Zofunikira pa Kutumiza kwa ISF pa Kutumiza kwa China Ocean Freight ku US
Introduction
Makontena onse a katundu wonyamulidwa m'chombo ku China akupita ku doko la US ayenera kudutsa pachipata chimodzi choletsa koma chopanda chifundo asanachoke ku Asia: Importer Security Filing, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ISF kapena ISF 10+2. US yobweretsedwa ndi ISF ndi lamulo la chidziwitso cha katundu pasadakhale lomwe linaperekedwa pa Customs and Border Protection mu 2009 ndi SAFE Port Act ndipo linalembedwa mu 19 CFR Part 149 ndipo silikugwirizana ndi misonkho, mitengo kapena ngakhale kuloledwa kwa zinthu zanu. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikupatsa CBP chidziwitso chokwanira, koyambirira kokwanira mu unyolo woperekera, kuti adziwe makontena okayikitsa asananyamulidwe m'chombo chopita ku United States.
Kwa otumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku United States, ISF ndiye pulogalamu yodziwika bwino kwambiri yopezera deta pasadakhale. Chilangocho chimayamba pa $5,000 pa kuphwanya malamulo ndipo chingafike pa $10,000 pa kutumiza ngati milandu yambiri ichuluka. CBP ili ndi njira zina monga kusunga katundu, kukana chilolezo chotsitsa katundu, kapena kupereka lamulo loti "musakweze katundu" padoko lochokera. Izi sizongopeka. Mu 2025, madoko a CBP am'deralo adapatsidwa mphamvu zowonjezera zokakamiza, ndipo makalata a $5,000 tsopano amachokera mwachindunji kudoko la CBP lam'deralo lomwe linkasamalira katunduyo, mkati mwa masiku 90 kuchokera pamene kuphwanya malamuloko kudachitika, popanda chenjezo loyambirira.
Bukuli lapangidwira otumiza ndi otumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku United States kudzera mu sitima yapamadzi. Ngati ndinu wogulitsa wa Amazon FBA, kampani yolumikizana mwachindunji ndi ogula, wogula mafakitale kapena wotumiza katundu yemwe amakonza zotumiza m'malo mwa makasitomala, kumvetsetsa momwe ISF imagwirira ntchito moyenera, osati m'malingaliro okha, kungakhale kusiyana pakati pa ntchito yotumiza katundu yoyera ndi mtsinje wokhazikika wa zilango zosafunikira. Tidzawunikanso zinthu 12 za data, zoletsa nthawi, njira zina zolumikizirana, zolakwika zomwe zafala kwambiri komanso momwe makampani apadera otumiza katundu ku China-U. monga Topway Shipping amatsatira malamulo a ISF mkati mwa unyolo waukulu wazinthu.
Kodi ISF Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni, Ndipo Si Chiyani?
Kutumiza Chitetezo cha Ochokera Kunja ndi kutumiza deta pa intaneti komwe kumatumizidwa ndi wotumiza katundu (kapena wothandizira wawo) ku CBP kudzera mu Automated Commercial Environment kapena ACE kapena kudzera mu Automated Broker Interface. Dzina lakuti '10+2′ limachokera ku mfundo yakuti wotumiza katunduyo ndiye amene ali ndi udindo pa zinthu khumi za deta ndipo chonyamulira cha m'nyanja chimawonjezera ziwiri: dongosolo losungira chombo ndi zidziwitso za momwe chidebe chilili. Zonse pamodzi, zinthu 12 izi zimapatsa CBP chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha katunduyo, magulu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi njira yomwe chidebecho chidzadutsa ngakhale sitimayo isanachoke padoko lakunja.
