Momwe Mungatumizire Katundu Woopsa Kuchokera ku China - Ndi Madoko Ati Amene Adzawalandiradi

 

Chaka chilichonse makontena ambirimbiri odzazidwa ndi katundu wovomerezeka komanso wopindulitsa kwambiri amachotsedwa m'madoko aku China pachifukwa chimodzi: kwinakwake mu malondawo muli batire, aerosol, madzi oundana kapena mankhwala omwe zikalatazo sizinawapeze. Kutumiza zinthu zoopsa kuchokera ku China si nkhani yongolemba bokosi pa fomu yosungitsa. Ndi ntchito yotsatira malamulo yokhala ndi zigawo, kuphatikizapo kugawa, zolemba, kulongedza, ndi—mwina chinthu chonyozeka kwambiri—ndondomeko zenizeni za doko ndi malo ofikira omwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito.

Bukuli likukuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana pakati pa katundu wowopsa kutumiza katundu kumayenda mosavuta kapena kukhala m'bwalo kudzaza ndalama zochepetsera kutayika kwa katundu komanso ngati madoko aku China ali otseguka kwambiri kuti azitha kunyamula katundu wolamulidwa mu 2026.

Chifukwa Chake Katundu Woopsa Amakanidwa Kwambiri Kuposa Mtundu Wina Uliwonse wa Katundu

Kukanidwa kwa katundu kwambiri komwe kumachokera sikukhudza kwenikweni katunduyo. Kumakhudza kusiyana pakati pa zomwe mapepala amanena ndi zomwe doko, malo ofikira kapena chonyamulira katundu chikufuna kutenga tsiku lililonse. Kutumiza katundu kungakhale kovomerezeka malinga ndi mabuku apadziko lonse lapansi, koma kubwezeretsedwa chifukwa malo ena ogona afika pamlingo wokwanira wosungirako zinthu zoopsa, kapena chifukwa chakuti kampeni yachitetezo yakomweko yawonjezera kulandiridwa kwakanthawi pambuyo poti chinthu china chosagwirizana chinachitika kwina kulikonse mdzikolo.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zobisika ndi kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo zinthu zoopsa. Pali malo ochepa osungiramo zinthu zoopsa zomwe zachotsedwa ku mankhwala osagwirizana ndipo simungathe kungowaunjika kulikonse m'bwalo la ziwiya. Munthawi yotumiza katundu wambiri, pamene bwalo la DG la malo osungiramo katundu ladzaza, nthawi zina kusungitsa zinthu kumayimitsidwa kapena kusinthidwa njira, ndi chidziwitso cha masiku angapo.

Palinso msampha wolembedwa womwe umakola anthu omwe amatumiza koyamba nthawi zonse. Chinthu chomwe chimawoneka ngati katundu wamba - chipangizo chosamalira khungu chokhala ndi batire yomangidwa mkati, chotsukira chokhala ndi chotsukira chosasunthika, chida choyeretsera chokhala ndi botolo laling'ono la solvent - chingasinthe mwakachetechete kukhala zinthu zoopsa munthu akangowerenga SDS kapena kuyang'ana flash point. Ngati kugawa kumeneku sikupangidwa msanga, mutu wake pambuyo pake udzayamba kuipiraipira ngati kukana kusungitsa malo kapena kutumiza komwe kukuchitika pachipata cha terminal.

Buku Lolamulira: IMDG, IATA, ndi Gawo Lamkati la China

Kutumiza katundu m'nyanja kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, yofalitsidwa ndi International Maritime Organisation ndipo ikufunika ndi pangano la SOLAS. Pa Januwale 1, 2026, kope la 2024, Amendment 42-24, linakhala muyezo wokhawo wofunikira ndipo linasintha kope lakale lonse. Linapanga mapangidwe atsopano a UN a manambala a mabatire, kuonjezera kufunikira kwa zikalata, ndipo, koyamba, linagawa mabatire, zinthu zoyendetsedwa ndi mabatire ndi magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi mabatire m'magulu osiyanasiyana olamulira. Zonyamula ndege imayang'aniridwa ndi Malamulo a IATA Dangerous Goods, omwe amasinthidwa chaka chilichonse. Mtundu wa 67 wapano udzawongolera kutumiza mpaka kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2026.

