Miyezo Yolongedza Katundu Wochuluka Kuchokera ku China Kupita ku France: Bokosi la Matabwa kapena Phaleti — Zimene Customs Imafuna
Introduction
Kutumiza katundu wambiri kuchokera ku China kupita ku France si nkhani yokulunga zinthu mu pulasitiki ndikuyika chidebe. Ngati katundu wanu ndi wamkulu kuposa paketi wamba, monga chopukutira, mpando woti mugone, firiji yamalonda kapena sofa yokhala ndi zidutswa zambiri, ndiye kuti muli m'dziko lapadera la malamulo komanso logwira ntchito komwe zisankho zolongedza ndizofunikira pamalire. Miyambo ya ku France imaona zinthu zolongedza matabwa, mawonekedwe a pallet ndi zilembo za katundu mozama. Pali njira za EU. Ngati bokosi silikugwirizana ndi malamulo, kudzipatula, kukonzedwanso, kulipira chindapusa chachikulu kapena kuwonongeka kwa katunduyo kungachitike.
Koma ogulitsa ambiri aku China ndi ochokera kunja akupezabe malangizowo kukhala osalondola komanso ogawikana. Ambiri amadalira ma phukusi omwe apangidwa kale m'fakitale omwe angakhale okwanira mayendedwe apakhomo koma ali ochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe akuluakulu aku France ndi oyang'anira zaukhondo ku Europe akufuna. Imasonkhanitsa miyezo yeniyeni, malire oyezera, zofunikira pakuchiza, ndi ziyembekezo zamapepala zomwe zimalamulira ngati katundu wanu wamkulu adutsa ku Le Havre kapena Marseille popanda vuto.
Ngati ndinu wogulitsa pa intaneti amene amatumiza mipando kwa ogula aku France, wopanga amene amatumiza zida zamafakitale kwa wogulitsa ku Europe, kapena katswiri wonyamula katundu amene amalangiza makasitomala anu, zomwe zili pansipa zikuwonetsa miyezo yomwe ilipo pakati pa chaka cha 2025 ndipo zimachokera ku EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) yomwe inayamba kugwira ntchito mu February 2024, maudindo atsopano a EPR ku France, komanso muyezo wakale wa ISPM 15 wa phytosanitary wa zipangizo zopakira matabwa.
Chomwe Chimawerengedwa Ngati Katundu Wochulukirapo - ndi Chifukwa Chake Tanthauzo Ndi Lofunika
Tisanayambe kusankha njira zopakira, choyamba, tiyenera kudziwa zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndi katundu wolemera kwambiri potumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku France. Kugawa kumeneku sikudzangotsimikizira zofunikira pakunyamula zinthuzo, komanso njira zotumizira, ndalama zilizonse zolipirira ndi kapangidwe ka zikalata za kasitomu.
Katundu wonyamula katundu wodutsa malire nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu anayi malinga ndi kukula ndi kulemera. "Nthawi zambiri, katundu wonyamula katundu wochepera 2 kg ndi wochepera 30 kg. Katundu wamba amakhala ndi mtunda wochepera 3 m. Zinthu zazikulu zimakhala ndi 30 kg mpaka 150 kg ndi mbali yayitali kwambiri yosakwana mamita 4. Katundu wamkulu kwambiri, kapena 'wamkulu kwambiri' monga momwe makampani amafotokozera, ndi chinthu chimodzi cholemera zosakwana matani 8, chokhala ndi m'mphepete umodzi pansi pa mamita 8 ndi kutalika kosakwana mamita 2.57.
Ndi gulu lomaliza ili, masofa, zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, mipando yotikita minofu, ma scooter amagetsi, zida zophikira zamalonda, mapanelo owonetsera a LED, makina amafakitale, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lalikulu lolongedza. Kukula kwa zinthuzi ndikokwanira kuti makatoni wamba a makatoni sakwanira. Zosankha zopangidwa ndi matabwa, kaya ma pallet kapena mabokosi amatabwa, ndizosasinthika. Kenako zofunikira za miyambo ya ku France zimayamba kugwira ntchito mwachindunji.
Phaleti si yofanana ndi bokosi lamatabwa, komanso si maonekedwe okha. Katundu ayenera kukhazikika ndi lamba, kukulunga pang'ono kapena zowonjezera ndikuthandizidwa kuchokera pansi pa phaleti. Katunduyo amatsekedwa kwathunthu mu bokosi lamatabwa lomwe limapereka chitetezo cha kapangidwe kake mbali zonse zisanu ndi chimodzi. Koma ngati zinthu zazikulu ndi zamtengo wapatali kwambiri kapena zofooka, mabhokisi nthawi zambiri amapereka chitetezo chabwino. Mapaleti amatha kukhala okwanira pazinthu zolimba zomwe zimatha kusungidwa. Koma m'mikhalidwe yonseyi France, monga dziko la EU, imagwiritsa ntchito miyezo yofanana ya ukhondo ndi kulemba zilembo.
