Kuchulukitsa Katundu Kuchokera ku China Kupita ku France: Momwe Mungawerengere Bilu Yonyamula Katundu Popanda Kutenthedwa ndi Zigawo Zobisika
Introduction
Malonda apakati pa China ndi France adafika pa $68.75 biliyoni m'miyezi 10 yoyambirira ya 2025, kukwera ndi 4.1 peresenti pachaka, pomwe kutumiza kwa China ku France kukwera ndi 7.0 peresenti, makamaka chifukwa cha mipando, zida zapakhomo, zida zolimbitsa thupi ndi makina amafakitale. Kunena kwina, msewu wa China ndi France si msewu wapadera koma ndi umodzi mwa msewu waukulu kwambiri wonyamula katundu padziko lonse lapansi.
Koma pa chidebe chilichonse chomwe chimachoka ku Shenzhen n’kufika bwino m’nyumba yosungiramo katundu kunja kwa mzinda wa Paris, palinso katundu wina amene wotumizayo akuyang’ana bilu yosayembekezereka, mlandu wowononga katundu wosayembekezereka kapena katundu wosungidwa ku Le Havre yemwe sangathe kumupeza. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa chachikulu chimabwerera ku chikalata chimodzi chomwe adasaina osawerenga bwino - Bill of Lading.
Bill of Lading (BOL) imagwira ntchito ngati risiti ya katundu, pangano la mayendedwe, ndi (likaperekedwa mwanjira yokambirana) chikalata choyimira umwini wa katundu wanu mwalamulo pamene akudutsa. Pa katundu wamkulu wodutsa kuchokera ku China kupita ku France, komwe mapaketi amatha kulemera matani asanu ndi atatu, kukhala ndi mamita asanu ndi atatu kutalika, komanso kudutsa njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera kuphatikizapo kutumiza katundu panyanja, sitima, ndi magalimoto oyenda mtunda wautali, mavuto owerenga BOL molakwika ndi akulu kwambiri. Chiganizo chimodzi chosowa chingakulepheretseni kupeza ndalama zochepa chabe za katundu wanu, malinga ndi ndalama zowonjezera zomwe simunavomereze pokambirana, kapena kukukanizani ufulu wopempha zonse.
Nkhaniyi ikupatsani chidziwitso chothandiza kuti muwerenge BOL ndi diso lolunjika — osati mopanda kungokhala chete — musanasayine. Tidzafotokoza kapangidwe ka chikalatacho, zigawo zinazake zomwe zimakopa otumiza katundu ambiri osadziwa, malamulo a msewu uwu mu 2025 ndi 2026, ndi zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana mwa mnzanu wonyamula katundu yemwe sangakusiyeni pamavuto.
Kodi Bill of Welding Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni (Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani Katundu Wochuluka Kwambiri Amawonjezera Mtengo)
Pa mlingo woyambira, Bill of Lading ndi chikalata choperekedwa ndi wonyamula katundu kapena wotumiza katundu chomwe chimagwira ntchito zitatu zalamulo nthawi imodzi. Chimavomereza kuti wonyamula katunduyo walandira zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa mu mkhalidwe womwe waperekedwa. Chimafotokoza mawu omwe agwirizana omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito ponyamula zinthu zina. Ndipo, pankhani ya BOL yokambirana kapena "oda", ndi chikalata chomwe chimasankha umwini, mwachitsanzo, aliyense amene ali ndi kopi yoyambirira yosainidwa ndiye mwini wa katunduyo.
Pa ma phukusi omwe nthawi zambiri amalemera zosakwana makilogalamu 30, BOL nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyang'anira. Pa katundu wamkulu kwambiri, wofotokozedwa ndi Topway Shipping ngati katundu wokhala ndi m'mphepete umodzi wautali kuposa mamita asanu ndi atatu, chidutswa chimodzi cholemera matani oposa asanu ndi atatu kapena kutalika kopitilira mamita 2.57, BOL ndi pangano lomwe limalamulira unyolo wovuta kwambiri wonyamula katundu. Sofa yotumizidwa kuchokera ku Foshan kupita ku Lyon idzadutsa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Shenzhen, idzadzazidwa mu chidebe, idzatumizidwa kudutsa nyanja kupita ku Le Havre kapena Marseille, idzadutsa m'makhothi aku France pa malamulo a DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), yomwe imasungidwa ku malo ogawa katundu ku Europe ndipo pamapeto pake idzaperekedwa pokonzekera ku adilesi yogona. BOL yanu, ndi mapangano apadziko lonse omwe aphatikizidwa ndi mawu ofotokozera, amayang'anira gawo lililonse la magawowa.
Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu pakati pa Master Bill of Lading (MBL) ndi House Bill of Lading (HBL) ndikuti. MBL imaperekedwa kwa wotumiza katundu wanu ndi kampani yonyamula katundu m'nyanja. Wotumiza katundu wanu adzakupatsani HBL. Otumiza katundu omwe amasungitsa kudzera mwa apakati, zomwe zimachitika kwa ogulitsa ambiri ogulitsa pa intaneti, nthawi zambiri samawona MBL. Salumikizana ndi HBL. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa MBL ikhoza kukhala ndi malire osiyana amilandu, malamulo olamulira komanso njira zothetsera mikangano kwa omwe ali mu HBL, ndipo pakakhala vuto lalikulu, mapangano onsewa adzagwira ntchito.
Ndondomeko Yoyang'anira: Ndi Malamulo Otani Amene Amalamulira Kutumiza Kwanu
Kuti mumvetse mawu ovuta mu BOL, choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa malamulo omwe amakhazikitsa maziko a zigawo zimenezo. Ma BOL ambiri onyamula katundu panyanja panjira ya China-France akuphatikizapo Malamulo a Hague-Visby, omwe amachepetsa udindo wa wonyamula katundu ku 2 Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) pa kilogalamu iliyonse yolemera kapena 666.67 SDRs pa phukusi lililonse, chilichonse chomwe chili chachikulu. Pa mpando wopaka masaji wa 500kg wokhala ndi mtengo wamalonda wa ma euro 2000, kubweza kwakukulu pansi pa Hague-Visby kungakhale pafupifupi 1000 SDRs - kapena pafupifupi 1200 euros pamitengo yamakono. Nthawi yayitali.
Msonkhano wa CMR umagwira ntchito katundu wanu wamkulu akangolowa mu France ndipo wanyamulidwa pamsewu. CMR imaika udindo wocheperako wa katundu wonyamula katundu wa pafupifupi 8.33 SDRs pa kilogalamu, womwe ndi wokulirapo pa kilogalamu kuposa Hague-Visby koma mwina uli pansi kwambiri pa mtengo weniweni wa malonda a katunduyo. Kuwonjezera pa mapangano apadziko lonse, France imagwiritsanso ntchito Code des Transports yomwe imapereka malamulo am'deralo, makamaka potumiza katundu wambiri pamene gawo limodzi lomwe kuwonongeka kwachitika silingatsimikizidwe. Pazochitika zimenezo, makhothi aku France amagwiritsa ntchito malamulo a wonyamula katundu wogwirizana panjira yonse.
Kusintha kwakukulu kwa malamulo kunayamba kugwira ntchito pa Disembala 28, 2024. Msonkhano wa ku Montreal unawonjezera malire a udindo wa makampani oyendetsa ndege apadziko lonse kufika pa 26 SDR pa kilogalamu kuchokera pa 22 SDR, pafupifupi 18 peresenti. Ngati katundu wanu wina waukulu kwambiri (womwe umapezeka nthawi zambiri pa zinthu zamtengo wapatali) umanyamulidwa ndi ndege, zopempha zomwe zimaperekedwa pambuyo pa tsikulo zimadalira pa denga latsopano. katundu inshuwalansi miyezo ikupitanso patsogolo pang'onopang'ono ku chitetezo chofunikira cha katundu wodutsa malire kuyambira mu 2025 ndipo deta yamakampani ikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa milandu yokana kuwonongeka kwawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 15 peresenti mu 2024, makamaka chifukwa cha kusapezeka bwino kwa umboni panthawi yopereka.
Mapulani amenewa si aukadaulo. Amadziwika bwino ndi onyamula katundu ndi otumiza katundu ndipo malamulo omwe amalemba mu ma BOL amakonzedwa kuti agwire ntchito mkati mwake ndipo nthawi zina amapezerapo mwayi pa malamulo awa.