Ndipo pamwamba pa zonsezi pali zomangamanga zamkati mwa China, zomwe zimatsimikiza momwe zinthu zoopsa zimanyamulidwira pamsewu kuchokera ku fakitale kupita ku doko. Malamulo a mayendedwe am'deralo amasiyana malinga ndi chigawo ndi mzinda, ndipo amatha kukhazikika mwadzidzidzi, makamaka pazaka zokumbukira zochitika zakale kapena nthawi zomwe akuluakulu am'deralo akuchita ma kampeni owunikira chitetezo. Ngakhale phukusi lomwe likugwirizana kwathunthu ndi pepala la mayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi lingasiye ngati gawo la magalimoto akuluakulu mkati mwa China silikugwirizana ndi zofunikira zakomweko pakukonza nthawi yonyamula katundu, njira zoyendera kapena zilolezo zamagalimoto.

Palibe lamulo lililonse mwa magawo atatu awa, IMDG, IATA ndi malamulo oyendetsera mayendedwe aku China lomwe limagwira ntchito palokha. Kukhala ndi chikalata chovomerezeka chotumizira kunja sikukutanthauza kanthu ngati galimoto yomwe inasuntha chidebecho kupita ku terminal sinali ndi chilolezo chonyamula gulu la zoopsa pamsewuwo.

Kugawa Kumayambiriro: Nambala ya UN ndi Dzina Loyenera Lotumizira

Musanachite china chilichonse—musanasungitse katundu, musanapake katundu, musanayambe kukambirana ndi wotumiza katunduyo za mitengo—katunduyo amafunika nambala ya UN ndi Dzina Loyenera Lotumizira. Zinthu ziwirizi zimalamulira chilichonse chotsatira: ngati Malangizo Onyamula katundu akugwira ntchito, zilembo zomwe zimawonekera m'bokosi, ngati katunduyo akuyenerera malamulo a Limited Quantity kapena Excepted Quantity, komanso omwe angavomereze kusungitsa katunduyo.

Apa ndi pomwe ogulitsa kunja ambiri amalakwitsa poganizira ntchito yomwe ikukhudzidwa. Kugawa magulu si nkhani yongoganizira kutengera momwe chinthucho chikuonekera, koma kudziwa kwaukadaulo kutengera SDS, deta yoyesera, komanso, nthawi zina, kusanthula kwa mankhwala molunjika. Zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimawoneka zofanana kwambiri pafakitale - mwachitsanzo mapaketi awiri osiyana a lithiamu batire okhala ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana kapena makonda a state-of-charge - zitha kukhala ndi manambala osiyana a UN ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zolongedza.

Mabatire a sodium-ion ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha momwe malowa amasinthira mofulumira. Manambala awo a UN adakhazikitsidwa posachedwapa ndipo otumiza omwe adapitiliza kuwayika m'magulu monga momwe adachitira ndi maselo a lithiamu-ion adakanidwa pamene onyamula adasintha machitidwe awo owunikira.

Njira Yogulitsira Mapepala: Zomwe Zimayesedwa Pakusungitsa Mabuku

Kotero nthawi yomaliza yokonza mapepala ndi nthawi yosungitsa, osati tsiku lolowera. Onyamula katundu ndi malo oimika magalimoto akufufuza kwambiri mapepala a katundu woopsa asanafike pachipata cha doko. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa zikalata zomwe zimapezeka kwambiri pa malo osungira katundu wapamadzi ochokera ku China:

