe molondola. Kwa ogulitsa aku China, kudziwa kusiyana ndi njira yonse yotsatirira malamulo sikuti ndi njira yabwino yokha, komanso ndikofunikira kuchita bizinesi ku Portugal ndi EU yonse.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo la chizindikiro cha CE, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimafunikira, momwe mungafikitsire zinthu ku Portugal, komanso momwe akatswiri ogwirizana ndi zinthu monga Topway Shipping angathandizire kuti unyolo wonse wogulitsa zinthu uziyenda bwino kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Lisbon.
Kodi Chizindikiro cha CE ndi chiyani - Ndipo Sichoncho
Conformite Europeenne, kutanthauza "European Conformity" mu Chifalansa, ndiye tanthauzo la CE. Mitundu ina ya zinthu isanagulitsidwe kulikonse mu EEA, yomwe ikuphatikizapo mayiko onse 27 a EU (kuphatikiza Portugal), iyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka chogwirizana ndi malamulo. Chizindikirocho si chizindikiro chochokera ku boma chomwe chikunena kuti katunduyo ndi wabwino kapena chizindikiro chapamwamba. M'malo mwake, ndi mawu a wopanga, omwe ndi chitsimikizo chodzitsimikizira kuti katunduyo akukwaniritsa miyezo yonse ya zaumoyo, chitetezo, ndi chilengedwe ya EU.
Chizindikiro cha CE chimatanthauza kuti munthu amene ali ndi udindo, kaya ndi wopanga woyamba wa ku China, wotumiza kunja wa EU, kapena woimira wovomerezeka, wachita kuwunika kofunikira kogwirizana ndi malamulo, wapanga chikalata chaukadaulo, ndikusaina Chikalata Chovomerezeka cha EU (DoC). Njirayo ikachitika bwino, chizindikiro cha CE chikhoza kuyikidwa pa chinthucho, ndipo chingayende momasuka pakati pa mayiko onse omwe ali mamembala a EEA popanda kufunikira kuvomerezedwanso pamlingo wadziko lonse.
Chisokonezo chachikulu chokhudza "China Export" chimachokera ku zolakwika mu logo yokha. Pali malo ena pakati pa zilembo C ndi E mu chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha CE. Zilembo zikayandikana kwambiri, zotsatira zake zimawoneka ngati chizindikiro china chomwe chikufalikira pa intaneti chotchedwa "China Export." European Commission yafufuza nkhaniyi ndipo sinapeze umboni wa chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha China Export; vuto lalikulu ndi kalembedwe koyipa, osati chinyengo chomwe chakonzedwa. Komabe, zotsatira zake pa ogulitsa kunja ndi zomwezo: ngati chizindikiro chanu cha CE sichikukwaniritsa kukula ndi kuchuluka kofunikira, misonkho ingaimitse, kuletsa, kapena kukana katundu wanu.
