Momwe Mungatumizire Nsalu, Zamagetsi ndi Makina kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey Mosazengereza
Introduction
Chaka chilichonse, katundu wokwana madola mabiliyoni ambiri amatumizidwa kudzera mu msewu wa makilomita 11,000 kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey. Mu 2024, msewu wamalonda uwu unagulitsa zinthu zoposa $44.93 biliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa China kukhala bwenzi lalikulu kwambiri la malonda ku Turkey ku Asia. Koma ngakhale kuti msewuwu ndi waukulu komanso wamakono, katundu wambiri wodabwitsa umayimitsidwabe - pamalo otumizira katundu ku China, pakati pa nyanja kapena nthawi zambiri, mkati mwa kasitomu ku Turkey. Koma kwa ogulitsa nsalu ndi zamagetsi ndi zida zamafakitale, kuchedwa kumatanthauza kusowa kwa zinthu, kulephera kupanga ndi kutayika kwa malonda.
Nkhani yabwino ndi iyi. Kuchedwa kwambiri kungapeweke. Ma code olakwika a HS, zikalata zosakwanira, kusankha kosayenera kwa njira yotumizira katundu komanso kusadziwa bwino malamulo omwe Turkey ikupanga ndiye mavuto akuluakulu. Zonsezi zingatheke ndi wokonza bwino komanso wogwirizana naye woyenerera. Bukuli ndi lomwe muyenera kudziwa kuti katundu wanu wotumizidwa kunja ku China ndi Turkey apitirire bwino mu 2025 ndi 2026.
Njira Yogulitsira ya China-Turkey mu 2025-2026: Mikhalidwe Yapano
Mzere wotumizira katundu pakati pa China ndi Turkey ukuyenda bwino kwambiri pamene chaka cha 2026 chikuyamba. Mitengo ya katundu wa m'nyanja yatsika kwambiri kuchokera pa kuchuluka kwa katundu pambuyo pa mliri mu 2021-2022, ndipo mitengo ya makontena a mapazi 20 kupita ku Istanbul tsopano ili pa $1,400-$1,600 ndipo makontena a mapazi 40 ali pa avareji ya $2,400-$2,700. Nthawi yoyendera ndi yodziwikiratu ndipo madoko akuluakulu aku Turkey - Ambarlı (Istanbul), Mersin ndi Izmir - akusamalira bwino kuchuluka kwa katundu.
Chifukwa chake, 2026 yabweretsa mavuto ambiri pa malamulo. Turkey yasintha ndondomeko yake yowonjezera ya msonkho wa Ilave Gümrük Vergileri (IGV) kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2026, kusintha mitengo ndikukulitsa chiwerengero cha ma code a HS omwe akhudzidwa ndi magawo a nsalu, makina, mapulasitiki ndi zitsulo. Dongosolo losinthirali limalola ogulitsa omwe adapereka zilengezo zawo Januware 31, 2026, kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya chaka chatha, koma pa katundu aliyense wotumizidwa lero, ndondomeko yatsopano ya msonkho ikugwira ntchito mokwanira. Kutsatira kusinthaku sikofunikira, ndipo ngati kuwerengera sikudalira mitengo yosinthidwa ya msonkho, mtengo wofika pamalopo ukhoza kukwera mosayembekezereka usiku wonse ndi 10-20%.
Pakadali pano, TAREKS (Risk-Based Control System) ya ku Turkey yasintha kwambiri ntchito zake kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026. Kuchotsa njira yakale ya "nambala yofotokozera yosadziwika bwino". Tsopano, chinthu chilichonse chomwe code yake ya HS imapezeka mu annexes iliyonse ya 2026 chiyenera kupereka pempho losadziwika bwino pa nkhani iliyonse kudzera mu TAREKS, ngakhale chitakhala chovomerezeka mwalamulo kuti chisaloledwe. Kusintha kumeneku kumayambitsa njira yomwe oitanitsa ambiri amanyalanyaza, yomwe ingalepheretse kwathunthu chilolezo.