Ma Framework Ogwira Ntchito Okhudza Udindo Pogwiritsa Ntchito Njira Yoyendera
| Njira Yoyendera | Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Ntchito | Chiwongola dzanja (pa kg) | zolemba |
| Maulendo apanyanja | Malamulo a Hague-Visby | Ma SDR awiri/kg kapena 666.67 Ma SDR/paketi | Mabomba ambiri a nyanja ya China-France amaphatikizapo |
| Msewu (mkati mwa Europe) | Msonkhano wa CMR | 8.33 SDRs/kg | France ikugwiritsanso ntchito Code des Transports |
| Sitima (China-Europe) | CIM / SMGS | Zimasiyana malinga ndi woyendetsa sitima | Yang'anani mosamala mawu a kampani yonyamula katundu payekha |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Msonkhano wa Montreal | 26 SDRs/kg (kuyambira pa Disembala 28, 2024) | Yasinthidwa kukwera ~18% kuchokera pa ma SDR 22/kg am'mbuyomu |
| Kuwonongeka kwa multimodal (kosakhazikika) | Malamulo a kampani yonyamula katundu | Ikugwiritsidwa ntchito paulendo wonse | Makhothi aku France sanachite bwino ngati mwendo wawonongeka sudziwika |
Zigawo Zisanu ndi Ziwiri za BOL Zomwe Zimawotcha Otumiza Zonyamula Zambiri Nthawi Zonse
Chigawo cha Udindo Wofunika
Ma BOL onse ali ndi malire a udindo. Mu kopi ya thupi, idzanena china chake ngati "msonkhano wapadziko lonse" kapena "$1.50 pa paundi. Chomwe otumiza ambiri sadziwa ndichakuti ngati simulemba mtengo wowonjezera ndikulipira ndalama zomwe zikugwirizana nawo, mumakhala ndi malirewo panthawi yopempha - mosasamala kanthu kuti katunduyo ndi wotani kwenikweni. Ziwerengero zokhazikika pa katundu wamkati ku US nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika ngati $0.50-$1.00 pa paundi. Nthawi zambiri ma BOL apadziko lonse lapansi amakhala ndi chipewa cha Hague-Visby 2 SDR/kg ngati pansi. Pansi pa chipewa chachizolowezi, treadmill ya $3,000 yolemera makilogalamu 400 ingalipidwe $800 yokha. Yankho lake ndi kulengeza mtengo weniweni m'munda wosankhidwa patsamba la nkhope la BOL ndikulipira ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zalengezedwa - kapena kupeza inshuwaransi yodziyimira payokha ya katundu yomwe siyidalira udindo wa wonyamula katundu.
Chiganizo cha "Kunena Kuti Mukhale Nacho"
Ngati wotumiza katundu kapena wonyamula katundu sakuyang'ana katundu wanu, BOL idzakhala "idanenedwa kuti ili ndi katundu" isanafotokozedwe za katunduyo. Si mwambo chabe. Ikukupatsani umboni wochuluka monga wotumiza katunduyo pa zomwe zili mkati. Ngati mulandira chidebe chanu chopanda kanthu ndipo BOL imati "idanenedwa kuti ili ndi mipando 10 yosisita," wonyamula katunduyo anganene kuti walandira chidebe chotsekedwa ndipo sali ndi udindo pa kusiyana kwa mkati. Pa zinthu zazikulu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawunikidwa ndikupakidwa pafakitale, onetsetsani kuti wotumiza katundu wanu wapereka BOL yoyera yokhala ndi mafotokozedwe enieni a katunduyo komanso kuti zithunzi zonyamula katundu ndi ziphaso zolemera zimasungidwa ngati gawo la fayilo yanu yotumizira.
"Chigawo cha Ufulu" kapena Chigawo Chosinthira Njira Zina
Gawo la BOL lomwe lili patsamba lakumbuyo, lomwe lili ndi mawu ofanana ndi a nyanja iliyonse, limapatsa wonyamula katundu mwayi wopatuka kuchoka panjira yomwe adagwirizana, kutumiza katunduyo popanda chidziwitso ndikulipiritsa katundu wowonjezera chifukwa chochita izi. Gawoli linayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri mu 2024 ndi 2025 pamene mavuto a Nyanja Yofiira adapangitsa kuti onyamula katundu azizungulira Cape of Good Hope, zomwe zidawonjezera masiku 12 ndi zina zambiri pamtengo wotumizira ku Europe. Gawo la ufulu wa wonyamula katunduyo linalamulidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira motsutsana ndi otumiza katundu omwe adatseka mitengo ndipo amayembekezera doko linalake lotulutsira katundu. Pa katundu wamkulu wokhala ndi mawindo otsekeka, monga mipando yoperekedwa ndi tsiku linalake lokhazikitsa, lamuloli lingayambitse zilango zomwe zimaposa mtengo wowonjezera wa katundu.
