EORI imodzi kapena makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri? Funso la kulembetsa ku EU lomwe aliyense akulakwitsa
Introduction
Funsani otumiza katundu khumi kuti ndi manambala angati a EORI omwe kampani ikufunika kugulitsa ku European Union ndipo mwina mudzamva mayankho atatu osiyana. Ena adzati limodzi. Ena adzati limodzi pa dziko lililonse lomwe mumatumiza. Ena adzakuuzani kuti mulembetse m'boma lililonse lomwe mumasunga katundu, kuti mukhale otetezeka. Funsoli likumveka ngati loyang'anira, losasangalatsa, komabe limabweretsa ndalama zenizeni. Mayankho olakwika amachititsa kuti anthu alembetsenso kawiri, zikalata zosagwirizana za kasitomu, makontena osungidwa, ndi otumiza katundu omwe sangadziwe chifukwa chake katundu wochotsedwayo amawonekera pansi pa nambala ya mlendo.
Yankho lolondola silili lodabwitsa kwambiri kuposa nthano zozungulira. EORI imodzi yovomerezeka imadziwika m'maiko onse 27 omwe ali mamembala. Chisokonezochi chimachokera ku mfundo yakuti pafupifupi chilichonse chokhudza kutumiza kunja kwa EU, makamaka VAT, chimachitika pamlingo wadziko lonse, ndipo ma broker, misika ndi ma accountant nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito liwu limodzi loti "kulembetsa" pa zonsezi. Onjezani kusintha kwa misonkho komwe kukukonzanso dongosolo lonse mpaka 2026 ndi kupitirira apo, ndipo n'zosavuta kuwona chifukwa chake ogulitsa amasokonezeka.
Bukuli likusiyanitsa zomwe zili mu EU yonse ndi zomwe zili za dziko lonse. Limafotokoza komwe EORI imachokera, momwe mungapezere ndikutsimikizira imodzi, nthawi yomwe mukufuna manambala owonjezera movomerezeka, komanso zomwe kusintha kwa 2026 kumasintha kwa otumiza kunja. Lalembedwa kuchokera kumbali ya wotumiza katundu, komwe ndi komwe zolakwika izi zimasanduka kuchedwa ndi ma invoice.
Kodi EORI Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni (ndi Zimene Sizili)
EORI imayimira Kulembetsa ndi Kuzindikiritsa Ogwira Ntchito Zachuma. Ndi chiwerengero chomwe akuluakulu a kasitomu amagwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira mabizinesi, ndipo nthawi zina anthu, omwe amachita nawo zochitika za kasitomu ku EU. Izi zimakhudza wotumiza katundu, wogulitsa katundu, wolengeza yemwe akupereka chilolezo cholowera, komanso nthawi zina wonyamula katundu kapena chipani chomwe chimapereka chikalata chachitetezo. Maziko alamulo ali mu Union Customs Code, ndipo mfundo yake ndi yosavuta: kasitomu imafuna kudziwa yemwe amaima kumbuyo kwa kayendedwe kalikonse ka katundu, ndipo imafuna chizindikiro chimodzi chokhazikika kuti deta yochokera kumadoko ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana igwirizane.
Kufunika kwa EORI sikofunika kwenikweni. Si nambala ya msonkho, si chilolezo chogulitsa, komanso si satifiketi yosonyeza mbiri yabwino. Siiuza makasitomala kuti mumalipira VAT yanu, kuti zinthu zanu zikutsatira malamulo a chitetezo a EU, kapena kuti wogulitsa wanu ndi wovomerezeka. Ogulitsa ambiri oyamba amaganiza kuti kukhala ndi EORI kumawapatsa chilolezo cholowetsa katundu m'gulu linalake. Sizili choncho. Kutsatira malamulo a katundu, kulemba zilembo, kuyang'ana zaukhondo ndi zilolezo zolowetsa katundu zonse zili kunja kwake, ndipo EORI yoyera sidzapulumutsa katundu amene walephera chilichonse mwa izo.
Kapangidwe ka nambalayi kakufotokoza chisokonezo chachikulu. EORI ndi code ya ISO yokhala ndi zilembo ziwiri ya dziko lomwe lili membala lomwe linapereka, kutsatiridwa ndi chizindikiro cha dziko chokhala ndi zilembo zokwana khumi ndi zisanu. Chifukwa nambala yoyambira ndi NL, DE kapena PL imawoneka ngati yadziko, anthu amaganiza kuti imagwira ntchito mdzikolo lokha. Chiyambi chimakuuzani yemwe adapereka nambalayo. Sichikunena chilichonse chokhudza komwe nambalayo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Yankho Lalifupi: Wogwira Ntchito Mmodzi, EORI Mmodzi, Mayiko Makumi Awiri ndi Asanu ndi Awiri
Kampani imodzi yogulitsa zinthu imafunika EORI imodzi, ndipo nambala imeneyo ndi yovomerezeka m'dera lonse la EU. Kampani yaku Germany yomwe imatumiza zinthu kudzera ku Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg kapena Piraeus imagwiritsa ntchito nambala yomweyi pa chilengezo chilichonse. EORI yoperekedwa ndi Poland imagwira ntchito pamene katunduyo wachotsedwa ku Spain. Machitidwe adziko lonse a kasitomu amasinthanitsa deta yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa zochitika, ndipo nambalayo ikhoza kufufuzidwa motsutsana ndi ntchito yotsimikizira yapakati pa EU, ndichifukwa chake nambala imodzi ndi yokwanira.
