Kuchokera ku Factory ku Guangdong kupita ku Doorstep ku Paris: Kuyenda Koyenera kwa DDP Oversize
Introduction
Kusamutsa sofa, treadmill kapena rack ya mafakitale kuchokera ku fakitale ku Guangdong kupita ku chipinda chochezera cha ogula ku Paris si ntchito yosavuta yokhudza kayendetsedwe ka katundu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kulengeza kutumiza kunja, mayendedwe apanyanja, chilolezo cha misonkho ya EU, mitengo ya zinthu zolowera ku France, kulipira VAT ndi kutumiza katundu wapafupi komwe nthawi zambiri kumafuna kukonza nthawi yokumana ndi anthu komanso chithandizo cha magolovesi oyera. Mavuto ambiri okhudza kayendetsedwe ka katundu m'njira imeneyi samachitika chifukwa cha njira ya nyanja yokha, koma chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika mbali zonse ziwiri.
DDP, kapena Delivered Duty Paid, ndi Incoterm yosankha katundu wodutsa malire kuchokera ku China kupita ku France chifukwa imabweretsa njira zonsezo pansi pa munthu mmodzi wodalirika. Wogula amalipira mtengo umodzi ndipo wopereka chithandizo cha katundu amasamalira zina zonse kuyambira kunyamula katundu m'fakitale mpaka kutumizira pakhomo. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsani tsatanetsatane wa ndondomekoyi mwatsatanetsatane—zomwe zimachitika komanso chifukwa chake, komwe kuchedwa kumachitika, komanso momwe makampani odziwa bwino ntchito monga Topway Shipping amapewera kuchedwako kuti kusakhale kowononga ndalama zambiri.
Ngati ndinu wogulitsa zinthu pa intaneti amene amatumiza mipando mwachindunji kwa ogula aku France, wogulitsa zinthu ku B2B amene amagulitsanso katundu ku Paris, kapena wogwiritsa ntchito webusaiti yodziyimira payokha amene amamanga katundu wanu kuyambira pachiyambi, kumvetsetsa izi kudzakukonzekeretsani kuti mukambirane mitengo yabwino, kupewa zolakwa zomwe zingapeweke, komanso kukhazikitsa ziyembekezo zenizeni ndi makasitomala anu.
Kodi DDP Imatanthauza Chiyani pa Katundu Wokulirapo Kwambiri - Ndipo Chifukwa Chake Ndi Yovuta Kwambiri Kuposa Mmene Anthu Amaganizira?
Anthu ambiri amadziwa DDP pamlingo wapamwamba: wogulitsa amalipira chilichonse. Koma katundu wolemera kwambiri - zinthu zazikulu kuposa miyeso wamba ya mthenga ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatumizidwa ndi katundu wapanyanja - DDP ili ndi zofunikira zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zili mu phukusi kapena phukusi laling'ono.
DDP imatanthauza kuti wogulitsa katundu waku China kapena wothandizira wake woyendetsa katundu amakhala wotumiza katundu ku France. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kukhala ndi kapena kusankha woimira ndalama wokhala ndi nambala yovomerezeka ya VAT yaku France, kumaliza kulengeza kwa misonkho, kulipira ndalama zonse zolowera zomwe zikugwirizana ndi EU Common External Tariff ndikulipira 20% French TVA (VAT) zinthuzo zisanatulutsidwe ku misonkho. Pazinthu zazikulu - mipando, zida zolimbitsa thupi, mipando yothira mafuta, zida zazikulu - gawo lonyamula katundu lokha ndilofunika mokwanira kusintha mtengo wa misonkho, chifukwa France imagwiritsa ntchito njira ya CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) podziwa ndalama. Maziko okhometsa msonkho si mtengo wa fakitale yokha komanso katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi inshuwaransi mpaka doko loyamba lolowera ku EU.
Palinso gawo lotsatira malamulo kuwonjezera pa zomwe zili mu malamulo. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe anthu amagula zomwe zimatumizidwa ku France zingafunike kulembedwa kwa CE, zamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi zingafunike kulembetsa kwa WEEE kapena kulembedwa zina m'Chifalansa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kafukufuku wotsutsana ndi kutayira katundu umakhudza magawo monga mipando, zitsulo ndi zina zamagetsi. Kuyambira mu 2024 kupita mtsogolo, akuluakulu a kasitomu aku France akukonzekera kuwonjezera kwambiri macheke pa katundu wochepa mtengo waku China (womwe uli ndi mtengo wokwana EUR 2.5 biliyoni muzinthu zomwe zinagwidwa chifukwa chotsika mtengo mu 2024 yokha), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikalata zoyenera zisachitike koma zikhale zoopsa kwa ogulitsa kunja.