Pakati pake, ISF ndi yosiyana ndi khomo lolowera katundu wa anthu onse. Umenewo ndi kulowa kwa katundu wa anthu onse — komwe kumaikidwa pa Fomu ya CBP 3461 ndi Fomu 7501 — komwe mumalengeza katundu wanu, kuwaika m'gulu la Harmonised Tariff Schedule ndikulipira mitengo ndi zolipiritsa. Kulowa kumeneku kumaperekedwa panthawi yomwe katunduyo amafika ku United States. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ISF imaperekedwa katunduyo asananyamulidwe ku China. Simungathe kutumiza katundu wa anthu onse popanda ISF yovomerezeka, komabe mafomu awiriwa amakwaniritsa zolinga zosiyana ndipo ali ndi masiku osiyana. CBP imanenanso kuti silipira ndalama zolipirira ISF. Ndalama zomwe zawonetsedwa pa invoice yanu kuchokera kwa broker wa katundu wa anthu onse kapena wotumiza katundu ndi zolipiritsa zaukadaulo potumiza ndi kuyang'anira deta, ndipo si ndalama za boma.
Ndi bwinonso kufotokoza bwino zomwe ISF siigwira ntchito. Lamuloli limagwira ntchito pa katundu wa m'nyanja wopita ku United States m'chombo. Pulogalamu ina yokhudza katundu wonyamulira imatchedwa Air Cargo Advance Screening, kapena ACAS. Miyezo ya ACE e-manifest imagwira ntchito potumiza sitima ndi magalimoto ochokera ku Canada ndi Mexico. ISF nthawi zambiri simaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zomwe zimatumizidwa mochuluka monga tirigu kapena malasha. Komabe, ISF ndi yofunikira pafupifupi pa chidebe chilichonse chochoka ku China ndi sitima - FCL, LCL, chophatikizidwa kapena ngakhale pallet imodzi ya zinthu zaumwini, mosasamala kanthu za mtengo kapena kuchuluka kwa katunduyo.
Kufotokozera Zinthu 10 Zokhudza Deta Yochokera Kunja
ISF imamangidwa pa zidutswa 10 za deta zomwe wotumiza katundu akuyenera kupereka. Chinthu chilichonse chafotokozedwa mu 19 CFR 149.3 ndipo chilichonse chili ndi kuthekera kwake kolakwitsa. Pansipa pali tebulo losonyeza zomwe chidutswa chilichonse chimafunikira komanso komwe deta nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu katundu wapanyanja wa China-US.
| Data Element | Zimene Zimafunika |
| 1. Dzina ndi Adilesi ya Wopanga (kapena Wogulitsa) | Fakitale yeniyeni yomwe imapanga kapena kukulitsa katunduyo, osati kampani yogulitsa. CBP ikufuna gwero lenileni la kupanga. |
| 2. Dzina Logulitsa ndi Adilesi | Kampani yomaliza yodziwika bwino yogulitsa katunduyo, nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa pa invoice yamalonda. Nthawi zambiri ndi kampani yogulitsa yaku China kapena fakitale. |
| 3. Dzina la Wogula ndi Adilesi | Bungwe la ku US lomwe limagula katunduyo, nthawi zambiri limakhala lotumiza katunduyo. Liyenera kufananiza zikalata zamalonda. |
| 4. Dzina ndi Adilesi Yotumizira | Adilesi yoyamba yotumizira katundu ku US, monga malo osungiramo katundu, malo ochitira zinthu, kapena adilesi yeniyeni ya Amazon FBA yokhala ndi prefix code. |
| 5. Chidebe Stuffing Malo | Malo enieni omwe chidebecho chinayikidwa. Kungakhale fakitale, nyumba yosungiramo katundu, kapena CFS (siteshoni yonyamula katundu wa chidebe). |
| 6. Dzina ndi Adilesi ya Consolidator (Stuffer) | Munthu amene anakonza kapena kuchita zinthu zodzaza chidebecho. Nthawi zambiri wotumiza katundu kapena NVOCC wa katundu wotumizidwa ndi LCL. |
| 7. Wolowetsa Nambala Yambiri | Nambala ya EIN, Social Security Number, kapena CBP yoperekedwa ndi IRS ya bungwe la US lomwe liyenera kugwira ntchito. |
