31/03/2026

Kulowa kwa Kasitomu ku EU kudzera ku Portugal: Zolakwa Zomwe Zimachitika Nthawi Zonse Zomwe Zimachedwetsa Kulipira

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

Introduction

Portugal siilinso membala wa EU pang'ono pagombe la Atlantic. Madoko ake akuya, makamaka Sines, omwe pakadali pano ndi amodzi mwa malo osungiramo zinthu omwe akukula mwachangu ku Europe, apangitsa kuti ikhale malo olowera kwambiri katundu ku msika umodzi wa ku Europe. Magalimoto ochokera ku Asia, America, ndi Africa onse amakumana pagombe la Portugal. Kuchokera pamenepo, katundu amatumizidwa ndi msewu ndi sitima kupita ku Spain, France, ndi mayiko ena onse a EU. Kwa otumiza katundu ndi oyang'anira zinthu, kudutsa ku Lisbon, Sines, kapena Leixões kungachepetse nthawi yoyendera ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto poyerekeza ndi ma hubs kumpoto kwa Europe.

Mungagwiritse ntchito mwayi uwu ngati muchita bwino njira yoyendetsera kasitomu. Portugal ikutsatira malamulo onse a kasitomu a EU, omwe ndi ovuta. Bungwe la Misonkho ndi Kasitomu la ku Portugal — Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira — limagwiritsa ntchito zilengezo zisanafike, limayang'anira kulondola kwa zikalata, ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito kuwunika kochokera ku zoopsa komwe kumatha kusunga makontena kwa masiku kapena kuposerapo. Kuyambira Seputembala 2025, kutulutsidwa kwathunthu kwa ICS2 Release 3 kwapangitsa kuti mitundu yonse ya zoyendera ipereke mapepala asanafike, zomwe zapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwa aliyense mu unyolo wogulitsa kuti atsatire malamulowo.

Nthawi zambiri, zolakwika zomwe zimachedwetsa miyambo ya ku Portugal zimatha kupewedwa. Amakonda kuchita zolakwika zomwezo mobwerezabwereza, monga kusalemba mapepala oyenera, kusalemba pa nthawi yake, kapena kusamvetsetsa malamulo omwe amagwira ntchito pazochitika zawo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane gulu lililonse, ikufotokoza chifukwa chake zimayambitsa kuchedwa ku Portugal, komanso ikuwonetsa momwe ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito monga Topway Shipping amathandizira mabizinesi kupewa izi asanakhale mavuto okwera mtengo.

N’chifukwa chiyani Portugal? Kumvetsetsa Nkhani ya Chipata

Musanatchule zolakwika, ndikofunikira kudziwa chifukwa chake Portugal ikutchuka kwambiri ngati malo olowera ku EU komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ake azisiyana ndi a Mayiko ena omwe ali Mamembala. Doko la Sines ndiye malo akuluakulu osungiramo ziwiya zamadzi akuya ku Portugal. Limatha kusamalira zombo zazikulu kwambiri zonyamula katundu zomwe zimapita mwachindunji kuchokera ku Asia kupita ku Europe. Lili ndi magalimoto ochepa kuposa Rotterdam kapena Antwerp, mitengo yopikisana yogwirira ntchito, komanso kulumikizana bwino kwa misewu ndi njanji kupita ku Spain. Lisbon imasamalira kugawa kwapakhomo ndi magalimoto a ro-ro, pomwe Leixões (doko lopereka zinthu ku Porto) imasamalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zonyamula, zolemera, ndi zakudya zaulimi.

Kutumiza katundu kudzera ku Portugal kungachepetse nthawi yoyendera ndi masiku awiri kapena anayi poyerekeza ndi njira zoyendetsera katundu wa kumpoto kwa dzikolo kupita ku misika ya ku Iberia kapena kum'mwera kwa Europe. Ubwino wa nthawi ino ndi wowona, koma umatha nthawi yomweyo ngati njira yoyendetsera katundu siyendetsedwa bwino. Kuti mupewe mavuto omwe amabwera pambuyo pake, muyenera kudziwa momwe misonkho ya ku Portugal imagwirira ntchito mwatsatanetsatane. Izi zikuphatikizapo njira zochotsera katundu ku Sines, malo a AT kuti alengeze zamagetsi, komanso zomangamanga za malo osungiramo katundu omwe ali ndi bond.