Kuyenda kwa Gawo ndi Gawo: Kuchokera ku Chipata cha Factory kupita ku Paris Doorstep
Gawo 1 — Kutenga ndi Kuyang'anira Zinthu Zotumizidwa ku Fakitale ku Guangdong
Njirayi imayambira m'mafakitale, nthawi zambiri m'malo opangira mafakitale ku Guangdong ku Pearl River Delta - malo monga Foshan (mipando), Zhongshan (magetsi), Dongguan (zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zolimbitsa thupi) ndi Guangzhou yokha. Wotumiza katundu, Topway Shipping, ndiye amasankha mnzake woyendetsa katundu wapakhomo kuti akatenge katunduyo kuchokera pansi popanga. Si nkhani yongotumiza galimoto ya katundu wamkulu. Wotumiza katunduyo ayenera kuyang'ana kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake pasadakhale, kusunga galimoto yoyenera yokhala ndi bedi lolimba kapena lokhala ndi nsalu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti katunduyo wakonzedwa bwino komanso wotetezedwa paulendo wa panyanja wa milungu ingapo.
Ndi nthawi yowunikira katundu asanayambe kutumiza, osati pambuyo pokweza katundu. Topway Shipping imayang'ana katundu monga kuwerengera mayunitsi, kuyang'ana ubwino wa kulongedza katundu, kujambula zithunzi za katunduyo ndikuwona zizindikiro za makatoni, zilembo za HS code ndi zikalata zilizonse zofunika kutsatira malamulo galimoto isananyamuke pamalopo. Kupeza cholakwika apa kumatenga maola angapo. Kuchipeza ku Le Havre Customs kumatenga milungu ingapo.
Gawo 2 — Kulengeza za Kutumiza Zinthu ku China ndi Kuvomereza Kasitomu
Akafika ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu yolumikizana ndi katundu pafupi ndi doko lochokera, nthawi zambiri ku Shenzhen, Guangzhou kapena Nansha, njira yolembera katundu wotumizidwa kunja imayamba. Izi zikuphatikizapo kupanga invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wolongedza katundu ndi bilu yonyamula katundu; kuyang'ana code ya HS poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya msonkho wotumizidwa kunja ku China ndi nthawi ya msonkho wotumizidwa kunja ku EU; ndikumaliza kulengeza za msonkho wotumizidwa kunja ndi milatho yaku China (GACC).
Pakadali pano, kugawa bwino kwa HS ndikofunikira kwambiri. Khodi ya HS yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri pakulengeza kutumiza kunja kwa China ikhoza kukopa msonkho wotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu kapena gulu lokwera la tariff ngati code yomweyi ikukonzedwa ndi kasitomu yaku France. Otumiza katundu odziwa bwino ntchito amafufuza mbali zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi ndipo nthawi zina amapereka kusintha komwe kuli kolondola mwalamulo komanso kopindulitsa kwambiri pansi pa Common Customs Tariff ya EU.
Gawo 3 — Kutumiza Zinthu Pamadoko ndi Kuyenda Panyanja
Kwa katundu wochuluka wochokera ku Guangdong kupita ku France, katundu wa panyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala maziko a ulendowu. Madoko akuluakulu onyamula katundu aku China omwe amalowera mumsewu uwu ndi Shenzhen (Yantian kapena Shekou terminals), Guangzhou Nansha, Shanghai ndi Ningbo. Ku France, doko lotulutsira katundu nthawi zambiri ndi Le Havre (malo olowera kumpoto ndi pakati pa France) kapena Marseille (kwa kum'mwera kwa France ndi Mediterranean routing).
Nthawi yoyendera kuchokera ku madoko a Guangdong kupita ku Le Havre ndi katundu wa panyanja nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 30 mpaka 40 pa ntchito zoyendera mwachindunji kapena kamodzi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuyambira mu 2023, njira zingapo zoyendera makontena pakati pa China ndi Europe zasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Suez Canal/Red Sea corridor kupita ku Cape of Good Hope routing yayitali, zomwe zawonjezera masiku pafupifupi 10 mpaka 14 pa nthawi yoyendera poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya 2023 isanafike. Izi zapangitsa kuti nthawi ya DDP yochokera pakhomo kupita pakhomo ikhale yofanana ndi masiku 45-50 kupita ku masiku ngati 50-65 pa maulendo amakono.