Ndi Zinthu Ziti Zomwe Zimafunika Kulemba Chizindikiro cha CE Mukatumiza ku Portugal
Si mitundu yonse ya zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi zilembo za CE. Malamulo ndi Malamulo a EU's New Approach Directives and Regulations, omwe amakhudza magulu ena azinthu, ndi omwe adapangitsa kuti izi zikhale zofunikira. Pakadali pano pali malamulo ndi malangizo opitilira makumi atatu olembera CE omwe akugwira ntchito mu EU. Kwa makampani aku China omwe akufuna kugulitsa ku Portugal, magulu ofunikira kwambiri ndi awa:
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Malangizo Ogwira Ntchito/Malamulo | Zofunikira zofunika |
| ogula Electronics | Malangizo Otsika a Voltage (2014/35/EU), Malangizo a EMC (2014/30/EU) | Chitetezo chamagetsi, kugwirizana kwa magetsi ndi ma elekitiromagineti |
| Zipangizo Zopanda Waya/Ma wailesi | Ma Radio Equipment Directive (RED) 2014/53/EU | WiFi, Bluetooth, LTE, zipangizo za 5G |
| zidole | Dongosolo la Chitetezo cha Toy (2009/48/EC) | Chitetezo chakuthupi, chamakina, ndi cha mankhwala |
| Machinery | Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC) | Kuwunika zoopsa, zolemba zaukadaulo |
| Medical zipangizo | MDR (EU) 2017/745 | Kufunika kodziwitsa za kutenga nawo mbali kwa bungwe |
| Zida Zomwe Zingateteze | Malamulo a PPE (EU) 2016/425 | Chitsimikizo cha chipani chachitatu chikufunika |
| Zomangamanga | Malamulo a Zogulitsa Zomangamanga (EU) 305/2011 | Kulengeza za Kuchita Bwino Kumafunika |
| Zipangizo Zamankhwala/Zamagetsi | Malangizo a RoHS (2011/65 / EU) | Kuletsa zinthu zowopsa |
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuyika chizindikiro cha CE kumafunika pazinthu zomwe zili pansi pa lamulo limodzi lokha. Lamulo la EU limanenanso kuti simungayike chizindikiro cha CE pa chinthu chomwe sichikuchifuna. Ogulitsa kunja aku China ayenera kuyang'ana mosamala malamulo omwe amagwira ntchito pa chinthu chawo. Nthawi zambiri, malamulo opitilira limodzi amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, chidole chamagetsi chingafunike kutsatira RoHS Directive, Low Voltage Directive, ndi Toy Safety Directive zonse nthawi imodzi.
Njira Yotsatira Chizindikiro cha CE: Gawo ndi Gawo
Bungwe la European Commission limafotokoza kuti chizindikiro cha CE ndi njira ya magawo asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo kwa ogulitsa aku China, gawo lililonse lili ndi kulemera kwenikweni kwalamulo. Ngati mulakwitsa nthawi iliyonse, satifiketi yonseyo ikhoza kukhala yopanda phindu, ndipo msika ungakane pamtengo wokwera.
Khwerero 1: Dziwani Zoyenera Kutsatira
Gawo loyamba ndikutsimikiza kuti mukudziwa malamulo ndi malangizo a EU omwe amagwira ntchito pa katundu wanu. Izi sizili zophweka nthawi zonse chifukwa palibe database imodzi ya EU yomwe imagwirizanitsa mitundu ya zinthu ndi malamulo omwe amagwira ntchito kwa iwo. Ogulitsa kunja ayenera kuyang'ana mu Blue Guide ya EU, kuyang'ana database ya TARIC, kapena kulemba ntchito katswiri wotsatira malamulo kuti adziwe momwe zinthu zawo zikuyendera.
Gawo 2: Chongani Zofunikira Zapadera za Chitsogozo Chilichonse
Lamulo lililonse lili ndi malamulo ofunikira pakupanga, magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, komanso momwe chinthucho chingakhudzire chilengedwe. Opanga ayenera kudziwa bwino zomwe lamulo lililonse likufuna. Magazini Yovomerezeka ya EU imafalitsa miyezo ya ku Europe yogwirizana (EN). Kukwaniritsa miyezo iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotsimikizira kuti mukutsatira malamulo.
Gawo 3: Unikani Ngati Bungwe Lodziwitsidwa Likufunika
Opanga amatha kudzitsimikizira okha zinthu zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa pogwiritsa ntchito Module A (kulamulira kwamkati kwa kupanga). Izi zikutanthauza kuti amachita mayeso awoawo, amapanga chikalata chaukadaulo, ndikupereka Chikalata Chotsimikizira Kutsatira Malamulo. Pazinthu zomwe zili zoopsa kwambiri, monga zida zachipatala, zida zodzitetezera, ndi mitundu ina ya makina, lamulo limafuna kuti Bungwe Lodziwitsa Lovomerezeka ndi EU (bungwe loyesa ndi kutsimikizira la chipani chachitatu) lichite nawo. Chikalata cha CE chisanayikidwe, Mabungwe Odziwitsa ayenera kuchita Mayeso a Mtundu wa EU ndikupereka Zikalata Zotsimikizira Kutsatira Malamulo.
