Momwe Piraeus Anakhalira Doko Lachisanu Lalikulu Kwambiri la Zidebe ku Europe M'zaka Zosakwana 15
Introduction
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, Doko la Piraeus linali doko lapakati pa Mediterranean, lomwe linali pa nambala 93 pakati pa madoko apadziko lonse lapansi onyamula ziwiya, ndipo makampani akuluakulu onyamula ziwiya padziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri sankalinyalanyaza. Limagwira ntchito ndi ma TEU pafupifupi 5 miliyoni pachaka tsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale limodzi mwa madoko asanu akuluakulu onyamula ziwiya mu European Union. Chimodzi mwa nkhani zodabwitsa kwambiri zopambana pa zomangamanga m'mbiri yamakono yapamadzi ndi kusintha komwe kunachitika pazaka pafupifupi 15.
Kampani ya COSCO Shipping Corporation yaku China ndiyo inapangitsa izi kuchitika. Inayamba kuyendetsa malo awiri oyendetsera makontena a Piraeus mu 2009-2010, inagula malo ambiri mu Piraeus Port Authority (PPA) mu 2016, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2021, inali ndi 67% ya PPA. Pambuyo pake, panali ndalama zambiri mu zomangamanga, kusintha magwiridwe antchito, ndi kusintha kwa njira zomwe zinapangitsa Piraeus kukhala chipata chofunikira kwambiri kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean komanso gawo lofunika kwambiri la Belt and Road Initiative yaku China (BRI).
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe izi zinachitikira, kuphatikizapo zisankho za ndalama, zochitika zomwe zachitika pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, zinthu zandale, ndi zomwe kukwera kwa Piraeus kumatanthauza kwa ogulitsa katundu, makampani oyendetsa katundu, komanso tsogolo la malo osungiramo makontena ku Europe.
Kumene Piraeus Anayambira: Maziko a Pre-COSCO
Chisanafike chaka cha 2010, Piraeus inali kutsika pang'onopang'ono. Doko silinali kuchita bwino monga momwe likanakhalira chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma ku Greece, zomangamanga zakale za doko, komanso kusowa kwa njira yoyenera. Piraeus inali pamalo olumikizirana a ku Europe, Asia, ndi Africa, yokhala ndi njira zachilengedwe zolowera m'madzi akuya komanso pafupi ndi njira ya Suez Canal. Inali ndi mwayi uliwonse wopezeka m'malo mwake, koma inalibe ndalama kapena masomphenya oyendetsera kuti iwagwiritse ntchito.
Cha m'ma 2010, chiwerengero cha ma TEU omwe adadutsa pa doko chinali pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni. Dokoli linali pa nambala 93 padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa silinkanyamula katundu wambiri ndipo silinali ndi maulumikizidwe ambiri apakati. Ma cranes ake anali akale ndipo panali mavuto ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito omwe adapangitsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito akhale ovuta. Katundu wambiri yemwe makampani akuluakulu otumiza katundu kuchokera ku Asia kupita ku Europe adadutsa m'malo akumpoto kwa Europe monga Rotterdam, Antwerp, ndi Hamburg. Sanayime konse ku Mediterranean kuti akaimbire mafoni akuluakulu.
Pambuyo pa vuto la zachuma la 2008, boma la Greece linali pamavuto azachuma ambiri ndipo linkafunafuna njira zopezera ndalama ndikuyika ndalama zakunja mu zomangamanga zake. Kugulitsa Piraeus kukanakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira imeneyi, ndipo zikanasintha momwe makontena amasamutsidwira ku Europe m'njira zomwe anthu ochepa ankayembekezera.
Ndalama za COSCO: Kubetcha Kwanzeru pa Dziko la Mediterranean
Piraeus Container Terminal SA, kampani yothandizidwa ndi COSCO Shipping, inali ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2010. (PCT) idapambana ma bid awiri apadziko lonse lapansi kuti iyendetse Terminals II ndi III ku Piraeus. Iyi inali sitepe yoyamba pakutenga kwathunthu ntchito za doko. COSCO idayamba mwachangu kukonza ma quay omwe analipo, ndikuyika ma cranes amakono ochokera ku sitima kupita kugombe, ndikumanga Pier III. Izi zidawonjezera mphamvu komanso liwiro logwirira ntchito nthawi imodzi.