Lamuloli lilipo kuti lipewe kubwerezabwereza. Kukhala ndi ma EORI awiri a bungwe lomwelo lalamulo sikuloledwa ndipo kumayambitsa mavuto a data, chifukwa mbiri ya kulengeza, zisankho zilizonse za kasitomu, ndi zilolezo zilizonse zimagawikana m'malemba omwe salankhulana. Pamene kafukufuku abwera, kapena kampani ikapempha udindo wamalonda wodalirika, kugawikana kumeneko kumakhala kowawa kuthetsa.
Kumene EORI Yanu Imachokera
Ngati mwakhazikika mu EU, mumalembetsa ndi bungwe la kasitomu la dziko lomwe mwakhazikika. Kampani ya German GmbH imagwira ntchito ku Germany, kampani ya ku Portugal ku Portugal. Njirayi nthawi zambiri imakhala yachangu, nthawi zambiri imachitidwa kudzera pa intaneti, ndipo m'maiko ambiri chiwerengerocho chimaperekedwa mkati mwa masiku.
Ngati simunakhazikike mu EU, monga fakitale ya Shenzhen yogulitsa kwa ogula aku Europe kapena kutumiza kwa mtundu waku US kuchokera ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu yaku China, lamuloli limaloza ku dziko lomwe lili membala komwe mumayamba mwapereka chikalata cha misonkho kapena choyamba mwapempha chisankho cha misonkho. Mwachizolowezi, ogulitsa amathetsa izi katundu asanayambe kutumizidwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasankha dziko lomwe munthu woyamba kulowa kapena komwe kuli broker kapena woimira ndalama yemwe adzawachitire zinthu.
Nambala imeneyo ikangoperekedwa, imagwira ntchito kulikonse, kotero chisankhocho sichimakutsekerani kunja kwa msika wina uliwonse. Chimangosankha amene ali ndi mbiri yanu komanso amene mukuchita naye zinthu pamene tsatanetsatane wanu wasintha. Chizolowezi chimodzi choyenera kusiya: ogulitsa ena omwe si a EU amapempha EORI yachiwiri kudziko lina chifukwa broker wakomweko amapempha "nambala yakomweko". Musachite zimenezo. Patsani broker EORI yanu yomwe ilipo. Broker wokonzeka bwino akhoza kuigwiritsa ntchito popanda vuto lililonse.
Kukakamiza kwa Nambala Imodzi ya ku France
Mfundo yakuti munthu mmodzi ndi woyendetsa galimoto ali ndi mbali yapakhomo. Malipoti okhudza kulankhulana kwa makasitomala ku France kumayambiriro kwa Meyi 2026 akusonyeza kuti makampani omwe adakhazikitsidwa ku France akuyembekezeka kugwiritsa ntchito EORI imodzi yochokera ku chizindikiritso cha kampani yawo ya SIREN, kuthetsa vuto lakale lomwe kampani imodzi ingakhale ndi manambala osiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana. Cholinga chomwe chanenedwa ndikugwirizana ndi Union Customs Code, kutsata bwino komanso kuzindikira zachinyengo mwamphamvu.
Kaya mukuchita ndi France kapena ayi, malangizo ake ndi omveka bwino. Akuluakulu akufuna woyendetsa kampani imodzi, chizindikiritso chimodzi ndi mbiri yoyera ya kulengeza. Makampani omwe asonkhanitsa ziwerengero zingapo pazaka zambiri kudzera mu kugula, nthambi zosiyana kapena ngozi zakale ayenera kuwona chaka cha 2026 ngati nthawi yoti ayeretse zimenezo.
Chifukwa Chake Nthano ya Makumi Awiri ndi Zisanu ndi Ziwiri Ikupitirirabe
Nthanoyi ili ndi gwero lenileni. Zambiri zomwe zikukhudza kutumiza kunja kwa EU ndi za dziko lonse. Kulembetsa VAT kumaperekedwa ndi bungwe la misonkho la dziko lililonse. Malamulo am'deralo amasiyana. Njira zina zoyendetsera kasitomu, monga zilolezo zosungiramo katundu , zimaperekedwa ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala. Wogulitsa amene wangolembetsa kumene VAT ku Germany, France ndi Italy mwachibadwa amaganiza kuti kasitomu imagwira ntchito mofanana, ndipo wowerengera ndalama wodziwa bwino ntchito adzafotokoza njira zonsezi ngati "kulembetsa" kamodzi kokha.
Misika imawonjezera phokoso. Masamba awo olowera amafunsa "VAT ID kapena EORI" m'munda womwewo, ndipo magulu awo othandizira nthawi zina amauza ogulitsa kuti apereke nambala yakomweko pa dziko lililonse lomwe alemba. Imeneyo ndi lamulo la VAT ndi kutsatira malamulo a msika, osati la kasitomu, koma mawuwo amasokoneza mzerewu.
Otumiza katundu ndi otumiza katundu nawonso amapereka, nthawi zambiri popanda cholinga. Wotumiza katundu yemwe dongosolo lake la malo osungira katundu limalandira nambala yokhala ndi chiganizo cha dziko lake angapemphe "local EORI" pomwe chomwe chikufunikira kwenikweni ndi kuti wina asinthe fomu. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa kuti ndi zizindikiritso ziti zomwe zili mu EU yonse ndi ziti zomwe zili zadziko lonse, ndipo ndi chinthu chothandiza kuyika pafupi ndi mndandanda wanu wolowera.