Chidule cha Kugawa Katundu Wokulirapo
| Category | Mulingo Wakalemeredwe | Malire a Kukula | Kupaka Kwanthawi Zonse |
| Phukusi Laling'ono | Pansi pa 2 kg | M'lifupi < 1 m | Bokosi la Carton |
| Phukusi Lokhazikika | Pansi pa 30 kg | M'lifupi < 3 m | Bokosi la katoni / kukulunga kwa thovu |
| Chinthu Chachikulu | Pansi pa 150 kg | Mphepete mwautali kwambiri < 4 m | Katoni / mphasa yolimbikitsidwa |
| Wamkulu Kwambiri / Waukulu Kwambiri | Matani ochepera 8 | Mphepete < 8 m, Kutalika < 2.57 m | Bokosi lamatabwa / mphasa yokonzedwa |
Muyezo wa ISPM 15: Maziko Osakambirana
Ponena za kulongedza matabwa pazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi, nkhani nthawi zonse imayamba ndi ISPM 15 - Miyezo Yapadziko Lonse ya Miyezo Yaukhondo Nambala 15. Muyezo wapadziko lonsewu unakhazikitsidwa mu 2002 pansi pa Mgwirizano wa Chitetezo cha Zomera Padziko Lonse (IPPC) pachifukwa chimodzi chokha: mitengo yosakonzedwa ikhoza kukhala ndi tizilombo, mphutsi, bowa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe ngati titalowetsedwa m'chilengedwe chatsopano tingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ulimi ndi chilengedwe. France ndi mayiko onse omwe ali mamembala a EU amagwiritsa ntchito ISPM 15 mosamalitsa ndipo akuluakulu a doko la ku France ku Le Havre ndi Marseille nthawi zambiri amayendera ma phukusi amatabwa omwe akufika.
ISPM 15 imafuna kuti zipangizo zilizonse zolimba zopakirira matabwa zopitirira 6mm zikhale zokonzedwa musanatumize kunja - izi zikuphatikizapo mapaleti, mabokosi amatabwa, dunnage (matabwa osasunthika mkati mwa ziwiya) ndi matabwa odulidwa. Yodziwika kwambiri ndi Heat Treatment (HT): pakati pa matabwa payenera kukhala madigiri Celsius 56 kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 zotsatizana. Imawononga tizilombo popanda kusiya zotsalira za mankhwala ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko oposa 100. M'mbuyomu, njira ina inali Methyl Bromide fumigation (MB), koma mayiko ambiri, makamaka France, aletsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kwake chifukwa cha nkhawa zachilengedwe, ndipo nthawi zambiri iyenera kupewedwa pa katundu wopita ku EU.
Mapaketi onse amatabwa okonzedwa bwino ayeneranso kukhala ndi chizindikiro chovomerezeka cha IPPC - chomwe chimatchedwa 'sitampu ya tirigu' - mbali ziwiri zotsutsana, zooneka bwino pambuyo pa kukonza. Chizindikirochi chidzakhala chokhazikika komanso chowerengeka ndipo chidzaphatikizapo khodi ya dziko (CN ya China) khodi ya wopanga kapena malo okonzera ndi chidule cha njira yokonzera (HT kapena MB). Ngati chimodzi mwa zinthuzo chikusowa, chosawerengeka kapena choyikidwa mbali imodzi yokha, kasitomu wa ku France ali ndi ufulu wosunga katunduyo.
Chinthu chimodzi chofunikira chomwe ogulitsa kunja ambiri amachiphonya ndichakuti zinthu zopangidwa ndi matabwa monga plywood, strand board (OSB), particle board ndi fibreboard nthawi zambiri sizimakhudzidwa ndi ISPM 15 chifukwa njira yopangira imachotsa chiopsezo cha tizilombo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti bokosi lopangidwa ndi ma plywood opangidwa ndi laminated m'malo mwa matabwa olimba silingafunike chithandizo cha ISPM 15. Komabe, pa chinthu chilichonse cha matabwa olimba (dunnage, corner blocks, wood frames, etc.) mkati mwa chidebecho, gawolo liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira payekhapayekha. Matabwa osavomerezeka osagwiritsidwa ntchito pomangirira mkati mwa crate yovomerezeka amaletsa kutsata malamulo a katunduyo.
Vuto limodzi lalikulu ndi kugwiritsanso ntchito mabokosi ndi ma pallet. Bokosi lililonse lomwe lakonzedwa, kusinthidwa kapena kuwonjezeredwa mwanjira iliyonse ndi matabwa ena liyenera kukonzedwanso ndikusindikizidwanso zonse. Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira zikadali zoonekeratu, kukonza pang'ono popanda zizindikiro zatsopano kungayambitse kukanidwa kwa makasitomala aku France. Kwa otumiza katundu wambiri izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zenizeni pazachuma ndipo zikugogomezera kufunika kogwirizana ndi ogulitsa ma phukusi ovomerezeka ku China.
Chidebe cha Matabwa vs. Pallet: Kusankha Yankho Loyenera la Miyambo ya ku France
Mukamaliza kutsatira malamulo a ISPM 15, nkhani ya crate vs pallet imakhala njira yosinthira njira yopakira kuti igwirizane ndi mtundu wa katundu, momwe zinthu zilili komanso zofunikira pa mayendedwe ndi kutumiza katundu. Komanso, kasitomu wa ku France sakonda wina kuposa wina, koma kusankha wolakwika kungakhale kokwera mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu awonongeke, mavuto okhudza kusamalira katundu kapena kulephera kutumiza katunduyo, zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama ndi kuchedwa kuchedwe zomwe zimasokoneza chuma cha kugulitsa katundu m'malire.