Port	Type	Mphamvu Zazikulu	Magalimoto Oyambirira
Ma Sines (PSA)	Chidebe cha madzi akuya	Mphamvu ya sitima yaikulu kwambiri; ntchito zachindunji ku Asia	Makontena a ku Asia-Europe; kutumiza
Lisbon (Doko la Lisbon)	Chidebe chachikulu & RoRo	Malo apakati; kugawa m'nyumba	Katundu wa ogula; msika wamkati
Leixões (Doko la Porto)	Chotengera & zambiri	Chipata cholowera kumpoto kwa Portugal ndi Spain	Chakudya chaulimi; katundu wa mafakitale

Ogulitsa kunja amadabwa ndi lamulo la ku Sines lomwe limagwira ntchito pazinthu zina zokha. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolamulidwa, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chakudya, mankhwala, ndi zinthu zolamulidwa, ziyenera kudutsa mumisonkho ku Sines zisanasamutsidwe kupita ku madoko ouma amkati monga Bobadela, Riachos, kapena Valongo. Ngati dongosolo lochotsera katundu wamisonkho silinakhazikitsidwe pasadakhale, chidebecho chimangokhazikika padoko mpaka mapepala atamalizidwa. Kuyambira tsiku loyamba, ndalama zolipirira katundu zimayamba kuwonjezeka.

Cholakwika #1: Mavuto a Manambala a EORI

Bizinesi iliyonse yomwe imatumiza katundu kulowa kapena kutuluka mu EU iyenera kukhala ndi nambala yovomerezeka ya Economic Operators Registration and Identification (EORI). Nambala iyi imagwirizanitsa chilengezo chilichonse cha kasitomu ndi bungwe linalake lalamulo. Dongosolo la electronic declaration la portal ya ku Portugal AT lidzakana kutumiza ngati lilibe EORI yovomerezeka. Sipadzakhala kuwunikanso kwa anthu kapena nthawi yopereka chithandizo; katunduyo adzayimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Pali zolakwika zambiri za EORI zomwe zimapangitsa kuchedwa kuchitapo kanthu kuposa kungokhala ndi nambala. Vuto lofala kwambiri ndi pamene mabizinesi omwe ali ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka oposa limodzi m'maiko osiyanasiyana a EU amagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cholakwika cha dziko la EORI pa chikalata china. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito EORI yaku Germany mu chikalata cha kasitomu cha ku Portugal kwa wogulitsa katundu yemwe walembetsedwa mwalamulo ku Portugal, chidzapezeka. Makampani omwe asintha, kuphatikiza, kapena kusintha dzina lawo lolembetsedwa posachedwapa angapezenso kuti mbiri yawo ya EORI sinasinthidwe mu database ya kasitomu ya EU. Izi zingayambitse kusalingana komwe kumafunika kukonzedwa ndi manja.

Ngati mukutumiza katundu kuchokera kunja kwa EU kupita ku Portugal, monga opanga aku China omwe amatumiza katundu kudzera ku Sines, wotumiza katunduyo ayenera kukhala ndi EU EORI yovomerezeka. Ngati wogula waku Europe sanalembetsebe kapena ngati chikalata cha kasitomu chalemba munthu wina wopanda EORI yovomerezeka, njira yonse yotumizira katundu imayima. Sitimayo isanachoke padoko lake, otumiza katundu oyenerera nthawi zonse amatsimikiza momwe EORI ilili. Iyi ndi njira yoyambira yomwe saiphonya.

Cholakwika #2: Zolakwika za HS Code ndi Kusasinthika kwa Misonkho

Kugawa ma code a Harmonized System (HS) kumabweretsa kuchedwa kwambiri kwa misonkho kuposa vuto lina lililonse la mapepala. HS code imasankha kuchuluka kwa msonkho, momwe VAT imagwiritsidwira ntchito, malamulo omwe ayenera kutsatiridwa, komanso ngati chinthucho chikuyenerera kuchepetsedwa mitengo. Ngati mwalakwitsa, pali mavuto ambiri omwe angachitike, monga kulipira ndalama zolakwika za msonkho, kusinthidwa nthawi yowunikira, kusintha zomwe mwalengeza, komanso mwayi weniweni wokumana ndi mavuto ndi lamulo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma code a HS okhala ndi manambala anayi ndi cholakwika chomwe anthu ambiri amachita, ngakhale kuti dongosolo la ICS2, lomwe lakhala likugwira ntchito kuyambira Seputembala 2025, likufunika manambala osachepera 6 mu Entry Summary Declaration. Ichi si chinthu chachilendo chaukadaulo; ndi lamulo lokhwima lotsimikizira. Dongosolo la ICS2 limakana zokha zotumizidwa ndi ma code okhala ndi manambala anayi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ENS iyenera kukonzedwa ndikutumizidwanso sitimayo isanapatsidwe chilolezo chopita patsogolo. Ngati cholakwikacho chapezeka pafupi ndi tsiku lolembetsa, chikhoza kuyika chizindikiro chachitetezo ndikufunika kuwunika kwathupi.