| kudziwa | cholinga | Wosindikiza | kuchuluka | Mukufuna zingati |
| EORI | Kuzindikiritsa kwa kasitomala za misonkho | Ulamuliro wa misonkho wa dziko limodzi lomwe lili membala | Yovomerezeka ku EU yonse | Chimodzi pa bungwe lililonse lalamulo |
| Kulembetsa VAT | Kulipiritsa, kuchotsa ndi kupereka lipoti la VAT | Ulamuliro wa misonkho wa dziko lililonse | National | Chimodzi m'dziko lililonse lomwe muli ndi zolipiritsa za VAT |
| Ndondomeko ya OSS (Mgwirizano kapena Yosakhala ya Mgwirizano) | Malipoti a VAT osavuta a malonda a mtunda wa B2C | Dziko limodzi lodziwika ngati membala | Malipoti amafotokoza zonse zokhudza malonda a EU | Kulembetsa pulogalamu imodzi |
| Mapulogalamu onse pa intaneti | VAT yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa pogulitsa katundu wotumizidwa kunja mpaka EUR 150 | Dziko limodzi lomwe lili membala, kapena kudzera mwa mkhalapakati | Ikuphimba malonda onse a EU B2C a zinthu zotere | chimodzi |
| Satifiketi ya AEO | Udindo wamalonda wodalirika komanso wosavuta | Ulamuliro wa misonkho wa dziko limodzi lomwe lili membala | Yodziwika bwino ku EU konse | Limodzi ngati mukuyenerera |
Kachitidwe kake ndi kofanana. Chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza chizindikiritso cha kasitomu ndi cha munthu mmodzi ndipo chimapezeka ku EU konse. Chilichonse chomwe chimakhudza msonkho ndi cha dziko lonse pokhapokha ngati pali njira imodzi yolumikizirana pamwamba. Mukayika zizindikiritso m'magawo awiriwa, zopempha zambiri zomwe mumalandira kuchokera kwa ogwirizana nazo zimayamba kumveka bwino.
Pamene Mukufunikiradi Nambala Yoposa Imodzi
Kukhala wolondola pankhani ya EU sikutanthauza kuti nambala imodzi imaphimba dziko lonse lapansi. Pali zochitika zingapo pomwe chizindikiro chachiwiri chimakhala chovomerezeka, ndipo kudziwa zimenezo kumakutetezani kuti musapange cholakwika chosiyana ndi kuganiza kuti EORI imodzi imaphimba malire onse a ku Ulaya.
Madera Omwe Ali Kunja kwa EU Customs Union
United Kingdom idachoka mu mgwirizano wa misonkho mu 2021, ndipo EU EORI siigwira ntchito kumeneko. Katundu wolowa ku Great Britain amafunikira GB EORI, ndipo mayendedwe ena okhudzana ndi Northern Ireland amafunikanso XI EORI. Switzerland ndi Norway, ngakhale zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi msika wa EU, zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zawo za misonkho ndi zizindikiritso za bizinesi yadziko. Wogulitsa amatumiza ma pallet ku Germany, UK ndi Switzerland mu kotala lomwelo, motero akugwira ntchito ndi zolembetsa zitatu zosiyana za misonkho yokha.
| Kupita | Chizindikiro cha kasitomu | Kodi EU EORI imagwira ntchito? |
| Mayiko 27 a EU | EU EORI | Inde, nambala imodzi kwa onse |
| Great Britain | GB EORI | Ayi, kulembetsa kwina kukufunika |
| Northern Ireland (kayendetsedwe ka katundu wina) | XI EORI, kuwonjezera pa GB EORI komwe kuli kofunikira | Ayi, kulembetsa kwina kukufunika |
| Switzerland | Chizindikiro cha bizinesi cha dziko chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makasitomala aku Switzerland | Ayi |
| Norway | Nambala ya bungwe la dziko lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kasitomu waku Norway | Ayi |
Kulembetsa VAT Kangapo Ndi Nkhani Yosiyana
Gwero lachiwiri lovomerezeka la manambala angapo ndi VAT. Ngati mumasunga katundu pamalo ochitira zinthu ku Poland ndikugulitsa kuchokera pamenepo kwa makasitomala aku Poland, mufunika kulembetsa ku VAT yaku Poland. Ngati mulinso ndi katundu ku Germany, mufunika waku Germany. Zimenezo ndi zachilendo ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi EORI yanu, yomwe imakhalabe chimodzimodzi nthawi zonse. Kuyesa kwabwino kwamaganizo ndikufunsa amene akufunsa. Ngati ndi kasitomu, yankho ndi EORI yanu. Ngati ndi bungwe la misonkho kapena gawo la msonkho pamsika, yankho ndi nambala ya VAT ya dziko loyenera.
Chinthu chimodzi chovuta kudziwa ndi chofunika chifukwa chimakopa ogulitsa. Madera ena a EU, monga zilumba za Canary ndi madipatimenti ena akunja kwa France, ali mkati mwa gawo la kasitomu koma kunja kwa dera la EU VAT, kapena mosiyana. Katundu wofika kumeneko akhoza kuonedwa mosiyana pa VAT ndi msonkho ngakhale kuti EORI ikadali yomweyo. Ngati mugulitsa kumeneko, funsani broker wanu momwe malo enieniwo amachitidwira musanatchule mtengo wofika.
Mabungwe Osiyana Alamulo Amafunika Manambala Osiyana
Lamulo la EORI limodzi limagwira ntchito pa bungwe lililonse lovomerezeka, osati pa gulu lililonse. Kampani yogulitsa katundu, kampani yake ya ku Netherlands ndi kampani yake ya ku Germany ndi ogwira ntchito atatu, ndipo iliyonse imafuna EORI yake ngati iliyonse ikugwira ntchito ngati yotumiza katundu kapena yolengeza. Chomwe simuyenera kuchita ndikupatsa kampani iliyonse nambala yowonjezera chifukwa chakuti ili ndi adilesi yosiyana ya nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Nthambi ya bungwe lomwelo lovomerezeka ikadali bungwe limenelo.
