Momwe Ogulitsa Zinthu ku Chile Angathanirane ndi Kukwera ndi Kulipira Ndalama za CNY Moyenera
Introduction
Kwa anthu ambiri ochokera ku Chile, "mtengo wa ku China" sulinso mtengo wa katundu wopangidwa ku China kokha. Mtengo weniweni wa malo otera umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimasinthasintha mofulumira, monga mtengo wosinthira wa CNY, ndalama zowonjezera zotumizira zomwe zimabwera ndikupita popanda chenjezo, kupezeka kwa zidebe, kuchulukana kwa madoko, ndi kusintha kwa njira zonyamulira katundu. Ngakhale kufunikira ku Chile kukakhalabe komweko, bilu yomaliza ikhoza kukwera chifukwa chakuti yuan ikukula kapena chifukwa chakuti makampani onyamula katundu amawonjezera ndalama zatsopano za nyengo yozizira ku msewu womwe mwakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri.
Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa dongosolo logulitsira zinthu ku Chile nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogulitsira komanso makalendala oletsa kugulitsa. Kusintha pang'ono kwa mtengo wa ndalama kungayambitse kupsinjika kwa margin, kukwezedwa kosowa, kapena kusalingana kwa zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo. Izi zimakhala zoona makamaka pamene zotsatira za FX zimachitika nthawi yomweyo ndi ndalama zosayembekezereka monga kusintha kwa GRI, kukwera kwa kusalingana kwa zida, komanso zodabwitsa zogwirira ntchito. Sikuti kungoganiza zomwe zidzachitike; muyeneranso kupanga dongosolo lomwe lingathe kuthana ndi zosayembekezereka.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zenizeni komanso zothandiza zomwe otumiza katundu ku Chile angachite kuti adziteteze ku kuwonjezeka kwa CNY ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuthana ndi ndalama zowonjezera mwa kupanga zisankho zochepa mphindi yomaliza komanso kukhala ndi ulamuliro wokwanira pa mtengo wolowera.
Chifukwa Chake Kusamuka kwa CNY Kukhudza Ogulitsa Zinthu ku Chile Movuta Kuposa Momwe Amayembekezera
Chinyengo cha mitengo: “Wopereka wanga akupereka mawu mu USD, kotero ndili wotetezeka”
Anthu ambiri ochokera ku Chile amaona kuti kulipira ogulitsa mu USD kudzawateteza ku chiopsezo cha CNY. Ndipotu, ndalama zambiri zomwe zimafunika kwa ogulitsa aku China zimakhala mu CNY, monga antchito, magetsi, magalimoto apakhomo, kulongedza katundu, ndi misonkho. CNY ikakula, ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amakweza ma bid awo a USD pakapita nthawi, kuchepetsa kuchotsera kwawo, kapena kuwonjezera ndalama zambiri monga kulongedza katundu, macheke a khalidwe, kapena ndalama za "zolemba". Ngakhale invoice ili mu USD, mphamvu ya CNY ingakhudze ndalama zomwe mumawononga kudzera mukukambirana komanso kulimbitsa pang'onopang'ono kwa mawu a bizinesi.
Chiwopsezocho sichifanana. Si ogulitsa onse omwe amasunga ndalama zokha CNY ikatsika. Koma CNY ikakula, ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amayankha mwachangu, makamaka m'magawo omwe ali ndi malire ang'onoang'ono.
FX layer ku Chile: mtengo wa malo nthawi zambiri umakhala vuto la ndalama zambiri
Ogulitsa kunja aku Chile nthawi zambiri amalipira ndalama zawo mu CLP, koma amalipira ogulitsa awo ndi ndalama zotumizira mu USD. Chuma cha ogulitsa awo chikugwirizana ndi CNY. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufalikira kwa mitundu yambiri:
- Mphamvu ya CNY ikhoza kuyika chikakamizo kwa ogulitsa, zomwe zingakweze mtengo wa katundu wopangidwa ndi USD.
- Katundu ndi ndalama zolipirira nthawi zambiri zimadalira dola ya ku America ndipo zitha kukwera zokha.
- Kusintha kwa USD/CLP kumawonjezera chiopsezo chachitatu pamtengo wanu womaliza wogulitsa kapena ndalama zomwe mumapeza, zomwe zimachokera ku CLP.
- Ngakhale kuti sitepe iliyonse ingawoneke ngati "yaing'ono" yokha, zotsatira zake zonse zingakhale zazikulu.
