Momwe Sitima ya Yiwu-Madrid Ikusinthira Malonda a China-Spain
Introduction
Sitima yonyamula katundu inachoka ku Yiwu West Railway Station ku Zhejiang Province, China, pa Novembala 18, 2014. Inali itanyamula makontena 82 ang'onoang'ono okwana sitima kupita ku Madrid, Spain. Anthu ochepa akanaganiza kuti ulendo wochepawu udzakhala umodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zoyendetsera zinthu m'zaka za m'ma 21. Sitima ya Yiwu-Madrid, yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti Yixin'ou (YXE), yayenda maulendo opitilira 1,800 obwerera ndi kubwerera, yanyamula makontena 145,500 a katundu, ndipo yabweretsa katundu woposa $8 biliyoni panjira yokha.
Ili pamtunda wa makilomita 13,052 kudutsa m'maiko asanu ndi atatu — China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, France, ndi Spain — iyi ndi sitima yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yonyamula katundu. Si njira yongoyendera yokha. Ndi chida chamoyo cha zokambirana zamalonda, kusiyanasiyana kwa unyolo wopereka katundu, komanso kuphatikiza zachuma pakati pa chuma chachiwiri chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi komanso chimodzi mwa misika yothamanga kwambiri ku Europe. Kumvetsetsa momwe imagwirira ntchito, zomwe imanyamula, komanso tanthauzo lake kwa mabizinesi ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa aliyense amene akuchita malonda odutsa malire.
Njira Mwachidule: Malo ndi Ntchito
Sitimayi imachoka ku Yiwu, mzinda womwe uli m'chigawo cha Zhejiang komwe kuli msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse wa zinthu zazing'ono. Pambuyo pake, imapita kumpoto chakumadzulo kudzera pamalire a Alataw Pass ku Xinjiang ndikulowa mu Kazakhstan. Kuchokera pamenepo, imadutsa ku Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, ndi France isanalowe ku Spain ndikufika ku malo osungiramo zinthu za sitima ya Abronigal ku Madrid. Ulendowu ndi wautali makilomita oposa 13,000 ndipo umatenga masiku pafupifupi 16 mpaka 18, kutengera nthawi ya chaka ndi njira zoyendetsera malire. Iyi ndi pafupifupi theka la nthawi yomwe imatenga kutumiza katundu ku Ningbo, kenako ku Valencia panyanja, ndipo pomaliza pake ku Madrid ndi msewu kapena njanji, zomwe zimatenga masiku 35 mpaka 40.
Limodzi mwa mavuto okhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka mzerewu ndi kusintha kwa gauge. China, Poland, ndi Western Europe amagwiritsa ntchito standard gauge (1,435 mm), pomwe Kazakhstan, Russia, ndi Belarus amagwiritsa ntchito Russian broad gauge (1,520 mm), ndipo Spain m'mbuyomu amagwiritsa ntchito Iberian gauge yokulirapo (1,668 mm), ngakhale kuti zomangamanga zothamanga kwambiri komanso zonyamula katundu zakhala zikuyendetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti podutsa malire ofunikira, makontena ayenera kusunthidwa kupita ku mabogi osiyanasiyana. Njirayi yakhala yosavuta kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri, koma imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa njira zoyendera za single gauge.
Ntchito za sitima zimayendetsedwa makamaka ndi Yiwu Tianmeng Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. ndipo zimagwirizana ndi China Railway Shanghai Group. Pofika mu 2024, YXE imayenda maulendo opitilira 1,100 pachaka pamisewu yake yonse, kuchokera pa 23 yokha mu 2014. Mzere wa sitima wa Madrid tsopano umayenda kangapo pa sabata, ndipo kuchokera ku netiweki yonse ya katundu ya Yiwu pakati pa China ndi Europe, mizere 18 ya nthambi imalumikizana ndi mizinda yoposa 160 m'maiko ndi madera 50 ku Eurasia.