Gawo 4: Yesani Chogulitsacho ndi Kulemba Fayilo Yaukadaulo
Kuyesa kuyenera kusonyeza kuti zofunikira zonse zofunika zakwaniritsidwa. Fayilo yaukadaulo iyenera kukhala ndi izi, monga kufotokozera za malonda, zojambula za kapangidwe, malipoti oyesera, kuwunika zoopsa, miyezo yogwirizana yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zambiri zokhudza njira yowunikira kufanana. Muyenera kusunga fayiloyi kwa zaka zosachepera khumi kuchokera pamene malonda omaliza adagulitsidwa, ndipo muyenera kuipereka kwa akuluakulu akaipempha.
Gawo 5: Kutulutsa Chikalata Chovomereza Chigwirizano cha EU
Chikalata Chovomereza Chigwirizano cha EU (DoC) ndi chikalata chovomerezeka chomwe wopanga kapena wothandizira wawo wovomerezeka wa EU amasaina. Chimanena kuti chinthucho chikukwaniritsa malamulo ndi malangizo onse a EU omwe amagwira ntchito pa icho. DoC iyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira, monga dzina la wopanga, kufotokozera kwa chinthucho, mndandanda wa malangizo oyenera, maumboni a miyezo yogwirizana yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi siginecha yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwalamulo.
Gawo 6: Ikani Chizindikiro cha CE
Chizindikiro cha CE chikhoza kuikidwa pa chinthucho pambuyo poti magawo onse omwe ali pamwambapa atha. Chizindikirocho chiyenera kukhala chomveka bwino, chosavuta kuwerenga, komanso chokhazikika. Chiyenera kukhala chotalika osachepera 5mm ndipo chikhale ndi malo oyenera pakati pa zilembo za C ndi E. Apa ndi pomwe ma logo omwe si a kukula koyenera amayambitsa mavuto. Ngati simungathe kuyika chizindikiro cha CE mwachindunji pa katunduyo, chiyenera kukhala pa phukusi kapena mapepala omwe amabwera nacho.
Zofunikira Zapadera Zokhudza Kutumiza Zinthu ku Portugal pa Katundu Waku China
Kuwonjezera pa kutsatira malamulo olembera CE, ogulitsa katundu aku China omwe amatumiza katundu ku Portugal ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za misonkho, misonkho, ndi mapepala pamalire. Portugal imatsatira miyezo ya misonkho ya EU, komanso ili ndi malamulo ake omwe amatsatiridwa ndi Portugal Tax and Customs Authority (Autoridade Tributaria e Aduaneira, kapena AT).
Kugawa Ma Customs ndi TARIC
Mano Ophatikizana a EU (CN) ndi ndondomeko ya ma tariff code okhala ndi manambala asanu ndi atatu omwe katundu yense wobwera ku Portugal kuchokera ku China ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Khodi ya TARIC, yomwe imayimira "Integrated Tariff," imapangidwa ndi manambala ena awiri. Ili ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi tariffs, njira zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu, ma quota, ndi zida zina zamalonda. Katundu wochokera ku China angafunike kulipira ndalama zachikhalidwe za mayiko ena, ndipo nthawi zina, misonkho yotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu yomwe imapangitsa kuti kutumiza katunduyo kukhale kokwera mtengo kwambiri. Ogulitsa katundu wawo asanatumize katundu wawo, ayenera kuyang'ana ma khodi awo azinthu mu database ya TARIC.
Kuwerengera Mtengo wa Misonkho ndi Kuwerengera Misonkho
Njira ya CIF (Cost, Inshuwalansi, Freight) imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Portugal kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa msonkho zimaphatikizapo mtengo wa zinthuzo, mtengo wotumizira, ndi mtengo wa inshuwalansi kumalire a dziko la Portugal. Ogulitsa kunja aku China ayenera kudziwa izi bwino chifukwa ndalama zambiri zotumizira zimakweza mwachindunji msonkho wa msonkho wa msonkho, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuwerengera kwa VAT.