| 8. Nambala ya Wotumiza | Nambala ya IRS, EIN, kapena SSN ya kampani yaku US kapena munthu amene katunduyo watumizidwa pa akaunti yake. |
| 9. Dziko Lochokera | Dziko limene katunduyo anapangidwira, kupangidwa, kapena kukulitsidwa—osati dziko limene katunduyo anatumizidwa kuchokera. |
| 10. Nambala ya HTSUS | Nambala ya Ndondomeko ya Misonkho Yogwirizana, osachepera manambala 6 koma makamaka manambala 10 ofanana ndi zomwe zalembedwa mtsogolo. |
Chonyamuliracho chimapereka zinthu ziwiri zomwe zimapanga phukusi la '10+2'. Choyamba ndi dongosolo losungira chombo, lomwe chonyamuliracho chimapereka pasanathe maola 48 kuchokera pamene chombocho chachoka ku doko lomaliza lakunja. Chachiwiri ndi mauthenga okhudza momwe zinthu zilili m'chidebe, omwe ndi zosintha zokhudzana ndi zochitika pamene zidebezo zikuyenda kudzera mu unyolo woperekera. Izi ziwiri ndi za chonyamulira cha m'nyanja, osati chobweretsa kunja, koma zili mu deta yofanana yachitetezo yomwe CBP imagwiritsa ntchito poyesa zoopsa.
Lamulo la Maola 24 ndi Chifukwa Chake Limapusitsa Anthu
ISF iyenera kuperekedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi CBP osachepera maola 24 katundu asananyamulidwe m'chombocho padoko lakunja. Ili ndi lamulo limodzi lokha la nthawi mu ndondomeko yonse yotumizira katundu yomwe nthawi zambiri imamveka molakwika. Otumiza katundu ambiri, makamaka otumiza katundu koyamba, amamvetsa kuti zikutanthauza maola 24 sitimayo isananyamuke kapena maola 24 sitimayo isanafike ku United States. Mawerengedwe onsewa ndi olakwika, ndipo onsewa amabweretsa chilango.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa chidebe chomwe chikuyenda kuchokera ku Shanghai kapena Shenzhen kupita ku Long Beach, ISF iyenera kuperekedwa milungu iwiri kapena inayi isanafike sitimayo ku doko la US. Nthawi imayamba kuyenda bwino sitimayo ikakwezedwa, osati sitimayo ikachoka kapena kufika. Pa ntchito yokhazikika ya ku China kupita ku Long Beach yokhala ndi masiku 14, nthawi yomaliza ya ISF nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 15 mpaka 17 sitimayo isanafike ku US. Ogulitsa katundu ambiri odziwa bwino ntchito za kasitomu amafuna kuti makasitomala awo apereke deta yonse khumi maola 72 sitimayo isanathe kutsekedwa pamalo oyambira zomwe zingathandize kuti nthawi yowunikira detayo, kutumiza fayiloyo ndikulandira kalata yovomerezeka ya CBP isanafike nthawi yomaliza.
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kudziwa. Nthawi yomaliza yoti katundu wakunja asungidwe pa doko (FROB) ndi katundu wotumizidwa kunja mwachangu ndi maola 24 asanafike pa doko loyamba la US. Pa malonda awa a in-bond, ISF-10 yonse yokhala ndi zinthu khumi imalowedwa m'malo ndi fayilo ya zinthu zisanu, ISF-5. Koma kwa ambiri omwe amatumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku United States, lamulo lofunika ndi maola 24 musanayike katundu.
Kusintha kumaloledwa pambuyo pa kuperekedwa koyambirira, ndipo CBP imayembekezera milandu yambiri. Ngati zinthu zilizonse za deta monga adilesi yeniyeni yotumizira kapena gulu lomaliza la HTS sizinatsekedwe panthawi yopereka koyamba, wotumiza akhoza kusintha ISF mpaka maola 24 sitimayo isanafike padoko la US. Koma kusintha komwe kumachitika sitimayo itayikidwa kumakopa chidwi cha CBP kuposa deta yomwe inali yoyenera poyamba.