Kupeza EORI Ngati Simuli ku EU
Kwa mabizinesi omwe si a EU, fomuyi ndi komwe mafunso ambiri othandiza amabuka. Chidziwitso chomwe kasitomu nthawi zambiri amafunsa ndi dzina lovomerezeka ndi adilesi yolembetsedwa ya kampaniyo, kulembetsa kampani yadziko lonse kapena chizindikiritso cha msonkho kuchokera kudziko lake, munthu wolumikizana naye , komanso nthawi zambiri kufotokozera ntchito yomwe mukufuna kuchita. Akuluakulu ena amapemphanso umboni woti mulipo, monga chidutswa cholembetsa, ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa zomwe akufuna kumadalira dzikolo. Yang'anani zofunikira za akuluakulu musanayambe, chifukwa sizofanana m'maiko onse omwe ali mamembala.
Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito imasiyana kuyambira tsiku lomwelo la kutumiza zinthu zamagetsi m'maiko ena mpaka masiku kapena milungu ingapo m'maiko ena. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kusankha dziko nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha momwe zinthu zilili. Wogulitsa amene akukonzekera kutumiza chidebe chake choyamba ku Rotterdam kapena Hamburg nthawi zambiri amapempha ku Netherlands kapena Germany, potsatira lamulo lakuti chilengezo choyamba chimasankha komwe pempholo liyenera kuchitikira.
Mukalandira nambalayo, itsimikizireni kudzera muutumiki wotsimikizira wa European Commission wa EORI musanalembe mapepala aliwonse. Utumikiwu umatsimikiza ngati nambalayo yalembetsedwa ndipo ikugwira ntchito komanso ngati dzinalo likugwirizana. Silikuuzeni ngati gululo ndi lodalirika, koma limazindikira zolakwika, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengezocho chikanidwe.
Wotumiza Zolemba ndi Kuyimira Ndalama
EORI imayankha amene amadziwika ndi kasitomu. Siimayankha amene ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka pa msonkho ndi VAT yolowera kunja. Ameneyo ndiye wolowetsa katundu, ndipo kwa wogulitsa yemwe si wa ku EU nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri kuigwira. Ogulitsa ena amasankha woimira kasitomu, yemwe angachite ngati wolengeza mwachindunji, kutanthauza m'dzina la wogulitsa, kapena mwanjira ina, kutanthauza m'dzina lawo ndi udindo wogwirizana. Ena amadalira woimira ndalama, makamaka m'maiko omwe amafunikira kuti atumize VAT.
Kusankha kumeneku kumakhudza kayendetsedwe ka ndalama ndi chiopsezo. Woyimira mwachindunji amachita ntchito m'dzina lanu ndipo nambala yomwe ili pa chilengezocho ndi yanu. Woyimira wosalunjika amagwiritsa ntchito nambala yakeyake pa chilengezocho, chomwe chimasuntha udindo komanso chimawonjezera ndalama. Palibe chitsanzo chilichonse chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino ngati magulu awiriwa sanagwirizane mwa kulemba kuti ndani amalipira msonkho ndi VAT padoko, ndani amasamalira kafukufuku wa misonkho patatha zaka zambiri, komanso amene amasunga zolembazo.
Kusamutsa Katundu Pambuyo Potumiza Kunja
Njira yodziwika bwino komanso yopindulitsa kwa ogulitsa omwe si a EU ndi kulowetsa katundu m'dziko limodzi lomwe lili membala ndikutumiza katunduyo ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu kudziko lina. Apa ndi pomwe njira ya kasitomu 42 imayambira. Pansi pa izi, VAT yolowera siilipiridwa pamalo olowera katunduyo akamapita kudziko lina lomwe lili membala, bola ngati wotumiza katunduyo ali ndi nambala yovomerezeka ya VAT m'dziko lomwe akupitako ndipo akukwaniritsa zofunikira zolembedwa. EORI m'dziko loyamba imakhalabe yomweyo, koma nambala ya VAT ya wotumiza katunduyo ndiyo imapangitsa kuti njirayi igwire ntchito.
Ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amalephera apa chifukwa nambala ya VAT ndi EORI sizikugwirizana monga momwe broker amaganizira. Broker amawona EORI yaku Germany ndi nambala ya VAT yaku Poland ndipo amafunsa ngati pali cholakwika. Palibe chomwe chalakwika. Zimangowonetsa lamulo la mabaketi awiri kuyambira kale, ndipo ndi mtundu wa funso lomwe wotumiza katundu yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chenicheni amayankha mzere umodzi.
Udindo wa Wogulitsa Wodalirika ndi Chifukwa Chake Nambala Imodzi Ndi Yofunika
Pulogalamu ya Authorised Economic Operator, yomwe imadziwika kuti AEO, ndi udindo wa amalonda odalirika a EU kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kusinthaku kumamangidwa pa lingaliro lomweli ndi njira yake yatsopano ya Trust and Check. Zonsezi zimapatsa mabizinesi mbiri yolimba yotsatira malamulo kudzera mu macheke ochepa, njira zosavuta komanso kutulutsidwa mwachangu. Chilichonse chimayamba kuchokera ku chizindikiritso choyera cha woyendetsa. Fomu yofunsira imayesedwa poyerekeza ndi mbiri yanu yolengeza, mbiri yanu yazachuma komanso mtundu wa zolemba zanu, ndipo ngati mbiri imeneyo yafalikira m'ma EORI angapo, woyesayo amawona zidutswa zake zokha.
Ogulitsa ambiri safuna kukhala ndi udindo wodalirika pa tsiku loyamba, ndipo nthawi zambiri sikoyenera kutsatira mpaka kuchuluka kwa zinthu kutsimikizira mapepalawo. Komabe, chisankho chosunga EORI imodzi kuyambira pachiyambi ndicho chimasunga chitsekocho chotseguka. Ogulitsa omwe pambuyo pake amapeza kuti zaka zitatu zotumizira zimakhala pansi pa manambala atatu osiyana nthawi zambiri amafunika kudikira mbiri yatsopano asanayenerere.