Kusankha Njira Yoyenera Yotumizira Katundu Wanu
Palibe njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira katundu pa katundu yense. Chisankho chabwino chimadalira kuchuluka kwa katundu, kufunikira kwake, mtundu wa katunduyo komanso doko la Turkey lomwe lili pafupi ndi komwe mukupita. Nayi njira yowonera zinthu zinayi zomwe zikupikisana kwambiri komanso momwe zikugwirizanirana.
| Njira Yotumiza | Nthawi Yoyenda | Mtengo Wamba (Pa CBM/KG) | Zabwino Kwambiri |
| Maulendo Anyanja (FCL) | Masiku 25-35 | $1,400–$2,700 pachidebe chilichonse | Kutumiza kwakukulu kwa nsalu, makina |
| Zonyamula Panyanja (LCL) | Masiku 30-40 | $35–$80 pa CBM | Katundu wosakaniza pang'ono, maoda oyesera |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 3-7 | $ 4- $ 7 pa kg | Zipangizo zamagetsi zamtengo wapatali, zida zosinthira mwachangu |
| Kutumiza Njanji | Masiku 18-23 | Zofikira pakati | Ma voliyumu apakati; mtengo/liwiro lokwanira |
| Express Courier | Masiku 3-5 | Mitengo yamtengo wapatali | Maphukusi ang'onoang'ono, zitsanzo, malonda a e-commerce |
Kunyamula katundu panyanja ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri pa malonda awa.” Pa nsalu zambiri kapena makina okhala ndi makontena, Full Container Load (FCL) nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri, imapereka malo apadera, ndalama zochepa pa unit, komanso chitetezo cha katundu chowonjezeka. Otumiza kunja omwe alibe mphamvu zokwanira zodzaza chidebe angagwiritse ntchito Less-than-Container-Load (LCL) combination, koma njira iyi imawonjezera masiku angapo owonjezera chifukwa cha kusagwirizana komwe akupita.
Kunyamula katundu wa pandege nthawi zambiri kumasungidwa pa zida zodula, zida zamakina mwachangu kapena zosonkhanitsira mafashoni zomwe zimafuna nthawi. Mtengo wake ndi wofunika kwambiri — mitengo ya ndege imagwira ntchito pafupifupi nthawi 4-6 kuposa mtengo wa kilogalamu iliyonse ya katundu wa panyanja — koma pazinthu zomwe liwiro lotumizira ndi mwayi wopikisana kapena pamene nthawi yayitali yoyendera imapanga ndalama zolipirira zinthu, kuwerengerako kumatha kugwira ntchito. M'zaka zaposachedwa, katundu wa sitima m'mphepete mwa Belt and Road Initiative wakulanso ngati malo apakati, kupereka nthawi yoyendera mwachangu kuposa nyanja komanso mitengo yotsika kuposa ndege, pomwe magawo ena a Central Asia-Caspian akadali ndi kusintha kwa nthawi.
Zinthu Zofunika Kuziganizira Pagulu: Nsalu, Zamagetsi, ndi Makina
Zovala ndi Zovala
Nsalu ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zimayang'aniridwa kwambiri pa kasitomu ku Turkey, ndipo zifukwa zake n'zosavuta: pali chitetezo chachikulu cha makampani akunyumba, kugawidwa kwa HS ndi kovuta (kuchuluka kwa ulusi, kapangidwe ka nsalu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zonse zimathandiza pa malamulo oyenera), ndipo njira zotsutsana ndi kutaya zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi pamitundu ina ya zovala zaku China. Kasitomu ku Turkey ali ndi ma database akuluakulu amitengo ndipo mitengo yotsika yolakwika yogulitsa zovala imaletsa kusungidwa kwa zinthu ndikuwunika kwambiri. Otumiza kunja nthawi zonse ayenera kulengeza mitengo yolondola yamsika.
Nsalu ndi zovala zomwe zimalowetsedwa ku Turkey siziyenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro za CE pankhani ya satifiketi, nsalu sizili mbali ya malangizo a EU. Komabe, zikutsatira Malamulo Ovomerezeka a Kutumiza Zinthu ku Turkey (omwe amaperekedwa chaka chilichonse ndi boma) ndipo magulu ena ayenera kukhala ndi satifiketi ya TSE asanatumize ndi kugulitsa. Malamulo olembera zilembo ku Turkey akutsatiridwa mwamphamvu; Ziwerengero za Unduna wa Zamalonda zikuwonetsa kuti kusagwirizana ndi malamulo kunali chifukwa cha kukana kwa 28% kwa zinthu zomwe zimalowetsedwa munthawi ya 2024-2025. Zolembazo ziyenera kukhala mu Chituruki ndipo ziyenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza kapangidwe ka ulusi, dziko lomwe zidachokera, malangizo osamalira ndi zambiri za wopanga.