Zilango: Zomwe CBP Imalipira Kwenikweni
Papepala, ndondomeko za chilango cha CBP pa kuphwanya malamulo a ISF n'zosavuta kumva koma m'machitidwe zimatha kuwonjezeredwa mwachangu. Ndalama zolipiriratu zolipiriratu ndi $5,000 pa kuphwanya malamulo. Cholakwika chilichonse (kutumiza mochedwa, kutumiza molakwika, fayilo yosakwanira, kulephera kutumiza katundu yemwe sanapatsidwe) ndi kuphwanya malamulo. Kuwonekera kwakukulu kwa katundu m'modzi wotumizidwa panyanja ndi $10,000. Mu zitsanzo zoopsa kwambiri za kusatsatira malamulo, CBP ikhoza kupempha ndalama zolipiriratu motsutsana ndi bond ya wotumiza kunja mpaka $50,000 pa bond iliyonse yopitilira.
| Mtundu Wophwanya | Ndalama ya Chilango | Zomwe Zimayambitsa |
| Kulephera kupereka ISF | $5,000 | Chidebe chodzaza popanda ISF chilichonse chilipo |
| Kulemba mochedwa | $5,000 | ISF imafalikira pambuyo pa kutha kwa maola 24 |
| Kupereka kosalondola | $5,000 | Khodi ya HTS yolakwika, wopanga wolakwika, nambala ya bilu yonyamulira katundu yosagwirizana |
| Kupereka kosakwanira | $5,000 | Zinthu za data zomwe zikusowa, maadiresi osakwanira |
| Kulephera kuchotsa | $5,000 | ISF ili pa fayilo ya katundu yemwe sanapatsidwepo katunduyo |
| Pazonse zomwe zatumizidwa | $10,000 | Kuphatikiza kwa zomwe zili pamwambapa pa chidebe chomwecho |
| Zowonongeka zochotsedwa (milandu yoopsa) | Mpaka $ 50,000 | Kutsatira mgwirizano wopitilira chifukwa cha kusatsatira malamulo |
Zotsatira za kulakwitsa kwa ISF zitha kukhala zodula kwambiri kuposa chilango cha ndalama. CBP imatha kusunga katundu wa chidebecho padoko lolowera ku US, ndikuletsa kutulutsa mpaka nkhaniyi itathetsedwa. Kenako chidebecho chimayamba kudzaza ndalama zolipirira ndi zolipiritsa zomwe zimatha kufika $300 mpaka $500 patsiku. Ngati CBP ipitiliza kukayezetsa thupi, katunduyo adzasamutsidwira kumalo oyezetsera pakati pa ndalama za wotumiza kunja, ndipo ndalama zoyezetsera zidzakhala kuyambira $1,500 mpaka $4,000 kutengera mtundu wa mayeso. Ndipo kwa wogulitsa Amazon FBA, mtengo woti muphonye nthawi yokumana ndi munthu wobwera chifukwa cha ISF ukhoza kuposa chilango chilichonse chachindunji cha CBP.
Nthawi zina, pamene kuphwanya malamulo kumaonekera ndipo woitanitsa katundu akutengapo mbali nthawi yake, olakwa oyamba omwe ali ndi mbiri yoyera amapatsidwa kalata yochenjeza m'malo mopatsidwa chilango nthawi yomweyo. Koma zolakwa zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza zimawonjezeka mwachangu ndipo njira zochepetsera malamulo za CBP zimagogomezera kwambiri mbiri yotsatirira malamulo posankha ngati achepetse kapena achotse zilango. Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe woitanitsa katundu angapereke ndi pulogalamu yowunikira malamulo amkati.
Mabondi a Kasitomu: Kugulitsa Kamodzi vs. Kosalekeza
Bond ya kasitomu ndi lonjezo la ndalama ku CBP kuti bungweli lidzatha kusonkhanitsa misonkho, misonkho kapena chindapusa chilichonse chomwe wotumiza katundu walephera kulipira. ISF imafuna kuti bond yakhale yotetezedwa, koma otumiza katundu ali ndi ufulu wopereka chithandizo chimenecho. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu: bond imodzi yogulitsa katundu yomwe imaphimba kutumiza kwina, kapena bond yopitilira yomwe imaphimba kutumiza konse kwa miyezi 12.