Ngati muli ndi zidutswa zazikulu za chinthu chimodzi - chilichonse chachikulu kuposa kukula kwa chidebe wamba, monga zida zamakina a mafakitale kapena mapanelo akuluakulu a mipando - mungafunike zotengera zosagwira ntchito (OOG) kapena zotengera za flat-rack. Topway Shipping imasamalira zidutswa za katundu zolemera mpaka matani 8 ndi mamita 8 kutalika. Izi zimasamalira magulu ambiri azinthu zazikulu zomwe ogula ndi mafakitale opepuka amagwiritsa ntchito.
Chidule cha nthawi yoyendera katundu wa panyanja ndi mitengo yanthawi zonse ya misewu ikuluikulu panjira iyi ndi ichi:
| njira | Nthawi Yoyenda (Masiku) | Chidebe Mtundu | Mtengo Woyerekeza (USD/CBM, LCL) | zolemba |
| Shenzhen → Le Havre | 32-38 | FCL/LCL | USD 80-160 | Njira yodziwika kwambiri yotumizira katundu ku Guangdong |
| Guangzhou Nansha → Le Havre | 33-40 | FCL/LCL | USD 75-155 | Zabwino kwambiri ku mafakitale a Pearl River Delta |
| Shanghai → Le Havre | 28-35 | FCL/LCL | USD 70-150 | Mitengo yampikisano, pafupipafupi kwambiri |
| Ningbo → Le Havre | 30-37 | FCL/LCL | USD 72-152 | Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza katundu wogwirizana |
| Shenzhen → Marseille | 32-40 | FCL/LCL | USD 80-165 | Zabwino kwambiri potumiza katundu kum'mwera kwa France |
| Doko lililonse → France (Sitima yapamtunda) | 30–45 (zonse) | LCL imakonda | USD 90-180 | Sitima yapamtunda yochokera ku China kupita ku Europe kudzera ku Central Asia |
Dziwani: Mitengo ya LCL ndi yofunikira pa kiyubiki mita imodzi ya katundu wamba. Mitengo ya FCL ya chidebe cha mamita 40 kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku Rotterdam/Le Havre inali pa USD 2,000-2,200, kutsika kuchokera pamlingo wokwera wa 2024, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026. Ndalama zomaliza za DDP kuchokera ku China kupita ku France: USD 150 mpaka USD 350 pa kiyubiki mita imodzi ya zinthu zazikulu kutengera zomwe katunduyo akufuna, komwe katunduyo akupita komanso ntchito zomwe zimafunika.
Gawo 4 — Kufika ku French Port ndi Kukonzekera Kuchotsera Pasadakhale
Sitimayo isanafike ku Le Havre kapena ku Marseille, ogwira ntchito za kasitomu ku Europe omwe amatumiza katunduyo amaika kale chilengezo cholowera katundu. Kasitomu ku France (Douane Française) ikugwera pansi pa EU's Union Customs Code (UCC). Kupereka katundu sitimayo isanafike kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuchedwa padoko ndikuthandizira kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi mavuto aliwonse monga ma HS code olakwika, kusowa kwa ziphaso zotsatizana ndi malamulo ndi mafunso okhudza mtengo pamene sitimayo ikadali panyanja, osati ikafika padoko.
Ndi munthawi iyi yovomerezeka isanafike nthawi yovomerezeka, momwe mphamvu ya katundu wa katundu wa ku Europe kwa wotumiza katunduyo ndi yofunika kwambiri. Topway Shipping ili ndi zomangamanga zake zochotsera katundu m'maiko 25 a EU, kuphatikiza France, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito yochotsera katundu si kampani yachitatu yokhala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira katundu, koma ndi gawo lachindunji la unyolo wogwirira ntchito. Kampaniyo imaperekanso ntchito yochotsera katundu kawiri ya DDP, mwachitsanzo, kulengeza kutumiza katundu ku China komanso kulengeza katundu wochokera ku France zimasamalidwa ndi kampaniyo mwanjira imodzi.
Gawo 5 — Kulipira kwa French Customs Clearance ndi Duty/VAT
Kuchotsera katundu wakunja kuchokera ku China ku France kumafuna mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya ndalama. Choyamba, mtengo wa katundu wochokera kunja, womwe umasintha malinga ndi HS code mu EU Common External Tariff. Mipando yochokera ku China nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtengo wa katundu kuyambira 0% mpaka 5.6% kutengera katunduyo. Zipangizo zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi monga ma treadmill ndi ma elliptical nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa 0% ndi 2.7%. Zipangizo zazikulu zili paliponse. Gululi lakhala likufufuzidwa kale kuti lisatayidwe katundu, motero ndikofunikira kwambiri kuligawa molondola.