Zipangizo Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi
Ndondomeko yotsatirira malamulo ili ndi magawo ambiri otumizira zamagetsi. Kulemba chizindikiro cha CE ndi lamulo pa zida zambiri zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi zomwe zimatumizidwa ku Turkey chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa dzikolo ndi malamulo aukadaulo a EU, njira yomwe yakhazikitsidwa ndi Turkey's Customs Union ndi EU kuyambira 1995. Mu Januwale 2025, "Product Safety and Inspection Communique No. 2025/9" ya Turkey idayamba kugwira ntchito, kulimbitsa zofunikira pakulemba chizindikiro cha CE. Magulu atsopano azinthu adawonjezedwa, kuwunika kwa misonkho kudapangidwa kukhala kokhwima ndipo mapasipoti azinthu zamagetsi okhala ndi ma QR code omwe amalola kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino adayambitsidwa pamizere yoyenera yazinthu.
Koma satifiketi ya CE yokha siitsimikizira kuti zinthu zilowa bwino. Ku Turkey, akuluakulu a kasitomu nthawi zambiri amapempha zikalata zambiri kupitirira kulengeza kwa CE kogwirizana: malipoti oyesera oyambirira, mafayilo aukadaulo mu Chituruki ndi kutsimikizira kuwunika kwa thupi komwe kwadziwitsidwa kuti kuli ndi magulu oopsa kwambiri. TAREKS imachita macheke apakompyuta ozikidwa pa zoopsa pazinthu zovomerezeka ndi CE. Nambala yofotokozera ya TAREKS iyenera kupezeka musanachotsedwe katunduyo. Kuyambira mu 2026, zida zomwe sizinali zophimbidwa ndi TAREKS ziyenera kuvomerezedwa payekhapayekha kudzera mu TAREKS. Zilango za kusatsatira malamulo zili pakati pa 68,100 TL ndi 681,000 TL ndipo zidzawonjezeka ndi kusintha kwa 2026.
Makina Ogulitsa
Makina ndi zida zambiri zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi zimaphatikizidwa ndi EU Machinery Directive (2006/42/EC) monga momwe zalembedwera mu lamulo la Turkey, lomwe limafuna kuti CE ilembedwe. Zomwe zikutanthauza kwa ogulitsa aku China ndizodziwikiratu: ngati makinawo sanapangidwepo kale, ayenera kuyesedwa kuti atsatire malamulo ofunikira asananyamuke katunduyo ku China. Ngati mutadziwa za kusiyana kwa malamulo pambuyo poti katunduyo wafika padoko la Turkey, mudzakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zosungira, kutumizanso katundu kapena kuwononga katunduyo.
Makina ogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena okonzedwanso amafunika chilolezo chowonjezera kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zamalonda ku Turkey ndipo nthawi zambiri amayesedwa kwambiri. Mndandanda wofunikira wa zida zatsopano zamafakitale ndi: Chilengezo cha Kugwirizana (DoC), chizindikiro cha CE choyikidwa bwino pamakina (osachepera 5mm kukula), fayilo yonse yaukadaulo, buku la ogwiritsa ntchito mu Turkey ndi TAREKS application. Makina olemera kapena akuluakulu omwe amaperekedwa pamakontena osalala ayeneranso kugwirizanitsidwa ndi akatswiri osamalira ndipo chidziwitso chiperekedwa pasadakhale ku doko lolandirira kuti apewe kuwononga ndalama zambiri.
Kutsatira Malamulo a Kasitomu ku Turkey: Kuyenda pa Gwero Lalikulu la Kuchedwa
Kasitomu wa ku Turkey amagwira ntchito bwino ngati zikalatazo zili zolondola ndipo zinthuzo zaikidwa m'magulu oyenera. Ngati chimodzi mwa izo chikusowa kapena sichili cholondola, chilolezocho chingatenge masiku kapena milungu ingapo. Njira yabwino yosungira nthawi yotumizira katundu wanu ndikumvetsetsa momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito.