Kuwonjezera pa zovuta zowerengera manambala, zolakwika zenizeni zamagulu nazonso zafala. Zinthu zomwe zili pamzere pakati pa magulu awiri amitengo, monga chinthu cha nsalu chokhala ndi mawonekedwe aukadaulo kapena gawo lamagetsi lomwe lingagwirizane ndi mitu yoposa umodzi, ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala motsutsana ndi database ya EU TARIC ndi malangizo oyenera amagulu. Mutu wolakwika ukhoza kukhala kusiyana pakati pa chiwongola dzanja cha 0% ndi chiwongola dzanja cha 12%, kapena ukhoza kuyika zinthu pansi pa chiletso cha malonda kapena muyeso woletsa kutaya zinthu popanda cholinga, zomwe zingachedwetse kuchotsedwa kuti ziwunikidwenso.

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa makampani aku China omwe amatumiza zinthu ku Portugal. EU ili ndi misonkho yoletsa kutaya katundu kapena njira zina zowongolera katundu pazinthu zambiri zochokera ku China. Ngati HS code ndi yolakwika mwanjira yopewera njira zodzitetezera izi, ngakhale zitachitika mwangozi, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri kuposa ngati zidachitika mwadala.

Cholakwika #3: Kulemba Mafayilo Ochedwa Kapena Osakwanira a ICS2 Asanafike

Kuyambira pa 1 Seputembala, 2025, njira ya ICS2 ndiyo njira yokhayo yomwe EU ingapezere chidziwitso cha katundu pasadakhale kuti awonetse chitetezo ndi chitetezo. Idalowa m'malo mwa njira yakale ya ICS1. Pansi pa ICS2 Release 3, katundu aliyense wotumizidwa ku EU panyanja, pamsewu, pa sitima, kapena pandege ayenera kukhala ndi chikalata chonse cha Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) chisanafike. Masiku otumizira ndi osiyana pa njira iliyonse ndipo amatsatiridwa mosamala.

Njira Yoyendera	Tsiku Lomaliza Loperekera Mafomu a ENS	zolemba
Chidebe cha m'nyanja yakuya (ku Portugal)	Osachepera maola 24 sitimayo isanafike padoko la EU	Imagwira ntchito ku Sines, Lisbon, Leixões
Chombo chosambira panyanja yaifupi / chodyetsa	Osachepera maola 2 asanafike	Zofala kwambiri kwa ma feeder amkati mwa EU ochokera ku Med hubs
Katundu wonyamula katundu pamsewu (galimoto yaikulu)	Ola limodzi lisanafike kumalire a msewu wa EU	Imagwira ntchito podutsa malire a dziko la Spain ndi Portugal
Katundu wa njanji	Maola awiri asanafike pamalo olowera sitima ku EU	Imagwira ntchito yolowera ku Iberia; ICS2 R3 ikugwira ntchito mokwanira kuyambira Seputembala 2025
Zonyamula ndege	Musanayambe kukweza katundu pa eyapoti yoyambira (PLACI) + ENS yonse	Kutulutsidwa kwa ICS2 1 ndi 2 kukugwira ntchito kuyambira 2021/2023

Dongosolo la ICS2 silimangotenga deta iliyonse yomwe yatumizidwa kwa ilo. Limayang'ana ENS iliyonse motsutsana ndi dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa ndi mndandanda wa "mawu oletsa" omwe samveka bwino mokwanira kuti awoneke ngati mafotokozedwe a katundu. Mawu wamba monga "katundu," "katundu," "katundu," kapena "zigawo" popanda chidziwitso china chilichonse ndi zitsanzo zodziwika bwino. Ngati pulogalamu ya ENS ili ndi mawu oletsa, imakanidwa ndipo iyenera kutumizidwanso. Ngati sitimayo yapita kale, katunduyo amafika popanda ENS yovomerezeka ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayesedwa bwino.

Chofunikira pakupereka katundu pamlingo wa nyumba kwa otumiza katundu ndi ophatikiza katundu ndi chimodzi mwa zosintha zofunika kwambiri mu Release 3. Pamene katundu waphatikizidwa, wonyamula katundu amatumiza deta ya ENS ya mlingo wa master. Koma tsopano wotumiza katundu kapena wophatikiza katundu ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka wotumiza deta ya katundu pamlingo wa nyumba pa katundu aliyense wotumizidwa womwe ndi gawo la kuphatikiza katundu. Pamene Release 3 inatuluka mu 2024–2025, otumiza katundu ambiri ang'onoang'ono sanali okonzeka kugwira ntchito imeneyi. Ena akadali kukonza katundu wophatikizana popanda kupereka mapepala oyenera a pamlingo wa nyumba. Ngati wotumiza katundu wanu sakwaniritsa zofunikira za ICS2 Release 3, katundu wanu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kumalire a dziko la Portugal.