Chachiwiri, mtengo wa katundu woperekedwa ndi kasitomu, womwe, monga tawonetsera pamwambapa, umadalira French TVA ya 20 peresenti. Pa katundu yemwe katundu wakunja ndi gawo lalikulu la mtengo wonse, kukwezedwa kwa CIF kumeneku kumawonjezera maziko a VAT poyerekeza ndi zomwe wogulitsa angayerekezere kutengera mtengo wa fakitale yokha. Chachitatu, misonkho iliyonse yotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu kapena yotsutsana nayo imawonjezeredwa ku msonkho wamba. Izi zitha kukhala zazikulu - m'magulu ena a mipando ndi zinthu zachitsulo, ndalama zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu m'mbuyomu zakhala 30% mpaka 60% ya mtengo wa katundu woperekedwa ndi kasitomu.
Malinga ndi malamulo a DDP, wotumiza katundu amalipira ndalama izi kwa wotumiza katundu waku China ngati gawo la mtengo wonse wa DDP, kenako amatumiza ndalamazo mwachindunji ku kasitomu waku France. Wogula waku France saona chilichonse mwa izi, amangopeza zinthu zake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wa DDP uyenera kulosera molondola magawo onse atatu a mtengo. Ngati mtengo waperekedwa ndi mtengo wa CIF wocheperako kapena HS code itasankhidwa molakwika, bilu ya kasitomu idzakhala yoposa yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa (udindo wa wotumiza katundu pansi pa DDP).
Nayi chitsanzo cha kuwerengera kosavuta kwa ndalama za msonkho wa msonkho pa katundu wamba woposa katundu:
| Mtengo wagawo | Mtengo Wachitsanzo (USD) | Kuwerengera Maziko | zolemba |
| Mtengo wa Fakitale (FOB) | 3,000 | Mtengo wa invoice | Mtengo wolengezedwa wamalonda |
| International Ocean Freight | 650 | LCL kapena FCL yogawidwa | Yowonjezedwa ku mtengo wa kasitomu pansi pa CIF |
| Insurance Premium | 45 | ~ 0.5% yamtengo wonyamula katundu | Yowonjezedwa ku mtengo wa kasitomu pansi pa CIF |
| Mtengo wa Kasitomu wa CIF | 3,695 | FOB + Freight + Inshuwaransi | Maziko okhoma msonkho a misonkho ndi VAT |
| Msonkho Wochokera Kunja (monga 3.7%) | 137 | CIF × mtengo wantchito | Kutengera ndi HS-code; zimasiyana |
| TVA yaku France (20%) | 766 | (CIF + Ntchito) × 20% | VAT pa CIF + msonkho uliwonse wolipidwa |
| Mtengo Wonse Womwe Udagulidwa (DDP) | 4,598 | Chiwerengero cha zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa + mtunda womaliza | Wogula salipira chilichonse chowonjezera |
Gawo 6 — Mayendedwe a M'dziko ndi Kutumiza Makilomita Omaliza ku France
Akamaliza kulipira msonkho wa msonkho, katunduyo amatulutsidwa kuchokera padoko kupita ku netiweki ya anthu aku France yonyamula katundu. Kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku Le Havre kupita ku Paris kumatenga pafupifupi maola awiri kapena atatu pagalimoto. Koma mtunda womaliza wa katundu wamkulu ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi kutumiza katundu wamba m'njira zomwe anthu ambiri sakonda.
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunyumba ku Paris kapena m'chigawo cha mzinda nthawi zambiri zimafuna kutumizidwa nthawi yokumana, kunyamula masitepe kapena kukweza zinthu, kusonkhanitsa magolovesi oyera (mipando) kapena kuchotsa zinyalala mutatsegula. Kuchuluka kwa katundu m'nyumba zogona ku Paris, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto akuluakulu otumizira katundu m'misewu yopapatiza, ndi zoletsa kukula kwa katundu m'nyumba zakale za Haussmann ndi zovuta zenizeni zomwe wopereka chithandizo chamagetsi wodziwa bwino ntchito ayenera kuyembekezera m'malo mochitapo kanthu.