Turkey imagwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa zinthu ya manambala 10 ya Harmonised System (GTIP). Kuchita izi molondola n'kofunika kwambiri: HS code yanu imakhudza mtengo wa katundu womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito, kaya kuwunika kwa TAREKS kukufunika, ndi unduna uti womwe umayang'anira katundu wanu komanso ngati njira zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu zikugwira ntchito. Ngakhale kusokoneza mwangozi kungayambitse kukwera kwa msonkho, chindapusa ndi kuchedwa kwa kutumiza katundu. Ngati mukugwira ntchito ndi magulu ovuta azinthu monga makina okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kapena nsalu zosakanikirana, kugwira ntchito ndi broker wa misonkho yemwe amagwira ntchito bwino pa malonda a China ndi Turkey si chinthu chapamwamba koma chofunikira.
Ofesi ya kasitomu ku Turkey imayerekezanso mitengo yomwe yatchulidwa poyerekeza ndi mitengo yamkati. Izi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pa nsalu, zamagetsi ndi zinthu zodziwika bwino komwe kulibe chilengezo chokwanira. Misonkho imakhalabe chifukwa cha mkangano wa mtengo ikhoza kupitirira masiku 5-15 ogwira ntchito pomwe wotumiza kunja akupereka umboni wa mtengo weniweni wa malonda. Mutha kupewa chiopsezochi kwathunthu ngati mulengeza mitengo yoyenera pa invoice yamalonda kuyambira pachiyambi.
| Ndemanga | Ndani Amachitulutsa | zolemba |
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Wogulitsa / Wotumiza kunja | Iyenera kuwonetsa mtengo wolondola wa malonda; iphatikizepo ma HS code |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Wogulitsa / Wotumiza kunja | Phatikizani kulemera, miyeso, ndi zomwe zili mkati mwa phukusi lililonse |
| Bill of Lading / Air Waybill | chonyamulira | Iyenera kufanana bwino ndi tsatanetsatane wa invoice ndi mndandanda wa zonyamula |
| Satifiketi Yoyambira (CO) | China Chamber of Commerce | Zofunikira pa ntchito yapadera ngati kuli kofunikira |
| Chidziwitso cha Kugwirizana | wopanga | Zofunikira pa zamagetsi, makina; ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi chinthucho |
| Nambala Yofotokozera ya TAREKS | Unduna wa Zamalonda ku Turkey (TAREKS) | Muyenera kulembetsa musanapereke chilolezo; lembani fomu kudzera pa intaneti ya boma. |
| Satifiketi ya TSE (ngati ilipo) | Bungwe la Miyezo ya Turkey | Zofunikira pazinthu zomwe zili pamndandanda wa miyezo yovomerezeka |
| Chilengezo cha Kasitomu ku Turkey (BEYAN) | Wogulitsa Kasitomu Wovomerezeka ku Turkey | Yaperekedwa pakompyuta ndi broker wa ogulitsa katundu ochokera ku Turkey |
Mfundo yomaliza yokhudza kutsatira malamulo ndi lamulo la KKDIK la Turkey - mtundu wa EU REACH wa Turkey pa mankhwala a mankhwala, omwe amakhudza makina amafakitale omwe amatumizidwa ndi mafuta, zokutira, kapena zinthu zophimbidwa. Zinthu zomwe zikukhudzidwa ziyenera kulembetsedwa pofika chaka cha 2020 ndipo kukakamiza kuyenera kukulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka chaka cha 2026. Cholakwika chimodzi chofala komanso chokwera mtengo kwa ogulitsa kunja ndikuwona Turkey ngati msika wa "EU-lite" ndikuganiza kuti zikalata zotsatirira malamulo a EU zimasamutsidwa zokha.