Nthawi Yogwiritsira Ntchito Bokosi Lamatabwa
Kwa zinthu zofewa, zosaoneka bwino, zamtengo wapatali kapena zotumizidwa kangapo musanafikire kasitomala womaliza, katundu wamkulu, mabokosi amatabwa ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri. Kuphatikizapo mpando wotikita minofu wokhala ndi manja amakina, chiwonetsero chachikulu cha LED chotsatsa, makina enieni a mafakitale ndi zida zamankhwala. Bokosi limateteza chinthucho mbali zonse, limalola kuti mkati mwake muyikidwe mozungulira phukusi ndipo limapatsa oyang'anira kasitomu chipangizo chowonekera bwino, chimodzi kuti chiyang'anire ndikusindikiza.
Pa katundu wa ku France DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) ndi B2C wodutsa m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu zakunja kuti akafike mtunda waufupi, zotengera zamatabwa zolimba zimathandizanso kuti unyolo wogwirira ntchito ukhale wosavuta. Bokosi labwino lingathe kuletsa kugwedezeka kwa foloko, kuyikidwa m'magalimoto akuluakulu m'malo ogawa katundu ku Europe, ndikusungidwa m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu zakunja popanda zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwake kusuntha kapena kunyowa. Bokosi nthawi zambiri limakhala lokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ma pallet koma mtengo wake nthawi zambiri umalipidwa ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe zimawonongeka komanso kuchotsedwa mosavuta kwa zinthu zakunja.
Pamene Pallet Ikukwanira
Ngati katunduyo ndi wolimba komanso wofanana ndipo akhoza kumangidwa bwino, kuyika ma pallet ndiye chisankho chotsika mtengo. Makina ochapira, mafiriji, mipando yodzaza ndi zinthu zina, ndi zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi monga ma treadmill nthawi zambiri zimanyamulidwa pa ma pallet kuchokera ku China kupita ku France popanda vuto lililonse. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pallet yokhayo ikutsatira malamulo a ISPM 15, kuti katunduyo akhale wotetezeka mokwanira kuti asayende panthawi yoyenda panyanja (zomwe zingatenge masiku 45 mpaka 50). katundu wapanyanja njira) ndipo kutalika konse kokhala ndi mikwingwirima kuli mkati mwa kulekerera kwa chidebecho.
Mapaleti a EUR omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu ku Europe ndi 1200 mm × 800 mm. Mapaleti a mafakitale ndi 1200 mm × 1000 mm. Otumiza kunja aku China omwe akutumiza ku France ayenera kuzindikira kuti mapaleti awo apakhomo - omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana - sangagwirizane ndi zida zoyendetsera zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ogawa katundu aku France ndi malo otumizira katundu. Mapaleti amitundu yosiyanasiyana akhoza kukanidwa pokonza katundu, ndikuwonjezera ndalama zosayembekezereka pakutumiza komaliza.
Chidebe ndi Pallet: Buku Lofotokozera Zosankha Mwachangu
| Kuganizira | Crate ya Wooden | Mphasa |
| Zabwino kwambiri | Katundu wosalimba, wosakhazikika, komanso wamtengo wapatali | Katundu wolimba, wooneka ngati bokosi, wokhazikika |
| Mtsinje wa chitetezo | Chipinda chonse cha madigiri 360 | Thandizo la pansi + zomangira |
| ISPM 15 ikufunika | Inde (zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matabwa olimba) | inde |
| Zosavuta zowunikira misonkho | Gawo Lalikulu (logwirizana) | Pakati (katundu wowonekera) |
| Mtengo wachibale | Pamwamba | M'munsi |
| Kuyenerera kwa pallet ya EU | Miyeso yokonzedwa malinga ndi katundu | Iyenera kufanana ndi EUR/mafotokozedwe a mafakitale |
| Kugwiritsanso ntchito/kukonza malamulo | Kukonzanso kwathunthu pakukonza | Kukonzanso kwathunthu pakukonza |
Zofunikira Zapadera Zokhudza Kupaka Zinthu ku France Pambuyo pa ISPM 15
ISPM 15 ndi lamulo lapadziko lonse lapansi, komabe France ili ndi zoletsa zina zomwe zimayamba kugwira ntchito katundu wanu akalowa mumsika wa EU. Zimachokera ku malamulo a EU ndi dongosolo la France lowonjezera udindo wa opanga. Ngakhale kuti amasamala kwambiri za kulongedza katundu komwe ogula akukumana nako, m'malo molongedza katundu kuti anyamule, kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale kwabwino pa katundu wotumizidwa ndi B2C, pomwe bokosi lakunja lotumizira katundu ndiye phukusi lotumizira katundu kwa ogula.
Lamulo la EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) linayamba kugwira ntchito mu February 2024 ndipo likuyambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 2030, ndipo likukhazikitsa cholinga chobwezeretsanso 100% pamapaketi onse. Limaletsanso mitundu ina ya mapaketi apulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi. Kwa otumiza katundu wamkulu, zotsatira zake mwachangu ndizakuti ma stretch wrap, ma bandeji apulasitiki ndi zinthu zodzaza thovu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangirira zinthu pamapallet ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso kapena kuwonongeka ngati n'kotheka. Akuluakulu a misonkho ku Le Havre pakadali pano sakuletsa kutumiza chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito filimu yotambasula yosabwezeretsedwanso, koma otumiza katundu ku EU akukumana ndi maudindo owonjezereka pansi pa malamulo a Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) kuti afotokoze kuchuluka kwa mapaketi omwe amaikidwa pamsika waku France - kuphatikizapo mapaketi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza kunja.