Kusagwirizana kwa nthawi: FX imayenda mwachangu kuposa nthawi yogulira
Zisankho zokhudza kugula zinthu nthawi zambiri zimatseka ndalama miyezi ingapo pasadakhale. Koma FX ingasinthe kwambiri m'masiku ochepa okha. Ngati muyika mitengo yanu yogulitsa, kugulitsa, kapena mapangano ogulitsa ambiri poganizira za ndalama zogulira, kusintha mwachangu kwa mitengo ya ogulitsa chifukwa cha CNY ndi kukwera kwa ndalama zolipirira zinthu kungachotse phindu lanu zinthuzo zisanachoke padoko.
Kumvetsetsa Malo Owonjezera a Zonyamula Zam'nyanja ndi M'mlengalenga
Chifukwa chiyani pali ndalama zowonjezera komanso chifukwa chake sizikudziwika
Ndalama zowonjezera cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza makampani onyamula katundu ndi zinthu zina kuti apeze ndalama zowonjezera kapena kuthana ndi mavuto ochepa. Vuto kwa otumiza katundu ndilakuti makampani osiyanasiyana onyamula katundu, njira zamalonda, ndi nthawi za chaka zitha kukhala ndi mayina ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana a ndalama zowonjezera. Ndalama zina zowonjezera zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika, monga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu. Zina mwa izo zimagwira ntchito ngati zowongolera mitengo, kusinthasintha pamene kufunikira kwasintha.
Ndalama zowonjezera pa katundu wopita ku Chile zingasinthenso kutengera njira. Kachitidwe ka kutumiza katundu kungafunike kusamalidwa kwambiri pa malo oimikapo katundu, kuopsa koti katunduyo apitirire, komanso kusintha nthawi yogwirira ntchito, zomwe makampani onyamula katundu “amawononga” kudzera mu zowonjezera.
Magulu owonjezera omwe amakhudza kutumiza kunja kwa dziko la Chile
Mndandanda weniweni umasintha malinga ndi kampani yonyamula katundu ndi mgwirizano, koma njira zogulira zinthu nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'magulu angapo ofanana.
| Gulu la zolipiritsa zowonjezera | Choyambitsa chachizolowezi | Momwe zimaonekera mu ma invoice | Zoti muwone |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak Season Surcharge (PSS) | Zofunikira za nyengo | Yowonjezeredwa pa chidebe chilichonse kapena pa CBM/tani iliyonse | Masiku oyambira ndi otsiriza, kusintha kwa njira |
| General Rate Increase (GRI) | Kukonzanso mitengo ya kampani yonyamula katundu | Kukweza mtengo woyambira kapena chinthu cha mzere wolekanitsidwa | Kaya zikugwira ntchito pa mitengo yogwirizana |
| Ndalama yowonjezera ya kuchulukana | Kuchedwa kwa doko/terminal | Pa chidebe chilichonse kapena kutumiza kulikonse | Ndi doko liti lomwe likutchulidwa (choyambira vs transshipment vs destination) |
| Kusalingana kwa zida / kusowa kwa ziwiya | Ndalama zosinthira mabokosi | Yowonjezeredwa pa chidebe chilichonse | Kawirikawiri mwadzidzidzi komanso motsatira njira |
| Ndalama zolipirira nyumba kapena mafuta | Kusintha kwamitengo yamafuta | BAF, FSC, kapena zina zofanana | Kuwonekera bwino kwa njira ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwunikanso |
| Zolemba / ndalama zoyendetsera | processing | Ndalama yokhazikika pa kutumiza kulikonse | Kubwereza pakati pa ndalama zotumizira ndi zonyamulira |
| Zolipiritsa kopita | Ntchito za terminal ndi zapafupi | THC, ndalama zolipirira kutumiza, ndi zina zotero. | Kugwirizana kwa Incoterms ndi kumveka bwino kwa "ndani amalipira chiyani" |
Ndalama zowonjezera sizimakhala “zoipa” nthawi zonse, koma zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri ngati sizinakonzedwe ndipo sizili ndi mapangano.
Maganizo Okhudza Ndalama Zomwe Zilipo: Pangani Ulamuliro Musanaufunikire
Tengani mtengo wa malo ngati njira yolamulidwa, osati kuwerengera pambuyo pake
Mitengo ikakwera, mabizinesi ambiri amafulumira kusintha njira zawo kapena kuyambitsa zokambirana zadzidzidzi. Zinthuzi zingathandize, koma njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi kupanga dongosolo la mtengo womwe umaganizira kusintha kwa mitengo, njira zosungiramo katundu, ndi ubale ndi ogulitsa.