Kusankha Doko: Kufananiza Malo Olowera ndi Malo Omaliza Opitako
Dziko la Turkey lili ku Europe ndi Asia. Malo oyenera olowera ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi nthawi yonse yoyendera komanso mtengo wa katundu wonyamula katundu. Ambarlı ndiye malo oyamba otumizira katundu ku Istanbul ndi dera la Marmara lomwe lili mozungulira, malo akuluakulu otumizira katundu ku Turkey komanso njira yachilengedwe yolowera kumadzulo kwa Turkey. Doko la Mersin lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi malo abwino kwambiri olowera katundu wopita pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa Turkey komanso malonda opita ku Middle East. Doko la Alsancak ku Izmir ndi malo afupiafupi olowera kumtunda kuti katundu atumizedwe ku dera la Aegean kapena ngakhale ku Izmir komweko.
Ena mwa ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja, makamaka omwe amapereka katundu m'malo akunja monga Ankara, Gaziantep kapena Konya, akugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera, monga kutumiza katundu panyanja kapena pa sitima kupita ku Istanbul kapena Mersin kenako kutumiza katundu m'misewu kupita kumtunda. Njira imeneyi ingathandize kwambiri ndalama zonse popanda kutaya nthawi yochuluka yoyendera. Njira yabwino ndikulankhula ndi kampani yotumiza katundu yomwe ili ndi ogwirizana nawo odalirika oyendera katundu ku Turkey ndipo imamvetsetsa malamulo okhudza kuchotsera katundu pa doko lililonse.
Kugwira Ntchito ndi Wotumiza Katundu Wodalirika: Chifukwa Chake Zimasinthira Chilichonse
Chotumiza katundu choyenera chingakhale kusiyana pakati pa kutumiza bwino ndi kuchedwa kokwera mtengo. Chotumiza katundu chabwino sichimangosungitsa malo pa sitima, chimalangiza za kugawa ma code a HS, kukonza mapepala olembedwa, kutumiza ma fomu a TAREKS pasadakhale, kulankhulana ndi ma broker a kasitomu aku Turkey ndikuzindikira mavuto aliwonse okhudzana ndi kutsata malamulo katunduyo asanachoke ku China. Kumvetsetsa kotereku n'kofunika kwambiri panjira yolamulidwa bwino monga China kupita ku Turkey.
Musayang'ane mtengo wokha posankha wotumiza katundu. Funsani makamaka za zomwe akumana nazo ndi gulu lanu la malonda, maukonde awo a ogwira nawo ntchito ku Turkey, komanso ngati ali ndi chidziwitso cha kasitomu mkati mwa kampani kapena amagwiritsa ntchito ma broker a chipani chachitatu. Kuwonekera bwino pamisonkho monga ndalama zochotsera msonkho ku Turkey, ndalama za TAREKS (zomwe zidakwezedwa mwalamulo mu Disembala 2025), ndalama zolipirira VAT, ndi mitengo yotumizira katundu wa mtunda womaliza ndi vuto lomwe silingakambirane. Ndalama zobisika pamalo omwe mukupita ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe likubwera.
Kampani ya Topway Shipping yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010, ndi kampani yothandizana ndi anthu omwe akufuna njira zoyendetsera zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pokhala ndi gulu loyambitsa lomwe lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 lodziwa bwino ntchito yokonza zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu m'mafakitale, Topway yamvetsetsa bwino zofunikira zokhudzana ndi zikalata ndi malamulo omwe amalamulira njira zotumizira katundu ku China. Njira yawo yogwirira ntchito imakhudza unyolo wonse wazinthu - zosonkhanitsa zoyambira kuchokera ku mafakitale aku China, katundu wosinthika wa FCL ndi LCL kupita ku madoko akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi kuphatikiza Istanbul, Mersin ndi Izmir, chithandizo chochotsera katundu m'mafakitale, malo osungiramo katundu akunja komanso kulumikizana komaliza kotumizira katundu. Kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja omwe akufuna malo amodzi olumikizirana kuti ayang'anire chilichonse kuyambira pansi popanga zinthu ku Shenzhen mpaka padoko la nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Turkey, njira yolumikizidwa ya Topway Shipping imatseka mipata yogwirizanitsa yomwe ndi gwero la kuchedwa.