| Mtundu wa Misonkho/Ndalama | mlingo | Maziko | zolemba |
| Customs Duty | Zimasiyanasiyana (0–12%+) | Mtengo wapatali wa magawo CIF | Kutengera ndi HS code ndi TARIC; anti-dumping ingagwiritsidwe ntchito |
| VAT (IVA) — Yokhazikika | 23% | CIF + Misonkho ya Kasitomu | Yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa katundu wambiri; ikhoza kubwezedwa ndi mabizinesi olembetsedwa ku VAT |
| VAT (IVA) — Wapakati | 13% | CIF + Misonkho ya Kasitomu | Zakudya zina, zinthu zaulimi, ntchito zamahotela |
| VAT (IVA) — Yachepetsedwa | 6% | CIF + Misonkho ya Kasitomu | Katundu wofunikira, mabuku, mankhwala ena |
| Misonkho ya Katundu Wapaintaneti | 3% | Mtengo wogulitsa | Zatsopano kuyambira Januwale 2025 za ntchito za digito/zinthu zamagetsi |
| De Minimis Threshold | EUR 175 | Mtengo wolengezedwa | Kutumiza pansi pa izi kungakhale koyenera kulandira chithandizo chosavuta |
Kufulumira kwa Portugal kuti zinthu zisinthe kukhala za digito ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe chidzachitike mu 2025. Tsamba la eAduana liyenera kukhala litayamba kugwira ntchito pofika kotala lachitatu la 2025. Izi zithandizira kwambiri njira yochotsera katundu wotsatira malamulo komanso woperekedwa pa intaneti. Makampani ogulitsa katundu ndi makampani otumiza katundu omwe amasintha njira iyi ya digito azitha kukonza zinthu mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yochotsera katundu wotsatira malamulo ikutsika kale mpaka maola 24 mpaka 48.
Nambala ya EORI ndi Ogwira Ntchito Zachuma Ovomerezeka
Kuti adutse malamulo okhudza kasitomu ku Portugal, ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja kwa EU ndi oimira awo omwe ali ku EU ayenera kukhala ndi nambala ya EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification). Ngati kampani yaku China ilibe kale mu EU, njira yachizolowezi yochitira bizinesi ndikulankhula ndi wogulitsa katundu wodziwika bwino wochokera ku Portugal kapena EU yemwe ali ndi nambala ya EORI. Kwa ogulitsa katundu ambiri, kupeza udindo wa Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) ndi njira ina yomwe ingathandize kuti kasitomu igwire ntchito mwachangu.
Chofunikira cha Woyimira EU
Malinga ndi malamulo a chitetezo cha zinthu ku EU, makamaka General Product Safety Regulation yomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2024, opanga omwe ali ndi likulu lawo kunja kwa EU ayenera kutchula Munthu Wodalirika kapena Wogwira Ntchito Zachuma ku EU pamagulu ambiri azinthu zomwe zili ndi chizindikiro cha CE. Munthu kapena gululi ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka mwalamulo woonetsetsa kuti mapepala otsatira malamulo alipo, kugwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu oyang'anira msika, komanso kuchitapo kanthu ngati pakufunika kutero. Kwa ogulitsa aku China, nthawi zambiri izi zimaphatikizapo kulemba ntchito wothandizira wotsatira malamulo kapena wogulitsa yemwe ali ndi likulu lake ku Portugal kapena dziko lina la EU kuti achite izi.
Zolakwa Zomwe Ogulitsa Ku China Amachita
Deta yokhudza malonda pakati pa EU ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala ake, monga Portugal, kwa zaka zingapo ikuwonetsa kuti ogulitsa aku China amaphwanya malamulo nthawi zonse. Kudziwa mavutowa pasadakhale kungapulumutse nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri.
Anthu nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa kuganiza kuti chizindikiro cha CE kuchokera ku chinthu chakale kapena chitsanzo chofanana nacho chimagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo ku chinthu chatsopano. Kutsatira malamulo a CE kumakhala kosiyana pa chinthu chilichonse. Ngati kapangidwe, ziwalo, mapulogalamu, kapena momwe zinthu zikuyendera zisintha, kuwunikanso malamulo atsopano kungafunike. Ogulitsa kunja ambiri amasakaniza miyezo ya dziko la China (monga satifiketi ya CCC) ndi miyezo yogwirizana ya EU. Izi si chinthu chimodzi ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa wina ndi mnzake.