Kwa otumiza katundu ochokera ku China kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka, chikole chimodzi cha ISF cha $10,000 nthawi zambiri chimawononga kuyambira $50 mpaka $70 pa kutumiza kulikonse. Onjezani ndalama zolipirira ma broker a $30 mpaka $50 ndipo mtengo wonse pa katundu uliwonse umakhala pafupifupi $80 mpaka $120. Vuto ndilakuti, kutumiza kulikonse kwatsopano kumafuna chikole chatsopano ndipo ngati kutumiza kwachedwa, CBP ikhoza kufunafuna ndalama zokwana $5,000 nthawi yomweyo.
Kwa iwo omwe amatumiza chilichonse nthawi zonse, ngakhale katatu kapena kanayi pachaka, bond yopitilira nthawi zonse ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri. Bond yopitilira nthawi zonse ndi $50,000, yomwe ndi 10 peresenti ya misonkho, misonkho ndi ndalama zomwe zimalipidwa m'miyezi 12 yapitayi. Ndalama zolipirira nthawi zambiri zimakhala madola mazana awiri pachaka, koma bond imaphimba kuchuluka kosatha kwa katundu wotumizidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyenerera ntchito-code-1, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imaphimba zonse zomwe zili mu ISF ndi zolembetsa zamisonkho pansi pa chida chimodzi. Otumiza katundu nthawi zambiri adzapindula ndi kuchepa kwa ndalama zotumizira, kayendetsedwe kosavuta komanso kuthekera kopereka zolemba zomwe zimachepetsa mapepala.
Zolakwika Zodziwika Kwambiri za ISF pa Kutumiza kwa China-US
Makhalidwe olakwika amalembedwa kwambiri patatha zaka zoposa khumi ISF ikutsatira malamulo. Kusiyana kwa malamulo mu chikalata cholamula kumabweretsa zilango zambiri kuposa zolakwika zina zilizonse. ISF iyenera kunena za chikalata cholamula chotsika kwambiri chomwe chaperekedwa mu Automated Manifest System. Ngati NVOCC ipereka chikalata cholamula ndipo ISF itchula chikalata chachikulu, CBP sidzatha kufananiza fayiloyo ndi chikalatacho ndipo kutumiza kudzawoneka ngati sikunafayidwe ngakhale deta yonse idatumizidwa.
Chachiwiri kwambiri ndi kusiyana kwa ma code a HTS. CBP tsopano ikuyerekeza gulu la HTS pa ISF ndi gulu lomwe lili pa cholowera cha kasitomu ndipo kusiyana kumeneku kumaonedwa ngati kusasamala kapena chizindikiro chowopsa cha chinyengo. Izi makamaka ndi vuto la kutumiza kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku China, omwe nthawi zambiri amapereka khodi ya HTS ya manambala 4 kapena 6, motero otumiza kunja amatha kupereka ISF ndi gulu la generic kenako nkuikonza pambuyo pake pa cholowera. Zaka zapitazo kusiyana kumeneku kunatsekedwa. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito nambala yomweyo ya HTSUS ya manambala 10 pamafayilo onse awiri ndikuyifufuza ndi broker wovomerezeka wa kasitomu ISF isanatumizidwe.
Gulu lachitatu lolakwika kwambiri ndi deta ya wopanga ndi wogwirizanitsa. Nthawi zambiri, invoice yamalonda imalemba kampani yogulitsa yaku China ngati wopanga, ngakhale kuti kupangako kunachitikiradi ku fakitale ina. CBP imafuna fakitale yeniyeni, dzina lonse ndi adilesi, osati mkhalapakati wamalonda. Munda wogwirizanitsa uyenera kusonyeza kampani yomwe inadzaza chidebecho, nthawi zambiri wotumiza katundu kapena woyendetsa CFS, osati wopereka woyambirira pankhani ya kutumiza kwa LCL. Kenako CBP imatchula ISF motsutsana ndi bilu yonyamula katundu ndipo kulowa ndipo zolakwika zilizonse m'munda uliwonse zimawonekera ngati kuphwanya kolondola.