Njira imodzi yabwino yoyambira ndiyo kuwerengera mtengo wofikira m'njira yoti iwonetse bwino zomwe mungakambirane komanso zomwe mungangoteteza.
| chigawo cha mtengo | Dalaivala wosinthasintha | Chowongolera chabwino kwambiri | Mwiniwake wa zisankho |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mtengo wakale wa chinthucho | Mphamvu ya CNY, mtengo wa ogulitsa | Malamulo a ogulitsa, njira ziwiri zopezera zinthu, magawo osinthira mitengo | Zogulitsa |
| Ndalama za ku China | Mafuta apakhomo, kusintha kwa mfundo | Mapangano okhazikika okhudza ntchito zapakhomo | Kugula / Kukonza Zinthu |
| Malo osungira katundu m'nyanja | Mphamvu, nyengo | Ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito, kugawa, kuphatikiza | mmene kukumana |
| Zowonjezera | Kuchulukana kwa anthu, mitengo ya kampani yonyamula katundu | Kumveka bwino kwa mgwirizano, malire, njira zina zoyendetsera ntchito | Kayendedwe ka katundu / Zachuma |
| Insurance | Mtengo wa katundu ndi chiopsezo chake | Kapangidwe ka nkhani | Finance |
| Ntchito & misonkho | Malamulo ndi magulu | Kulondola kwa ma code a HS, kukonzekera kutsatira malamulo | Compliance |
| Kusamalira kopita | Ndondomeko za malo osungira zinthu/zapafupi | Kulinganiza kwa Incoterms, kuwonekera bwino kwa wotumiza | mmene kukumana |
Mukhoza kusankha chida choyenera pamene mungathe kutchula dalaivala. Njira yothetsera vuto la CNY si yofanana ndi njira yothetsera vuto la vuto la doko.
Pangani "ndalama zogulira" ziwonekere pogwiritsa ntchito gulu la SKU
Simuyenera kusamalira zinthu zonse mofanana. Katundu wokhala ndi malire ambiri komanso wocheperako akhoza kuthana ndi kukwera kwa mitengo yotumizira kuposa katundu wocheperako komanso wolemera. Mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri zoteteza zanu pamalo omwe ndizofunikira kwambiri mwa kugawa ma SKU ndi kuchuluka kwa malire (malire pa mita imodzi ya kiyubiki) m'malo mowagawa mofanana.
Izi zimakuuzaninso nthawi yosinthira kuchoka ku LCL kupita ku FCL, nthawi yogula pang'onopang'ono, komanso nthawi yogula katundu pasadakhale.
Mapangano ndi Njira Zamalonda Zochepetsera Kudutsa kwa CNY
Yambitsani njira zogulira mitengo zomwe zimagawana chiopsezo cha FX m'malo mobisa
Ngati wogulitsa wanu sakufuna kukonza mitengo ya USD pomwe CNY ili yolimba, ganizirani njira yokonzedwa bwino yomwe ndi yotseguka komanso yovuta chinyengo. Mwachitsanzo, mungavomereze pa mtengo woyambira wokhala ndi band yosinthika yomveka bwino yomwe imachokera pawindo la FX benchmark. Lingaliro silopangitsa zinthu kukhala zovuta popanda chifukwa, koma kuletsa kukwera kwa mitengo komwe kumachitika popanda chifukwa chomveka kupatula "kukakamizidwa kwa ndalama."
Mukhozanso kufotokoza mtengo wa chinthucho ndi ndalama zowonjezera kuti ngati CNY ikhala yolimba, wogulitsa sangangowonjezera zowonjezera popanda kulankhula za icho.
Gwiritsani ntchito malamulo olipira kuti muwongolere nthawi yowonera anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi ngozi
Mumatseka mtengo wanu mwachangu ngati mutalipira kale ndalama zomwe mudayika kale. Nthawi zina zimenezo zingakhale zabwino kapena zoipa. Kugwirizanitsa nthawi zolipirira ndi nthawi zogwirira ntchito, monga kumaliza kuwunika, kutsimikizira kusungitsa, kapena kulowetsa chidebe kudzera pachipata, ndi njira yowongoleredwa bwino yochitira zinthu.
Kwa ogulitsa odziwa bwino ntchito, kuyang'ana nthawi yayitali yolipira kungathandize kuchepetsa vuto la ndalama zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa ndalama. Ngati ma levies ndi FX onse akukwera nthawi imodzi, ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kungathandize.