Ziwerengero Za Njira Zofunikira
| chizindikiro | tsatanetsatane |
| Kutalikirana Kwathunthu | 13,052 km (njira yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse ya sitima yonyamula katundu) |
| Mayiko Odutsa | China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, France, Spain |
| Nthawi Yoyenda | 16-18 masiku (vs. 35-40 masiku panyanja) |
| Maulendo Apachaka (2024) | 1,100+ (network ya Yiwu-Europe); maulendo 1,800 obwerera ndi kubwerera ku Yiwu-Madrid kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa |
| Makontena Onyamulidwa (onse) | Ma TEU opitilira 670,000 ochokera ku Yiwu (njira zonse); Ma TEU opitilira 145,500 omwe ali panjira ya Madrid |
| Mtengo Wonse wa Katundu (njira ya Madrid) | Kupitilira $8 biliyoni USD kuyambira 2014 |
| Kuchuluka kwa Chaka ndi Chaka Poyambitsa (2014) | Sitima 23 pachaka |
| Mizinda Yolumikizidwa (network ya YXE) | Mizinda yoposa 160 m'maiko opitilira 50 |
Zomwe Zili M'sitima: Mbiri Yosintha ya Katundu
Pamene sitima yoyamba ya Yiwu-Madrid inanyamuka mu 2014, inali ndi zinthu zazing'ono zotsika mtengo monga masokosi, zoseweretsa, zokongoletsera za Khirisimasi, nsalu, ndi zinthu zapakhomo zapulasitiki. Izi ndi zinthu wamba zomwe zinapangitsa Yiwu kutchuka. Imeneyi ikadali mbali ya kusakanikirana, koma mbiri ya katundu yakhala ikusinthidwa kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi. Pofika mu 2024, chiwerengero cha mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zikanatha kutumizidwa chinali chitakula kuchoka pa 10,000 kufika pa 50,000, ndipo mtengo wa katundu wotumizidwa chaka chilichonse unakwera kuchoka pa $92 miliyoni kufika pa $2.62 biliyoni.
Masiku ano, sitima zochokera ku Yiwu kupita kumadzulo zimanyamula zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga zida zamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi zapakhomo, mapanelo a dzuwa, magalimoto amagetsi, makina ndi zida, ndi mipando yambiri ndi zipangizo zomangira. Izi si zinthu zotsika mtengo zomwe anthu amaganiza; ndi zotsatira za kupanga kwapamwamba kwa China, komwe kumapikisana paubwino ndi mtengo m'misika yaku Europe. Sitima yomwe imapita kummawa kuchokera ku Madrid yakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yoti katundu wapamwamba waku Spain ndi ku Europe alowe mumsika wapakati wa ogula ku China.
Kugawa Katundu Motsatira Malangizo
| malangizo | Magulu Ofunika Kwambiri | Zodziwika Bwino |
| Kulowera Kumadzulo (China → Spain/Europe) | Zamagetsi & zida zamagalimoto | Zipangizo zanzeru, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, mapanelo a dzuwa |
| Kulowera Kumadzulo (China → Spain/Europe) | Katundu wa ogula | Nsalu, zoseweretsa, mipando, zokongoletsa Khirisimasi |
| Kulowera Kumadzulo (China → Spain/Europe) | Katundu wa mafakitale | Makina, zida, zipangizo zomangira |
| Kupita Kum'mawa (Spain/Europe → China) | Chakudya & Zakumwa | Mabotolo a vinyo wofiira okwana 1.5 miliyoni pachaka; mafuta a azitona, ham ya ku Iberia |
| Kupita Kum'mawa (Spain/Europe → China) | Kusamalira thupi ndi zodzoladzola | Chisamaliro cha khungu, zonunkhira, zinthu zosamalira thanzi |
| Kupita Kum'mawa (Spain/Europe → China) | Katundu wapadera | Madzi amchere, mabisiketi, zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, ziwiya za kukhitchini |
Kusintha kwa kusakaniza katundu ndikofunikira chifukwa kukuwonetsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka ubale wamalonda pakati pa mayiko awiriwa. Zinthu zomwe Spain imatumiza ku China zasintha kwambiri. Wogulitsa ku Yiwu International Trade Market yemwe wakhala akubweretsa vinyo ndi mafuta a azitona ku Spain kwa zaka zambiri anati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zaku Spain zomwe zikupezeka ku Yiwu yakula kwambiri ndipo mitengo yatsika ndi zoposa 30% poyerekeza ndi katundu wapanyanja mitengo isanafike nthawi ya sitima. Ndondomeko yotumizira katundu mwachangu komanso modziwikiratu imatanthauzanso kuti zakudya zatsopano komanso ndalama zogulira zinthu mwachangu kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja mbali zonse ziwiri.