Chachitatu komanso chomaliza ndi kulephera kwa nthawi. Nthawi zina deta imachedwa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ku China, nthawi zina ma broker a kasitomu amachedwetsa kutumiza deta podikira tsatanetsatane wofunikira, ndipo nthawi zina wotchi ya maola 24 imatha isanafike ku CBP. Pa kutumiza kwabwinobwino kwa Trans-Pacific, kutsekedwa kwa sitima yapamadzi yaku China nthawi zambiri kumakhala masiku atatu kapena asanu sitima isananyamuke. Kuyambira pamenepo, ISF iyenera kukhala m'manja mwa CBP nthawi yayitali chipatacho chisanatseke. Otumiza omwe amawona kusonkhanitsa deta ya ISF ngati gawo la njira yogulira, m'malo mongogwira ntchito mphindi yomaliza sitima isananyamule, saphonya nthawi yomaliza.
Kumene Kutumiza kwa Topway Kukugwirizana ndi Kutsatira Malamulo a ISF
Kutsatira malamulo a ISF ndi chimodzi mwa madera omwe mukufuna kukhala ndi wotumiza katundu amene amamvetsetsa bwino mbali zonse ziwiri za China-US kumabweretsa kusiyana. Topway Shipping, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010, ili ku Shenzhen, China, ndipo yakhala ikudzipereka ku malonda apaintaneti pakati pa China ndi US kwa zaka zoposa 15. Chifukwa gululi limagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi tsiku lililonse, kulowa ndi kutuluka, ISF si ntchito yowonjezera yokha kwa iwo. Ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo ake momwe katundu amasungidwira, kulembedwa ndi kutumizidwa.
Kumbali ya China, Topway imagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi ogulitsa ndi mafakitale aku China kuti atsimikizire zambiri za wopanga, kutsimikizira dziko lomwe adachokera motsutsana ndi fakitale yopanga osati kampani yogulitsa, ndikuwunikira mafunso a HTS code ISF isanatumizidwe. Topway imayang'aniranso zikalata zotumizira kunja, kulengeza za misonkho ku China komanso kusungitsa zombo ndi zombo zazikulu zonyamula katundu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zambiri za invoice yonyamula katundu zomwe zimapita ku ISF zimatengedwa kuchokera ku mbiri yomweyo yogwirira ntchito, m'malo mosamutsidwa pakati pa makina.
Kumbali ya US, Topway si kampani yongotumiza katundu wa m'nyanja yokha. Kampaniyi ili ndi malo osungiramo katundu ku United States konse, ndipo imayang'anira ntchito zonse za LTL ndi FTL, ndipo imapereka chilolezo cha US Customs pa katundu yemweyo yomwe imanyamula kudutsa Pacific. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kofunikira pakutsatira malamulo a ISF popeza kuti katundu wotumizidwa, wotumiza deta yolembedwa ndi gulu la HTS lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ISF zonse ziyenera kufanana ndi katundu wotumizidwa pambuyo poti katundu wafika. Gawo loyamba ku China likayamba, gawo la nyanja, kulowa kwa misonkho ku US, nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi mayendedwe a mtunda waufupi zimakhala za gwero lomwelo, ndiye kuti mfundo za detazo zimakhala zosasintha mu unyolo wonse. Palibe kupatsana deta ya ISF ikalowa mu dongosolo limodzi ndipo deta yolowera ikatuluka mu lina.