France ilamula kuti chizindikiro cha Triman chobwezeretsanso zinthu ndi malangizo osavuta osonkhanitsira zinthu mu Chifalansa aziwonetsedwa pa zilembo zonse za phukusi zomwe zimaonekera kwa ogula. Pankhani ya katundu wa B2B, pomwe phukusi limachotsedwa pamalo ogawa zinthu asanaperekedwe kwa ogula, nthawi zambiri ndi wotumiza kapena wogulitsa waku France amene ayenera kuchita izi, osati wogulitsa waku China. Komabe, pazinthu za B2C zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi anthu omwe amatumiza katunduyo kudziko lina komwe bokosi kapena mphasa zimanyamulidwa mwachindunji ku adilesi yogona ku France, ogulitsa katundu ayenera kutsimikizira kuti kulongedza kwawo kwakunja kukugwirizana ndi miyezo iyi ya malonda apo ayi angakumane ndi zotsutsa kuchokera kwa anzawo amalonda aku France.
Katundu wowopsa kapena omwe ali ndi zofunikira zapadera zogwirira ntchito - mabatire mu ma scooter amagetsi, ma refrigerant mu mayunitsi oziziritsa mpweya, mankhwala achilengedwe mumakina amafakitale - ayenera kulembedwa motsatira ADR (European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) zizindikiro zoyika pa mapepala ndi zotumizira. Misonkho ya ku France imayang'anitsitsa makamaka zinthu zazikulu zomwe zili ndi mabatire kapena zinthu zopanikizika. Kulemba molakwika ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti kutumiza kuchedwetsedwe pamalo olowera ku France.
Zofunikira pa Kapangidwe ka Mabokosi ndi Ma Pallet Amatabwa Akuluakulu
ISPM 15 ndi lamulo lapadziko lonse lapansi, komabe France ili ndi zoletsa zina zomwe zimayamba kugwira ntchito katundu wanu akalowa mumsika wa EU. Zimachokera ku malamulo a EU ndi dongosolo la France lowonjezera udindo wa opanga. Ngakhale kuti amasamala kwambiri za kulongedza katundu komwe ogula akukumana nako, m'malo molongedza katundu kuti anyamule, kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale kwabwino pa katundu wotumizidwa ndi B2C, pomwe bokosi lakunja lotumizira katundu ndiye phukusi lotumizira katundu kwa ogula.
Lamulo la EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR) linayamba kugwira ntchito mu February 2024 ndipo likuyambitsidwa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 2030, ndipo likukhazikitsa cholinga chobwezeretsanso 100% pamapaketi onse. Limaletsanso mitundu ina ya mapaketi apulasitiki ogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi. Kwa otumiza katundu wamkulu, zotsatira zake mwachangu ndizakuti ma stretch wrap, ma bandeji apulasitiki ndi zinthu zodzaza thovu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangirira zinthu pamapallet ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso kapena kuwonongeka ngati n'kotheka. Akuluakulu a misonkho ku Le Havre pakadali pano sakuletsa kutumiza chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito filimu yotambasula yosabwezeretsedwanso, koma otumiza katundu ku EU akukumana ndi maudindo owonjezereka pansi pa malamulo a Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) kuti afotokoze kuchuluka kwa mapaketi omwe amaikidwa pamsika waku France - kuphatikizapo mapaketi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza kunja.
France ilamula kuti chizindikiro cha Triman chobwezeretsanso zinthu ndi malangizo osavuta osonkhanitsira zinthu mu Chifalansa aziwonetsedwa pa zilembo zonse za phukusi zomwe zimaonekera kwa ogula. Pankhani ya katundu wa B2B, pomwe phukusi limachotsedwa pamalo ogawa zinthu asanaperekedwe kwa ogula, nthawi zambiri ndi wotumiza kapena wogulitsa waku France amene ayenera kuchita izi, osati wogulitsa waku China. Komabe, pazinthu za B2C zomwe zimatumizidwa ndi anthu omwe amatumiza katunduyo kudziko lina komwe bokosi kapena mphasa zimanyamulidwa mwachindunji ku adilesi yogona ku France, ogulitsa katundu ayenera kutsimikizira kuti kulongedza kwawo kwakunja kukugwirizana ndi miyezo iyi ya malonda apo ayi angakumane ndi zotsutsa kuchokera kwa anzawo amalonda aku France.
Katundu woopsa kapena amene ali ndi zofunikira zapadera zogwirira ntchito - mabatire m'ma scooter amagetsi, ma refrigerant m'mayunitsi oziziritsa mpweya, mankhwala m'makina amafakitale - ayenera kulembedwa motsatira ADR (European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) zizindikiro pa mapepala ndi zotumizira. Kasitomu wa ku France amasamala kwambiri ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zili ndi mabatire kapena zinthu zina zopanikizika. Kulemba molakwika ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimachititsa kuti kutumiza kuchedwetsedwe pamalo olowera ku France.