Chochitika chofunika kwambiri chinali kugula gawo la 51% mu Piraeus Port Authority mu 2016. COSCO idagula bungwe lonse la madoko, osati malo oimikapo makontena okha, pamtengo wa ma euro pafupifupi 368.5 miliyoni. Udindo wa COSCO wokhala ndi kampaniyi udakula kufika pa 67% pofika chaka cha 2021, itatha kukwaniritsa zomwe idayenera kuyika, zomwe zidakwana ma euro opitilira 600 miliyoni.
Kuganiza bwino kunali koonekeratu. China inali kugwira ntchito pa Belt and Road Initiative yake, ndipo Piraeus inali ndi njira yofulumira kwambiri yolumikizirana ndi nyanja kuchokera ku mafakitale aku China kupita kwa makasitomala aku Europe. Zimatengera masiku anayi nthawi yochepa komanso mafuta ochepa kuti katundu anyamulidwe kuchokera ku madoko aku China kupita ku Piraeus kuposa momwe zimatengera kuti akafike ku Rotterdam kapena Hamburg. Piraeus anakhala "mutu wa chinjoka" wa mapulani a China okonza kayendedwe kake ku Europe.
| wosaiwalika | chaka | tsatanetsatane |
| COSCO yapambana chilolezo choyamba cha terminal | 2009-2010 | Kuyang'anira kwa Terminals II ndi III kumayamba |
| Ntchito yomanga Doko lachitatu yatha | 2013 | Kuwonjezera mphamvu zambiri |
| COSCO yapeza 51% ya PPA | 2016 | Ulamuliro wonse wa doko |
| Kuchuluka kwa chidebecho kumafika pa 3.7M TEU | 2018 | Kukula kwakukulu kuchokera pa 1.5M mu 2010 |
| Gawo la COSCO lakwera kufika pa 67% | 2021 | Pambuyo pokwaniritsa maudindo a ndalama |
| Piraeus yafika pa 6.2M TEU capacity | 2022 | Udindo wapadziko lonse lapansi wakwera kufika pa 40 apamwamba |
| Piraeus amafika pachimake pa ~5.1M TEU throughput | 2023 | Ali pa nambala 4 mu EU |
| Ma PPA apeza ndalama zokwana €230.9 miliyoni | 2024 | Ngakhale kuti mavuto a Nyanja Yofiira akhudza kwambiri |
Kusintha kwa Zomangamanga: Zomwe €600 Miliyoni Anamanga
Kukula kwa ndalama zomwe COSCO imagwiritsa ntchito ku Piraeus n'kovuta kuyerekeza. Kuyambira kukhazikitsa ma crane mpaka makina ogwiritsira ntchito digito mpaka ma quay atsopano, dokoli linamangidwanso kuyambira mkati mpaka kunja kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi theka. Masiku ano, Piraeus ili ndi malo atatu osungiramo makontena okhala ndi mphamvu zokwana ma TEU 7.5 miliyoni pachaka - kuwonjezeka kasanu kuchokera ku COSCO isanayambe.
Doko loyamba, lomwe limayang'aniridwa mwachindunji ndi Piraeus Port Authority, limayendetsa pafupifupi ma TEU 1.0–1.3 miliyoni pachaka. Ma Piers II ndi III, omwe amayendetsedwa ndi PCT motsogozedwa ndi COSCO, pamodzi ali ndi ma TEU 5.7 miliyoni. Pakadali pano dokoli lili ndi malo ambiri otsetsereka m'madzi akuya omwe amatha kusunga zombo za pambuyo pa Panamax ndi zazikulu kwambiri (ULCVs) zopitilira ma TEU 16,000, ndi kutalika konse kwa doko pafupifupi mamita 1,150 pamalo otsetsereka okha a zombo.
Kupatula makontena, Piraeus yasanduka malo osungiramo zinthu osiyanasiyana. Malo osungiramo katundu amatha kusunga magalimoto 12,000 nthawi imodzi. Malo osungiramo katundu amanyamula matani okwana 25 miliyoni pachaka. Dokoli linakhalanso malo akuluakulu osungiramo katundu ku Europe - dzina losonyeza kufunika kwake ngati khomo lolowera kuzilumba za ku Greece - ndipo lili ndi malo ambiri osungiramo katundu. Ma cranes opita kugombe, magalimoto oyendetsedwa okha (AGVs), ndi njira yoyendetsera makontena ya CATOS zonse zikuyimira ndalama zomwe zinayika Piraeus mogwirizana ndi malo apamwamba aku Northern Europe.