Chidziwitso cha Zofuna
Pansi pa Hague-Visby, kuwonongeka kwa katundu kuyenera kulembedwa kwa wonyamula katunduyo panthawi yotumiza katunduyo. Pa kuwonongeka kosaoneka, nthawi yodziwitsa ndi masiku atatu. Ngati mwaphonya nthawi imeneyo, pempho lanu limaonedwa kuti ndi losavomerezeka - wonyamula katunduyo alibe udindo woyankha. Zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa m'matumba akuluakulu otumizira katundu nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa m'matumba amatabwa ndipo kuwonongeka kwamkati sikungawonekere pofika. Sikofunikira kupempha gulu lanu lolandira katundu kapena wothandizira womaliza kuti atsatire malangizo omveka bwino kuti azindikire kusiyana kulikonse kwakunja pa risiti yotumizira katunduyo, ngakhale kutakhala kochepa bwanji, ndikutsatira chidziwitso cholembedwa mkati mwa nthawi yofunikira. Ziwerengero zamakampani za 2025 zikusonyeza kuti kuchedwa kwa katundu wopitilira 40% kumachitika chifukwa cha mapepala osakwanira kapena ochedwa.
Chigawo cha Malamulo ndi Ulamuliro
Ma BOL ambiri a m'nyanja ali ndi gawo lonena kuti nkhani zilizonse ziyenera kuyankhidwa m'dziko lomwe kampani yonyamula katunduyo ikukhala - nthawi zambiri ku Hong Kong, Taiwan kapena kumayiko ena aku Europe - komanso motsatira malamulo a dzikolo. Ogula ochokera ku France omwe akufuna kupereka chindapusa motsutsana ndi kampani yonyamula katundu wa m'nyanja yaku China angafunike kulemba ntchito loya wakunja, kutsatira njira yamalamulo yosadziwika bwino ndikuwononga ndalama zambiri pa njira yopezera chindapusa kuposa momwe chindapusacho chilili. Otumiza katundu ena amapereka ma BOL okhala ndi malamulo a ku France kapena EU kapena osachepera magawo oweruza milandu omwe angayambitse kusakatula kwa anthu osalowerera ndale. Funsani za izi musanasungitse malo, makamaka pazinthu zazikulu kwambiri.
Chikalata cha Ngongole Yonyamula Katundu
Ma BOL ambiri ali ndi chiganizo cha lien chomwe chimalola wonyamula katundu kusunga katundu wanu mpaka ndalama zonse zonyamula katundu zomwe sizinalipidwe, kuphatikizapo za kutumiza kwina ndi wotumiza yemweyo, zitalipidwa zonse. Ngati mutatumiza ndi wotumiza katundu yemwe amaphatikiza katundu wa makasitomala ambiri, zinthu zanu zitha kugwidwa ndi lien yochokera ku invoice yosalipidwa ya kasitomala wina. Izi ndizosowa koma zawonedwa. Mwachizolowezi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti wotumiza katundu wanu akupereka HBL yomwe imasiyanitsa bwino kutumiza kwanu ndi kusungitsa kwakukulu komanso kuti malipiro anu ndi anthawi zonse katunduyo asanafike padoko lopitako.
Chigawo cha "Momwe Chilili" ndi Ma BOL Oyera vs. Claused
BOL yoyera imatanthauza kuti mthengayo adatenga zinthuzo m'dongosolo labwino. BOL yolembedwa - kapena "yodetsedwa" - imasonyeza kusakhazikika monga kulongedza kowonongeka, kusowa kwa kuchuluka kapena mavuto a khalidwe omwe apezeka ponyamula katundu. Njira yolephera kwambiri apa ndi pamene wotumiza amalola BOL yoyera kuti iperekedwe pamene katunduyo sanayang'aniridwe mokwanira. BOL yoyera idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi onyamula katunduyo kusonyeza kuti yalandira ndikutumizidwa momwemo. Pazinthu zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe mwina zidasamaliridwa ndi ma forklift kangapo asananyamule katundu, BOL yoyera imangofunika ndalama ngati katunduyo adawunikidwadi pamene adalandiridwa. Pemphani wotumiza katundu wanu kuti alembe zovuta zilizonse zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zosiyana pa BOL, ngakhale izi zikutanthauza kuti chikalatacho chalembedwa mwaukadaulo.
Msampha wa HBL vs. MBL: Chifukwa Chake Zimene Mumasaina Sizimene Zimalamulira
Kwa otumiza katundu omwe si akatswiri okonza zinthu, chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri pa zomangamanga zokhudza zolemba za katundu ndi kulumikizana pakati pa House Bill of Lading ndi Master Bill of Lading. Mukasungitsa ndi freight forwarder kapena NVOCC (Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier) mumapeza HBL (House Bill of Lading). Kenako freighter imakonza malo pa sitima yeniyeni ndipo mzere wotumizira katundu umatumiza MBL kwa freighter - osati kwa inu. Simungathe kuwona MBL.