Zomwe Zinasintha mu 2026: Kusintha kwa Misonkho ndi Malamulo Atsopano Otsika Mtengo
EU yangomaliza kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri pa dongosolo lake la misonkho kuyambira pomwe bungwe la Customs Union linakhazikitsidwa mu 1968. Bungwe ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo zinagwirizana pa ndale pa 26 Marichi 2026, Bungwe linavomereza mwalamulo kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, ndipo Nyumba Yamalamulo inavomereza komaliza pa 16 Seputembala. Nkhaniyi tsopano yasayinidwa ndikufalitsidwa mu Official Journal. Ndondomeko yatsopanoyi ikuyang'ana pa bungwe la EU loyang'anira misonkho lomwe lili ku Lille, likulu la EU Customs Data Hub, maudindo olimba kwa ogwira ntchito zamalonda apaintaneti, komanso njira ya Trust and Check kwa amalonda omwe amatsatira kwambiri malamulo.
Kwa aliyense amene ali ndi EORI, deta yapakati ndiye chinthu chofunika kwambiri. M'malo mopereka deta padera ndi machitidwe adziko, amalonda pamapeto pake adzatumiza deta kamodzi pamlingo wa EU. Malipoti a nthawi yomwe agwirizana akuwonetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito amakhala ofunikira kwa ogwira ntchito zamalonda pa intaneti mu Julayi 2028 komanso kwa amalonda onse mu Marichi 2034, ndipo zochitika zina zovomerezeka zimayamba kale. Popeza masiku mu malipoti achiwiri amasiyana pazigawo zina, nthawi zonse onani mawu omaliza a Official Journal musanakhazikitse nthawi yomaliza yamkati.
Kusintha kwina komanso kwachangu kwakhudza kuyenda kwa phukusi. Kuyambira pa 1 Julayi 2026, EU idachotsa msonkho wopanda msonkho pa katundu wotsika mtengo pansi pa EUR 150 ndipo idasintha ndi msonkho wanthawi yochepa wa EUR 3, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gulu lililonse la chinthu ndi code ya misonkho m'malo mwa phukusi lililonse. Ndalama zoyendetsera katundu, zomwe zimanenedwa kuti ndi pafupifupi EUR 2 pa phukusi lililonse koma sizinamalizidwe, zikuyembekezeka kutsatira pafupifupi Novembala 2026, ndipo mayiko ena omwe ali mamembala agwiritsa ntchito ndalama zadziko pakadali pano. Lamuloli likufuna kulumikiza nthawiyi mpaka nthawi yokhazikika itafika mu 2028.
| Date | Development | Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani kwa eni EORI |
| 26 March 2026 | Bungwe la Nyumba Yamalamulo ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo agwirizana pa ndondomeko yokonzanso zinthu za misonkho | Malangizo akhazikitsidwa: malo osungira deta amodzi, ulamuliro wa EU, malamulo okhwima a malonda apaintaneti |
| 1 July 2026 | Kanthawi kochepa, msonkho wa EUR 3 pa chinthu chilichonse pa katundu mpaka EUR 150 | Zilengezo ziyenera kugawa katundu molondola; EORI pa kulowa ndi yofunika pa ntchito ndi njira zowerengera |
| September 2026 | Bungwe la Nyumba Yamalamulo lavomereza lembalo pa 4 Seputembala; Nyumba Yamalamulo yapereka chilolezo chomaliza pa 16 Seputembala | Kufalitsa mu Journal Yovomerezeka kumatsatira; onani lemba lomaliza kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito pang'onopang'ono |
| Pafupifupi pa 1 Novembala 2026 | Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ku EU yonse zikuyembekezeka, ndalamazo zitsimikiziridwa | Bajeti yowonjezera mtengo pa phukusi lililonse kapena pa mzere uliwonse pa mtengo wotsika |
| 2027 | Ntchito zina za bungwe la kasitomu la EU zayamba | Kugwirizana koyambirira kwa kusanthula zoopsa m'maiko onse omwe ali mamembala |
| July 2028 | Deta ya data ndi yofunika kwa ogwira ntchito zamalonda apaintaneti | Misika ndi ogulitsa ayenera kukhala okonzeka kutumiza mauthenga kudzera pa malo ochezera |
| March 2034 | Deta Hub ndi yofunika kwa amalonda onse | Njira zakale zoperekera zikalata za dziko lonse zatha |
Kusinthaku kumasinthanso amene ali ndi udindo pa zomwe zikuchitika mu malonda apaintaneti. Pansi pa dongosolo lovomerezeka, nsanja zomwe si za EU zimatenga udindo waukulu pazochitika za misonkho ndi malipiro, ndipo zilango zimayambitsidwa chifukwa chosatsatira malamulo. M'malo amenewo, deta yoyera ya umwini imakhala chuma chamalonda. Wogulitsa yemwe EORI, manambala a VAT, kulembetsa kwa IOSS ndi makonzedwe olowetsa zinthu zonse adzadutsa mwachangu kuposa amene deta yake yafalikira m'mabuku angapo osagwirizana.
Zolakwa Zisanu Zimene Timaziona Mobwerezabwereza
Kulembetsa M'mayiko Ambiri Kuti Mukhale Otetezeka
Iyi ndi njira yakale. Wogulitsa amalembetsa ku EORI ku Netherlands, kenako ku Germany chifukwa chopempha mthenga, kenako ku France chifukwa chofunsira mkaunti. Zotsatira zake ndi zolemba zitatu, mbiri zitatu zolengeza ndipo palibe mwiniwake wodziwika bwino wa chilichonse mwa izo. Malipiro a msonkho amagawidwa m'manambala, ndipo pempho lililonse la wogulitsa wodalirika liyenera kuyanjanitsa zonse zitatu.