Kulemba zilembo za CE molakwika ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Monga tidanenera kale, mtunda wofunikira wa chizindikiro cha CE ndi wofunikira. Kasitomu waletsa kutumiza chifukwa ma logo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri (osakwana 5mm), pafupi kwambiri, kapena m'malo omwe sangawonekere kapena kuwerengedwa. Ichi ndi cholakwika chomwe chingakonzedwe, koma chiyenera kuchitika katundu asanachoke pafakitale.
Vuto lina lofala ndi mafayilo aukadaulo omwe sali okwanira. Nthawi zina, opanga aku China amangopanga mapepala akafunsidwa, osati asanachite izi. Koma lamulo la EU limati fayilo yaukadaulo iyenera kukhala yokonzeka chizindikiro cha CE chisanayikidwe pa chipangizocho komanso chisanagulitsidwe ku EU. Ngati akuluakulu a kasitomu ku Portugal kapena oyang'anira msika apempha zikalata ndipo sizikupezeka, katunduyo akhoza kugwidwa kapena kubwezedwa.
Pomaliza, anthu ambiri ogulitsa kunja saganiza kuti Chikalata Chotsatira Malamulo ndi chikalata chofunikira kwambiri. Ndi chikalata chalamulo chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi zambiri zina. Malamulo a EU savomereza DoC yodziwika bwino kapena yosavomerezeka, kapena yomwe yasainidwa ndi munthu wolakwika. Chifukwa chakuti malamulo okhudza kasitomu ku Portugal ndi okhwima ndipo EU ili ndi njira yoyang'anira msika, zolakwika izi za mapepala zitha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri pazamalamulo ndi zachuma.
Kulemba kwa CE vs. Kutumiza kunja kwa China: Kufotokozera Chisokonezo
Popeza kusokonezeka kwa CE/China Export kumabwera kawirikawiri m'magazini amalonda, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, komanso ngakhale zokambirana za nyumba yamalamulo, ndikofunikira kukambirana za izi mwachindunji. Mu 2024, Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Europe idabweretsa nkhaniyi, ponena kuti zizindikiro ziwirizi zikufanana kwambiri kotero kuti zimasokoneza makasitomala ndi akuluakulu otumiza kunja. Funso la Nyumba Yamalamulo lidati palibe zambiri zomwe zingachitike mwalamulo kuti anthu asamagwiritse ntchito molakwika chizindikiro cha CE chifukwa si chizindikiro cha EU.
Ku Portugal ndi ku EEA konse, chizindikiro chokhacho chovomerezeka cha ogulitsa kunja aku China ndi chizindikiro cha Conformite Europeenne cha EU. Kugwiritsa ntchito logo iliyonse yomwe sikutsatira mtundu wa chizindikiro cha CE, kaya mwadala kapena mwangozi, kumaika wogulitsa kunja ndi wotumiza kunja wa EU pachiwopsezo cholangidwa. Njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo ovomerezeka a chizindikiro cha CE kuchokera patsamba la European Commission m'makulidwe oyenera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kusindikiza kapena kulemba zilembo pa gulu lililonse la zinthu kukukwaniritsa zofunikira.