Netiweki ya Topway Shipping yopita ku France imapereka chithandizo cha B2B ku ma adilesi amalonda, chithandizo cha B2C kwa ogula okhala m'nyumba zokhala ndi nthawi yokumana, malo osankhidwa, ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito magolovesi oyera. Kwa amalonda ogulitsa pa intaneti omwe amatumiza mwachindunji kwa ogula aku France, chithandizo chapamwamba ichi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chinthu choyamba chomwe chimapangitsa makasitomala kukhala osangalala komanso kubweza ndalama.
Zikalata Zofunikira Pa Gawo Lililonse
Kutumiza kwa DDP kuchokera ku China kupita ku France kumapereka zikalata zolondola pa sitepe iliyonse mu unyolo. Mapepala osowa kapena olakwika pa sitepe iliyonse angayambitse kuchedwa kwa kufalikira kwa zinthu. Izi ndi chidule cha zikalata zofunika ndi nthawi yake yofunikira:
| Gawo | Ndemanga | Wosindikiza | Mfundo Zovuta |
| Fakitale/Kutumiza kunja | Inivoyisi yamalonda | Wotumiza Zinthu ku China | Iyenera kuwonetsa mtengo weniweni wofanana ndi CIF; kutsika kwa mtengo wake kumayambitsa kufufuza kwa kasitomu ku France |
| Fakitale/Kutumiza kunja | Mndandanda wazolongedza | Wotumiza Zinthu ku China | Ayenera kufotokoza molondola miyeso, kulemera, ndi chiwerengero cha mapaketi |
| Fakitale/Kutumiza kunja | Export Customs Declaration | Wotumiza (CN) | Khodi ya HS iyenera kugwirizana ndi gulu la zinthu zochokera ku EU |
| Ocean Transit | Bill Yotsogolera (B / L) | Sipping Line | Kutulutsidwa koyambirira kwa B/L kapena Telex kumafunika kuti msonkho wa msonkho uchotsedwe pamalo omwe mukupita |
| Miyambo Yachifalansa | Chidziwitso Chotengera (SAD) | Wotumiza katundu (EU) | Yolembedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya French DELTA; iyenera kukhala ndi nambala ya EORI ya woitanitsa zolembedwa |
| Miyambo Yachifalansa | Satifiketi Yoyambira | Wotumiza Zinthu ku China | Zofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuyenerera kwa MFN; zitha kuchotsedwa pamagulu ena azinthu |
| Miyambo Yachifalansa | Satifiketi ya CE / Zikalata Zogwirizana ndi Malamulo | wopanga | Zofunikira pa magulu azinthu zolamulidwa (zamagetsi, makina, zoseweretsa, ndi zina zotero) |
| Miyambo Yachifalansa | Satifiketi Ya Inshuwaransi | Inshuwaransi | Chofunika kutsimikizira gawo la inshuwaransi la CIF |
| Ma mile omaliza | Chidziwitso Chotumizira (CMR) | Chonyamulira cha ku France | Chosainidwa ndi wolandira ngati umboni wa kutumizidwa; chofunikira pothetsa milandu yokhudza kuwonongeka |
Kumene Kutumiza Kumachedwadi - ndi Momwe Mungapewere
Kumvetsetsa kayendedwe ka katundu kumathandiza kwambiri. N'kothandiza kwambiri kuona komwe kukuchitika. Mu njira ya DDP yochokera ku China kupita ku France, kuchedwa kwakukulu kwa kutumiza katundu kumakhala kozungulira madera anayi omwe ali ndi mavuto ambiri.
Chomwe chimayambitsa kuchedwa kwambiri ndi kusagawidwa bwino kwa HS code. Ngati HS code yomwe yalengezedwa si yomwe makasitomala aku France amaona kuti zinthuzo ndi zomwe zili, kutumiza kumayikidwa mu njira yofunsira kapena kuyimitsa yomwe ingawonjezere sabata imodzi kapena zitatu ku nthawi yake. Yankho ndi kutsimikizira chilolezo cha katundu asanachoke ku China, kuyang'ana HS code yaku China yotumizira kunja motsutsana ndi EU Combined Nomenclature musanayike, osati mutafika.
Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe chikuchititsa kuti sitimayi ichedwetsedwe ndi kusowa kwa zikalata. Kusowa kwa ziphaso za inshuwaransi, ma invoice osasainidwa, ziphaso zosonyeza CE zomwe sizikuphimba mtundu womwe ukutumizidwa kunja - chilichonse mwa izi chingalepheretse kuloledwa. Oyendetsa sitima odziwa bwino ntchito amalemba mndandanda wa zikalata sitimayo isananyamuke, osati ikafika ku Le Havre.