Mafotokozedwe Oyenera a Kapangidwe ka Matabwa Okulirapo
| Cargo Weight Range | Min. Makulidwe a Board | Internal Cushioning | Kutalika Kwambiri kwa Stack |
| 50-200 kg | 15-18 mm | Thovu wamba / ubweya wamatabwa | 1.5 mamita |
| 200-1,000 kg | 18-25 mm | Thovu lolemera kwambiri + mabuloko a pakona | 1.5 m (paleti); malo ozungulira onse amalimbikitsidwa |
| 1,000 kg – matani 8 | 30 mm+ yokhala ndi mabulaketi achitsulo | Thovu lopangidwa ndi makina + chogwirira mkati | Bokosi lovomerezeka; kapangidwe kake |
Zofunikira pa Zolemba ku French Customs
Ndi mbali imodzi yokha ya ndalama zoyendetsera ma phukusi. Kasitomu waku France, kudzera mu DGDDI (Direction Generale des Douanes et Droits Indirects) komanso mogwirizana ndi malamulo a EU ICS2, amalamula kuti phukusi lonse lolondola la zikalata liphatikizidwe pa katundu aliyense wamkulu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, chifukwa chofala kwambiri choletsa katundu wa kasitomu kufika ku Le Havre ndi Marseille ndi mapepala osakwanira kapena osagwirizana.
Zikalata zazikulu zomwe zayikidwa za katundu wamkulu kwambiri wochokera ku China kupita ku France ziyenera kukhala ndi Invoice Yamalonda yomwe ikuwonetsa mtengo wolengezedwa mu ma Euro kapena USD (yomwe iyenera kukhala mtengo weniweni wa malonda chifukwa mtengo wokwera komanso wotsika umapangitsa chiopsezo cha audit), HS code yoyenera ya chinthu chilichonse, Incoterms yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mayina ndi maadiresi a wotumiza ndi wotumiza. Mndandanda Wolongedza udzawonetsa miyeso, kulemera konse ndi koyera, kalembedwe ka kulongedza (bokosi lamatabwa kapena phale), ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, nambala ya satifiketi ya chithandizo cha ISPM 15 pa kutumiza kulikonse.
Pa kutumiza katundu wa DDP - mtundu womwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogulitsa katundu ochokera ku China kupita kwa ogula aku France - wogulitsa katundu kapena wogulitsa katundu ku France ayeneranso kupereka Chikalata Chofotokozera Chidule (ENS) motsatira dongosolo la EU la ICS2 sitimayo isananyamuke ku doko la China. Kufunika kwa chidziwitso ichi chisanafike kunapangidwa kukhala kofunikira pa kutumiza katundu m'nyanja mu 2024. Izi zikutanthauza kuti deta ya wotumiza katundu - kuphatikizapo ma code a HS, mafotokozedwe olondola ndi zambiri zonse za gulu - ziyenera kulembetsedwa ku EU musanatumize katundu, osati akafika.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimadabwitsa anthu ambiri ochokera kunja ku China ndi kufunika kwa satifiketi ya ukhondo wa zomera kapena chikalata cha ISPM 15 kuchokera ku malo ovomerezeka ku China. Ngakhale kuti anthu ochokera ku France safunikira izi kupatulapo sitampu ya IPPC pamtengowo, tikulimbikitsidwa kupeza chitsimikizo cholembedwa kuchokera kwa wopanga phukusi chomwe chikufotokoza njira yochizira, nambala ya malo, tsiku lochizira ndi mitundu ya matabwa omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapepala awa ndi ofunikira ngati katundu wasankhidwa kuti akawunikidwe ndipo zizindikiro za ISPM 15 sizikuonekera bwino kapena zikutsutsidwa.
Mayendedwe a Mayendedwe ndi Zotsatira Zake pa Miyezo Yopakira
Miyezo yonyamula katundu yomwe ili pamwambapa imagwira ntchito mosasamala kanthu za njira yotumizira katundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito koma mikhalidwe yoyendera ndi yosiyana kwambiri pakati pa kuthekera ndipo zofunikira pa phukusi zimasiyana moyenera.
Kunyamula katundu m'nyanja ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yonyamulira katundu wamkulu kuchokera ku China kupita ku France, kaya ndi katundu wodzaza ndi ziwiya (FCL) kapena katundu wocheperapo kuposa chidebe (LCL). Mayendedwe a FCL omwe alipo pano pakati pa China ndi France amasiyana kuyambira masiku 25-50, kutengera doko, ndi maulendo ataliatali a Shenzhen kapena Guangzhou kupita ku Le Havre kudzera ku Cape of Good Hope (komwe kwakhala kofala kuyambira pomwe Red Sea idasokonekera mu 2024-25). Mu chidebe cha FCL, wotumiza katunduyo ali ndi ulamuliro pa kapangidwe ka mkati ndipo angatsimikizire kuti mabokosi ndi ma pallet ali pamalo ochepetsera kuyenda. Komabe, kutumiza kwa LCL kumafuna kuphatikizana ndi katundu wina wa otumiza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zazikulu zitha kusamutsidwa zikakwezedwa ndikutsitsidwa pamalo olumikizirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katunduyo akhale wolemera kwambiri kuti athe kupirira zochitika zobwerezabwereza zogwirira ntchito.
Ndiye katundu wa njanji Kudzera mu sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe (China-EU) sitima yapamtunda ndi malo apakati pankhani ya nthawi ndi mtengo. Nthawi yoyendera kuchokera ku mizinda yaku China kupita kumayiko aku Europe ndi sitima ndi masiku 30-45 ndipo nthawi zambiri sitima imakhala yokhazikika pankhani yonyamula katundu kuposa sitima yapamadzi ya LCL. Komabe, sitima zoyendera m'misewu ya Central Asia ndi Eastern Europe zimafuna kuti anthu ambiri adutse malire; iliyonse ndi malo owunikira komwe zizindikiro za matabwa zidzayang'aniridwa. Pa kutumiza katundu waukulu pa sitima, kutsatira ISPM 15 n'kofunikanso.