| mbali | CE (Conformite Europeanenne) | CE (Yosaperekedwa Molakwika / Mtundu Wolakwika) |
| Mkhalidwe Walamulo ku EU/Portugal | Zovomerezeka mokwanira komanso zofunikira mwalamulo | Palibe udindo walamulo; maziko a zochita zokakamiza |
| Zimene Izo Imasonyeza | Chitetezo, thanzi, ndi kutsata malamulo a EU | Palibe — palibe chizindikiro chovomerezeka chovomerezeka |
| Ndani Amachitulutsa | Wopanga/wotumiza katundu atatha kuwunika bwino momwe zinthu zilili | Palibe bungwe lopereka — si chizindikiro chovomerezeka |
| Malo Owonekera | Kusiyana koyenera pakati pa C ndi E | Zilembo zoyandikana kwambiri; kuchuluka kolakwika |
| Kutalika Kwambiri | 5mm ikufunika | N / A |
| Zolemba Zofunikira | Fayilo yaukadaulo, DoC, malipoti oyesera | Palibe (palibe njira yotsatirira malamulo) |
| Kuvomereza Kasitomu | Inde, ndi zikalata zovomerezeka zotsatizana ndi malamulo | Ayi — zingayambitse kumangidwa kapena kukanidwa |
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumathandizira Kutumiza Zinthu Ku China ndi Portugal
Kutsatira malamulo a CE ndi kutsatira malamulo otumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Portugal, koma njira zoyendetsera katundu ndi zovuta. Gawo lililonse la unyolo woperekera katundu, kuyambira pansi popanga zinthu ku Guangdong kapena Zhejiang mpaka ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Lisbon kapena Porto, liyenera kukonzedwa bwino kuti pasakhale kuchedwa, kuwonongeka, kapena ndalama zina zowonjezera.
Kampani ya Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira katundu kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010. Topway ili ndi chidziwitso chambiri pa njira yolumikizirana pakati pa China ndi Europe chifukwa gulu loyambitsa lakhala likugwira ntchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja kwa zaka zoposa 15. Kampaniyo imayang'ana kwambiri mayendedwe aku China ndi US, ndipo ntchito zake zikuphatikizapo madoko ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo Leixoes (Porto) ndi Lisbon, omwe ndi malo awiri akuluakulu otumizira katundu ku Portugal.
Ntchito za Topway zimaphimba unyolo wonse wa zinthu, kotero ndi malo amodzi operekera katundu kwa ogulitsa aku China omwe akufuna kutumiza zinthu zolembedwa ndi CE ku Portugal. Kampaniyo imasamalira mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku fakitale kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku China, kunja kwa dzikolo. kuwuza (chomwe ndi chofunikira kwambiri kwa ogulitsa malonda apaintaneti omwe akufuna kukwaniritsa zomwe EU ikufuna kuti akwaniritse zomwe makasitomala aku Portugal komanso EU akuyembekezera), chilolezo cha misonkho kudzera mu njira zamisonkho za ku Portugal ndi EU, komanso kutumiza katundu kwa makasitomala kapena malo ogawa katundu ku Portugal.
Topway imapereka ntchito zosinthira zonyamula katundu wa m'nyanja wodzaza ndi chidebe (FCL) ndi wocheperapo kuposa chidebe (LCL) kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi kwa mabizinesi omwe amatumiza katundu wambiri. Ntchito zophatikizana za LCL zimathandiza ogulitsa malonda apaintaneti kudutsa malire kuti adziwike pamsika waku Portugal potumiza katundu wochepa womwe ungawonjezeke pamene kampaniyo ikukula. Njira zina za FCL zimapatsa amalonda ambiri malo apadera osungiramo zinthu komanso nthawi yodalirika yoyendera komanso mitengo.
Chidziwitso cha Topway chokhudza kuchotsera msonkho wa katundu wa pa kasitomu n'chofunika kwambiri pa nkhani yokhudza kutsatira malamulo a CE. Ogulitsa katundu wa pa kasitomu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso amadziwa zomwe mapepala a kasitomu wa ku Portugal amafunikira, monga EU Declaration of Conformity, mafayilo aukadaulo, ndi malo oyenera a chizindikiro cha CE. Angawonenso mavuto asanayambe kuchedwa kwambiri. Kwa ogulitsa katundu aku China omwe sangazolowere kutsatira malamulo a EU, kugwirizana ndi mnzake wothandizana naye wodziwa njira zotumizira katundu waku China komanso malamulo otumizira katundu ku Portugal ndi phindu lalikulu pantchito.