Ngati muli kale ndi zoposa chimodzi, musangosiya zowonjezera. Lankhulani ndi akuluakulu opereka ndalama zokhudzana ndi kuphatikiza ndipo onetsetsani kuti mapangano otseguka ndi zisankho zilizonse zokhudzana ndi manambala akale zatsekedwa kapena kusamutsidwa bwino.
Kuyika Chigwirizano Cholakwika pa Chilengezo
Munthu amene watchulidwa kuti ndi wotumiza katundu, wotumiza katundu, wolengeza katundu, ndi wolipira msonkho nthawi zonse safanana. Ngati EORI ya wogulitsa waku China iwonekera pa chikalatacho koma wogulitsa wa ku Europe akutenga udindowo ndikulipira msonkhowo, wina adzafunsa chifukwa chake. Kusagwirizana kumeneku kumaloledwa mpaka kutachitika, nthawi zambiri panthawi yowunikira pambuyo pa chilolezo.
Kulola Msika kapena Wotumiza Uthenga Kusankha
Mu njira zambiri zotsika mtengo, EORI pa chilengezocho ndi ya wonyamula, woyendetsa positi kapena nsanja yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati declarant. Palibe vuto, bola ngati aliyense amvetsetsa dongosololi. Vuto limayamba pamene wogulitsa akuganiza kuti chifukwa nambala ya wina ili pa cholowera, winanso ali ndi udindo. Malinga ndi malamulo atsopano, makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito zamalonda apaintaneti, udindo ukukokedwa mwamphamvu kwa munthu amene amagulitsa ndikuwongolera deta.
Kudumpha Kutsimikizira
Manambala imodzi yolakwika imatha kusunga chidebe kwa masiku ambiri, ndipo demurrage sikuyembekezera kuti mupeze cholakwika. Tsimikizani EORI iliyonse, yanu ndi ya anzanu, musanayambe kusungitsa koyamba. Zimatenga mphindi imodzi ndipo ndi zaulere.
Kutsimikizira ndikofunikiranso kubwerezabwereza nthawi ndi nthawi. Manambala amatha kuchotsedwa, makampani amaphatikizidwa, ndipo udindo wa mnzanuyo umasintha popanda kudziwitsa. Onjezani cheke chotsimikizira pa njira yanu yopezera ogulitsa atsopano, otumizidwa ndi oimira, ndikubwerezanso osachepera chaka chilichonse.
Kuiwala Kusintha Tsatanetsatane Wanu
Kusintha kwa adilesi, kusintha kwa malamulo, kusintha kwa umwini: chilichonse mwa izi chingakhudze mbiri ya EORI. Akuluakulu amatumiza zidziwitso ku adilesi yomwe ili pafayilo, ndipo kalata yosowa ingatanthauze nambala yochotsedwa nthawi yeniyeni yomwe kutumiza kumayenera kutumizidwa. Perekani munthu m'modzi mu bizinesi yanu kuti akhale mwini mbiriyo ndikuyiwunikanso nthawi iliyonse kampani ikasintha.
Ndi Kulembetsa Kuti Komwe Mukufunikira? Zochitika Zinayi Zofanana
Gome ili m'munsimu limagwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa pazochitika zinayi zomwe timaziwona nthawi zonse. Chitani izi ngati poyambira kukambirana ndi mlangizi wanu wa kasitomu, osati ngati upangiri wamisonkho. Malamulo a VAT makamaka amasiyana malinga ndi dziko komanso malonda.
| Chitsanzo | Chizindikiritso cha kasitomu | VAT ndi zolembetsa zina |
| Wogulitsa yemwe si wa ku EU amatumiza mapaketi a B2C otsika mtengo mwachindunji kwa ogula a ku EU | Wolengeza, nthawi zambiri wonyamula, woyendetsa positi kapena broker, amalemba pansi pa EORI yakeyake; wogulitsa angafunikebe kutengera mtundu wake | Kulembetsa kwa IOSS, nthawi zambiri kudzera mwa mkhalapakati wa EU kwa ogulitsa m'maiko omwe alibe mgwirizano wa VAT ndi EU; dziwani msonkho watsopano wa EUR 3 |
| Kampani ya ku America kapena ku Asia imatumiza chidebe chonse ku malo ogawa ku Netherlands kapena ku Germany ndikugulitsa ku EU konse | EORI imodzi, yoperekedwa mu chilengezo choyamba cha dziko lomwe lili membala | Kulembetsa VAT m'dziko lomwe katundu amatumizidwa kunja komanso m'dziko lililonse komwe katunduyo ali; OSS yogulitsa zinthu za B2C m'malire |
| Kampani yochokera ku EU yatumiza makontena kuchokera ku China kuti iwagawire yokha | EORI imodzi yochokera ku dziko lomwe lili membala wake | Nambala yake ya VAT yomwe ilipo; ganizirani za momwe zinthu zilili pa AEO pamene kuchuluka kwa zinthu kukukulirakulira |
| Ogulitsa amatumiza ku EU ndi UK kuchokera komweko | EU EORI kuphatikiza GB EORI, ndi XI EORI komwe kayendetsedwe ka Northern Ireland kamagwira ntchito | Chithandizo cha VAT chosiyana ku UK ndi m'dziko lililonse la EU |
Choyamba chiyenera kukumbukiridwa. IOSS si EORI ndipo siilowa m'malo mwake. Imayang'anira VAT pa katundu wotumizidwa mpaka EUR 150, ndipo ogulitsa omwe si a EU ochokera kumayiko omwe alibe mgwirizano wa VAT ndi EU, kuphatikizapo China, ayenera kusankha mkhalapakati wokhazikitsidwa ndi EU kuti agwiritse ntchito. Kulembetsa kwa mkhalapakati ndi chinthu china chomwe chili pamndandanda, komanso chifukwa china chomwe mawu oti "kulembetsa" amayambitsa chisokonezo chachikulu.