| Gulu la Zomangamanga | COSCO isanayambe (~2009) | Kuchuluka Kwake Pakali pano (2024) |
| Kupitilira kwa Container | ~1.5M TEU/chaka | ~4.8–5.1M TEU/chaka |
| Mphamvu Yogwiritsira Ntchito Chidebe | ~1.5M TEU | 7.5–8.3M TEU |
| Udindo wa Madoko Padziko Lonse | 93rd | Top 40 padziko lonse lapansi |
| Udindo wa Madoko a Zidebe za EU | Kunja kwa 10 apamwamba | Chachinayi (2024) |
| Kutha kwa Malo Osungira Magalimoto | Zochepa | Magalimoto a 12,000 |
| Cargo Terminal | Zochepa | Matani 25M pachaka |
| Ndalama Zonse za COSCO | - | ~€600 miliyoni |
Kukula kwa Kuchuluka kwa Magwiridwe: Manambala Amafotokoza Nkhani
Kuchuluka kwa ma doko ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira momwe doko likuyendera bwino pamalonda, ndipo kukula kwa Piraeus ndi kodabwitsa poyerekeza ndi metric iliyonse. Malinga ndi deta ya PortEconomics, kuchuluka kwa ma doko kudakwera kuchoka pa ma TEU opitilira 1.5 miliyoni mu 2010 kufika pa ma TEU opitilira 3.7 miliyoni mu 2018 kenako kudapitilira kufika pa ma TEU opitilira 6.2 miliyoni mu 2022, kuwonjezeka kwa 284.7% kuyambira 2007.
Mu 2023, Piraeus inagwira ntchito ndi ma TEU pafupifupi 5.1 miliyoni, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ikhale doko lachinayi lotanganidwa kwambiri mu EU, lomwe lili pamalo ake apamwamba kwambiri, patsogolo pa Valencia komanso kumbuyo kwa Hamburg. Kukula kwa 2% mu 2022-2023 kunali kodabwitsa chifukwa kunachitika pamene madoko atatu apamwamba ku Europe (Rotterdam, Antwerp-Bruges, ndi Hamburg) onse adawona kuchepa kwa 7%. Izi zikusonyeza momwe Piraeus ilili yopikisana, makamaka pankhani ya bizinesi yotumiza katundu.
Chiyembekezo cha 2024 n'chovuta kwambiri. Piraeus adawona kuchepa kwa 8% kwa kuchuluka kwa TEU, makamaka chifukwa cha vuto la Red Sea, lomwe lidachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ku Suez Canal ndikupanga Eastern Mediterranean kukhala chomwe katswiri wina adatcha "malo otsetsereka a panyanja." Pamene makampani otumiza katundu adasintha njira zawo kuzungulira Cape of Good Hope, kuchuluka kwa sitima zoyendera ku Piraeus kudatsika. Valencia idakwera kufika pa nambala 4 pamlingo wa EU, ndikukankhira Piraeus pansi kufika pa nambala 5. Mndandanda wa PortEconomics umangoganizira za Piers II ndi III zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi COSCO, chifukwa chake mkhalidwe wonsewo umakhala wovuta kwambiri. Mukaphatikiza mu terminal ya PPA ya makontena, kuchuluka kwa Piraeus kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kwa Algeciras, komwe ndi mdani wake wapafupi kwambiri pamlingo.
Ngakhale panali mavuto ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, PPA inali ndi zotsatira zosweka kwambiri zachuma mu 2024. Ndalama zonse za kampaniyo zidakwera ndi 5% kuyambira 2023 kufika pa ma euro 230.9 miliyoni. Ndalama zomwe kampaniyo idapeza isanapereke msonkho zidakwera ndi 17.4% kufika pa ma euro 112.9 miliyoni. Phindu pambuyo pa misonkho lidakwera ndi 30.8% kufika pa ma euro 87.4 miliyoni. Kwa chaka chachinayi motsatizana, ndalama za kampaniyo zidakwera. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha mabizinesi ambiri ochokera ku malo oimika magalimoto (okwera ndi 28.2%), zombo zoyendera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi zochitika zapamadzi.