Cholakwika #4: Nkhani za Invoice ndi Kuwerengera Mtengo

Chilengezo chilichonse cha msonkho chimayamba ndi invoice yamalonda. Monga mabungwe onse oyendetsera msonkho a EU, msonkho wa ku Portugal umagwiritsa ntchito izi kuti uwonetse ngati mtengo wa msonkho womwe ukunenedwa ndi wolondola, ngati kufotokozera kwa malondawo kukugwirizana ndi katundu weniweni, komanso ngati malondawo akugwirizana ndi zikalata zina zotumizira. Zolakwika pa invoice sizimangokwiyitsa anthu ogwira ntchito kumeneko; ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe ma audit ndi kufufuza kwa msonkho kumachitika katundu akachotsedwa.

Vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi ma invoice ndi kulengeza mtengo wotsika, womwe ndi womwe umakopa chidwi kwambiri. Njira ya UCC yogulitsira malonda imati invoice iyenera kuwonetsa mtengo womwe unalipidwa kapena womwe ukuyenera kulipidwa pazinthuzo. Umu ndi momwe kasitomu ya ku Portugal imayamikirira zinthu. Ma injini a EU omwe ali ndi chiopsezo adapangidwa mwachindunji kuti apeze njira iyi: pamene mitengo yomwe yatchulidwa nthawi zonse imakhala yotsika kuposa mitengo yodziwika pamsika yamtundu womwewo wa chinthu, kulengeza kumasungidwa kuti kufufuzidwe mwakuthupi ndi kuwunika komwe kungatheke. Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala chilichonse kuyambira pakuwunika kwatsopano kwa ntchito mpaka kufufuza kovomerezeka, kutengera ngati kulengeza kochepa kunali ngozi kapena ayi.

Kusagwirizana kwa mafotokozedwe nako kuli ponseponse, koma sikuli kodabwitsa kwambiri. Ngati mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu uli ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zokhala ndi ma code angapo a HS koma invoice yamalonda imawatcha "zigawo zamagetsi," kasitomu angasunge chilolezo mpaka vutoli litathetsedwa. Mofananamo, ngati pali kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zili pa invoice ndi bill of lading, ngakhale kakang'ono komwe kamayambitsidwa ndi kuzungulira kapena njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera mayunitsi, pempho loti lifotokozedwe lidzaperekedwa, lomwe lidzawonjezera masiku osachepera limodzi kapena atatu ku nthawi yotulutsa.

Mbali yothandiza yomwe anthu ambiri otumiza katundu amaiwala: ngakhale zitsanzo, zinthu zotsatsira malonda, ndi mphatso ziyenera kuyesedwa moyenera. Miyambo ya ku Portugal simalola mawu akuti "palibe phindu la malonda" pazinthu zomwe zingawonetsedwe kuti zili ndi mtengo wake pamsika. Kusapatsa katunduyu mtengo wokwanira kapena kusamusiya kumaonedwa ngati cholakwika pakuyesa mtengo, osati kuchotsera koyenera.

Cholakwika #5: Zolemba Zoyambira Zosowa Kapena Zolakwika

Portugal ndi membala wa EU, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti katundu amene amalowa mdziko muno kudzera m'madoko ake akhoza kupindula ndi mgwirizano wa EU wa Mapangano Ogulitsa Zaulere (FTAs) ndi mayiko ena ambiri. China ilibe mgwirizano wamalonda waulere (FTA) ndi EU pakali pano, koma zinthu zambiri zochokera kumayiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, India, mayiko angapo aku Africa, ndi mayiko ena ogwirizana ndi FTA zitha kupeza mitengo yotsika kapena yopanda msonkho ngati zingasonyeze umboni wa komwe zachokera.

Satifiketi Yoyambira ndi yovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati ikuchokera kwa akuluakulu aboma kudziko lotumiza katundu, ikugwirizana ndi zinthu ndi kuchuluka komwe kwalembedwa pa invoice yamalonda, ndipo siimatha ntchito. Pali zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za nthawi yomwe satifiketi yosuntha ya EUR.1, satifiketi ya Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), ndi ma declaration a ogulitsa ali ovomerezeka, ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa wina ndi mnzake. Cholakwika chofala ndikuwonetsa satifiketi yolakwika ya FTA yoyenera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti misonkho yanthawi zonse ya Most Favoured Nation (MFN) imalipidwa m'malo mwa mtengo wosankhidwa, womwe ukhoza kukhala kusiyana kwakukulu pamtengo.