Ngakhale kuti katundu wonyamula katundu m'mlengalenga sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pa katundu wolemera kwambiri, poganizira zofooka za kukula ndi kulemera kwa katundu wonyamula katundu m'mlengalenga, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mapaleti onyamula katundu m'ndege ndi zida zonyamula katundu (ULDs) nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, osati matabwa, kotero ISPM 15 siigwira ntchito pazida za wonyamula katunduyo. Komabe, bokosi lililonse lamatabwa kapena dunnage yowonjezeredwa ndi wotumiza kuti akhazikitse zinthu zomwe zili mu ULD iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi izi.
Zolakwa Zomwe Ogulitsa Ku China Amachita - ndi Momwe Mungapewere
Zofunikira zake n'zomveka bwino, koma katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku France yemwe ndi wamkulu kwambiri nthawi zambiri amachedwa kapena kukanidwa ndi akuluakulu aku France chifukwa cha mavuto a kulongedza. Zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri zimakhala mu njira zodziwikiratu.
Nkhawa yoyamba komanso yofala kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa omwe sanakonzedwe kapena kulembedwa molakwika. Mapaketi a fakitale ku China nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa osakonzedwa kapena matabwa okonzedwa okhala ndi sitampu ya IPPC yoyikidwa mbali imodzi yokha, yobisika pang'ono ndi chizindikiro cha malonda kapena ndi code yakale yomwe sigwirizananso ndi zolemba zamakono za satifiketi. Yankho ndi losavuta: gulani kwa ogulitsa omwe pakadali pano ali ndi satifiketi ya ISPM 15, ndikuyang'ana zizindikiro pa chipangizo chilichonse musanayike.
Kulephera kwachiwiri komwe kumachitika kawirikawiri ndi kusalingana kwa kukula ndi kulemera pakati pa mndandanda wa katundu wonyamula katundu ndi katundu weniweni. Katundu wamkulu nthawi zina amakhala ndi zolemera zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuyeza molondola pafakitale ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuganiza. Makampani aku France amaona kusiyana kumeneku ngati chifukwa choyang'anira katunduyo ndipo amatha kuwonjezera masiku ku njira yochotsera katunduyo ndipo angapangitse kuti pakhale ndalama zowonjezera zogwirira ntchito. Ngozi imeneyi imathetsedwa poika ndalama pakuyeza ndi kuyeza molondola pamalo opakira katundu - komanso poonetsetsa kuti mndandanda wa katundu wonyamula katundu ukugwirizana ndi zomwe zili zenizeni.
Chinthu china chomwe chikuchititsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma pallet akuluakulu omwe sakukwaniritsa miyezo ya EU. Ma parameter wamba a ma pallet aku China ndi 1100 mm x 1100 mm kapena 1200 mm x 1000 mm, omwe sagwirizana ndi muyezo wa EUR 1200 mm x 800 mm. Malo ogawa zinthu ku France sangakhale okonzeka kuthana ndi izi akafika ndipo wogulitsayo ayenera kuyikanso ma pallet ena pamtengo wowonjezera. Kwa ogulitsa kunja omwe akhazikitsa ubale wautali ndi mabizinesi aku France, ndi njira yosavuta yogwirira ntchito yokhala ndi phindu lalikulu kugwiritsa ntchito ma pallet wamba a EUR kuyambira pachiyambi.
Pomaliza, vuto lomwe limabwera nthawi zambiri ndi zikalata zosakwanira kapena zotumizidwa kale za ICS2. Dongosolo la EU lolengeza mwachidule za ICS2 limafuna kuti deta yolondola ifike isanafike, ndipo dongosololi limazindikira zolakwika mu ma code a HS, tsatanetsatane wa gulu kapena kufotokozera katundu, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwunikanso pamanja. Kugwira ntchito ndi wotumiza katundu wodziwa bwino ntchito yemwe amadziwa njira yotumizira katundu ku China komanso zofunikira zotumizira katundu ku France kungachepetse kwambiri ngoziyi.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumagwirira Ntchito Katundu Waukulu Kwambiri Kupita ku France
Topway Shipping ndi kampani yopereka mayankho azinthu zamalonda apa intaneti yomwe ili ndi likulu lake ku Shenzhen, China, ndipo idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010. Imagwira ntchito kwambiri pa katundu wamkulu komanso wamkulu kwambiri. Gulu loyambitsali lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pa ntchito zoyendetsera katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu wakunja, komanso kumvetsetsa kwakukulu panjira zopita ku China kupita ku Europe kuphatikiza France.
Chitsanzo chautumiki cha Topway Shipping chapangidwa kuti chikwaniritse mavuto omwe atchulidwa m'bukuli. Kampaniyo ili ndi malo ake osungiramo katundu ku Shenzhen ndipo imapanga zinthu zopakira mkati, kukonza ma matabwa ndi ma pallet a zinthu zazikulu. Ma pallet onse a matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe amapezedwa ndi Topway avomerezedwa ndi ISPM 15 ndi zikalata zotsimikizira kutentha zomwe zimaperekedwa pa katundu yense wotumizidwa. Izi zimachotsa malingaliro kwa ogulitsa kunja omwe alibe luso lamkati lodziyesa okha kuti akutsatira malamulo a ma pallet a fakitale yawo.