Ganizirani njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zosakanikirana pamene ikukweza mphamvu zopezera ndalama
Nthawi zina, kulipira gawo la bilu mu CNY kungapangitse mitengo kukhala yomveka bwino ndikuchepetsa chilimbikitso cha wogulitsa kuti "asunge" mitengo ya USD. Izi sizingatheke nthawi zonse, ndipo chuma chiyenera kukhala chokonzeka, koma kwa ogulitsa akuluakulu ochokera kunja, kungakhale koyenera kuyang'anitsitsa.
Kuti mukhale otetezeka, muyenera kuyesa ndi ogulitsa m'modzi ndi gulu limodzi la zinthu, kuyeza kusiyana kwake, kenako kusankha ngati kungakulitsidwe.
Kuteteza Zachuma: Zosankha Zothandiza Zomwe Sizikufuna Gulu Lalikulu la Chuma
Limbikitsani kukhudzidwa komwe muli nako, osati kukhudzidwa komwe mumafuna kukhala nako
Chinthu choipa kwambiri chomwe mungachite mukakonza FX ndikuteteza ndalama zolakwika kapena nthawi yolakwika. Kuwonetsa bwino kwanu kumakhala kosakanikirana ngati ma invoice anu ali mu USD koma mitengo yomwe ogulitsa anu amalipiritsa ili mu CNY. Kuti ndalama zanu ziyende bwino, mungafunike kuteteza USD/CLP panthawi imodzi ndikupanga machitidwe abizinesi omwe amaletsa mitengo kukwera chifukwa cha CNY.
Chitetezo cha zigawo ziwiri ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri kwa ogulitsa ambiri aku Chile omwe amabwera kuchokera kunja:
- Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosungira bajeti ndi mapangano kuti muchepetse CNY pass-through.
- Gwiritsani ntchito USD/CLP hedging (kapena achilengedwe hedges) kuti ndalama ziyende bwino komanso kuti zisankho zamitengo zipitirire.
Matrix yosavuta yosankha mphamvu yoteteza mpanda
| Mbiri yamabizinesi | Kachitidwe kamene kamawonekera nthawi zambiri | Njira yotetezera yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwirizana |
|---|---|---|
| Zotumiza zinthu zochepa kuchokera kunja, zosakhazikika | Kugula zinthu pa malo, kudziwikiratu kochepa | Kusunga bajeti, kukambirana ndi ogulitsa, kupewa kuwononga ndalama zambiri |
| Kutumiza zinthu kunja kwapakati komanso kosasinthasintha pamwezi | Kubwerezabwereza malipiro | Zipinda zotchingira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi maoda ogulira |
| Mapangano a nthawi yayitali ndi ogulitsa zinthu zakunja | Kuchuluka kwa voliyumu, kukhudzidwa kwambiri | Kuteteza koyendetsedwa ndi mfundo, magulu a zochitika, kuyanjananso nthawi ndi nthawi |
Kuteteza misika sikutanthauza “kugonjetsa msika.” Koma ndi kuchotsa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri zomwe zingawononge bungwe lanu.
Kukonzekera zochitika: sinthani kusakhazikika kukhala mtundu wosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito
Mukhoza kupanga chitsanzo chosavuta chomwe chimagwirizanitsa kusintha kwa mitengo ya ndalama ndi kukwera kwa ndalama zowonjezera ndi mtengo wofikira, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zida zapamwamba. Mutha kusintha chitsanzo ichi kuti chigwirizane ndi zosowa zanu.
| Chitsanzo | Kusintha kwa mtengo wa ogulitsa (koyendetsedwa ndi CNY) | Kusintha kwa malo osungira katundu | Kugwedezeka kwa ndalama zowonjezera | Zotsatira za mtengo wokwera (chitsanzo) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khola | + 0% | + 0% | + 0% | Baseline |
| Kupsinjika pang'ono | + 3% | + 5% | +150 USD/TEU | Kufinya malire koonekera |
| Kupsinjika kwakukulu | + 6% | + 12% | +350 USD/TEU | Mapulani okweza malonda ali pachiwopsezo |
| Zosakanikirana | + 4% | -3% | +100 USD/TEU | Kupanikizika kwa ogulitsa koma kuchepetsa katundu |
Ziwerengero si chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Chofunika ndikugwirizana mkati mwa gulu lanu pa zomwe mungachite pamlingo uliwonse kuti musamaganize mozama.