Njira Zothandiza Zothetsera Kuchedwa kwa Kutumiza
Kupatula kusankha njira yoyenera yotumizira ndi kutumiza katundu, palinso miyezo ina yogwirira ntchito yomwe nthawi zonse imasiyanitsa ogulitsa katundu omwe ali ndi katundu wosavuta kutumiza ndi omwe alibe. Choyamba ndi kukonzekera nthawi yotsogolera. Ntchito zopangira ndi zoyendera zimayimitsidwa kwa milungu ingapo panthawi ya Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China (nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa Januwale mpaka pakati pa February) ndi tchuthi cha October Golden Week. Kusungitsa katundu milungu isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi itatu isanafike nthawi yayikulu ya tchuthi ndikofunikira, ndipo kufotokozera bwino nthawi yomaliza yopangira ndi ogulitsa ndikofunikira. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pakuphatikiza Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China chisanachitike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msika ukhale ndi mavuto ambiri. Ngati katundu wanu uyenera kuyenda nthawi imeneyi, sungitsani msanga ndikutseka mitengo yanu.
Zikalata ziyenera kukonzedwa musanapake katunduyo osati mutapake katunduyo. Invoice yamalonda yokhala ndi cholakwika chochepa - kulemera kolakwika, kusafanana mu kufotokozera kwa HS code kapena kulakwitsa kulemba dzina la wotumiza katunduyo - kungapangitse kuti katunduyo atumizidwe komwe akuchokera komanso komwe akupita. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolembera zinthu pa digito, komwe mafayilo amawunikidwa motsatira mndandanda wofanana musanatumizidwe kwa wonyamula katundu, kumachepetsa kwambiri zolakwika. Akatswiri ena otumiza katundu amathanso kuwunika zikalata zanu zotumizidwa kale ngati gawo la ntchito yawo.
Kugwirizanitsa kuyika chizindikiro cha CE ndi kugwiritsa ntchito TAREKS nthawi yayitali isanafike tsiku lotumizira ndikofunikira kwambiri pa zamagetsi. Kufunsira ku TAREKS ku Turkey kumachitika kudzera mu e-Government, kenako gulu loyang'anira loyenera limawunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo, nthawi zina, limafufuza labotale. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo cha malonda ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zatsalira ku bungwe lowongolera, njirayi imatha kutenga masiku awiri mpaka milungu ingapo. Ngati pempholo layamba katundu atafika ku Turkey, milandu yokhudza kusungidwa imachitika.
Pomaliza, katundu inshuwalansi Sizowonjezera pa ulendowu. Njira ya panyanja ya China-Turkey ndi yokhwima komanso yodalirika, koma zochitika zokhudzana ndi kuchulukana kwa doko, kusintha kwa zombo chifukwa cha chitetezo cha Nyanja Yofiira (chinthu chomwe chikufunika kwambiri pakupanga njira kuyambira 2025 mpaka 2026), ndipo zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha katundu wautali wapamadzi zimapangitsa kuti katundu wokwanira azigwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo wa inshuwaransi yonse yapamadzi yoopsa ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la kutayika komwe kungatheke, makamaka pamakina ndi zamagetsi, komwe chidebe chimodzi chingakhale ndi ndalama zokwana madola mazana ambiri.
Kutsiliza
Nsalu, zamagetsi ndi makina ochokera ku China kupita ku Turkey ndi njira yogulitsira yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, koma si yosavuta. Kukonzekera bwino ndi chidziwitso ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti muyende bwino m'malo ovuta omwe amapangidwa ndi kusintha malamulo a misonkho ku Turkey, njira zosinthira mitengo, kutsatira malamulo a TAREKS, zofunikira pakulemba chizindikiro cha CE ndi mfundo zazikulu zokhudzana ndi njira zotumizira katundu komanso kusankha doko.
Otumiza katundu omwe sasowa masiku otumizira katundu si omwe ali ndi mwayi - ndi omwe amaika nthawi yawo pakugawa ma code a HS molondola, kulemba zikalata molondola komanso molondola, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a TAREKS patsogolo komanso kugwirizana ndi otumiza katundu omwe amamvetsetsa mbali zonse ziwiri za malonda. Kaya ndi chidebe chanu choyamba cha zovala kuchokera ku Guangzhou kapena kutumiza kwanu kwa makina a CNC zana kuchokera ku Shenzhen, mfundo zoyambira zimakhalabe zomwezo: tsatirani malamulo musanasamutse katunduyo; sankhani wotumiza katundu yemwe ali ndi luso lodziwika bwino panjira iyi; ndipo pangani nthawi yokwanira yopezera katunduyo kuti muzitha kuchita zinthu mwachizolowezi popanda kukakamizidwa.