Vuto ndilakuti malamulo omwe ali mu MBL ndi okhwima kwambiri kuposa malamulo omwe ali mu HBL. HBL ya wotumiza katundu ingapereke inshuwalansi yonse ya katundu, malire enaake a ngongole kapena njira yabwino yothetsera mikangano. Koma ngati MBL yomwe ili mkati mwa kampani yonyamula katundu ili ndi malamulo ovuta kwambiri - ndipo wotumiza katunduyo wasainira inu ngati wothandizira wanu - malamulo amenewo ovuta kwambiri angagwire ntchito pamene pempho lovomerezeka laperekedwa. M'madera ena, makhothi asankha kuti wotumiza katunduyo amangiriridwa ndi malamulo a MBL omwe wotumiza katunduyo wavomereza, ngakhale HBL.
Njira yodziwira bwino katundu ndi kufunsa kampani yanu yotumiza katundu kuti ikupatseni kopi ya malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zoyenera za MBL musanatumize katundu, osati pambuyo pa ngozi ya kutayika. Kampani yotumiza katundu yolemekezeka idzakupatsani. Aliyense amene akukana kapena kunena kuti ndi achinsinsi akutumiza uthenga waukulu.
Kuyerekeza kwa Njira Yoyendera ya China-France Oversize Freight
Ayi, BOL si chikalata chomwecho mosasamala kanthu za momwe katundu wanu amayendera. Otumiza katundu ochulukirapo omwe angagawanitse katundu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina m'magulu osiyanasiyana azinthu ayenera kumvetsetsa njira zoyendetsera katundu ndi zofunikira pa mapepala omwe akutsatira.
| mafashoni | Nthawi Yake Yoyenda | Mtundu wa BOL | Ndondomeko ya Udindo | Zabwino Kwambiri |
| Nyanja (FCL) | Masiku 45-50 | Nyanja BOL / MBL + HBL | Malamulo a Hague-Visby | Zokulirapo kwambiri; masofa, zipangizo, zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi |
| Nyanja (LCL) | Masiku 50-60 | Kugwirizanitsa kwa operekera patsogolo (HBL) | Hague-Visby + mawu otumizira | Zolemera zosakanikirana; zolemera zochepa |
| Sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe | Masiku 30-45 | Chidziwitso cha Kutumiza kwa CIM | Malamulo ofanana a CIM/SMGS | Katundu wapakati amafunika kunyamulidwa mwachangu kuposa panyanja |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 12-15 | Air Waybill (AWB) | Msonkhano wa ku Montreal (26 SDR/kg pambuyo pa Disembala 2024) | Kukula kwakukulu kwa nyengo; kubwezeretsanso zinthu mwachangu |
| Nyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu Zakunja + Makilomita Omaliza | variable | Risiti yogulitsira katundu + oda yotumizira | CMR (njira yopita ku Ulaya) | DDP e-commerce; B2C yokhala ndi nthawi yokumana |
Pa katundu wolemera kwambiri wotumizidwa motsatira malamulo a DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), chikalata chotumizira katundu cha mtunda womaliza ndi lamulo losiyana la kutumiza katundu, osati BOL wamba, lomwe ndi muyezo wa B2C wa e-commerce wa njira ya China-France. Gawo lomalizali likutsatira malamulo a CMR road. Onetsetsani kuti wotumiza katundu wanu akukupatsani mapepala oyambira mpaka kumapeto a njira iliyonse ngati mgwirizano wosiyana, kotero ngati vuto lililonse litachitika, mukudziwa yemwe muyenera kumuimba mlandu.
Zomwe Muyenera Kutsimikizira Patsamba la BOL Musanasaine
Zolakwika patsamba loyamba pa BOL zimawononga kwambiri ntchito. Deta yomwe mwayika apa ndi deta yomwe akuluakulu a Customs, mabanki ndi makhothi adzaiona ngati yovomerezeka. Pankhani ya katundu wochuluka wochokera ku China kupita ku France, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku magawo otsatirawa.
Kufotokozera katundu kuyenera kukhala kolondola, kolunjika komanso kogwirizana ndi invoice yanu yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi ziphaso zilizonse zachitetezo cha malonda zomwe zimafunikira pamsika waku France. Ngati BOL ikunena kuti "katundu wapakhomo" koma chinthucho ndi firiji yamalonda, padzakhala vuto la kasitomu, kuchedwetsa kuchotsedwa kwa katundu ndi kulipira ndalama zowunikira.