Chachitatu, mafunso okhudza mtengo wotsika. Kuyambira mu 2024, akuluakulu a kasitomu ku France akhala akugwira ntchito kwambiri pofunsa za mtengo wa zinthu zochokera ku China, makamaka mipando, zamagetsi ndi zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati mtengo wa fakitale womwe ukunenedwa ukuoneka kuti sukugwirizana ndi mtengo wa zinthu zofanana pamsika, kutumiza kumawonetsedwa kuti kufufuzidwe mosamala. Chitetezo chenicheni chokhacho ndi zikalata zolondola, zotetezedwa, zothandizidwa ndi mgwirizano weniweni wogula, zolemba zotumizira ndi ndalama zolipirira malonda kutengera mitengo yamsika.
Pomaliza, kumapeto kwa dziko la France, kulephera kwa galimoto yomaliza ndi chinthu chomwe chimachititsa kuti makasitomala asakhumudwe. Kwa amalonda a B2C pa intaneti, kulephera kwa galimoto yonyamula katundu chifukwa chakuti galimoto yonyamula katundu ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, kasitomala sali kunyumba, kapena kampani yonyamula katunduyo ilibe mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito magolovesi oyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mubwezeretse ndalama, ndalama zosungira, ndi kubweza ndalama. Kusiyana koyezera: Mukugwiritsa ntchito kampani yonyamula katundu yokhala ndi zomangamanga zenizeni za galimoto yomaliza pa zinthu zazikulu ku France, osati kampani yotumizira katundu wamba yokonzedwa kuti igwire ntchito pazinthu zazikulu.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumagwirizanirana ndi Kuyenda Uku
Topway Shipping idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010 ku Shenzhen ndipo ili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zakuchitikira pakukhazikitsa unyolo wazinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zovuta zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zakuchitikira pa ntchito yokonza zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, makamaka pamayendedwe ochokera ku China kupita ku Europe. Ngakhale makampani otumiza katundu wamba amaona katundu wochulukirapo ngati chitsanzo chabwino cha ntchito zawo za FCL, Topway Shipping yamanga njira yake yonse yogwirira ntchito mozungulira.
Mphamvu zazikulu zogwirira ntchito potumiza katundu wambiri ku France ndi izi: kulengeza kutumiza katundu ku China; chilolezo cha msonkho cha EU m'maiko 25 aku Europe kuphatikiza France; ntchito yochotsera katundu kawiri ya DDP yomwe imakhudza mbali zonse ziwiri za malonda motsatira mgwirizano; netiweki yomaliza yokhala ndi nthawi yokumana, magolovesi oyera ndi kuthekera kotumizira katundu m'nyumba za B2C; komanso kuthekera kosamalira katundu m'modzi wolemera mpaka matani 8 ndi mamita 8 kutalika.
Topway Shipping imapereka njira zonse zoyendera: katundu wa panyanja (FCL ndi LCL kuchokera kumadoko onse akuluakulu aku China), katundu wa njanji pa maulendo apakati pa China ndi Europe komanso katundu wa pandege wotumizidwa mwachangu kapena wamtengo wapatali, komanso ntchito zosungiramo katundu kunja kwa dziko ku Europe kwa ogulitsa omwe akufuna kulekanitsa maulendo apanyanja ndi nthawi yomaliza yotumizira katundu. Ndi ulamuliro uwu wa unyolo wonyamula katundu, m'malo modalira ma contractors ang'onoang'ono, womwe umalola kampaniyo kupereka nthawi yomaliza yomwe ingakwaniritse, m'malo moyerekeza zomwe zimawonongeka zikakumana ndi zenizeni.
Kwa ogulitsa mipando, zida zolimbitsa thupi, zida zazikulu zapakhomo ndi zinthu zina zofananira zotumizira katundu kwa makasitomala aku France, Topway Shipping ndi kampani yogulitsa zinthu yomwe ikudziwa osati kokha za kayendedwe ka katundu komanso zomwe malonda akukumana nazo, kuphatikizapo kulumikizana mwachindunji pakati pa khalidwe lapamwamba komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimabwezedwa pamsika waku France.