Nkhani ya komwe katundu amachokera imakhala yovuta kwambiri akadutsa dziko lachitatu asanapite ku Portugal. Ngati katundu wochokera ku China amadutsa ku Singapore kapena pakati pa Mediterranean asanapite ku Sines, kutumiza katundu kuyenera kukhala njira yodutsa mwachindunji popanda kukonza. Malamulo okhudza komwe zinthu zimachokera amasintha kwathunthu ngati zakonzedwa kapena zasinthidwa kwambiri pamene zinali paulendo. Akuluakulu a kasitomu amadziwa za kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka katundu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira katundu ndipo amasamala kwambiri za zomwe zalengezedwa pomwe njira yotumizira katunduyo sikugwirizana bwino ndi komwe kwanenedwa.

Cholakwika #6: Kulephera kwa Njira Yoyendera ndi Chitsimikizo

Si katundu yense wodutsa ku Portugal amene amapangidwira anthu aku Portugal kuti agwiritse ntchito. Amafika ku EU ku Sines kapena Leixões kenako amapita ku Spain, France, kapena mayiko ena a EU kudzera mumsewu kapena sitima ngati gawo la njira yoyendera yakunja ya EU. Njirayi imalola kuti katundu adutse malire angapo a kasitomu popanda kulipira msonkho pa katundu aliyense, bola ngati chitsimikizo cha ndalama chikuperekedwa kuti chikwaniritse udindo womwe ungakhalepo wa katunduyo pamene katunduyo akutumizidwa.

Chimodzi mwa zofunikira kwambiri zotsatizana ndi malamulo pankhani yokhudza kutumiza katundu m'mayiko a EU ndi kufunika kwa chitsimikizo cha mayendedwe. Chitsimikizocho chiyenera kuperekedwa ku ofesi ya kasitomu (pankhaniyi, malo olowera ku Portugal) ndipo chiyenera kulipira ndalama zonse za msonkho ndi VAT zomwe katunduyo angakhale nazo akamapita. Njira yoyendera siingayambe ngati chitsimikizocho sichikwanira, kaya ndi kuchuluka kapena mawonekedwe. Zinthuzo zidzakhalabe zitayimitsidwa padoko lolowera. Ngati mukufuna ndalama zambiri zotumizira katundu kapena katundu wokhala ndi mitengo yokwera, zingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti mukhazikitse chitsimikizocho ngati simukukonzekera pasadakhale.

Vuto lina si kutulutsa katundu wonyamulira katundu. Njira yonyamulira katundu iyenera kutsekedwa mwalamulo katundu akafika ku ofesi yawo ya kasitomu ku EU. Ngati izi sizichitika chifukwa cha cholakwika cha oyang'anira, vuto la makina, kapena chonyamulira chomwe sichinagwire ntchito ndi broker wa kasitomu wopita, njira yonyamulira katundu imakhala yotseguka ndipo wotsimikizira ndalama ndiye amene ali ndi udindo. Izi zimaika wolengeza komanso woyambitsa chitsimikizo pachiwopsezo mwalamulo komanso pazachuma, ndipo zingatenge milungu ingapo kuti abwerere ndi kubwerera ndi akuluakulu a kasitomu kuti akonze vutoli.

Chidule: Zolakwa Zazikulu ndi Zotsatira Zake Mwachidule

Gome ili m'munsimu likuyika pamodzi zifukwa zazikulu za kuchedwa zomwe zanenedwa mu positi iyi, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina ya kuchedwa kutengera momwe miyambo ya ku Portugal imachitira zinthu pakali pano. Mitundu iyi imachokera ku lingaliro lakuti vutoli limapezeka ndikukonzedwa mwachangu. Ngati mavuto sanakonzedwe, nthawi yake ikhoza kukhala yayitali kuposa yomwe ikuimiridwa.

Cholakwika / Chiwopsezo	Kuchedwa Kwachizolowezi Kwawonjezeredwa	Zotsatira
Nambala ya EORI yosowa kapena yolakwika	Masiku a bizinesi a 1-5	Chilengezo chakanidwa; kutumiza kwayimitsidwa
Khodi ya HS yolakwika kapena ya manambala anayi (ICS2 imafuna manambala 6)	Masiku a bizinesi a 2-7	Kukana kwa ENS; choyambitsa kuwunika chomwe chingayambitse
ENS idaperekedwa pambuyo pa zenera lochoka pa sitimayo	Maola osachepera 24–72	Mbendera yachitetezo; kuwunika koyenera kwa thupi
Invoice yosafunika kwenikweni kapena yosagwirizana	Masiku a bizinesi a 3-10	Kuwunika misonkho; kuwunikanso msonkho; zilango
Satifiketi Yoyambira Yosowa ya Mtengo Wosankha	Masiku a bizinesi a 1-5	Ndalama zonse za MFN zagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chiwongola dzanja chosankhidwa
Chitsimikizo cha mayendedwe sichinaperekedwe kapena sichinakwanire	Masiku a bizinesi a 1-4	Njira yoyendera yatsekedwa; udindo wa zachuma
Chilolezo cha katundu ku Sines sichinakonzedwe	Zosinthasintha; zimatha kukhala masiku 3–7+	Chidebecho chili padoko; ndalama zochotsera

Mndandanda wa Zolemba Zowunikira Kulowa kwa Kasitomu kudzera ku Portugal

Gome ili m'munsimu ndi chitsogozo chothandiza cha mapepala akuluakulu ofunikira kuti mudutse madoko akunja ku Portugal. Chikalata chilichonse chili ndi zosowa zake zomwe zimaposa kungokhala nacho. Chidziwitso chomwe chili mu chikalata chilichonse n'chofunika monga kukhala nacho.