Minda yonse ya kulemera ndi miyeso iyenera kutengera muyeso weniweni osati kuyerekezera. Kusiyana kwa kulemera pakati pa BOL ndi katundu weniweni pa zinthu zazikulu ndi zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano yowonjezera ndi onyamula katundu. Onyamula katundu adzayang'ana kulemera pa doko ndipo ngati kulemera komwe mudanena kuti ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi kulemera komwe mumayesa mudzalipidwa ndalama zokonzera ndipo mwina mudzalipidwa ndalama zolemberanso. "Nthawi zonse tsimikizirani zikalata zolemera kuchokera ku fakitale kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu musanapereke BOL."
Gawo la Incoterms limatanthauzira amene amatenga chiopsezo ndi mtengo wake pa gawo lililonse la ulendowu. Tiyerekeze kuti wogulitsa wathu wa pa intaneti waku France amagula zinthu kuchokera kwa wopanga ku China. Pansi pa mikhalidwe ya DDP, wopanga waku China kapena mnzake wothandizana naye pa nkhani zoyendetsera katundu amasamalira ndalama zonse ndi zoopsa mpaka zinthuzo zitafika pakhomo la wogula. Koma DDP ndi yabwino kokha ngati bungwe lomwe limayigwiritsa ntchito. Tsimikizirani kuti bungwe lomwe limadziwika kuti ndi DDP shipper pa BOL yanu lili ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito komanso mphamvu zachuma zolipirira zomwe zatayika ngati pakufunika kutero, osati kungotsimikizira mawu omwe adakupatsani pa foni yogulitsa.
Momwe Kutumiza Magalimoto ku Topway Kumathandizira Pangozi Izi
Kampani ya Topway Shipping yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, ndi kampani yopereka chithandizo chaukadaulo chodutsa malire, yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri pa katundu wolemera kwambiri komanso waukulu kwambiri wochokera ku China kupita ku Europe ndi North America. Gulu loyambitsali lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja kwa dzikolo komanso luso lapamwamba panjira zopita ku China kupita ku Europe.
Topway imatanthawuza kuti kukula kwakukulu ndi matani 8 pa zolemera za chidutswa chimodzi ndi mamita 8 pa kutalika kwa m'mphepete umodzi—malire apamwamba kwambiri kuposa omwe makampani ambiri onyamula katundu wamba amatha kusamalira. Amatumiza nthawi zonse mipando ya m'nyumba (masofa, matebulo odyera, zimbudzi), zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi (ma treadmill, mipando ya ma massage, ma scooter amagetsi), zida zapakhomo (mafiriji, makina ochapira, makina otsukira mbale), ndi makina amafakitale. Gawo la ntchito zawo zomwe zilipo ndikuphatikizapo kutumiza zitseko ziwiri za DDP kumayiko 25 a EU, ndipo France nthawi zonse imakhala imodzi mwa malo odziwika kwambiri.
Topway imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera zinthu - nsanja ya Ouxiang (欧象) - yomwe imapereka mawonekedwe athunthu a katundu kuyambira nthawi yonyamula katundu ku fakitale mpaka kusaina komaliza kwa kasitomala. Kutsata kumeneku sikungokhala ntchito yothandiza makasitomala; kumapanga unyolo wolembedwa wa kusunga katundu, umboni wofunikira ngati pakhala mlandu wowonongeka kapena mkangano wa kasitomu. Onyamula katundu ndi makampani a inshuwaransi amachitira otumiza katundu omwe amatha kupereka umboni wojambulidwa nthawi iliyonse yopereka katundu mosiyana ndi omwe angangowonetsa BOL.
Kumbali ya mayendedwe, Topway imapereka chithandizo cha sitima zapamadzi mwachindunji komanso sitima zapamadzi zochokera ku China kupita ku Europe (kayendedwe ka sitima zapamsewu kayimitsidwa koma kakhoza kuyatsidwa mtsogolo), kunja kwa dziko. kuwuza m'malo osungiramo katundu aku China ndi ku Europe, ntchito zokonzekera za FBA, ndi kutumiza nthawi yokumana ndi B2B kapena B2C. Netiweki yawo yotumizira katundu ku Europe imaphatikizapo kutumiza nthawi yokumana ndi makasitomala oyera - muyezo womwe makasitomala aku France amayembekezera tsopano potumiza mipando ndi zida, komanso womwe umafuna kuti wogwirizana ndi makasitomala athe kulumikizana ndi makampani ambiri aku Europe popanda wotumizayo kuyang'anira gawo lililonse payekha.