Ndemanga	Zimene Zimakhazikitsa
Chitetezo cha Data Sheet (SDS)	Gawo 16 laukadaulo la malonda, kuphatikizapo magulu a zoopsa za GHS ndi zambiri zoyendera zomwe zatchulidwa mu Gawo 14.
Dangerous Goods Declaration	Satifiketi yosainidwa ndi wotumiza katundu, pansi pa IMDG ya panyanja kapena fomu ya IATA yapamlengalenga, yotsimikizira kuti katunduyo wagawidwa m'magulu, wapakidwa, walembedwa, ndipo walembedwa bwino. Ogwira ntchito ovomerezeka ndi DG okha ndi omwe angasayine.
Chidule cha Mayeso a UN38.3	Chofunika pa katundu wa batire ya lithiamu ndi sodium-ion, kutsimikizira kuti maselo kapena mapaketi apambana mayeso asanu ndi atatu ofunikira okhudza kutalika, kutentha, kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka, ndi zina zambiri.
Satifiketi Yolongedza Chidebe/Galimoto	Amatsimikizira kuti chidebecho chinadzazidwa motsatira malamulo a IMDG olekanitsa zinthu, kusunga zinthu zosagwirizana pakati pa bokosilo.
Lipoti Lozindikiritsa Mankhwala Oopsa	Amapemphedwa kwambiri m'madoko akuluakulu aku China, operekedwa ndi labotale yovomerezeka ya chipani chachitatu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunika maola okhazikika sitimayo isanafike.

 

Zolemba za Batri ya Lithium Zifufuzidwa Kwambiri

Pa magulu onse oopsa, katundu wa mabatire ndiye amene amafufuzidwa kwambiri chifukwa moto wa mabatire a lithiamu ukayamba, zimakhala zovuta kuzimitsa. Kuwonjezera pa chilengezo chofala cha SDS ndi DG, mudzafunika kupereka chidule cha mayeso a UN38.3 kuchokera ku labu yovomerezeka bwino, satifiketi yolongedza yogwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka batire kolengezedwa, ndipo nthawi zina zambiri zowonjezera zopangira monga satifiketi yowongolera khalidwe kapena tsiku lopangidwa ndi fakitale. Palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chimachitika mosasamala. Zonyamula zidawotchedwa kale chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa zomwe chilengezo cha batire chimatanthauza ndi zomwe zidayikidwa m'bokosi, ndipo tsopano akuwonjezera zina zowonjezera makamaka kuti apeze kusiyana kumeneko.

Kulongedza, Kulemba, ndi Zoona Zake za Katundu wa DG

Mapepala abwino saphimba kulongedza kosakwanira. Mapepala akunja a katundu woopsa ayenera kukhala ndi nambala yolondola ya UN, Dzina Loyenera Lotumizira, diamondi yolondola ya gulu la zoopsa ndipo, pankhani yotumiza mabatire, chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha batire ya lithiamu, chomwe tsopano chimagwiranso ntchito ku katundu wa sodium-ion. Zolemba ziyenera kuwerengedwa mbali ziwiri zotsutsana za phukusi ndipo pa katundu wa DG wokhala ndi ziwiya, zizindikiro nthawi zambiri ziyenera kukhala pankhope zambiri za bokosilo, osati pankhope imodzi yokha.

Kulemba zilembo n'kofunika kwambiri monga kusiyanitsa. Zinthu zosagwirizana sizinganyamulidwe pamodzi mu chidebe chimodzi ndipo IMDG Code ili ndi tebulo lofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kuti lidziwe magulu a zoopsa omwe angakhale pafupi ndi ena. Kwa katundu wa DG, kudzaza chidebe nthawi zambiri kumayenera kuchitikira ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu yoyang'aniridwa ndi kasitomu m'malo mwa malo osungiramo katundu wamba a fakitale, ndipo zitseko zisanatsekedwe ndikofunikira kujambula zithunzi za mkati mwa chidebecho, zilembo zonse ndi nambala yosindikizira. Ngati pakhala mlandu wokhudza kuwonongeka kwa katundu kapena mkangano wokhudza kutsatira malamulo, zithunzi zimenezo ndi umboni wothandiza kwambiri womwe muli nawo.