Chifukwa Chake Katundu wa Nyanja Amaona Zolakwa Zolembetsa Kukhala Zovuta Kwambiri
Mapaketi ndi katundu wa pandege amayenda mwachangu, ndipo vuto la zikalata nthawi zambiri limatha kuthetsedwa katundu akadali mlengalenga. Katundu wa m'nyanja sakhululuka kwambiri. Chidebe chomwe chimafika padoko la ku Europe ndi cholowetsa katundu chosagwirizana, EORI yosatsimikizika kapena nambala ya VAT yomwe ikusowa kuti katundu apitirire patsogolo chimayamba kusungidwa ndikuchepetsedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo masiku aulere a mzere wotumizira katundu amatha nthawi yayitali chilengezo chokonzedwa chisanavomerezedwe. Pa katundu wonse wa chidebe, mtengo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa cholakwika chimodzi ukhoza kupitirira mtengo wopeza kulembetsa koyenera poyamba.
Kutumiza katundu wochepa kuposa chidebe kumawonjezera gawo lina. Anthu angapo otumiza katundu amagawana chidebe chimodzi, chilichonse chili ndi tsatanetsatane wake wa wotumiza katundu, ndipo vuto ndi gulu limodzi lingathe kuchedwetsa bokosi lonse pamalo olumikizirana katundu kapena malo operekera katundu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ogulitsa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito LCL ayenera kuwona zizindikiro za wotumiza katundu aliyense ngati gawo la kusungitsa katundu, osati ngati chinthu choti athetsedwe pamalo omwe akupita.
Kukonzekera kumafunikanso pa nthawi yake. Ndalama yocheperako yanthawi yochepa komanso ndalama zoyendetsera zomwe zimayembekezeredwa zimasintha zachuma cha ogulitsa omwe kale ankatumiza mapaketi ang'onoang'ono ambiri. Ena tsopano akupeza kuti kuphatikiza zinthu zochepa, zazikulu zapanyanja ndikutumiza kuchokera ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Europe ndikotsika mtengo kuposa kutumiza oda iliyonse padera. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti EORI, malo a VAT m'dziko la nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi mgwirizano wa otumiza katundu kuchokera kunja kwa dzikolo zikhale gawo la dongosolo lalikulu la kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, osati ntchito yapambali kwa akauntanti.
Kuwunika Kothandiza Komwe Mungayendetse Mwezi Uno
Mabizinesi ambiri amatha kuwona malo awo masana. Yambani polemba mndandanda wa bungwe lililonse lovomerezeka m'gulu lanu lomwe limatumiza, kutumiza kunja kapena kuchita ngati declarant, ndikulemba EORI yomwe aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito pakadali pano. Ngati bungwe lililonse lili ndi zoposa chimodzi, kapena ngati mabungwe awiri akugwiritsa ntchito nambala yomweyi, mwapeza ntchito yanu yoyamba. Kenako tsimikizirani nambala iliyonse kudzera muutumiki wotsimikizira wa European Commission ndikuyerekeza dzina lolembetsedwa ndi adilesi ndi tsatanetsatane wa kampani yanu yapano.
Kenako, lembani kulembetsa kwanu kwa VAT molingana ndi malo omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito masheya anu ndi mayiko omwe mukugulitsa. Dziwani komwe katundu ali, komwe mumapereka kuchokera, komanso komwe makasitomala anu ali, chifukwa chilichonse mwa izi chingapangitse kuti pakhale chikole chosiyana cha VAT. Tsimikizani ngati kulembetsa kulikonse komwe kulipo kulipo kuti mugulitse B2C kudutsa malire, komanso ngati IOSS ikugwira ntchito pamitengo yanu yotsika.
Pomaliza, yang'anani mndandanda wanu wa mapepala. Ndani amene watchulidwa kuti ndi wolowetsa zinthu m'mabuku khumi omaliza omwe mungapeze? Kodi dzinalo likufanana ndi munthu amene analipiradi msonkhowo? Kodi ma invoice anu amalonda, mndandanda wa mapepala ndi zilengezo zanu zili ndi zizindikiro zomwezo? Kusiyana kulikonse komwe mungapeze tsopano ndikotsika mtengo kutseka kuposa komwe kunapezeka ndi wowerengera ndalama pambuyo pake.
Momwe Kutumiza ku Topway Kumakuthandizireni Kuchita Izi Moyenera
Kuyambira mu 2010, Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ndi likulu lake ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira katundu kudzera m'mabanki. Gulu lathu loyambitsa lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu kudzera m'makhothi, ndipo likuyang'ana kwambiri mayendedwe ochokera ku China kupita ku US. Chidziwitso chimenecho chimatipangitsa kuti tiyankhe funso la EU ngati ili. Zolakwika zolembetsa zimawononga nthawi ndi ndalama zomwezo malinga ndi njira yomwe katunduyo akuyendera, ndipo njira yopezera mapepala ndi deta isananyamulidwe katundu ndi yofala kwambiri.