Kupanga Bizinesi Yokhazikika Yotumiza Zinthu Kunja Pakati pa China ndi Portugal
Portugal yakhala njira yokopa kwambiri kuti katundu waku China alowe mumsika wa EU. Chifukwa ndi dziko la doko la Atlantic ku Western Europe lomwe lili ndi zomangamanga zabwino zamalonda komanso mwayi wolowa mumsika wa EU, ndi njira yabwino yolowera. Kwa ogulitsa aku China omwe amachita bizinesi kudutsa malire, kuchuluka kwa ogula pa intaneti ku Portugal, limodzi ndi maukonde okwaniritsa zinthu a EU omwe amapangitsa kuti zinthu ziyende mosavuta, amapereka mwayi weniweni wanthawi yayitali.
Kuti mupitirizebe ndi mwayi umenewu, muyenera kuwona kutsatira chizindikiro cha CE ngati pulogalamu yopitilira m'malo mongodina kamodzi kokha. Malamulo a EU amasiyana pakapita nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, General Product Safety Regulation, kusintha kwa Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, ndi kusintha komwe kumayembekezeredwa ku malangizo ena kumatanthauza kuti malamulo a mitundu ina ya zinthu akhoza kusintha. Ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe amakhazikitsa njira zowunikira mkati mwa malamulo, kusunga mafayilo awo aukadaulo atsopano, ndikukulitsa ubale wolimba ndi othandizira ochokera ku EU ndi akatswiri otsatira malamulo adzakhala okonzeka kusintha.
Kumanga mgwirizano wodalirika wokhudza kuchotsera katundu ndi katundu wa kasitomu n'kofunika kwambiri kuti zinthu ziyende bwino kwa nthawi yayitali kumbali ya kayendetsedwe ka katundu. Kukhala ndi njira zotumizira katundu, zofunikira pa mapepala, ndi kulumikizana ndi alangizi a kasitomu kumachepetsa mwayi wa kuchedwa kapena mavuto okhudzana ndi kutsatira malamulo omwe angabwere mwadzidzidzi. Pamene tsamba la kasitomu la eAduana ku Portugal likuyamba kugwira ntchito, ogulitsa katundu kunja ndi anzawo ogwirizana nawo omwe ali okonzeka kulowa pa intaneti adzatha kutumiza katundu wawo mwachangu komanso motsimikiza.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza kunja kuchokera ku China kupita ku Portugal ndi mwayi waukulu wamalonda, koma pali malamulo okhwima omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa. Kuyika chizindikiro cha CE ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Zinthu zomwe zimafunikira sizingalowe mwalamulo pamsika wa Portugal kapena EU popanda icho. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo kupeza malangizo oyenera, kuchita mayeso oyenera ogwirizana ndi malamulo, kupanga fayilo yovomerezeka yaukadaulo, kulemba Chikalata Chovomerezeka mwalamulo, ndikuyika chizindikiro cha CE chomwe chili ndi kukula koyenera.
Kuwonjezera pa chizindikiro cha CE, malamulo olowera ku Portugal akuphatikizapo njira zina, monga kugawa koyenera kwa TARIC, kuwerengera mitengo ya zinthu zochokera ku CIF, VAT pamlingo wamba wa 23% pazinthu zambiri, komanso kufunikira kwaposachedwa kwa Munthu Wodalirika wochokera ku EU pamagulu angapo azinthu. Portugal ikupita patsogolo ku kukonza zinthu za digito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ogulitsa kunja omwe amakonza mapepala awo ndikugwirizana ndi anzawo odziwa bwino ntchito zoyendetsera katundu adzalandira katundu wawo kudzera muzinthu zamtengo wapatali mwachangu komanso mopanda zovuta zambiri.
Ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe akufuna kulowa mumsikawu mwanjira yokhalitsa ayenera kudziwa momwe angatsatire malamulo ndikuchita bwino ntchito yogulitsa katundu. Ntchito zonse zogulitsa katundu za Topway Shipping, zomwe zikuphatikizapo mayendedwe oyamba, katundu wa panyanja, kuchotsera katundu wakunja, ndi kutumiza katundu wapafupi, zimapatsa ogulitsa aku China omwe akutsatira malamulo a CE zomangamanga zomwe amafunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchito pamsika waku Portugal. Kupeza bwino katundu ndi kutsatira malamulo ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu wotumizidwa kamodzi kokha akhale bizinesi yopambana komanso yotukuka yotumiza katundu kunja.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi chizindikiro cha CE chikufunika pazinthu zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku China kupita ku Portugal?