Kusankha Njira Yoyenera Yoyendera Pakutumiza Kwanu Kwambiri
"Sikuti katundu yense wochuluka kwambiri wochokera ku Guangdong kupita ku France ayenera kutumizidwa panyanja. Zimadalira chiŵerengero cha kulemera kwa katunduyo, liwiro lomwe ayenera kutumizidwa, kuchuluka kwa katunduyo komanso chilakolako cha wogulitsa chofuna kuyika pachiwopsezo. Chidule cha izi ndi choyerekeza:
| Njira Yoyendera | Nthawi Yoyenda (Khomo ndi Khomo) | Mtengo mlingo | Zabwino Kwambiri | Kuganizira Kwambiri |
| Zonyamula Panyanja (FCL) | Masiku 50-65 | Otsika kwambiri pa CBM | Mavoliyumu akuluakulu, zotengera zonse, mipando, zida zolemera | Imafuna kuchuluka kochepa; ingakhale ikuchedwa kuyenda pa Nyanja Yofiira |
| Zonyamula Panyanja (LCL) | Masiku 55-70 | Pansi (pa CBM) | Magulu ang'onoang'ono ochulukirapo, 1–5 CBM, kutumiza koyesa | Kuyika zinthu pamodzi kumawonjezera nthawi; chiopsezo chonyamula katundu ndi chachikulu kuposa FCL |
| Sitima Yonyamula katundu (LCL) | Masiku 30-45 | sing'anga | Katundu wapakati amafunika kutumizidwa mwachangu kuposa panyanja | Zabwino kwambiri kumayiko a EU omwe ali ndi malo otsekedwa; zabwino kwambiri ku China-Poland-Paris routing |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 7-12 | Wammwambamwamba | Zinthu zazikulu, zachangu, komanso zopepuka | Zokwera mtengo kwambiri pazinthu zolemera; malire oletsa kulemera |
Pazinthu zambiri zomwe anthu amagula kuchokera ku Guangdong kupita ku Paris, monga mipando, zida zolimbitsa thupi ndi zida zazikulu zapakhomo, LCL kapena FCL yonyamula katundu m'nyanja ikadali njira ina yabwino pazachuma. Kunyamula katundu pa sitima kumapereka malo apakati oti anthu azitha kubwezeretsanso zinthu zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi mtengo wa katundu wa pandege. Kunyamula katundu pandege nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina, zinthu zomwe zimafunika mwachangu kapena zinthu zamtengo wapatali komwe chiopsezo cha kuchedwa chimakhala chokwera kuposa mtengo wa katundu.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza katundu wambiri kuchokera ku fakitale ku Guangdong kupita pakhomo ku Paris ndi ntchito yokonzekera zinthu yokhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo magawo asanu ndi limodzi osiyana a ntchito, akuluakulu awiri a kasitomu, njira zingapo zoyendera ndi zofunikira zolembera zomwe zakhala zovuta kwambiri chaka chilichonse chotsatira cha kulimbitsa malamulo a EU. Kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane kayendetsedwe kameneka si ntchito yanzeru, ndikofunikira kuti mutchule molondola, kupereka ndalama zodalirika komanso zoteteza katundu pa katundu aliyense wotumizidwa.
Ubwino wopikisana pa msewu uwu ndi wa opereka chithandizo cha katundu omwe amanga zomangamanga zenizeni komanso zophatikizika mu unyolo wonse: kuchotsera katundu wakunja ndi kunja, mphamvu yotsimikizika yonyamula katundu wambiri, maukonde a ku Europe omwe angathandize kutumiza katundu m'nyumba, komanso chidziwitso cha mabungwe kuti ayembekezere ndikuthetsa njira zenizeni zomwe gululi limapereka nthawi zonse. Topway Shipping yakhala ikukhazikitsa zomangamanga zomwezo komanso ukadaulo wathunthu wa misonkho ya ku France, zomangamanga zantchito ndi zida zakutali zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndi maziko a mtengo uliwonse wa DDP womwe kampaniyo imapereka.
Kwa ogulitsa ndi otumiza katundu omwe akhudzidwa ndi unyolo wosawoneka bwino wa zinthu, ma bilu a msonkho odabwitsa kapena kulephera kwa mtunda wautali ku France, njira yabwino ndiyo kuchitira DDP osati ngati mtengo pa pepala logulitsira, koma ngati mphamvu yogwirira ntchito yomwe ingafufuzidwe ndikutsimikiziridwa. Funsani wotumiza katundu wanu amene adzapereka chikalata cha msonkho ku France. Funsani zomwe zimachitika ngati HS code yanu yatsutsidwa. Funsani yemwe ali ndi kampani yawo yonyamula katundu wa mtunda wautali komanso ngati afika pa malo okhala anthu ambiri ku Paris. Yankho la mafunso atatuwa lidzakuuzani zambiri za kudalirika kwa kutumiza kwanu kwa DDP kuposa kuyerekezera kulikonse kwa nthawi yoyendera.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi kutumiza kwa DDP n'chiyani, ndipo kumasiyana bwanji ndi DAP kapena FOB pa katundu wolemera kwambiri?