Miyeso yawo yogwirira ntchito yomwe yavumbulutsidwa - makilomita opitilira 3 miliyoni otumizira, mapaketi opitilira 200,000 operekedwa, malo osungiramo zinthu okwana masikweya mita 5,000, ndi makasitomala ogwira ntchito oposa 1,000 - akuwonetsa kukula komwe kumafunika kuti akambirane bwino ndi onyamula katundu ndikuthetsa madandaulo ndi mphamvu yeniyeni. Wotumiza katundu akuchita bizinesi mwachindunji ndi mzere ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zokana ndalama zokayikitsa kapena mawu a BOL kuposa wotumiza katundu akuchita bizinesi kudzera mu wotumiza katundu wokhala ndi ubale wopitilira wa voliyumu.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za ntchito zawo, chonde pitani ku www.topwayshipping.com
Mndandanda Wothandiza: Musanasaine BOL
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito magawo ofunikira otsimikizira kuti ndi ofunika kuwunikiranso musanasainire. Izi sizilowa m'malo mwa loya pa kutumiza kulikonse, koma cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amayambitsa mikangano yayikulu pakati pa China ndi France.
| Chongani katunduyo | Zoyenera Kutsimikizira | Mbendera Yofiyira |
| Chiwongola dzanja | Mtengo wolengezedwa ukugwirizana ndi mtengo wa katundu; ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zalipidwa kapena inshuwaransi ya katundu yatsimikiziridwa | Palibe gawo la mtengo wolengezedwa kapena wonyamula katundu amene akukana kulandira mtengo wolengezedwawo |
| Katundu wofotokozera | Mayina a zinthu zinazake, kuchuluka kwake, ma code a HS omwe akugwirizana ndi invoice yamalonda | "Katundu wamba" kapena mafotokozedwe osamveka bwino |
| Kulemera ndi miyeso | Imafanana ndi satifiketi yolemera ya fakitale ndi mndandanda wa zonyamula zomwe zili mkati mwa kulekerera kwa chonyamulira | Ziwerengero zoyerekezeredwa; palibe zikalata zotsimikizira |
| Incoterms | DDP/DAP/FOB yafotokozedwa momveka bwino; gulu lomwe lili ndi udindo pa chinthu chilichonse cha mtengo chotchulidwa | Munda wa Incoterms wopanda kanthu kapena wosamveka bwino |
| Mtundu wa BOL | Mvetsetsani ngati zingathe kukambidwa (odani BOL) kapena molunjika (zosakambirana); chiwerengero choyambirira chatsimikizika | Mapepala atatu oyambira aperekedwa koma banki yanu kapena wogula sanatsimikizire zofunikira za risiti. |
| Gawo la ulamuliro | Malamulo olamulira ndi malo okambirana zapezeka; kuwunika momwe angathandizire kutsata zomwe zanenedwa pamenepo | Ulamuliro wa nyumba ya kampani yokha; palibe njira ina yopezera chigamulo |
| Chidziwitso cha zenera lofunsira | Wothandizira wanu wolandila amadziwa zenera (masiku atatu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kosaoneka pansi pa Hague-Visby) | Palibe njira yolembera yoperekera zinthu kwa wothandizira womaliza |
| Mawu a HBL vs MBL | Pemphani mawu a MBL; yerekezerani ndi HBL kuti muwone kusiyana kwa zinthu | Wotumiza katundu wakana kugawana mawu a MBL |
| Chiganizo cha lien | Tsimikizani kuti palibe ndalama zomwe zatsala ndi wotumiza katundu; kutumiza kwanu kuli ndi HBL yosiyana | Forwarder ali ndi makasitomala ambiri pa MBL imodzi omwe ali ndi mbiri yoti malipiro awo sakudziwika bwino. |
| Kuyeretsa motsutsana ndi kugawika | Zosowa zilizonse za kuwonongeka kwa galimoto zomwe zalembedwa pa BOL kapena risiti yotumizira | BOL yoyera yaperekedwa kwa katundu wosayang'aniridwa mwakuthupi ponyamula |
Kutsiliza
Bill of Lading si ntchito ya boma. Pa katundu wolemera kwambiri wochokera ku China kupita ku France — katundu wamkulu, wolemera, wamtengo wapatali, wovuta kusintha — ndi pepala limodzi lomwe limakuuzani ufulu wanu pamene zinthu sizikuyenda bwino. Ziganizo zobisika zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi sizosiyana kwambiri, ndi chilankhulo chachizolowezi m'mabungwe ambiri onyamula katundu m'nyanja ndipo zakonzedwa ndi magulu azamalamulo onyamula katundu omwe ali ndi zaka zambiri akumenyana ndi zopempha.