Zotsatira Zamalonda: Ndi Manambala
Deta yamalonda ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yomvetsetsera kusintha kwachuma komwe kulumikizana kwa sitima ya Yiwu-Madrid kwabweretsa. Pamene ntchitoyo inayamba mu 2014, Yiwu ndi Spain ankagulitsa katundu ndi ntchito zokwana $400 miliyoni chaka chilichonse. Pofika mu 2022, chiwerengero chimenecho chinakula kufika pa $870 miliyoni - kuwonjezeka kwa 118% m'zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zokha. Panthawi yomweyi, malonda a China ndi Spain onse adakula kwambiri, ndipo kulumikizana kwa sitimayo kunali chizindikiro cha kukula kumeneko komanso njira yoti izi zitheke.
Mu magawo atatu oyamba a chaka cha 2024, katundu yense wochokera ku Yiwu anafika pa 58.79 biliyoni ya yuan (pafupifupi $8.05 biliyoni), kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 20.3%, malinga ndi deta ya General Administration of Customs. Sitima zonyamula katundu pakati pa China ndi Europe zinayenda maulendo opitilira 19,000 mu 2024, zomwe zinasuntha ma TEU opitilira 1.9 miliyoni. Netiweki ya Yiwu inawonjezera ma TEU opitilira 98,000 m'miyezi isanu ndi itatu yoyamba ya 2023 yokha, zomwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 12.5% kuchokera nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.
Kukula kwa Malonda: Yiwu-Spain
| chaka | Mtengo Wamalonda Wapadziko Lonse | Maulendo a Sitima Apachaka (Yiwu-Europe) | Mtengo wa Katundu (Yiwu–Europe Network) |
| 2014 | $ Miliyoni 400 | 23 | $ Miliyoni 92 |
| 2018 | ~$600 miliyoni (yoyerekeza) | ~400+ | ~$800 miliyoni (yoyerekeza) |
| 2022 | $ Miliyoni 870 | 1,000 + | ~$1.8 biliyoni (yoyerekeza) |
| 2024 | Kukula (zambiri za kasitomu) | 1,100 + | $ Biliyoni 2.62 |
Sitimayi yasinthanso momwe bizinesi imachitikira ku China, osati kuchuluka kwa malonda okha. Tsopano pali masitolo aku China opitilira 18,000 ku Spain, ndipo zogulitsa zawo zoposa 60% zimachokera ku Yiwu. Kuphatikizana kwakukulu kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti sitimayi sikungoyendetsa katundu kokha - ikusunga chilengedwe chonse cha mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati omwe amadalira kudalirika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama. katundu wa njanji kuti asunge unyolo wawo wopezera zinthu.
Sitima vs. Nyanja vs. Mpweya: Kumvetsetsa Zosintha
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe otumiza katundu ayenera kuganizira akamasankha njira ya Yiwu-Madrid ndi momwe imagwirizanirana ndi njira zina zonyamulira katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Yankho lake ndi lovuta ndipo limadalira kwambiri mtundu wa katundu, momwe amafunikira kutumizidwa mwachangu, komanso mtengo wake.
Kutumiza katundu panyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino yotumizira zinthu, makamaka chifukwa zimadula mtengo pa unit imodzi ndipo zimatha kunyamula katundu wambiri. Zimatenga masiku 25 mpaka 35 kuti chidebe chichoke ku Ningbo kapena Shanghai kupita ku Valencia, kutengera momwe madoko alili otanganidwa komanso nthawi yanji ya chaka. Zonyamula ndege Sitima imatha kunyamula katundu m'masiku 5 mpaka 7, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri imadula kuwirikiza kanayi mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi kuposa sitima. Sitima ndi njira yabwino chifukwa imatenga pafupifupi theka la nthawi yonyamula katundu panyanja, imadula mtengo wochepa kwambiri kuposa katundu wa pandege, ndipo sichedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa kapena kuchulukana kwa madoko, zomwe zakhala zikuyambitsa mavuto panjira zapamadzi m'mbuyomu.