Ndemanga	Tsatanetsatane wa Zofunikira	Cholakwika Chofala
Inivoyisi yamalonda	Kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa malonda, HS code, mtengo wolengezedwa mu EUR/USD, zambiri za wogula ndi wogulitsa, nambala ya VAT ngati ilipo	Mafotokozedwe osamveka bwino; kusagwirizana ndi mndandanda wa zonyamula
Mndandanda wazolongedza	Kulemera kwa chinthu, kukula kwake, kuchuluka kwake; ziyenera kugwirizana bwino ndi invoice	Kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kapena kulemera
Bill of Lading / AWB	Wonyamula katundu woperekedwa; wotumiza katundu EORI ayenera kutchulidwa	Tsatanetsatane wolakwika wa wotumiza katundu; palibe cholozera cha EORI
Kalata Yoyang'anira Yokha (SAD)	Kutumiza pa intaneti kudzera pa portal ya Portuguese AT; kuyenera kuchitika sitima isanafike	Kutumiza mochedwa; kusagwirizana kwa deta ndi chonyamulira
Satifiketi Yoyambira (EUR.1 / Fomu A)	Zofunikira pa milandu ya msonkho; ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi bungwe lovomerezeka kudziko lotumiza kunja	Satifiketi yotha ntchito; chilolezo chopereka cholakwika
Chilengezo cha Chidule cha Kulowa kwa ICS2 (ENS)	Kupereka zikalata zovomerezeka musanafike; ma HS code okhala ndi manambala 6 amafunika; kuperekedwa ndi wonyamula katundu kapena wotumiza katundu	Makhodi a HS a manambala 4; kutumiza mochedwa; mawu oletsa mu kufotokozera katundu
Chilolezo Cholowera Kunja / Satifiketi Yogulitsa Zinthu	Zofunikira pa chakudya, mankhwala, mankhwala, katundu wa CITES, ndi magulu ena olamulidwa	Zosaloledwa kwa katundu wolamulidwa; zilolezo zomwe zatha ntchito

Momwe Kutumiza ku Topway Kumakuthandizireni Kuchotsa Misonkho ya Chipwitikizi Mosazengereza

Kampani ya Topway Shipping yakhala ikupereka njira zoyendetsera zinthu kudzera m'mabizinesi apaintaneti kuyambira mu 2010. Ofesi yake yayikulu ili ku Shenzhen, China. Topway ikudziwa kuti kutumiza katundu kumavuta ndipo ndalama zimakwera pamene njira zoyendetsera katundu ku EU zimakhala zovuta. Gulu loyambitsa kampaniyo lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo weniweni pankhani yoyendetsa katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu ku katundu wakunja.

Mavuto a zikalata omwe atchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, monga kutsatira malamulo a ICS2 ENS, kulondola kwa ma code a HS, kusinthasintha kwa invoice, kutsimikizika kwa satifiketi yoyambira, ndi zitsimikizo zoyendera, si nkhani zongoganizira chabe. Awa ndi malo enieni omwe chidziwitso cha Topway chokhudza chilolezo cha misonkho chimapanga kusiyana kwachindunji komanso koyezeka. Kwa ogulitsa aku China omwe amatumiza katundu ku Europe kudzera ku Portugal, kuthekera kophatikiza chidziwitso cha chilolezo cha kutumiza katundu ku China ndi chidziwitso cha njira zotumizira katundu ku EU ndi komwe kumalepheretsa makontena kudikirira ku Sines pamene mapepala akukonzedwa mwachangu.

Topway imapereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera zinthu, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku fakitale kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku China, kunyanja. kuwuza zosankha, thandizo lathunthu la zotumiza kunja ndi zotumiza kunja, komanso kutumiza katundu kumayiko aku Europe. Kampaniyo imaperekanso ntchito zosinthira za FCL (Full Container Load) ndi LCL (Less-than-Container-Load) zonyamula katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza madoko aku Portugal. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi amitundu yonse ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu azitha kugwira ntchito motsatira dongosolo limodzi logwirizana la zotumiza.