Kuvuta kwa ntchito ya njira iyi n'kotheka ndi ogwirizana nawo monga Topway Shipping omwe amapereka chithandizo cha zinthu kuyambira kutengera katundu ku fakitale ku China, kudzera mu chithandizo cha katundu wa panyanja ndi wa kasitomu, mpaka kutumiza katundu ku Turkey. "Njira yamalonda pakati pa China ndi Turkey ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa otumiza katundu omwe ali okonzeka. Kuchedwa ndi kwa iwo omwe sachita zimenezo."
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Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQs)
Q: Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Turkey panyanja?
A: Nthawi yoyenda panyanja kuchokera padoko kupita padoko nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 25-35. Kupita pakhomo ndi khomo, kuphatikizapo kutenga katundu ku China ndi kutumiza katundu ku Turkey, kumawonjezera masiku ena 5-10 mbali zonse ziwiri, kwa masiku 35-50 kutengera mzinda womwe unachokera komanso komwe ukupita ku Turkey.
Q: Ndi misonkho ndi misonkho iti yochokera kunja yomwe imagwira ntchito ku katundu waku China wolowa ku Turkey?
A: Misonkho ya msonkho imasiyana malinga ndi HS code: zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala 0-10%, nsalu zimakhala 10-12% ndipo makina amakhala 0-8%. Kuphatikiza pa msonkho wa msonkho, VAT ya ku Turkey ya 18-20% imagwira ntchito pazinthu zonse zotumizidwa kunja zomwe zimawerengedwa pamtengo wa msonkho kuphatikiza misonkho. IGV (msonkho wowonjezera wa msonkho) - dongosololi lasinthidwa mmwamba pamagulu osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza nsalu ndi makina, kuyambira Januwale 2026 - onani mitengo yamakono ndi broker wanu wa msonkho musanamalize kuwerengera mtengo wolandidwa.
Q: Kodi ndikufunika chizindikiro cha CE kuti nditumize zamagetsi kapena makina ku Turkey?
A: Kulemba chizindikiro cha CE ndi lamulo lovomerezeka pazinthu zambiri zamagetsi, zamagetsi ndi makina. Turkey yagwirizana ndi malangizo aukadaulo a EU pansi pa mgwirizano wake ndi Customs Union. Koma chizindikiro cha CE chokha sichikwanira - makasitomala aku Turkey angapemphenso malipoti oyesa koyambirira, zikalata zaukadaulo mu Chituruki ndi nambala yofotokozera ya TAREKS. Tikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kuyamba njira yofunsira TAREKS katundu asanafike.
Q: Kodi TAREKS ndi chiyani, ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani ili yofunika pa katundu wanga wotumizidwa?
A: TAREKS ndi njira yoyendetsera zinthu zamagetsi ku Turkey yoyang'anira zoopsa, yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi Unduna wa Zamalonda. Imachita kafukufuku wa chitetezo chamagetsi komanso kutsatira malamulo pazinthu zomwe sizili zaulimi. Kuyambira mu 2026, nambala yofotokozera ya TAREKS idzafunika kuti zinthu zambiri zichotsedwe pamisonkhano, kuphatikizapo katundu wolembedwa ndi CE, makina, zamagetsi ndi nsalu zina zichotsedwe. Popanda iyo, chilolezo sichingachitike, komabe zikalata zanu zingakhale zolondola.
Q: Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito kutumiza kwa DDP (Delivery Duty Paid) kwa malonda a China ndi Turkey?
A: Inde. Kutumiza katundu kumaphimba ndalama zonse kuphatikizapo ndalama zolipirira msonkho, VAT ndi kutumiza katundu ku Turkey. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula ndi 20-30% kuposa nthawi zonse koma zimapereka chitsimikizo cha mtengo wonse ndipo zimachotsa katundu wolipirira msonkho kwa ogula aku Turkey. Ndiwothandiza makamaka pa kutumiza katundu pa intaneti komanso kwa makasitomala osadziwa bwino njira zotumizira katundu ku Turkey.