Kuyerekeza kwa Njira: China-Spain Freight
| mafashoni | Nthawi Yoyenda | Mtengo Wachibale | kudalirika | Mpweya Wokonzedwa | Zabwino Kwambiri |
| Sitima yapamtunda (Yiwu–Madrid) | Masiku 16-18 | sing'anga | Zapamwamba (zokhazikika) | Wapakatikati | Katundu wapakati, wosawonongeka womwe umayang'aniridwa ndi nthawi |
| Maulendo Anyanja | Masiku 30-40 | Low | Pakati (chiopsezo cha nyengo/doko) | Low | Katundu wochuluka, wolemera, komanso wotsika mtengo |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 5-7 | Kwambiri Kwambiri | Kwambiri Kwambiri | Kwambiri Kwambiri | Zamtengo wapatali, zotumiza mwachangu |
Njanji ndi yabwinonso pa chilengedwe m'njira zina. Nduna ya Zaulimi, Usodzi ndi Chakudya ku Spain, Luis Planas, adazindikira mu kuyankhulana kwa 2024 kuti zomangamanga za sitima za Belt and Road Initiative ndi 'ntchito yabwino kwambiri poganizira za kayendedwe ka zinthu' ndipo adaziyamikira kuti ndi zotetezeka ku chilengedwe kuposa mayendedwe apanyanja ndi amlengalenga pankhani ya mpweya woipa pa tani imodzi ya kilomita. Pamene zofunikira za ESG zikuchulukirachulukira m'maunyolo onse ogulitsa ku Europe, khalidweli lidzakhala lofunika kwambiri kwa ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa kunja omwe amatsatira malamulo.
Geopolitics ndi Kulimba Mtima kwa Njirayi
Palibe njira yaikulu yamalonda yomwe ilibe ndale, ndipo njira ya Yiwu-Madrid si yosiyana. Kuyambira pamene nkhondo ya Russia-Ukraine inakula mu 2022, nkhawa zabuka zokhudza kuthekera kwa msewu wa njanji wakumpoto womwe umadutsa m'dziko la Russia ndi Belarus. Makampani angapo onyamula katundu omwe amagwira ntchito pakati pa China ndi Europe adayang'ana njira zina, monga Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), yomwe imadziwika kuti Middle Corridor. Njirayi imadutsa ku Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, ndi Turkey m'malo mwa Russia.
Koma njira ya Yiwu-Madrid yawonetsa mphamvu zambiri. Akatswiri oyendetsa ntchito ndi zoyendera za anthu awonetsa kuti njira ya kumpoto kudzera ku Russia ndi Belarus ikugwirabe ntchito, ndipo mavuto omwe akuchitika ku Middle Corridor - kuphatikizapo zopinga za sitima za Caspian Sea, maulendo angapo oyendera sitima, ndi zomangamanga za sitima zomwe sizinakule bwino m'magawo ena - zikutanthauza kuti sizinasinthe njira ya kumpoto yomwe idakhazikitsidwa. Komabe, kusiyanasiyana kwa sitima ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndipo 2025 idzakhala chaka chachikulu cha ubale wa China-Europe. Idzakhala chikumbutso cha zaka 50 cha ubale wa EU-China komanso chikumbutso cha zaka 20 cha mgwirizano wapakati pa China-Spain.
Yao Jing, kazembe wa China ku Spain, wagogomezera kufunika kwa "kutsimikiza kwanzeru" kwa mabizinesi ndi mabungwe m'maiko onse awiri. Kwa otumiza katundu, dongosolo laubwenzili limatanthauza kuti akhoza kuyembekezera kuti sitima ya Yiwu-Madrid iziyenda pafupipafupi, kukhala yodalirika, komanso kunyamula katundu wambiri pamene maboma onse awiri akugwira ntchito yokonza mgwirizano wa zachuma.
Zovuta ndi Mwayi Patsogolo
Ngakhale kuti njira ya Yiwu-Madrid yakula kwambiri, ikadali ndi mavuto akuluakulu ogwirira ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri ndi njira yosinthira ma gauge podutsa malire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulendo uliwonse utenge nthawi yayitali komanso kukhala wovuta kukonzekera. Ngakhale izi zakonzedwa pang'onopang'ono, zikadali choletsa cha njira yomwe imadutsa njira zitatu zosiyana zoyezera njanji.
Kusiyana kwina ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwiya zosungidwa mufiriji. Spain ndi imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi omwe amatumiza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zatsopano kunja, koma pakadali pano sitimayi ilibe ziwiya zokwanira zosungidwa mufiriji kuti zitumikire msika waukuluwu. Luso limeneli lingapangitse kuti magalimoto apite kummawa apeze ndalama ndikukonza vuto limodzi lofala kwambiri la ntchitoyi.