Ntchito zathu zimagwira ntchito yonse yokhudza kayendetsedwe ka katundu, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe oyamba, malo osungiramo katundu kunja kwa dziko, kuchotsera katundu wa msonkho ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza. Timaperekanso katundu wosavuta wodzaza ndi chidebe komanso wocheperako kuposa chidebe kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa ogulitsa omwe amasamutsa katundu ku Europe, izi zikutanthauza kuti gulu limodzi likhoza kugwirizanitsa kusungitsa katundu, kuphatikiza katundu, zikalata zomwe zimayenda nazo, komanso kupereka kwa gulu lomwe limachotsa katunduyo padoko lopitako.
Mwachidule, timafunsa mafunso msanga. Ndani amene amalowetsa zinthuzo? Ndi EORI iti yomwe idzawonekere pa chikalatacho, ndipo kodi yatsimikiziridwa? Kodi invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu ndi magulu a zinthu zimafotokoza nkhani yofanana ndi chilengezocho? Kodi katunduyo akupita ku nyumba imodzi yosungiramo katundu, kapena adzasamukira ku dziko lina lomwe lili membala? Chifukwa timagwira ntchito ndi makasitomala pazotumiza zonse za FCL ndi LCL, timathandizanso ogulitsa kusankha ngati chidebe cholumikizidwa kapena zingapo zazing'ono ndizothandiza kwambiri pa dongosolo lawo la zinthu, makamaka tsopano popeza msonkho wa pa mzere uliwonse pamitengo yotsika wasintha masamu a mapaketi ang'onoang'ono.
Ngati bizinesi yanu ikukonzekera kugulitsa ku EU, kapena ngati muli kale ndi manambala angapo ndipo mukukayikira kuti zolembazo zasokonekera, lankhulani nafe musanayikenso buku lotsatira, osati mutalandira chidziwitso chotsatira. Kuwunikanso mwachidule kwa zizindikiritso zanu ndi mtundu wotumizira nthawi zambiri kumapulumutsa ndalama zambiri kuposa zomwe zimawononga, ndipo kumakusiyirani dongosolo lomwe lidzagwirebe ntchito malo osungira deta a EU akafika.
Kutsiliza
Yankho la funso lomwe lili pamutuwu ndi limodzi. Bizinesi imafuna EORI imodzi, nambala imeneyo ndi yovomerezeka m'maiko onse 27 omwe ali mamembala, ndipo kusonkhanitsa zina mwanzeru kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu kuposa momwe chimachotsera. Nthano ya kulembetsa makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri ikupitirirabe chifukwa VAT, zofunikira pamsika ndi zilolezo zina za kasitomu zimasiyanadi kuchokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana, komanso chifukwa aliyense wokhudzidwa ndi kutumiza katundu amagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo chomwecho chomasuka pa maudindo osiyanasiyana.
Njira yothandiza ndiyo kusiyanitsa zinthu ziwirizi. Kuzindikiritsa misonkho ndi kwa munthu mmodzi komanso kwa EU yonse. Kulembetsa misonkho ndi kwa dziko lonse pokhapokha ngati pali njira imodzi yokha yogwirira ntchito. Madera monga Great Britain, Northern Ireland, Switzerland ndi Norway ali kunja kwa dongosolo la EU EORI ndipo amafunikira zizindikiro zawozawo. EORI iliyonse iyenera kutsimikiziridwa isanalembedwe, ndipo bungwe lotchulidwa pa chikalatacho liyenera kukhala bungwe lomwe lili ndi udindo weniweni.
Kusintha kwa 2026 kwapangitsa kuti kukonzedwa kumeneku kukhale kofunika kwambiri. Ndi bungwe la EU loona za misonkho, malo osungira deta, msonkho watsopano wotsika mtengo komanso ziyembekezo zovuta kwa ogwira ntchito zamalonda apaintaneti, akuluakulu azitha kuwona zambiri mwachangu. Mabizinesi omwe amasunga umunthu woyera komanso unyolo womveka bwino wa udindo adzaona kusinthaku kukhala kosavuta. Iwo omwe ali ndi manambala obwerezabwereza komanso makonzedwe osamveka bwino adzapeza kuti dongosolo latsopanoli likuwonetsa kusagwirizana kulikonse.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi ndikufunika EORI yapadera pa dziko lililonse la EU lomwe ndimagulitsa?
A: Ayi. EORI imodzi pa bungwe lililonse lovomerezeka ndi yovomerezeka ku EU yonse. Mungafunike kulembetsa VAT mosiyana m'maiko angapo, koma chimenecho ndi chofunikira china.
Q: Ndine wogulitsa waku China wopanda kampani ya EU. Kodi ndingapezebe EORI?
A: Inde. Mabizinesi omwe si a EU amafunsira ku bungwe la kasitomu la dziko lomwe lili membala pomwe ayamba kupereka chikalata chovomereza kapena kupempha chigamulo cha kasitomu. Akangopereka, nambalayo imagwira ntchito ku EU konse.
Q: Kodi EU EORI ndi yovomerezeka ku UK?
A: Ayi. UK imayendetsa dongosolo lake. Mukufunikira GB EORI ya Great Britain ndipo, pa kayendedwe ka katundu wina, XI EORI ya Northern Ireland.
Q: Kodi IOSS ndi yofanana ndi EORI?
A: Ayi. IOSS ndi ndondomeko ya VAT ya katundu wotumizidwa mpaka EUR 150. EORI ndi chizindikiritso cha kasitomu. Mungafunike zonse ziwiri, ndipo ogulitsa IOSS ochokera kumayiko ena ayeneranso kusankha mkhalapakati wa EU.
Q: Ndingawone bwanji ngati nambala ya EORI ndi yovomerezeka?
A: Gwiritsani ntchito ntchito yotsimikizira ya EORI ya European Commission. Lowetsani nambala yonse ndi chiganizo cha dziko lake, ndipo imatsimikizira ngati nambalayo yalembetsedwa ndipo ikugwira ntchito.