Kuphimba kumeneku nthawi zonse ndi vuto lalikulu kwa ogulitsa malonda apaintaneti ochokera m'malire, makamaka omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu a Amazon FBA. Amazon si kampani yotumiza zinthu kunja kapena yogulitsa katundu m'malo mwa ogulitsa a FBA ndipo sipereka ISF. Wogulitsayo ali ndi udindo 100% wokonza ISF, ndipo zinthu zikavuta, wogulitsayo ndiye amenenso amakumana ndi vuto la kuchedwa kwa nthawi yokumana ndi FBA komanso kutayika kwa malonda. Kutumiza katundu kwa Topway, Customs brokerage, US kuwuza ndipo kunyamula katundu m'magalimoto kumatanthauza kuti ogulitsa a FBA amatha kugwira ntchito ndi kampani imodzi yokha yopereka katundu pa chilichonse kuyambira kunyamula katundu ku fakitale yaku China mpaka kukapereka ku malo enaake okwaniritsa zinthu a Amazon kulikonse ku US, ndipo ISF ndi mafayilo olowera amachitidwa ngati gawo la ntchito yomweyo osati ngati zopatukana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolakwika.
Njira Zabwino Kwambiri Zosungira Mafayilo Abwino a ISF
Kwa otumiza omwe sanakhalepo ndi mavuto a ISF, kutumiza kwa ISF ndi njira, osati chochitika. Kusonkhanitsa deta kumayambira pamlingo wogula komwe tikukambirana kale ndi wogulitsa zambiri za wopanga, dziko lochokera ndi gulu la HTS. Mukamaliza kusungitsa, zinthu zisanu ndi zitatu kapena zisanu ndi zinayi mwa khumi ziyenera kukhala zitakonzedwa kale. "Chinthu chokha chomwe chimabwera mochedwa ndi nambala ya bilu yonyamula katundu ndi nambala yomaliza ya chidebe, ndipo zimenezo zimapezeka nthawi yayitali sitima isanathe."
Zolakwika zomwe zimafala kwambiri zimapewedwa mwa kusunga fayilo yayikulu ya malonda yokhala ndi ma code a HTS, ma adilesi opanga ndi deta ya dziko lomwe idatsimikizika kale. Wotumiza katundu akamapereka SKU yomweyo nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa choti code ya HTS ikhale yosiyana pa ISF ya mwezi uno kuposa yomwe idalembedwa mwezi watha. Choonadi chimodzi chomwe chimasinthidwa pamene magulu akusintha ndikuwunikidwa ndi broker wolembetsedwa wa kasitomu chimachotsa gulu limodzi la zolakwika zomwe zingapeweke. Ndipotu, CBP ikhoza kupempha mapepala othandizira kale kwambiri, motero ndi udindo walamulo kusunga zolemba za ISF kwa zaka zosachepera zisanu, osati kungochita zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa.
Chinthu china chomwe nthawi zambiri chimaiwalika ndi kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni kuvomerezedwa kwa ISF. CBP imapereka uthenga wolandila wamagetsi ISF ikalandiridwa ndikutsimikiziridwa komanso uthenga wokana kapena wochenjeza pakagwa vuto. Nthawi zina otumiza kunja omwe amangoyang'ana ACE nthawi ndi nthawi, kapena omwe amadalira broker wawo yekha ndipo samayang'ana okha kutumiza, amapeza zovuta pokhapokha CBP itapereka chidziwitso chophwanya malamulo. Zimatenga mphindi zochepa kukhazikitsa chenjezo la mayankho a ACE, kapena kuti broker wanu atumize zitsimikizo za CBP ndi fayilo iliyonse, ndipo zimaletsa gulu la mavuto omwe akanangopezeka kuwonongeka kutatha.
Kutsiliza
ISF si gawo lovuta kwambiri pakutsata malamulo okhudza kutumiza katundu ku US, koma ndi limodzi mwa magawo ofunikira kwambiri. Malamulowa afotokozedwa momveka bwino, nthawi yake ndi yosavuta kumva, ndipo zinthu za deta zafotokozedwa m'mawu osavuta m'malamulo. Koma ISF ikadali pulogalamu ya data yoyambirira yomwe imalangidwa kwambiri pazifukwa zosavuta. Dongosolo losonkhanitsira deta yolondola kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku China, kuidutsa mzere wotumizira katundu sitimayo isanathe ndikuyisunga ikugwirizana ndi zomwe zalowetsedwa ndi kasitomu ndizovuta kwambiri kuyendetsa bwino. Otumiza omwe amachita bwino ndi omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ISF ngati gawo la ubale wawo ndi ogulitsa ndi ntchito yawo, osati ngati udindo wosiyana wotsatira malamulo.