M'mbuyomu, chiwerengero cha maulendo obwerera kumadzulo chakhala chocheperapo kuposa chiwerengero cha maulendo opita kummawa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti otumiza katundu ku Ulaya akhala akuchedwa kugwiritsa ntchito msika wa China kuposa ogulitsa kunja aku China. Kupeza mabizinesi ambiri aku Spain ndi ku Europe, monga opanga, opanga chakudya, ndi makampani ogulitsa zinthu zapamwamba, kuti adziwe kuti sitimayi ndi njira yabwino yotumizira katundu ku China ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yokulira. Akatswiri amakampani ndi anthu omwe amaonera BRI anena kuti kuthekera kwakukulu komwe sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito ndikudzaza sitima zopita kummawa ndi katundu wambiri waku Europe. Izi zingapangitse malonda pakati pa mayiko awiriwa kukhala olinganizika bwino.
Momwe Kutumiza ku Topway Kungathandizire Kukonza Kwanu ku China-Europe
Kukhala ndi mnzanu wothandizana naye pankhani yokhudza zinthu zomwe zikuchitika pakati pa China ndi Spain komanso China ndi Europe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi asinthe kwambiri. Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping — yomwe ili ndi likulu lake ku Shenzhen, China — yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogulitsa zinthu kudzera m'mabanki osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zozama komanso zodalirika pa gawo lililonse la unyolo wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Gulu loyambitsa Topway lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo weniweni pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu ndi misonkho yapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pakati pa China ndi US mayendedwe omwe akukula kukhala chitsanzo chautumiki wathunthu padziko lonse lapansi. Bungweli limatha kusamalira magawo onse a unyolo wa katundu, kuyambira mayendedwe oyamba apakhomo mpaka malo osungiramo katundu akunja mpaka kuchotsera msonkho wa msonkho mpaka kutumiza katundu wapafupi. Topway imaperekanso ntchito zosinthira zonyamula katundu wathunthu (FCL) ndi katundu wocheperako (LCL) kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi kwa mabizinesi omwe amatumiza kunja kapena kuchokera ku Europe.
Pamene msewu wa Yiwu-Madrid ukukhala wofunika kwambiri ndipo mabizinesi ambiri akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera sitima, zapamadzi, kapena zoyendera zambiri kuti asamutse zinthu pakati pa China ndi Spain, kumakhala kofunikira kwambiri kukhala ndi mnzanu woyendetsa katundu yemwe amadziwa zambiri za misonkho ndipo amatha kuwona chilichonse kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Topway Shipping yagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana oyendetsera mayendedwe ndi misonkho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mlatho wolimba kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wamalonda womwe njira yapaderayi yonyamula katundu ikupitilirabe kutsegula.
Kodi Izi Zikutanthauza Chiyani kwa Mabizinesi Amalonda Apaintaneti Odutsa Malire?
Kukula kwa katundu wa sitima pakati pa China ndi Europe kwakhudza kwambiri malonda apaintaneti. Kwa ogulitsa aku China omwe amatumiza katundu kumisika yaku Europe ndi mabizinesi aku Spain omwe akuyesera kufikira makasitomala aku China, sitimayi imapereka chinthu chomwe katundu wapanyanja sapereka nthawi zonse: kudziwikiratu. Ndi nthawi zokhazikika zonyamuka, katundu wotsatira, komanso nthawi zoyendera zodziwikiratu za masiku 16 mpaka 18, makampani ogulitsa pa intaneti amatha kuyang'anira bwino katundu wawo kuposa katundu wapanyanja, komwe kuchedwa kwa masiku asanu mpaka 10 kumachitika kawirikawiri.
Kukula kwa njira ya Yiwu-Madrid kwathandizanso kuti pakhale njira zosungira katundu kunja kwa dziko. Pamene ogulitsa ambiri aku China ogulitsa zinthu za pa intaneti akumawonjezera katundu wawo pafupi ndi makasitomala aku Europe, kumakhala kosangalatsa kwambiri kubwezeretsanso malo osungiramo katundu ndi sitima m'malo mwa ndege. Popeza ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa ndege komanso yachangu kuposa nyanja, zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino zomwe zimathandiza makampani ogulitsa zinthu za pa intaneti omwe amagulitsa pamasamba monga Amazon Europe, AliExpress ya Alibaba, ndi msika wa digito wa El Corte Inglés ku Spain.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, opanga zakudya zaluso ku Spain ndi ku Europe, malo ogulitsa vinyo, ndi makampani ogulitsa zinthu zapamwamba tsopano ali ndi njira yosavuta yolowera pamsika wamalonda apaintaneti ku China, makamaka m'malo monga Tmall Global ndi JD International, komwe kufunikira kwa katundu weniweni ku Europe kukukulirakulirabe. Pankhaniyi, sitima ya Yiwu-Madrid si njira yongoyendera katundu. Ndi zomangamanga za m'badwo wonse wamalonda a digito a mbali ziwiri.