Kwa mabizinesi omwe amatumiza katundu kudzera ku Portugal, mgwirizano wa Topway wa zikalata za ICS2 zisanafike, makonzedwe ochotsera katundu ku Sines, ndi kasamalidwe ka chitsimikizo cha mayendedwe ndi mtundu wa ntchito yoyambira mpaka kumapeto yomwe imasintha zabwino za chipata cha ku Portugal kukhala mwayi weniweni wamabizinesi m'malo mwa mwayi womwe ungatheke.

Chithunzi Chachikulu: Kutsatira Malamulo a Kasitomu ku EU mu 2025 ndi Kupitilira apo

Malamulo obweretsa katundu ku EU kudzera ku Portugal asintha kwambiri m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi ndipo apitiliza kusintha. Kutulutsidwa kwathunthu kwa ICS2 Release 3 m'njira zonse zoyendera pofika Seputembala 2025 ndiye kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri pazachuma cha EU pazaka 20. Mtundu waposachedwa wa mauthenga a ICS2 (v3) unayamba kugwira ntchito pa February 3, 2026. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito zachuma omwe sanasunthe kale machitidwe awo a IT ayenera kutero nthawi yomweyo kapena kuyika mafayilo awo pachiwopsezo chokana kufalitsa.

Njira Yosinthira Mpweya wa Carbon Border (CBAM) ya EU ikukulirakuliranso. CBAM tsopano ikugwira ntchito pa chitsulo, aluminiyamu, simenti, feteleza, mphamvu, ndi haidrojeni. Otumiza zinthuzi ku EU ayenera kukhala olembetsedwa ndipo ayenera kupereka deta yotsimikizika ya mpweya woipa chaka chilichonse. Katundu wambiri wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu sanaphimbidwebe, koma dongosololi likuyenera kukula. Magulu oyendetsa zinthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mafakitale kapena zipangizo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa chitukuko cha CBAM ngati gawo la njira yawo yotsatirira malamulo.

Bungwe la kasitomu ku Portugal likuika ndalama pa ntchito yokonza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta komanso kufufuza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera ku zoopsa. Nthawi yovomerezeka yochotsera katundu m'madoko aku Portugal yakhala ikukwera kwa ogulitsa katundu omwe ali ndi mbiri yolondola yotsatira malamulo, monga ma code olondola a HS, kuwerengera ndalama nthawi zonse, komanso zikalata zonse. Zosiyana ndi izi: ogwira ntchito omwe amapanga zolakwika zomwezo mobwerezabwereza amawunikidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo kuwunika kumeneku kumawonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Sikuti kungotsatira malamulo a katundu aliyense; koma kumanga kulumikizana ndi dongosolo la kasitomu pakapita nthawi.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti mabizinesi akuyenera kuvomereza bwino malamulo a kasitomu ku Portugal osati kungopewa kuchedwa kwa katundu m'modzi. Koma ndi bwino kukhala ndi dzina labwino ndi kasitomu kuti katundu aliyense pambuyo pake akhale wachangu komanso wotetezeka. Njira yabwino yopitira kumeneko ndikugwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito za kasitomu omwe ali ndi luso, kutsatira malamulo a ICS2, komanso kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mapepala kuyambira pachiyambi.

Kutsiliza

Monga momwe malo olowera ku EU amasonyezera, madoko a Portugal ali ndi ubwino wopikisana nawo, monga kuchuluka kwa madzi akuya ku Sines, nthawi yofulumira yoyendera kupita ku misika ya Iberia, komanso zomangamanga zabwino mkati mwa dziko. Koma kungoti malo olowera ndi osavuta kufikako sizikutanthauza kuti malamulo a msika umodzi wa EU ndi osavuta kumvetsetsa. Nkhani zomwezo zomwe zimachedwetsa kuloledwa kwa madoko aku Portugal zimachitika m'malo olowera ku EU konsekonse: manambala olakwika a EORI, ma code olakwika a HS, mafomu ochedwa kapena osakwanira a ICS2, ma invoice osagwirizana, zikalata zoyambira zomwe zikusowa, ndi kulephera kwa chitsimikizo cha mayendedwe. Portugal ndi yapadera chifukwa ili ndi miyezo yapadera yochotsera katundu ku Sines ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira ICS2 Release 3 pamayendedwe onse. Izi zakweza malo otsatira malamulo kwa onse oitanitsa ndi otumiza katundu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chipata ichi.

Yankho lake si lovuta: dziwani zomwe muyenera kuchita, onetsetsani kuti mapepala anu ndi olondola, lembani zikalata zanu musanafike nthawi yake ndi chidziwitso chonse choyenera, ndikugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi ogwira nawo ntchito zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu omwe amadziwa kutsatira malamulo a EU kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri za unyolo wopereka katundu. Njira yogwirira ntchito ya Topway Shipping, yomwe imayambira m'mafakitale aku China mpaka kumapeto ku Europe, ikukwaniritsa zofunikira izi ndendende. Izi zimathandiza mabizinesi kugwiritsa ntchito malo anzeru a Portugal popanda kulipira kuchedwa komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kusatsatira malamulo.