Netiweki yake yolumikizira zinthu imakhudza mayiko onse 25 a EU omwe ali mamembala a DDP kuphatikiza France, kudzera mu mgwirizano wodzipereka wotumizira katundu wa katundu wolemera kwambiri. Makamaka, Topway imapereka chilolezo cha msonkho ku France kudzera mwa othandizira omwe ali ndi ma bond ku Le Havre ndi Marseille, imayang'anira mawu ofotokozera a ICS2, ndipo imayang'anira kuwerengera mtengo wonse wa msonkho (kuphatikiza msonkho ndi French TVA (VAT pa 20%) malinga ndi malamulo a DDP). Utumiki wa Topway wa B2C wa katundu wolemera umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse ndi makasitomala omwe amatumiza masofa, ma treadmill, mipando ya ma massage, ma scooter amagetsi, zida za kukhitchini ndi zida zamafakitale kupita kumadera aku France, ndi kutumiza zinthu zolemera zomwe zimafuna malo oyambira pansi kapena kukwera.
Topway Shipping imapereka katundu wa panyanja wa FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku madoko aku China monga Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Ningbo, ndi zina zotero kupita ku madoko aku France. Kampaniyo imayendetsanso ntchito yotumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe pamene nthawi yoyendera sitima ya masiku 30 mpaka 45 ikugwirizana bwino ndi nyanja ndi mpweya. Pa katundu wambiri womwe liwiro ndi lofunika kwambiri, njira yotumizira katundu wa ndege ya Topway idzasamalira katundu mpaka malire a ndege ndi thandizo lonse la ISPM 15 pa matabwa aliwonse omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito.
Dongosolo loyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka zinthu la kampaniyo limatsata kutumiza kuyambira polandira katundu ku nyumba yake yosungiramo katundu ku Shenzhen mpaka kusaina komaliza kotumizira ku France. Kuwonekera kumeneku ndi kofunikira kwambiri kwa ogulitsa a B2C, popeza makasitomala aku France amayembekezera kulumikizana mwachangu pa nthawi yotumizira katundu. Malinga ndi deta yogwirira ntchito ya Topway, 91% ya katundu wapamadzi wa DDP kupita ku Europe watumizidwa mkati mwa nthawi ya masiku 45 mpaka 55 kuyambira nthawi yolandira katundu ku China - chizindikiro cha magwiridwe antchito chomwe chimasonyeza kudalirika kwa njira zotumizira katundu komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kukonzekera zikalata zovomerezeka pasadakhale.
Kwa makampani omwe akufuna kukulitsa ntchito zawo zonyamula katundu ku Europe, Topway Shipping ikupezeka kuti mulumikizane nawo kudzera pa tsamba lawo lawebusayiti www.topwayshipping.com.
Mndandanda Woyang'anira: Kutumiza Kwanu Kwambiri Kusanachoke ku China
Musanatsimikizire katundu aliyense wamkulu woti munyamule kupita ku France, ndi bwino kuganizira mndandanda wotsatirawu musanatumize katundu.
| Mndandanda wazinthu | kachirombo |
| Mapaketi onse a matabwa (kreti/mphaleti/dunnage) ndi okonzedwa ndi ISPM 15. | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Chidindo cha IPPC chikuwoneka mbali ziwiri zosiyana za chipangizo chilichonse chamatabwa | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Sitampu ikuphatikizapo: khodi ya dziko CN, khodi ya malo, ndi chizindikiro cha HT | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Matabwa aliwonse okonzedwa kapena owonjezeredwa akonzedwanso ndi kusindikizidwanso | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Miyeso ya mapaleti ikugwirizana ndi muyezo wa EUR (1200mm x 800mm) kapena zomwe wogula akugwirizana nazo | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Kutalika kwa katundu wonyamulidwa sikupitirira mamita 1.5 pa phale lililonse | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Invoice yamalonda ikuphatikizapo HS code yolondola, mtengo wolengezedwa, ndi Incoterms | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Mndandanda wa zolongedza umatchula kukula kwake, kulemera kwenikweni, ndi mtundu wa zolongedza | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Chidule cha ICS2 Cholengeza chaperekedwa kale ku EU Customs | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Zigawo zoopsa kapena zokhala ndi mabatire zimagawidwa bwino ndikulembedwa mayina | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Satifiketi ya chithandizo cha ISPM 15 yochokera kwa ogulitsa ma paketi ili pafayilo | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Malo okwana 5–10 cm pakati pa mapaleti omwe ali mu chidebecho amasungidwa kuti anthu azitha kulowa nawo pamisonkhano | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
| Zolemba zobwezeretsanso za Triman zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phukusi likuwoneka kwa ogula aku France | [ ] Yatsimikizika |
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza katundu wamkulu kuchokera ku China kupita ku France ndi mwayi wamalonda womwe ukupezeka kwambiri - koma umafuna chidziwitso cha kulongedza katundu chomwe sichimafunidwa nthawi zonse pa intaneti. Zipangizo zolongedza katundu, zizindikiro za katundu, kulondola kwa mapepala ndi kapangidwe ka ma CD zonse zimadalira miyezo yolondola komanso yokakamiza yomwe imayikidwa ndi miyambo yaku France, yothandizidwa ndi miyezo yonse ya EU yokhudza ukhondo wa zomera ndi zinyalala zolongedza. Ndalama zogulira ma CD poyamba zitha kukhala zambiri kuposa mtengo wosatsatira malamulo, zomwe zingaphatikizepo kutumiza mochedwa, katundu wokhazikika, ndalama zokonzanso kapena ma CD owonongeka.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ma CD a matabwa olimba ayenera kutsatira ISPM 15, mwachitsanzo, otenthedwa ndi kutentha, osindikizidwa ndi sitampu ya IPPC mbali ziwiri zotsutsana ndipo ayenera kutsagana ndi satifiketi yochokera ku fakitale yodziwika bwino yochizira ku China. Otumiza katundu ayeneranso kuonetsetsa kuti ma CDwo akugwirizana ndi kufooka ndi kulemera kwa katunduyo, kuti miyeso ya ma pallet ikugwirizana ndi zomwe European processing specifications ikufuna, kuti zikalata za msonkho ndi zolondola komanso zosungidwa kale, komanso kuti azitsatira malamulo a EPR omwe France ikusintha nthawi zonse komanso zinyalala zopakidwa.