Njira Zoyendetsera Zinthu Zochepetsera Kuwonongeka kwa Ndalama Zowonjezera
Pangano lomveka bwino, osati lokha la mtengo wotsika wa mutu
Ngati ndalama zowonjezera sizinatchulidwe bwino kapena nthawi zambiri zimadutsa, mtengo wotsika ukhoza kukhala wonyenga. Mukamalankhula ndi otumiza katundu kapena onyamula katundu, onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana kwambiri pa:
- Ndi ndalama ziti zowonjezera zomwe zikuphatikizidwa ndi zomwe sizikuphatikizidwa.
- Ngati pali malire kapena njira zowunikiranso.
- Momwe nthawi zodziwitsira zimagwirira ntchito komanso mapepala omwe mukufuna.
- Ngati ndalama zowonjezera ndi pa chidebe chilichonse, pa bilu ya katundu, kapena pa chipangizo chilichonse cholipiritsa.
Ngati mapangano sakumveka bwino, anthu ambiri amakangana za mabilu m'malo mogwira ntchito kuti unyolo wogulitsa zinthu ugwire bwino ntchito.
Sankhani njira yotumizira mwanzeru: FCL, LCL, ndi "kuphatikiza koyenera"
Ngati kuchuluka kwa zinthu sikukudziwika bwino, ambiri mwa ogulitsa ochokera ku Chile amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito LCL. Zimenezi n'zomveka, koma LCL imatha kukulitsa ndalama zina zikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa CBM iliyonse, ndipo ikhozanso kuwonjezera kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi nthawi.
FCL ikhoza kuchepetsa mtengo wotumizira pa unit iliyonse ngati pali zambiri, koma zingawonjezerenso chiopsezo ngati kufunikira sikukudziwika bwino. Kuphatikiza komwe kwakonzedwa ndi njira yapakati: kuonetsetsa kuti katundu wa LCL ndi wogwira ntchito bwino komanso wodziwikiratu mwa kupanga nthawi yotumizira nthawi zonse.
Izi zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamene kugula ndi kukonza zinthu zikugwira ntchito limodzi kuti zikhazikitse nthawi yomveka bwino yoti muyike maoda, m'malo mogula zinthu pamene zilipo ndikuyembekeza kuti kutumiza zinthu kudzakhala kofanana.
Kapangidwe ka njira: chotchinga chobisika chomwe chili kumbuyo kwa kusakhazikika kwa ndalama zowonjezera
Kutumiza katundu ku Chile n'kofala kwambiri. Kusankha malo otumizira katundu kungathandize kwambiri pa ngozi ya kuchulukana kwa katundu, kudalirika kwa nthawi yotumizira katundu, komanso mtengo wa katundu wopitako.
Pamene CNY ikukwera ndipo ndalama zowonjezera zikukwera nthawi yomweyo, oitanitsa katundu angasankhe njira yotsika mtengo osaganizira momwe ingadaliri yodalirika. Ngati kuchedwa kukuyambitsa kutha kwa katundu, kulephera kwa mawindo ogulitsa, kapena kutumiza ndege mwadzidzidzi, zitha kukhala zodula kuposa mtengo wokwera wa katundu.
Kapangidwe ka njira yolumikizirana yolimba nthawi zambiri kamakhala ndi msewu waukulu ndi msewu wina wosiyana womwe umagwira ntchito, komanso zomwe akuyembekezera pa ntchito komanso kumvetsetsa bwino momwe ndalama zimasinthira zinthu zikasokonekera.
Kukonza ndi kukonza katundu: kosasangalatsa, koma kwamphamvu
Pamene ndalama zowonjezera zikukwera, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ma cubes kumakhala njira yolunjika yowonjezera margins. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya moyenera ndikutumiza kangapo mwa kusintha pang'ono kukula kwa makatoni, mapangidwe omwe ali pa ma pallets, kapena miyezo yolongedza. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zazikulu zogwiritsidwa ntchito, katundu wapakhomo, ndi ma SKU okhala ndi margins otsika.
Ngakhale kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa magwiridwe antchito a cube kungathandize kuchepetsa gawo la mafunde owonjezera, ndipo mutha kusunga phindu ili ngakhale msika utakhala bata.