A: DDP (Delivered Duty Payed) imatanthauza kuti wogulitsa kapena wopereka chithandizo cha mayendedwe ake adzayang'anira ndalama zonse ndi zoopsa kuchokera ku fakitale yaku China kupita ku adilesi ya wogula ku France kuphatikiza kuchotsera katundu kunja, katundu wa panyanja, ndalama zolipirira msonkho ku France, VAT ndi kutumiza katundu mtunda womaliza. Pansi pa DAP, wogula ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wochotsera msonkho ndi kulipira misonkho. Mu FOB, wogula amatenga udindo katunduyo akangoyikidwa m'chombo ku China. Makasitomala aku France nthawi zambiri amasankha DDP ya katundu wolemera kwambiri kuti apewe mavuto a njira zolipirira msonkho ku France, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja omwe si a EU, komanso kuti mitengo iwonekere bwino pasadakhale.
Q: Kodi kutumiza katundu wa panyanja wa DDP kuchokera ku Guangdong kupita ku Paris kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji mu 2026?
A: Pakadali pano, katundu wambiri wotumizidwa kuchokera ku madoko a Guangdong kupita ku Paris amatenga masiku 50-65 kupita khomo ndi khomo kudzera mu njira ya Cape of Good Hope, kuphatikizapo kukonza doko, chilolezo cha kasitomu ku France (masiku awiri mpaka asanu ogwira ntchito nthawi zonse), komanso kutumiza katundu womaliza. Malinga ndi Topway Shipping, pafupifupi 91% ya katundu wake wa DDP ku France amatumizidwa mkati mwa masiku 45-55 panjira zabwino. Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yayitali kwambiri nthawi yachilimwe (Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China chisanafike komanso nthawi yobwezeretsanso katundu mu Ogasiti-Seputembala).
Q: Ndi misonkho iti ya ku France yochokera kunja ndi VAT yomwe ndiyenera kuyembekezera pa mipando kapena zida zolimbitsa thupi zochokera ku China?
Yankho: France imagwiritsa ntchito EU Common External Tariff. Mipando yochokera ku China nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi msonkho wochokera kunja kwa 0% mpaka 5.6% kutengera mtundu weniweni wa chinthucho ndi HS code. Zipangizo zolimbitsa thupi monga ma treadmill ndi makina ozungulira nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa 0% mpaka 2.7%. French TVA (VAT) ndi 20% pazinthu zambiri, zomwe zimawerengedwa pamtengo wa CIF forodha kuphatikiza ndalama zilizonse zotumizira kunja. Ndikofunikiranso kudziwa kuti mtengo wa CIF umaphatikizapo katundu wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi inshuwaransi, osati mtengo wa fakitale yokha, womwe ungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu pazinthu zazikulu, zolemera komwe katunduyo ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Q: Kodi ndikufunika nambala ya VAT yaku France kuti nditumize DDP ku France kuchokera ku China?
A: Inde. Mu mawu a DDP, wotumiza katundu ku France ndi amene amatumiza katundu ku China kapena wotumiza katundu wawo, amene ayenera kukhala ndi nambala yovomerezeka ya VAT ku France kapena kusankha woimira ndalama. Topway Shipping ili ndi zomangamanga zake zamkati mwa EU zochotsera msonkho ku France ndi mayiko ena 24 a EU, kotero amalonda aku China omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya Topway's DDP safunika kulembetsa okha ku French VAT.
Q: Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati katundu wanga wamkulu kwambiri wawonongeka panthawi yoyenda kuchokera ku China kupita ku France?
A: Ndi malamulo a DDP, wogulitsa ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wolipira kuwonongeka kwa katunduyo nthawi yonse yoyendera mpaka katunduyo ataperekedwa ku adilesi ya wogula. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zokwanira. katundu inshuwalansi zofunika kwambiri - makamaka kuphimba ndalama zonse zosinthira komwe mukupita kuphatikizapo katundu ndi misonkho. Pa katundu wotumizidwa ndi DDP, mtengo womwe uli ndi inshuwaransi uyenera kukhala mtengo wonse wofika pamalopo, osati mtengo wa fakitale. Topway Shipping imalangiza kuti ipereke inshuwaransi ku katundu wonse waukulu womwe ungakhudze kwambiri ntchito ndipo imayang'anira inshuwaransi ngati gawo la ntchito yake ya DDP kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto.