Njira yopitira patsogolo ndi yomveka bwino kwa otumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku United States mu 2026. Ikani deta ya ISF yosonkhanitsa mkati mwa ndondomeko yogulira. Ngati mutumiza kangapo pachaka, gwiritsani ntchito bond yopitilira. Tsimikizirani magulu a HTS pamlingo wa SKU ndi broker woyenerera. Tumizani maola 72 sitima isanathe ku China, osati maola 24. Ndipo, mwina chofunika kwambiri, mukufunika wotumiza katundu yemwe amawona kutsatira malamulo a ISF ngati gawo la bizinesi yolumikizirana yolumikizirana, osati ngati chowonjezera chogulitsa. Wotumiza katundu wapadera monga Topway Shipping wokhala ndi chizindikiro chake cha kumapeto kwa China-US chomwe chimaphatikizapo katundu wa m'nyanja, kuchotsa katundu wa misonkho, malo osungiramo katundu aku US ndi magalimoto akuluakulu mdziko lonse, amachotsa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto a ISF poyamba. Umenewo ndi mtundu wa kuphatikizana komwe kumapangitsa ISF kukhala gawo lodziwika bwino, losawoneka bwino mu unyolo wopereka katundu m'malo mokhala gwero la nthawi ndi nthawi la zilango.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi ISF iyenera kuperekedwa liti kwenikweni?
A: Kodi chilengezo cha katundu chiyenera kuperekedwa liti? A: Maola 24 musananyamule katundu m'chombocho padoko lakunja—osati maola 24 musananyamuke kapena kufika. Pa kutumiza nthawi zonse kuchokera ku China kupita ku US. Izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kutumiza milungu iwiri kapena itatu katunduyo asanafike ku US.
Q: Kodi ISF ikufunika pa kutumiza zinthu za LCL kapena zinthu zazing'ono m'nyanja?
A: Inde. ISF imafunika pa katundu aliyense wa m'nyanja wokhala ndi makontena mosasamala kanthu za kukula kapena mtengo wake. Kaya mukutumiza LCL imodzi ya pallet kapena chidebe chonse cha mamita 40, miyezo yofanana ya 10+2 imagwiranso ntchito.
Q: Ndani amalipira chilangocho ngati broker wanga wa kasitomu apereka ISF mochedwa?
A: Wotumiza katundu wolembedwa ndi amene ali ndi udindo mwalamulo, ngakhale ataperekedwa ndi broker kapena wotumiza katundu. Kupereka katundu kumapatsa ntchitoyo, osati udindo. Chilango cha $5,000 chidzachotsedwa pa belo ya wotumiza katunduyo.
Q: Kodi katundu wonyamula katundu kuchokera ku China akufunika ISF?
A: Ayi, ayi konse. ISF imagwira ntchito pa katundu wapamadzi wokha. Kutumiza kwa ndege kumaphimbidwa ndi pulogalamu ya Air Cargo Advance Screening (ACAS). ACAS ili ndi malamulo akeake a data yotsogola, koma sinatchulidwe kuti ISF.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping imagwira ntchito ndi ISF pamodzi ndi katundu wa panyanja komanso kutumiza katundu ku US?
A: Inde. Topway imagwirizanitsa kusonkhanitsa deta ya ISF, kuchotsa katundu wa US, katundu wa panyanja wa FCL & LCL wochokera ku China, malo osungiramo katundu aku US, ndi magalimoto akuluakulu a LTL & FTL mdziko lonse, kuphatikizapo kutumiza mwachindunji ku Amazon FBA centres, mu njira imodzi.