Lumikizani Incoterms ndi Kulamulira: Pewani Kulipira Chisokonezo
Msampha wa Incoterms: "CIF imapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta"
CIF ingawoneke ngati yosavuta chifukwa wogulitsayo "amayang'anira kutumiza," koma nthawi zambiri imapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamveke bwino. Ngati wogulitsayo akuyang'anira kutumiza katundu, mutha kupeza mitengo yokonzedwa yomwe sikuwonetsani katundu woyambira, ndalama zowonjezera, ndi misonkho yopita. Zimenezo zingayambitse mavuto ndi ndalama zowonjezera mukafika kumeneko.
Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi ulamuliro wowonjezereka pa zolipiritsa zowonjezera monga wotumiza kunja, zingakhale zothandiza kusinthana ndi mawu omwe amakupatsani mwayi wowongolera kwambiri kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. Komabe, kampani yanu iyenera kukhala yokonzeka kutenga udindo umenewo.
Pangani lamulo lolamulira la Incoterms potengera mtundu wa malonda
M'malo mokhala ndi gulu limodzi la Incoterms pa chilichonse, ganizirani zokhala ndi mawu osiyanasiyana a magulu osiyanasiyana. Kulamulira kwambiri kungafunike pazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mtengo wapatali komanso zosamala nthawi. Ngati pali kutseguka, zinthu zomwe zili ndi mtengo wotsika komanso zoopsa zochepa zingakhale bwino malinga ndi mawu osavuta.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuchepetsa kusasinthasintha kosayembekezereka, komwe magulu amasankha Incoterms potengera chizolowezi m'malo mwa nzeru zanzeru.
Kulamulira Ntchito: Zizolowezi Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kusinthasintha Kusapweteka Kwambiri
Fupikitsani nthawi yowerengera mtengo m'buku
Ngati mtengo wa katundu uli wabwino kwa kanthawi kochepa, kuchedwa kupeza zilolezo kungapangitse kuti mtengowo uthe ndipo ulowe m'malo mwake ndi woipa kwambiri, makamaka panthawi yotanganidwa. Njira yofupikitsa yopezera chilolezo chamkati ingakhale yothandiza mosayembekezereka.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti simuyenera kuchita zowongolera. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malangizo oyendetsera zinthu ndi magawo omwe avomerezedwa kale kuti gulu lizitha kuyenda mwachangu popanda kutaya ulamuliro.
Pangani buku losewerera ndalama zowonjezera
Buku lamasewera ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe aliyense amavomereza kuchita akapeza ndalama zowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo:
- Ngati ndalama zowonjezera za nyengo yoipa zalengezedwa, onetsetsani kuti mwatseka malo ndikukhazikitsa malo atsopano mwachangu momwe mungathere.
- Ngati ndalama zowonjezera za kuchuluka kwa magalimoto zikukwera pamalo ena otumizira katundu, sinthani kupita ku msewu wina womwe wayang'aniridwa kale.
- Ngati muwona ndalama zowonjezera zosakwanira pa zipangizo, sinthani mawindo osungitsa kapena mitundu ya zipangizo momwe mungathere.
- Buku lamasewera limaletsa mantha ndipo limaletsa anthu kupanga zisankho zoipa zomwe zimawononga ndalama zambiri.
Sinthani kutsimikizira ma invoice popanda kusandutsa nkhondo
Ngati simukusamalira bwino nkhani zowonjezera ndalama, zingawononge ubale wanu. Kukhazikitsa ziyembekezo zomveka bwino pasadakhale ndi njira yabwino yokwaniritsira zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, zikalata zofunika, momwe mungayambitsire mkangano, komanso momwe uyenera kuthetsedwera mwachangu.
Mukhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito komanso kusunga mgwirizano wolimba pankhani yokhudza kayendetsedwe ka zinthu mwa kuona kutsimikizira ma invoice ngati chinthu chachizolowezi chochita bizinesi m'malo mongoimbidwa mlandu.
Chitsanzo Chowonadi cha Mtengo Wogwera: Kuwona Zotsatira Zophatikizana
Nayi chitsanzo chomwe chikuwonetsa momwe mayendedwe ocheperako angapangidwire wina ndi mnzake. Ziwerengero zasinthidwa kuti ziwonetse komwe zikupita komanso kukula kwake, osati kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa wonyamula aliyense.