Ndikoyenera kuyika ayezi wouma pano, chifukwa anthu otumiza nthawi zambiri saiganizira bwino. Ikatsika bwino imatulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide womwe ungapangitse kuti mpweya ukhale wopanikizika mu chidebe chotsekedwa kapena kuyambitsa ngozi yosuntha mpweya m'malo otsekedwa. Ngakhale pamene katundu wamkulu wa katunduyo sakulamulidwa mwanjira ina, kugwiritsa ntchito ayezi wouma ngati choziziritsira kungagwiritse ntchito malamulo onse oopsa okhudza kusamalira katundu.

Ndi Madoko Ati Aku China Angalandire Katundu Wanu Woopsa

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe atsogoleri ambiri sachidziwa, ndipo mwina ndicho chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito. Madoko awiri onse anganene kuti akhoza kutenga gulu linalake la zoopsa, koma kwenikweni adzachita mosiyana kwambiri, chifukwa kuvomereza kumadalira mfundo yeniyeni ya malo osungiramo katundu, kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo katundu omwe alipo komanso momwe akuluakulu am'deralo achitira posachedwapa pofufuza za chitetezo. Ndondomeko yomwe ili pansipa ikuchokera pa zomwe zikuchitika mu 2026, komabe mfundo yokhudza katundu woopsa padoko linalake la ku China ingasinthe popanda kudziwitsidwa ndi anthu ambiri, choncho ganizirani izi ngati njira yoti mukambirane ndi wotumiza katundu wanu osati chitsimikizo.

Doko / Gulu la Malo Oyimilira	Kuvomereza Gulu la Zoopsa Zachizolowezi	Mfundo Zothandiza
Shanghai (Yangshan / Waigaoqiao)	Malo osiyanasiyana, koma amasiyana malinga ndi malo ofikirako komanso malo ogona	Imafuna lipoti lodziwitsa anthu za mankhwala oopsa komanso kugawa zinthu lomwe laperekedwa pafupifupi tsiku limodzi sitima isanafike. Chifunga cha m'nyengo yozizira chozungulira malo akuya a Yangshan chikhoza kubweza mawindo olowera.
Ningbo-Zhoushan	Kulandiridwa kwakukulu kuphatikiza katundu wa batri ya lithiamu	Ndi yoyenera kwambiri kwa ogulitsa kunja ochokera ku Zhejiang. Ma terminal pano akhala akufunika malipoti oyesa a UN38.3 pa kusungitsa kulikonse kwa batri ya lithiamu kuyambira 2025, ndipo kukakamiza kumakhala kokhazikika osati kwanyengo.
Shenzhen (Yantian/Chiwan/Shekou)	Makalasi 2.2, 3, 5.1, 8, ndi 9 pa malo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito DG	Si malo onse ogona mu Shenzhen cluster omwe amanyamula katundu woopsa, ndipo chidebe chomwe chili bwino pa terminal imodzi chikhoza kutembenuzidwanso pa terminal ina makilomita angapo kuchokera pansi pa msewu. Nthawi zonse tsimikizirani pa terminal, osati pa doko lokha.
Qingdao	Yolimba kwambiri pa mankhwala, mabatire, ndi katundu wolemera wa mafakitale a DG	Kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa makina oyendetsera zinthu kwachepetsa kutembenuka kwa sitima, ndipo mphamvu yosungiramo katundu ya DG yakhala ikukula, zomwe zimathandiza kuti anthu asamasunge katundu wambiri nthawi yayitali.
Xiamen	Zochepa, ndipo zimachepa pa ma sub-terminals ena	Ma terminal ena ang'onoang'ono m'dera la Xiamen asiya kugwira ntchito ndi katundu woopsa m'zaka zapitazi. Musaganize kuti njira yotumizira katundu chaka chatha ikugwirabe ntchito; tsimikiziraninso sub-terminal yanu musanayike.
Tianjin / Xingang	Nkhani ndi nkhani, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolimba kuposa madoko akumwera	Madoko akumpoto akhala ndi mfundo zolimba zokhudzana ndi ngozi kuyambira pomwe doko la 2015 lidalengezedwa bwino, ndipo kuvomereza kuno nthawi zambiri kumatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo kumaphatikizapo kuwunikanso kwina.
Guangzhou (Nansha)	Kukula pang'ono komanso koyenera	Njira ina yothandiza yotumizira kunja mankhwala ndi mabatire ku South China pamene malo ogona ku Yantian ali odzaza kapena gulu linalake la zoopsa lachepetsedwa kwakanthawi kumeneko.