Piraeus ngati Malo Ogulitsira Zinthu: Chipata, Osati Malo Ongopitako
Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe anthu nthawi zambiri amachiphonya akamayang'ana Piraeus kuchokera kunja ndichakuti si njira yolowera/kutumiza katundu, komanso malo otumizira katundu. Makontena ambiri omwe amadutsa mu Piers II ndi III za COSCO amatumizidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amabwera pa zombo zazikulu zazikulu kuchokera ku Asia kenako amatumizidwa ku zombo zazing'ono zomwe zimapita ku madoko a Black Sea, madoko a Adriatic, misika ya Eastern Europe, ndi madoko a North Africa.
COSCO idakopeka koyamba ndi Piraeus chifukwa cha njira yotumizira sitimayi. Imalola zombo zazikulu kuyima kamodzi kokha ku Mediterranean, ku Piraeus, m'malo mwa zingapo, zomwe zimasunga mafuta ndi nthawi paulendo. Ma network a feeder amasamutsa katundu mwachangu kupita kumisika yachiwiri. Piraeus ndiye doko lalikulu la madera monga Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine (nkhondo isanayambe), Egypt, Israel, ndi madera ena onse a Levant.
Maulalo a sitima zapamtunda zambiri apangitsanso kuti doko lizilumikizana mosavuta ndi misika yamkati mwa Europe. Njira yonyamulira katundu ya ku Balkans komanso kulumikizana ndi Central Europe zimapangitsa Piraeus kukhala mpikisano osati kokha ngati malo osinthira katundu ku Mediterranean komanso ngati njira ina yolowera kwa ogula aku Southeastern ndi Central Europe. Izi ndi zovuta mwachindunji ku ulamuliro wa madoko aku Northern Europe omwe kale ankanyamula katundu.
Miyeso ya Geopolitical: BRI, NATO, ndi Washington's Concerns
Piraeus sali mumkhalidwe wandale. Kusintha kwa doko ndi kampani ya boma yaku China m'dziko lomwe lili membala wa NATO kwabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa akuluakulu akumadzulo, makamaka ku Washington. Nkhawa yayikulu ndi yosavuta: COSCO ndi kampani ya boma yaku China, kotero Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha ku China chili ndi ulamuliro pa izi. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti ogwirizana ndi NATO akhale pachiwopsezo pankhani yopeza nzeru, kulephera kupeza zinthu, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zandale.
United States inaika COSCO pamndandanda wake wakuda mu 2025 chifukwa cha nkhawa za chitetezo cha dziko. Izi zinapangitsa kuti ubale wa US-Greece ndi US-China ukhale wovuta kwambiri nthawi imodzi. Greece yakhala ikusamala kwambiri ndi zokambirana zake, ikugwiritsa ntchito ubale wake ndi China kuti ibweretse ntchito ndi ndalama pamene ikukwaniritsa malonjezo ake kwa mamembala a NATO ndi EU. Boma la Greece likadali ndi 7.1% ya PPA, ndipo ndalama zomwe zili mu PPA ndi 25%. PPA yakhala ikugulitsidwa pa Athens Stock Exchange kuyambira 2003.
Mbali ya ndale za dziko si kungomveka phokoso lakumbuyo kwa mabizinesi. Zimapangitsa kuti kulowa m'madoko kusakhale kotsimikizika, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zilango, komanso zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha nthawi yayitali chisakhale chotsimikizika. Kuloledwa kwa COSCO kumatenga nthawi mpaka 2052, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ikhoza kugwira ntchito kwa zaka 30. Komabe, kusintha kwa ubale pakati pa US ndi China kungasinthe mbiri ya ndale ya doko m'njira zomwe zimakhudza momwe otumiza katundu ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana amayendera.
Kodi Piraeus Imatanthauza Chiyani kwa Otumiza ku China kupita ku Europe?
Piraeus yakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku misika ya ku Ulaya, makamaka ku Southeastern Europe, Balkans, ndi Eastern Mediterranean. Poyerekeza ndi madoko akumpoto kwa Europe, mwayi wotumizira katundu ukhoza kukhala masiku anayi kapena asanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtengo wotsika wonyamula katundu, nthawi yobwezeretsa katundu mwachangu, komanso unyolo wogulitsa katundu umakhala wogwirizana kwambiri.
Makampani ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana akhazikitsanso malo ogawa katundu pafupi ndi doko chifukwa n'zosavuta kufikako ku malo okulirapo amalonda apaintaneti komanso malo ogulitsa zinthu ku Greece ndi madera ozungulira. COSCO itayika ndalama, HP idatsegula malo ogawa katundu ku Greece. Mu 2013, Huawei idalengeza zolinga zofanana zomwe sizinachitike mpaka 2024. Izi zidapangitsa Piraeus kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la maunyolo apadziko lonse lapansi a akatswiri aukadaulo, zomwe zidalimbitsa kufunika kwa dokoli.