Kutsiliza
Sitima yonyamula katundu ya Yiwu-Madrid yapita patsogolo kwambiri kuyambira pomwe idamangidwa koyamba ngati gawo la Belt and Road Initiative. Yakhala sitima yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yonyamula katundu m'zaka zoposa khumi. Yawonetsedwanso kuti ndi njira yabwino yothandizira malonda ndipo yapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu momwe China ndi Spain zimapezera, kugulitsa, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito katundu wa wina ndi mnzake. Ziwerengerozi ndi zodabwitsa: maulendo 1,800 obwerera, makontena 145,500, ndi katundu wofunika ndalama zoposa $8 biliyoni panjira ya Madrid yokha. Koma zimangofotokoza gawo la nkhaniyi.
Kusintha kwakukulu ndi kapangidwe kake: mabizinesi mbali zonse ziwiri za Eurasia asintha momwe amagwirira ntchito zoyendera chifukwa cha msewu uwu. Vinyo wa ku Spain ndi mafuta a azitona tsopano ndi atsopano komanso otsika mtengo kwa makasitomala aku China kuposa kale. Zimatenga theka la nthawi kuti mapanelo a dzuwa aku China ndi zida zanzeru zifike ku Madrid ndi katundu wa pandege komanso ndi katundu wapanyanja. Kusakanikirana kwa katundu kumasintha nthawi zonse, kusonyeza momwe ubwino wofananira wa dziko lililonse umasinthira.
Sitima ya Yiwu-Madrid si njira yodziwika bwino kapena yoyesera makampani omwe amalonda pakati pa China ndi Europe. Ndi njira yokhwima, yokulirapo, komanso yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yoyendetsera zinthu. Kudziwa zomwe ingachite ndi zomwe singachite, komanso njira yake yamtsogolo, komanso kugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri oyendetsera zinthu omwe amadziwa momwe angachitire ndi izi ndi mwayi wampikisano womwe udzakula pokhapokha malonda pakati pa China ndi Europe akukula.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti sitima yonyamula katundu ya Yiwu-Madrid ithe ulendo umodzi?
A: Nthawi yoyendera kuchokera ku Yiwu kupita ku Madrid pakadali pano ndi masiku 16 mpaka 18. Kutengera katundu wa panyanja, zimatenga masiku 35 mpaka 40.
Q: Ndi mitundu yanji ya katundu yomwe ingatumizidwe pa sitima ya Yiwu-Madrid?
A: Zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimatumizidwa, monga zamagetsi, zida zamagalimoto, mapanelo a dzuwa, katundu wogula, mipando, ndi zida zamafakitale kupita kumadzulo; ndi vinyo wa ku Spain, mafuta a azitona, nyama ya ku Iberia, zodzoladzola, ndi zakudya zomwe zikupita kummawa.
Q: Kodi katundu wa sitima ndi wotsika mtengo kuposa katundu wa pandege wochokera ku China kupita ku Spain?
A: Inde, zambiri. Katundu wa sitima nthawi zambiri amakhala wotsika mtengo kuposa katundu wa pandege, koma zimatenga nthawi yokwana theka la nthawi yonyamula katundu wapanyanja. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho choyenera cha katundu yemwe amafunika kufika kumeneko mwachangu koma osafunika kwambiri.
Q: Kodi mkangano wa Russia-Ukraine wakhudza ntchito ya sitima ya Yiwu-Madrid?
A: Kuyambira mu 2022, njira imeneyi, yomwe imadutsa ku Russia ndi Belarus, yakhala ikuwunikidwanso, koma ikadali yotseguka. Monga njira yosungiramo zinthu zina komanso yosinthira, njira ina yodutsa ku Middle Corridor (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, ndi Turkey) ikugwiridwa ntchito.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping ingathandize bwanji ndi katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku Europe?
A: Topway Shipping imapereka ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu, monga mayendedwe oyamba, kuchotsa katundu kuchokera ku katundu wakunja, kusunga katundu kunja kwa dziko, ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza. Amaperekanso katundu wa panyanja wa FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi. Topway yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 15 ndipo ili ndi zida zokwanira zothandizira makampani kutumiza katundu pakati pa China ndi Europe.