| katunduyo | Chiyambi (USD) | Kupsinjika pang'ono (USD) | Sinthani dalaivala |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mtengo wazogulitsa | 50,000 | 51,500 | Kusintha kwa ogulitsa komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi CNY |
| Malipiro oyambira | 1,200 | 1,250 | Kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito za m'deralo |
| Malo osungira katundu m'nyanja | 3,800 | 4,400 | Kulimbitsa mphamvu |
| Zowonjezera | 600 | 1,050 | PSS + zowonjezera zodzaza |
| Insurance | 150 | 155 | Kukwera kwa mtengo wa katundu |
| Kusamalira kopita | 900 | 980 | Kuwonjezeka kwa m'deralo |
| Chiwerengero (musanapereke msonkho/msonkho) | 56,650 | 59,335 | Zotsatira zophatikizika |
Kusiyanitsa kumeneku ndiko kusiyana pakati pa kotala yabwino ndi kotala yoyipa kwa mabizinesi ambiri. Mkangano ndi wakuti kulamulira kuyenera kukhala koposa chinthu chimodzi chokha: bizinesi, ndalama, ndi ntchito.
Kupanga Njira Yolimba Kwambiri M'masiku Opitilira 90
Masabata 1-4: Khazikitsani mawonekedwe ndi maziko
Yambani mwa kupanga mapu a momwe mitengo yasinthira pakapita nthawi. Dziwani ogulitsa omwe ali ndi mwayi wopereka CNY mwachangu komanso misewu yomwe ingakhale ndi ndalama zowonjezera zosayembekezereka.
Nthawi yomweyo, onetsetsani kuti aliyense akulemba mtengo wogwera m'malo mwake mofanana. Simungathe kuwona bwino momwe zinthu zilili ngati magulu agwiritsa ntchito ma tempuleti osiyanasiyana.
Masabata 5-8: Kukambirana momveka bwino ndi njira zina zopangira
Gwiritsani ntchito deta yanu yoyambira kuti musinthe magawo omwe akupitirirabe kuvutika. Izi zitha kutanthauza mawu omveka bwino a ndalama zowonjezera, nthawi yogwirizanitsa zotumiza, kapena kusintha kwa Incoterms kwa ogulitsa ofunikira.
Pangani dongosolo limodzi losungirako zinthu zosungiramo katundu ndikuyesa ndi kutumiza pang'ono kuti musayesere panthawi yamavuto.
Masabata 9-12: Kulowa mu ndondomeko ndi ulamuliro
Lembani buku lanu lophunzitsira, zofunikira kuti muvomerezedwe, ndi miyezo yowunikira ma invoice. Onetsetsani kuti ndalama, kugula, ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zonse zikugwirizana pa momwe mungathanirane ndi kusakhazikika kwa zinthu pophunzitsa gululo.
Kulimba mtima ndi kukambirana zinthu zambiri. Zinthu zikasintha, ndi khalidwe limene mungachite mobwerezabwereza lomwe limakupangitsani kukhala olimba.
Momwe Kutumiza Zinthu ku Topway Kungathandizire Ogulitsa Zinthu ku Chile Kuchepetsa Kusakhazikika
N'kosavuta kuthana ndi kukwera kwa mitengo ya CNY ndi ndalama zowonjezera mukamagwira ntchito ndi mnzanu wothandizana naye amene amaika kuchepetsa ndalama patsogolo. Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira mauthenga kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010.
Anthu omwe adayambitsa Topway Shipping ali ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso yochotsera katundu wakunja, ndipo akuyang'ana kwambiri ku US ndi China. Timapereka ntchito zonse zotumizira katundu, kuyambira kutumiza katundu woyamba mpaka kumayiko ena. kuwuza kuchotsera katundu wa pa kasitomu mpaka kufika pa katundu womaliza. Timaperekanso ntchito zosinthira zonyamula katundu wa panyanja wodzaza ndi chidebe (FCL) ndi wocheperapo kuposa chidebe (LCL) kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi.
Kwa ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja ku Chile, kuthekera kotereku kungathandize kuti mitengo yofika ikhazikike bwino mwa kupangitsa kukonzekera katundu kukhala kosavuta, kulola kusankha njira zosinthasintha, ndikukonzekera momwe zinthu zikuyendera m'njira yochepetsera kugwedezeka kwa ntchito komwe nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti ndalama zowonjezera zikhale zovuta.