Piraeus si njira yokhayo yopezera makampani okonza zinthu omwe amagwira ntchito pakati pa China ndi Europe. Yakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera mitundu ina ya katundu, makamaka katundu wopangidwa nthawi, zida zamagetsi, zida zamagalimoto, ndi katundu wogulitsa wopita kumisika ya Kum'mwera ndi Kum'mawa kwa Europe.
Kuwunikira: Kuyenda mu China-Europe Logistics pogwiritsa ntchito Topway Shipping
"Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka njira zoyendetsera zinthu kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010. Pamene madoko ngati Piraeus akusintha momwe katundu amayendera pakati pa Asia ndi Europe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse kukhala ndi mnzanu wodziwa zambiri pankhani yoyendetsa zinthu."
Kubwera kwa Piraeus ngati chipata chachikulu cholowera ku Mediterranean kwapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta komanso zovuta kwa ogulitsa kunja ku China. Zosankha zamaulendo zomwe zinkapita kumadoko akumpoto kwa Europe tsopano zikufunika kuwona mwatsatanetsatane nthawi yoyendera, kulumikizana kwa feeder, momwe kuchotsera kwa misonkho kumachitikira mwachangu, komanso mwayi wotumizira katundu womaliza m'misika yambiri yomwe mukufuna.
Anthu omwe adayambitsa Topway Shipping ali ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsera katundu wa katundu wakunja, ndipo akuyang'ana kwambiri China ndipo US Transportation ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zawo, komanso amatumikira madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, monga Piraeus ndi zipata zina zofunika ku Europe. Amatha kusamalira zinthu zonse kuyambira gawo loyamba la kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku mafakitale aku China kupita ku malo osungira katundu akunja, kuchotsa katundu wa katundu wakunja, komanso kutumiza katundu wakutali. Kwa otumiza katundu omwe akuyang'ana njira ya Piraeus, mtundu uwu wa ntchito yolumikizidwa, yomwe imaphimba unyolo wonse kuyambira pachipata cha fakitale ku Shenzhen kapena Guangzhou mpaka pashelefu ya nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Athens kapena Belgrade, ndi zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi wa doko kukhala mwayi weniweni wamalonda.
Topway Shipping ilinso ndi ntchito zonyamula katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe (FCL) komanso zochepa kuposa chidebe (LCL). Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogulitsa akuluakulu komanso ogulitsa ang'onoang'ono a pa intaneti amatha kupeza mapangano abwino pa kutumiza katundu. Popeza njira ya Mediterranean imatenga bizinesi yambiri kuchokera ku China-Europe corridor, kugwirizana ndi ogwira nawo ntchito zonyamula katundu omwe amadziwa momwe doko limagwirira ntchito komanso momwe kasitomu imagwirira ntchito m'derali kungakupatseni mwayi wopambana kuposa omwe akupikisana nawo.
Malo Opikisana: Kumene Piraeus Ali Masiku Ano
Mu 2024, Rotterdam ndi Antwerp-Bruges anali akadali pamwamba pa doko la zotengera ku Europe. Malire pakati pawo anali ochepera 300,000 TEUs, omwe anali ochepa kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Hamburg inali yotsatira, kutsatiridwa ndi Valencia ndi Piraeus, omwe ankasinthana malo kutengera momwe kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kunawerengedwera. Algeciras tsopano ili pafupi mokwanira ndi Piraeus kuti ifike kumeneko, makamaka popeza Tanger Med (yomwe inkanyamula 10.24 miliyoni TEUs mu 2024, kuwonjezeka kwa 18.8% kuchokera chaka chatha) ikusintha kayendedwe ka katundu ku Western Mediterranean.