Ngati kampani yanu ikufuna kukulitsa mbiri yake mu EU kudzera m'madoko aku Portugal mu 2025 ndi 2026, upangiri wabwino ndikuwona kutsatira malamulo a misonkho ngati zomangamanga, osati chinthu chomwe chingabwere pambuyo pake. Ndalama zomwe zingawonongedwe pamalire nthawi zonse zimakhala zokwera kuposa mtengo wopeza bwino.

Ibibazo

Q: Kodi kuchotsera msonkho kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji ku madoko aku Portugal monga Sines kapena Leixões?

A: Nthawi zambiri tsamba la Portuguese AT limagwiritsa ntchito ma declarations ndikutumiza malangizo oti atulutsidwe mkati mwa maola 24 mpaka 72 kuchokera pamene latumizidwa, bola ngati mapepala onse ali olondola komanso athunthu. Ngati pakufunika kuwunika kwenikweni, amatha kuwonjezera masiku ena atatu mpaka asanu ndi awiri ogwira ntchito. Mafayilo a ICS2 ENS akafika asanafike ndipo zikalata zonse zikugwirizana, zilolezo zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri.

Q: Kodi ICS2 ENS ndi chiyani ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani ili yofunika pa katundu wotumizidwa ku Portugal?

A: Chilengezo cha Chidule cha Entry Summary Declaration (ENS) ndi chikalata chokakamiza cha chitetezo chomwe chiyenera kuperekedwa zinthu zilizonse zisanalowe mu EU. Kuyambira Seputembala 2025, pamene ICS2 Release 3 inayamba kugwira ntchito mokwanira, ENS iyenera kuperekedwa sitima, galimoto, sitima, kapena ndege isanafike. Pali masiku osiyanasiyana a njira iliyonse yoyendera. Iyenera kukhala ndi ma code athunthu a HS okhala ndi manambala 6 ndi mafotokozedwe a katundu omwe amatsatira malamulo. Ngati ENS ikusowa, mochedwa, kapena molakwika, zizindikiro zodziyimira zokha zimakwera zomwe zingayambitse kuwunika kofunikira.

Q: Katundu wanga ndi wochokera ku China, komwe kulibe EU FTA. Kodi ndikufunikirabe Satifiketi Yoyambira?

A: Ngati katunduyo akuchokera ku China, safunikira Satifiketi Yapadera Yochokera chifukwa palibe FTA. Komabe, kutengera mtundu wa chinthucho, angafunikebe Satifiketi Yanthawi Zonse Yochokera pazifukwa zowerengera, zotsutsa kutaya katundu, kapena zowunikira katundu wolowa. Ndikofunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti kulengeza kochokera ndi kolondola, makamaka pazinthu zomwe zakonzedwa kapena kutumizidwa ku Portugal zisanafike kumeneko.

Q: Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ndigwiritsa ntchito khodi ya HS ya manambala anayi mu fayilo yanga ya ICS2 ENS?

Q: Kodi Topway Shipping ingathe kuthana ndi njira yonse yochotsera katundu wa katundu kudzera ku Portugal?

A: Inde. Topway Shipping imapereka ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi katundu, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe oyamba ku China, kuchotsa katundu kuchokera kunja, kutumiza katundu m'nyanja kupita ku madoko aku Portugal, kuchotsa katundu kuchokera kunja kwa EU, komanso kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku EU. Topway yakhala ikugwira ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka zoposa 15 ndipo imayang'ana kwambiri kutsatira malamulo a mayiko ena. Monga gawo la ntchito zake zonse, imayang'anira zolemba za ICS2, kutsimikizira ma code a HS, kukonzekera zikalata, ndi kugwirizanitsa kulengeza za katundu kuchokera kunja.

Q: Kodi chitsimikizo cha mayendedwe ndi chiyani ndipo ndiyenera kuyika liti katundu wolowera kudzera ku Portugal?

A: Katundu akalowa mu EU kudzera mu njira yoyendera yakunja ndipo akupita ku Dziko lina la EU, chitsimikizo cha mayendedwe ndi chitetezo cha ndalama chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu a kasitomu aku Portugal. Chimaphimba msonkho womwe ungakhalepo ndi VAT yomwe ingakhalepo panthawi yoyendera. Njira yoyendera isanayambe padoko lolowera ku Portugal, chitsimikizocho chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Njira yoyendera siingayambe ngati sikokwanira kapena ayi, ndipo zinthuzo zimakhalabe padoko lolowera.