Kutsiliza
Kukwera kwa mitengo ya CNY ndi ndalama zowonjezera zotumizira si mavuto a nthawi yochepa chabe. Ndi gawo la momwe malonda amakono amagwirira ntchito, makamaka kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja omwe amapeza katundu wawo kuchokera ku China. Mabizinesi aku Chile amatha kusunga phindu lawo, kupanga zisankho zamitengo kukhala zokhazikika, komanso kuchepetsa nkhawa yogwira ntchito ngati atenga mavutowa ngati zinthu zomwe angathe kuzisamalira. Njira yabwino yochitira izi ndi m'magawo: mawu amalonda omwe amachepetsa CNY pass-through, chilango cha zachuma chomwe chimaletsa FX shocks kuti isasinthe kukhala mavuto azachuma, komanso magwiridwe antchito a logistics omwe amachepetsa chiopsezo cha ndalama zowonjezera kudzera mu mgwirizano wanzeru, routing, ndi kuphatikiza.
Kusakhazikika kwa zinthu kudzapitirira. Ogula zinthu ochokera kunja omwe amapanga njira zomwe zimakhala bata pamene msika ukusintha ali ndi mphamvu.
Ibibazo
Q: Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati kukwera kwa mtengo kwa wogulitsa kukuyendetsedwadi ndi kukwera kwa CNY?
A: Funsani kufotokozera kokonzedwa bwino komwe kumaphatikizapo ndalama zolowera ndi nthawi, kenako yerekezerani ndi momwe mitengo yasinthira kale. Ngati woperekayo sangathe kufotokoza chifukwa chake kukwerako kuli kwakukulu kuposa kusuntha kwa CNY komwe kumatanthauza, musavomereze kukwera kosalekeza. M'malo mwake, pezani njira yosinthira mtengo mkati mwa mtundu wokhazikika.
Q: Kodi ndalama zowonjezera zingakambidwe, kapena nthawi zonse zimadutsa?
Yankho: Zina zimadutsa, koma kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuwonekera bwino nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera kukambirana. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ndi kukhazikika kwa msewu, mutha kukambirana matanthauzidwe omveka bwino, zofunikira pa zolemba, nthawi zodziwitsira, komanso ngakhale malire kapena kapangidwe kolumikizidwa.
Q: Kodi kusinthana kwa Incoterms kokwanira kuthetsa ndalama zoyendera mwadzidzidzi?
A: Zimathandiza, koma pokhapokha ngati kampani yanu ingathe kugwira ntchito yowonjezera yokhudza kayendetsedwe ka katundu. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti Incoterms yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ikugwirizana ndi mulingo womwe mukufuna komanso kuthekera kwanu koyang'anira ndalama.
Q: Kodi njira yoyamba yosavuta yochepetsera kugwedezeka kwa ndalama zowonjezera ndi iti?
Yankho: Yambani mwa kuyang'ana miyezi 6 mpaka 12 yapitayi yotumiza katundu kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe mumalipira. Mutha kukambirananso za malamulo ndikupeza njira zatsopano zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino ngati mukudziwa ndalama zomwe zikupezeka komanso komwe zikupezeka.
Q: Kodi ndiyenera kuteteza CNY mwachindunji ngati ndilipira wogulitsa wanga mu USD?
A: Ogulitsa kunja nthawi zambiri amaika USD/CLP yoteteza ku zinthu zomwe sizili bwino pamsika chifukwa zimakhudza mwachindunji kayendedwe ka ndalama ndi mitengo ku Chile. Makampani ambiri amalimbana ndi chiopsezo cha CNY kudzera m'mabungwe amalonda ndi zokambirana za ogulitsa m'malo moteteza CNY mwachindunji. Izi zili choncho chifukwa CNY ikhoza kukhudzabe mwanjira ina kudzera momwe ogulitsa amakhazikitsira mitengo.
Q: Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji pakati pa FCL ndi LCL pamene ndalama sizikuyenda bwino?
Yankho: Onani zambiri osati kuchuluka kwa katundu woyambira. Onaninso momwe ndalama zowonjezera zimagwirira ntchito pa CBM iliyonse ndi pa chidebe chilichonse, komanso kudalirika ndi chiopsezo chogwirira ntchito. Kwa ogulitsa ambiri ochokera kunja, kuphatikiza njira kungachepetse kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa LCL popanda kukupangitsani kudzipereka ku FCL zomwe ndi zazikulu kwambiri.
Q: Kodi mnzanu wothandizana ndi zinthu angachepetse bwanji kusinthasintha kwa zinthu?
A: Bwenzi labwino limapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukonzekera pasadakhale, limakuthandizani kuti muzitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu mwachangu, limakupatsirani njira zomveka bwino zowerengera ndalama, limathandizira njira zophatikizira ndi kutumizira zinthu, komanso limaonetsetsa kuti mapepala anu onse ndi ofanana kuti kutsimikizira invoice kukhale kofulumira komanso kosavuta.