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti nkhondo yaikulu ndi kudziwa komwe mungafufuze. Magawo odziwika bwino a mtengo, kufotokozera bwino katundu, zolemba zoyera motsutsana ndi zolembedwa, mawindo owonetsa, zigawo za ufulu, ndi malamulo olamulira ndi zinthu zonse zomwe mungapeze musanasainire. Sizitenga ndalama zambiri kuzifufuza. Kuzinyalanyaza kungakuwonongereni mtengo wonse wa chidebe.
Pamene njira yogulitsira katundu pakati pa China ndi France ikukula ndipo magulu akuluakulu azinthu akukhala ofunikira kwambiri pa malonda apaintaneti, ogwirizana nawo pa nkhani yokhudza katundu omwe amabweretsa phindu lenileni ndi omwe amaona kuti kulemba zikalata ndi gawo la bizinesi yawo, osati kungoganizira zamtsogolo. Ndi kusakanikirana kwa luso logwira ntchito ndi malamulo okhudza mapepala omwe amapangitsa wotumiza katundu kukhala mnzake weniweni wa zinthu, osati wotumiza katundu yekha.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Bill of Lading ya Nyumba ndi Master Bill of Lading?
A: Master Bill of Lading (MBL) imaperekedwa ndi kampani yonyamula katundu panyanja kupita kwa kampani yotumiza katundu. Wotumiza katundu amapereka House Bill of Lading (HBL) kwa wotumiza weniweni. Otumiza katundu ambiri amangoona HBL yokha, komabe zikalata zonse ziwiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu yalamulo pamilandu yopempha. Funsani wotumiza katundu wanu za malamulo a MBL musanatumize.
Q: Kodi ndingapeze ndalama zingati ngati katundu wanga wolemera kwambiri wawonongeka panjira yochokera ku China kupita ku France?
A: Malamulo a Hague-Visby amagwira ntchito ku ma BOL ambiri a m'nyanja ndipo malire ake ndi 666.67 SDRs pa phukusi lililonse kapena ma SDRs awiri pa kilogalamu iliyonse, iliyonse yomwe ndi yayikulu. Zinthu zambiri zazikulu zimakhala ndi mtengo wamalonda kuposa izi. Tsekani kusiyana kwake mwa kulengeza mtengo wowonjezera pa BOL kapena kunyamula inshuwaransi yodziyimira payokha ya katundu.
Q: Kodi nthawi yomaliza yoperekera chiwongola dzanja cha kuwonongeka kwa katundu ndi iti?
A: Mukufuna kunena za kuwonongeka komwe kulipo pakaperekedwa katundu? Yankho: Pansi pa Hague-Visby, inde. Zowonongeka zonse zosaoneka ziyenera kulembedwa mkati mwa masiku atatu kuchokera pamene katundu waperekedwa. Ngati mwaphonya nthawi ino, pempho lanu likhoza kuthetsedwa. Onetsetsani kuti wothandizira wanu wotumiza katundu akudziwa momwe angalembere kusagwirizana kulikonse pakutumiza katundu.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping imanyamula katundu wochuluka kwambiri wopita ku France makamaka?
A: Inde. Topway Shipping ndi katswiri pa katundu wolemera kwambiri, wolemera mpaka matani 8 ndi mamita 8, wopereka zitseko ziwiri za DDP kumayiko 25 a EU kuphatikiza France. Amapereka nthawi yokumana ndi anthu komanso ntchito yomaliza yopereka magolovesi oyera pazinthu zazikulu za B2C. Chonde pitani ku www.topwayshipping.com kuti mudziwe zambiri zautumiki waposachedwa.
Q: Ndi Incoterm iti yomwe ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito potumiza katundu wa B2C wochulukirapo kupita ku France?
A: Pa njira iyi, B2C e-commerce nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wogulitsa kapena mnzake wothandizana naye pa nkhani yokhudza katundu ndiye amene amatenga ndalama zonse ndi zoopsa mpaka zinthuzo zitaperekedwa kwa wogula womaliza. Munthu amene akutenga udindo wa DDP ayenera kukhala ndi luso lenileni logwira ntchito komanso la ndalama kuti akwaniritse cholinga chake.