A: Ayi. Mitundu ina ya zinthu zomwe zili ndi malangizo ndi malamulo a EU ndi zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha CE. Koma pali malamulo oposa 30 omwe amakhudza zamagetsi, zoseweretsa, makina, zida zachipatala, PPE, ndi zina zambiri. Chizindikiro cha CE chimafunika ndi lamulo musanagulitse malonda anu ku Portugal ngati akugwirizana ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi chizindikirocho.
Q: Kodi wopanga waku China angazitsimikizire yekha kuti ali ndi chizindikiro cha CE, kapena kodi bungwe lachitatu lodziwitsa limafunika nthawi zonse?
A: Zimatengera momwe chinthucho chilili choopsa komanso malangizo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito Module A (internal production control), zinthu zambiri zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga. Koma poyesa ndi kutsimikizira, zinthu zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chachikulu monga zida zachipatala ndi zida zodzitetezera ziyenera kukhala ndi bungwe lovomerezeka ndi EU lovomerezeka ndi bungweli.
Q: Kodi chizindikiro cha 'China Export' CE ndi chiyani ndipo kodi chili ndi udindo uliwonse wovomerezeka ku Portugal?
A: Zimatengera momwe chinthucho chilili choopsa komanso malangizo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito Module A (internal production control), zinthu zambiri zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga. Koma poyesa ndi kutsimikizira, zinthu zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chachikulu monga zida zachipatala ndi zida zodzitetezera ziyenera kukhala ndi bungwe lovomerezeka ndi EU lovomerezeka ndi bungweli.
Q: Kodi ndi chiwongola dzanja chotani cha VAT chomwe chimagwira ntchito pa katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku Portugal?
A: Mtengo wa VAT (IVA) wamba ku Portugal ndi 23%, ndipo umagwira ntchito pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimabweretsedwa mdziko muno. Mitundu ina ya zinthu, monga zakudya zina ndi zinthu zoyambira, imalipitsidwa mitengo yotsika ya 13% ndi 6%. Mtengo wa CIF (mtengo wa zinthuzo kuphatikiza kutumiza ndi inshuwaransi) kuphatikiza ndalama zilizonse zolipirira msonkho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera VAT. Mabizinesi omwe adalembetsa ku VAT nthawi zambiri amatha kubweza VAT yochokera kunja yomwe adalipira kudzera mu VAT yawo yanthawi zonse.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping imagwira ntchito yochotsera katundu wa pa kasitomu ku Portugal?
A: Inde. Monga gawo la ntchito zake zonse zoyendetsera zinthu, Topway Shipping imapereka ntchito zonse zoyendetsera zinthu zapakhomo. Topway yakhala ikugwira ntchito yoyendetsa zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka zoposa 15. Akatswiri awo angathandize ndi mapepala a msonkho ku Portugal ndi EU, kuonetsetsa kuti katundu waku China wotsatira malamulo a CE amadutsa mwachangu komanso popanda kuchedwa kosayenera.
Q: Kodi chilolezo cha msonkho ku Portugal chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti katundu wochokera ku China agulitsidwe?
A: Pamene dziko la Portugal likupitilizabe kusintha njira zake zoyendetsera zinthu kudzera pa intaneti kudzera pa eAduana portal, nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa pa intaneti zigwirizane ndi malamulo zikuchepa, tsopano zikutenga maola 24 mpaka 48 okha. Koma zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa zomwe zilibe mapepala oyenera, zomwe zili ndi chizindikiro cholakwika cha CE, kapena zomwe zili ndi ma code a TARIC omwe awonetsedwa zingafunike kudikira nthawi yayitali kuti ziwunikidwe. Njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsetsa kuti katundu watumizidwa mwachangu ndikukhala ndi mapepala onse ofunikira otsatira malamulo asanachoke ku China.