 

Pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira kuposa zomwe zili pamwambapa. Madoko akumwera ozungulira Pearl River Delta, makamaka gulu la Shenzhen, nthawi zambiri ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira opanga mabatire ndi zamagetsi ku South China, koma kugwira ntchito kumeneku kumadalira kwambiri malo osungiramo katundu, osati doko lonse. Madoko akum'mawa ozungulira Shanghai ndi Ningbo ali ndi katundu wambiri komanso zomangamanga zoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovomerezeka koma zolembedwa bwino. Madoko akumpoto, omwe nthawi zina amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotumizira, nthawi zambiri akhalabe osamala kwambiri pambuyo pa kuphulika kwakukulu kwa doko mu 2015 komwe kunasinthanso mfundo za hazmat m'dera lonselo.

Kumene doko lokondedwa silikufuna kulandira gulu linalake la zoopsa, Hong Kong nthawi zina ikhoza kukhala malo ogwirira ntchito operekera katundu wopita ku maukonde ogawa katundu kumtunda. Kusintha kutumiza kuchokera ku LCL kupita ku katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe kungathandizenso kuti zitheke kulandira katunduyo, chifukwa malo ambiri operekera katundu amagwiritsa ntchito zoletsa zolemetsa ku katundu woopsa wa FCL kusiyana ndi katundu wophatikizidwa wa LCL wogawana chidebe ndi katundu wosagwirizana.

Mabatire a Lithium: Gulu Lomwe Limasokoneza Pafupifupi Aliyense

Mabatire a Lithium ali ndi udindo wake chifukwa ndi omwe amachititsa mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi kutumiza kwa DG kuchokera ku China, mwa kuchuluka kwake. China ikadali mtsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi pakutumiza kunja maselo a lithiamu, mapaketi a mabatire ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi mabatire, ndipo malo olamulira zinthuzi asintha kwambiri pofika mu 2026.

Kutha kwa mphamvu ndi kofunika kwambiri. Mabatire operekedwa ndi ndege nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu ya 30 peresenti, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chimatha mphamvu yoposa maola 100 sichiloledwa ku ndege zonyamula anthu, kusuntha kokha pa ndege zonyamula katundu. Madoko ambiri ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pa nthawi yotha kwa mphamvu. katundu wapanyanjaKomabe, ma terminal ena amaletsanso kufika pa 30 peresenti. Ena amalola kuti zinthu zisinthe kwambiri kutengera gulu lolongedza ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malamulo awiri atsopano aku China amapereka gawo latsopano la katundu wa mabatire: limodzi lokhudza chitetezo cha mabatire a lithiamu oyendetsedwa ndi sitima, ndi lina lokhudza kuyenda kwa zinthu za mabatire mosiyanasiyana, zonse zinayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2026. Zotsatira za mayeso apadziko lonse a UN38.3 ndi magulu a mabatire a IMDG osinthidwa ndikuti kutumiza mabatire tsopano kumayang'aniridwa kwambiri kale, nthawi zambiri panthawi yosungitsa, m'malo mongokumana ndi mavuto pokhapokha katundu akafika pa malo osungira katundu.