Mpikisano wapakati wa Piraeus umadalira kwambiri zinthu ziwiri: momwe vuto la Nyanja Yofiira limathetsedwera komanso momwe bizinesi pa njira ya Suez Canal imabwezeretsedwera, komanso ndalama zomwe COSCO ikugwiritsa ntchito pokulitsa mphamvu ndi kukulitsa kulumikizana. Dokoli likufuna kukhala lalikulu kwambiri ku Europe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukula kwa TEU kuyenera kukhala kowirikiza kawiri kwa zaka zingapo. Pakadali pano, cholinga chimenecho chikadali maloto chabe, koma nsanja ya zomangamanga ya COSCO imapangitsa kuti ikhale cholinga chenicheni cha nthawi yayitali m'malo mongokhala chikhumbo chabe.
| Doko la Chidebe la EU | Voliyumu ya TEU ya 2024 (pafupifupi) | Kusintha kwa Chaka ndi Chaka | Udindo (2024) |
| Rotterdam | ~14.8M TEU | + 4.1% | 1st |
| Antwerp-Bruges | ~14.5M TEU | + 8.1% | 2nd |
| Hamburg | ~8.3M TEU | + 4.5% | 3rd |
| Valencia | ~5.8M TEU | + Manambala amodzi apamwamba | 4th |
| Piraeus (Piers II & III) | ~4.8M TEU | -7.8% | 5th |
| Algeciras | ~4.7M TEU | ~Lathyathyathya | 6th |
| Gioia Tauro | ~4.0M TEU | + Manambala awiri | 7th |
Chitsime: PortEconomics.eu, 2025. Dziwani: Ziwerengero za Piraeus zikuwonetsa Piers II ndi III yoyendetsedwa ndi COSCO yokha; kuchuluka kwa madoko onse kuphatikiza PPA terminal ndi okwera.
Njira Yotsogola: Mapulani Okulitsa ndi Zofunika Kwambiri pa Ndondomeko
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ku Piraeus Port Authority kunatsika mu 2024, zolinga zawo zogulira ndalama zikadali zazikulu. Dokoli likupita patsogolo ndi njira zokulitsa malo ake oimikapo magalimoto, kukonza maulalo ake a sitima zapamtunda, ndikukulitsa ntchito zake zoyendera ndi zoyendera zamagalimoto ngati njira zatsopano zopezera ndalama. COSCO yanena poyera kuti ikufuna kupanga Piraeus kukhala doko lalikulu kwambiri la zotengera ku Europe. Kuti ichite izi, iyenera kupambana Hamburg kenako Benelux heavyweights.
Kusintha kwa digito kukukulirakulira. Machitidwe ammudzi a doko, njira zolembera zolemba pogwiritsa ntchito blockchain, ndi kuyang'anira makontena omwe amagwira ntchito ndi Internet of Things (IoT) zonse zili pamndandanda wazinthu zoyenera kugwira ntchito. Kusintha kumeneku ndikofunikira osati kokha kuti ntchito ziziyenda bwino, komanso kuti doko likhale lokopa kwambiri kwa mizere yotumizira padziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikuyang'ana kuyimba kwa madoko pa intaneti yayikulu ya Asia-Europe.
Palinso mbali yokhudza chilengedwe yomwe ikukhala yofunika kwambiri. Madoko aku Europe akukakamizidwa kwambiri kuti asamawononge zachilengedwe mwa kukhazikitsa magetsi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo osungiramo ma LNG, mapulojekiti oyendetsa hydrogen, ndi njira zoyendera zombo zosungira zachilengedwe. Mphamvu ya Piraeus yokopa mbadwo wotsatira wa zombo zotulutsa mpweya wochepa kwambiri idzathandiza kuti ikhale yopikisana pamene makampani apanyanja asintha m'zaka za m'ma 2030.
Kutsiliza
Piraeus anasintha kuchoka pa kukhala doko la 93 labwino kwambiri la Mediterranean kupita ku lachisanu lalikulu kwambiri la zotengera ku Europe m'zaka zosakwana 15. Izi zikusonyeza momwe ndalama, dongosolo lomveka bwino, ndi malo abwino zingagwirire ntchito limodzi kuti zisinthe kayendedwe ka malonda padziko lonse lapansi. Nkhani ya COSCO yokhudza ndalama zokwana ma euro 600 miliyoni inali kubetcha pa malo a Mediterranean. Kubetcha kumeneku kwapindulitsa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kusamvana kwa ndale za dziko ndi momwe zinthu zilili pa Nyanja Yofiira kwapangitsa kuti zinthu zisayende bwino.