Kusankha Wotumiza Zinthu Amene Angathe Kusuntha Katundu Woopsa

Kusuntha katundu woopsa ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zomveka bwino pomwe kusankha katundu wotumizira katundu kumasinthadi zotsatira, osati mtengo wokha. Wotumiza katundu wopanda antchito ovomerezeka ndi DG sangasayine mwalamulo chilengezo cha IMDG. Wotumiza katundu wopanda ubale wokhazikika pa terminal inayake nthawi zambiri sangalandire yankho lomveka bwino lokhudza ngati terminal imeneyo itenga kalasi yowopsa mwezi uno, osatinso sabata ino.

Zinthu zazing'ono zogwirira ntchitozi ndi maziko a njira yolumikizirana pa intaneti ya Topway Shipping yomwe ili ndi likulu la Shenzhen, yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2010. Gulu loyambitsa ili lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wa misonkho, komanso luso lakuya m'misewu yoyendera pakati pa China ndi US yokhala ndi mabatire ambiri komanso katundu wamagetsi. Topway Shipping imatha kuphimba unyolo wonse wa katundu kuyambira mtunda woyamba wonyamula katundu kuchokera ku fakitale ndi malo osungira katundu akunja mpaka mtunda wotsiriza wotumizira katundu wa misonkho. Izi zikutanthauza kuti katundu woopsa akhoza kutsatiridwa ndikusinthidwa pa sitepe iliyonse, osati kungodutsa pakati pa anthu omwe sanalumikizane omwe amangowona gawo limodzi la ulendowo.

Kwa ogulitsa kunja omwe akuganizira za FCL motsutsana ndi LCL akamasungitsa katundu woopsa, Topway Shipping imapereka ntchito zosinthika zonyamula katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe komanso wocheperako kuposa chidebe kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndikofunikira pa katundu wa hazmat chifukwa mfundo za malo osungira katundu nthawi zambiri zimakonda kusungitsa malo a FCL kuposa zotengera zogawana. Palinso ubwino wogwira ntchito ndi wotumiza katundu wokhala ku Shenzhen kwa omwe amatumiza kuchokera ku malo opangira zinthu a Pearl River Delta - pafupi ndi malo osungira katundu pawokha kumatanthauza mayankho achangu pamene mfundo za DG za malo enaake zisintha, m'malo mopereka malangizo omwe angakhale akale.

Zolakwa Zofala Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kuti Kusungitsa Malo Kukanidwe

Zolakwitsa zochepa zomwe zingapewedwe zimayambitsa kukanidwa kwakukulu kwa DG. Vuto lofala kwambiri mwina ndi kusayika chinthu m'gulu la katundu wamba chifukwa palibe amene adayang'ana bwino SDS, ndipo nthawi zambiri imawonekera panthawi yovuta kwambiri, chidebecho chitadzaza kwathunthu ndipo kusungitsa chombocho kwatha.

Kumbuyo kuli mabatire osafanana. Cholumikizira chingakane kutumiza kapena kuchiyika chizindikiro kuti chifufuzidwe ngati chikunena kuti phukusi limodzi lakonzedwa ndipo katoniyo ili ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, ngakhale kusiyana pang'ono mu kuchuluka kwa maselo kapena mawaya, mwachitsanzo. Zolemba zomwe zili pamenepo koma zosagwirizana—monga SDS yokhudza kope lakale la IMDG kapena satifiketi yolongedza yomwe idapangidwa kale isanafike kudzazidwa—zimabweretsa nkhawa zofanana, zomwe zimawonetsa kwa wowunikira kuti china chake chomwe chili munjira ya pepala sichinasinthidwe bwino.

Chinthu china chomwe chachititsa kuti kuchedwa kuchitike ndi lingaliro lakuti njira zoyendera za chaka chatha zikugwirabe ntchito. Ndondomeko ya China yokhudza doko ndi ngozi za terminal yatsatira njira yosuntha popanda kudziwitsidwa ndi anthu ambiri, nthawi zina kukhwimitsa chitetezo chomwe sichinalumikizidwe kulikonse mdziko muno, nthawi zina kutsika pamene mphamvu zatsopano za DG zikupezeka. Zomwe zinagwira ntchito bwino miyezi khumi ndi iwiri yapitayo sizitsimikizira kuti zigwira ntchito lero.