Kwa otumiza katundu, chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti Piraeus tsopano ndi njira yeniyeni, yothandizidwa bwino, komanso yokhoza kutumiza katundu pakati pa Asia ndi Southern/Eastern Europe. Pali ndalama zambiri zosungiramo katundu kwa masiku anayi mpaka asanu poyerekeza ndi madoko ena kumpoto kwa Europe. Netiweki yotumizira katundu ku doko imakhudza Eastern Mediterranean ndi Black Sea yonse. Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa katundu mu 2024 kudachitika makamaka chifukwa cha zinthu zakunja, monga kusokonekera kwa Nyanja Yofiira, osati chifukwa chakuti doko linali lofooka. Pamene njira ya Suez Canal ikubwerera mwakale, kuchepa kwina kwa katunduyu kungabwerere m'mbuyo.
Mphamvu ya Piraeus yopikisana ndi Rotterdam ndi Antwerp pa malo apamwamba pa mndandanda wa madoko aku Europe idzadalira kupitiliza kwa ndalama, kukhazikika kwa ndale, komanso momwe dokoli lingasinthire kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ake kukhala maulumikizidwe amphamvu amitundu yosiyanasiyana. N'zoonekeratu kuti dokoli lasintha kwamuyaya pakati pa mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka zotengera ku Europe. Kusinthaku kudzakhudza njira yogulira zinthu kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Ibibazo
Q: N’chifukwa chiyani COSCO inasankha Piraeus kuposa madoko ena a ku Mediterranean?
A: Piraeus inali njira yachangu kwambiri yopezera makasitomala ochokera ku madoko aku East Asia kudzera mu Suez Canal. Inachepetsa nthawi yoyendera ndi masiku pafupifupi anayi mpaka asanu poyerekeza ndi madoko aku Northern Europe. Mapulani a COSCO okhudza kayendedwe ka katundu ku Europe pansi pa Belt and Road Initiative adathandizidwa bwino ndi doko lachilengedwe la Greece lomwe lili m'madzi akuya, kusowa kwake chitukuko (zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pali malo oti akule), komanso kukonzekera kwake kuyika zinthu zachinsinsi pa nthawi ya mavuto azachuma.
Q: Kodi Piraeus akadali pa nambala 5 ku Europe mu 2025?
A: Malinga ndi deta ya PortEconomics ya 2024, Piraeus ndi doko lachisanu lotanganidwa kwambiri mu EU chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'madoko ake oyendetsedwa ndi COSCO. Ngati muwerenga kuchuluka kwa madoko onse, kuphatikizapo malo ofikira a PPA, kuchuluka kwa malo ogwirira ntchito kungakhale kwakukulu. Vuto la Red Sea lapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchepa kwa kanthawi kochepa kwa 7.8% mu 2024, pomwe kusintha kwa nthawi yayitali kwa dokoli kukukulirakulirabe.
Q: Kodi vuto la Nyanja Yofiira limakhudza bwanji njira zotumizira katundu kudzera ku Piraeus?
A: Chifukwa cha vuto la Nyanja Yofiira, makampani angapo otumiza katundu anasintha njira zawo kuti ayende kuzungulira Cape of Good Hope ku Africa m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito Suez Canal. Izi zinapangitsa kuti sitima zazikulu za ku Asia-Europe zichepe ku Piraeus kuti zisamutse katundu, ndichifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa katundu kunachepa mu 2024. Kubwezeretsa njira ya Suez Canal kunathandiza nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka kwa katundu wodutsa mu Piraeus.
Q: Kodi COSCO ili ndi gawo lotani mu Piraeus Port Authority?
A: COSCO Shipping ili ndi 67% ya Piraeus Port Authority SA (PPA), yomwe idagulidwa pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira ndi 51% mu 2016 ndipo idakula kufika pa 67% pofika chaka cha 2021 itatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa ndalama. Boma la Greece lili ndi 7.1% ya kampaniyo, ndipo 25% imagulitsidwa pa Athens Stock Exchange.
Q: Kodi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati angathe kupeza njira ya Piraeus yotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe?
A: Inde. Ntchito zophatikiza LCL ndi zotumiza katundu monga Topway Shipping zimapangitsa kuti katundu wotumizidwa ku Piraeus apezeke kuti achepetse katundu, ngakhale kuti otumiza katundu akuluakulu a FCL amatha kupita molunjika ku doko. Ntchito za LCL zimaphatikiza katundu wochepa wochokera kwa ogulitsa aku China kuti alowe m'makontena onse. Izi zimagawa ndalama moyenera ndipo zimapatsa makampani amitundu yonse mwayi wopeza zabwino za Piraeus m'malo ndi nthawi.