Kutsiliza

Kutumiza bwino zinthu zoopsa kuchokera ku China kumatanthauza kutsatira malamulo monga njira yomwe imayambira pamlingo wopezera katundu, osati ngati fomu yodzaza musanasungitse. Kupeza nambala ya UN ndi Dzina Loyenera Lotumizira lolondola, kupanga zikalata zonse komanso zogwirizana mkati, kulongedza ndi kulemba zilembo molingana ndi malamulo a IMDG kapena IATA, ndipo - chofunika kwambiri - kutsimikizira doko ndi malo enieni omwe adzatenge katundu mwezi uno, m'malo modalira malingaliro akale, pamodzi zimatsimikiza ngati katunduyo atuluka pa nthawi yake kapena ali m'bwalo lomwe limapereka ndalama zosungira.

Popeza mfundo zovomerezeka m'madoko aku China zimatha kusintha mwachangu komanso popanda chenjezo lalikulu, njira yotetezeka kwambiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito wotumiza katundu yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chaposachedwa komanso chodziwikiratu pa mfundo za terminal osati chidziwitso chokhazikika cha malamulo. Kutumiza kumeneko kungakhale kuchuluka kwa mabatire a lithiamu, mankhwala a aerosol kapena mankhwala omwe adapezeka sabata yatha kuti amafunikira nambala ya UN konse. Koma kupeza gulu ndi njira yoyendetsera katunduyo chidebe chisanatsegulidwe ndikotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa kukonza pambuyo poti chakanidwa.

Ibibazo

Q: Kodi ndingatumize zinthu za batri ya lithiamu kuchokera ku China popanda lipoti la mayeso la UN38.3?

A: Osati nthawi zonse. Kuyambira mu 2025, madoko monga Ningbo akhala akupempha zikalata za UN38.3 kuti asungitse mabatire a lithiamu, ndipo madoko ena ambiri akuluakulu aku China tsopano akuyembekeza kuti izi zikhale zofala kwambiri potumiza mabatire apamadzi ndi a pandege.

Q: Kodi kutumiza katundu woopsa panyanja kapena pandege kuchokera ku China ndikotsika mtengo?

A: Kawirikawiri, nyanja imakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri pazinthu zoopsa - nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo kasanu kapena kakhumi kuposa mpweya wa katundu wofanana. Koma mpweya umakhala woyenerabe pa mabatire ang'onoang'ono komanso ofulumira olemera pafupifupi 800kg omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za boma.

Q: Kodi malo onse ofikira omwe ali mkati mwa doko limodzi la ku China amalandira magulu ofanana a zoopsa?

A: Ayi, ayi konse. Kuvomerezeka kuli pamlingo wa terminal, osati pamlingo wa doko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti gulu la zoopsa lomwe limaloledwa pa malo amodzi pa doko monga Shenzhen kapena Shanghai likhoza kuchepetsedwa kapena kukanidwa pa malo ena mumzinda womwewo wa doko.

Q: Nanga bwanji ngati katundu wanga wapezeka kuti ndi katundu woopsa nditausungitsa kale ngati katundu wamba?

A: Kawirikawiri kusungitsa kudzakanidwa kapena kuyimitsidwa pamene kusiyana kwapezeka ndipo katunduyo ayenera kusinthidwa, kupakidwanso ndi kulembedwanso asananyamuke zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kuchedwa ndi ndalama zowonjezera poyerekeza ndi kuziika m'gulu moyenera poyamba.

Q: Kodi wotumiza katundu wopanda satifiketi ya DG angakwanitse kutumiza katundu wanga woopsa?

A: Ayi. Kulengeza za katundu woopsa wa IMDG ndi IATA kungasainidwe ndi antchito ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso ovomerezeka omwe ali ndi maphunziro ndi satifiketi ya katundu woopsa. Wosaina yemwe sanaphunzitsidwe komanso wosavomerezeka pa katundu woopsa akhoza kuletsa zikalata zotumizira katunduyo.