Gwero lalikulu la kusatsimikizika limachotsedwa pogwirizana ndi kampani yopereka chithandizo cha katundu yomwe imamvetsetsa malo otumizira katundu ku China komanso malamulo olowera katundu ku France - kuphatikizapo chidziwitso cha ICS2, kayendetsedwe ka DDP ndi kutsatira malamulo okhudza kutumiza katundu wambiri. Pamene msika waukulu wa katundu ku China ku France ukukula, otumiza katundu omwe amachita zinthu motsatira malamulo a phukusi ndi omwe akupanga mabizinesi olimba komanso opindulitsa ku Europe.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi ISPM 15 imagwira ntchito pa matabwa onse omwe ndili nawo, kapena pallet yokha?
A: ISPM 15 imagwira ntchito pa zinthu zonse zamatabwa olimba zopitirira 6mm makulidwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polongedza. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma pallet, mabokosi, dunnage, ma corner blocks ndi matabwa omangira mkati mwa chidebe. Kawirikawiri, zinthu zamatabwa zokonzedwa monga plywood ndi particle board sizimachotsedwa. Komabe, chinthu chilichonse chamatabwa olimba - ngakhale chidutswa chaching'ono chomangira mu crate ya plywood - chiyenera kukonzedwa ndikuyikidwa chizindikiro.
Q: Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito mabokosi amatabwa omwe alipo kale ku fakitale yanga, kapena ndikufunika kugula atsopano ovomerezeka?
A: ISPM 15 imagwira ntchito pa zinthu zonse zamatabwa olimba zopitirira 6mm makulidwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polongedza. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma pallet, mabokosi, dunnage, ma corner blocks ndi matabwa omangira mkati mwa chidebe. Kawirikawiri, zinthu zamatabwa zokonzedwa monga plywood ndi particle board sizimachotsedwa. Komabe, chinthu chilichonse chamatabwa olimba - ngakhale chidutswa chaching'ono chomangira mu crate ya plywood - chiyenera kukonzedwa ndikuyikidwa chizindikiro.
Q: Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati phukusi langa la matabwa lalephera kuwunika kwa kasitomu ku France?
A: ISPM 15 imagwira ntchito pa zinthu zonse zamatabwa olimba zopitirira 6mm makulidwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polongedza. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma pallet, mabokosi, dunnage, ma corner blocks ndi matabwa omangira mkati mwa chidebe. Kawirikawiri, zinthu zamatabwa zokonzedwa monga plywood ndi particle board sizimachotsedwa. Komabe, chinthu chilichonse chamatabwa olimba - ngakhale chidutswa chaching'ono chomangira mu crate ya plywood - chiyenera kukonzedwa ndikuyikidwa chizindikiro.
Q: Kodi ndiyenera kudziwitsa pasadakhale za miyambo ya ku France katundu wanga asanafike?
Yankho: Inde. Pansi pa dongosolo la EU ICS2, Chilengezo cha Chidule cha Entry chiyenera kuyikidwa pasadakhale sitimayo isanachoke padoko la China. Wotumiza katundu wanu adzasamalira izi, koma amafunikira deta yoyenera—ma code olondola a HS, zambiri zonse za gulu, mafotokozedwe olondola—nthawi yayitali isananyamulidwe. Zolakwika zilizonse mu chilengezo chisanachitike zimapangitsa kuti ziwonekere ngati zikuwonekeratu.
Q: Kodi kukula kwa ma pallet ndikofunikira kwambiri pakutumiza katundu ku France?
A: Inde, makamaka potumiza katundu ku B2B kupita ku malo ogawa katundu ku France kapena m'nyumba zosungiramo katundu. Makina ambiri osungiramo katundu odziyimira pawokha ku France ndi ku Europe konse amagwiritsa ntchito mapaleti okhazikika a EUR, omwe amalemera 1200 mm x 800 mm. Kukula kwa mapaleti osakhala a muyezo kumafuna kusamalidwa ndi anthu, kumabweretsa ndalama zobwezeretsanso mapaleti ndipo kumapangitsa kuti katundu akanidwe m'malo ena. Pa kutumiza katundu ku B2C kwa mtunda womaliza, kukula kwa mapaleti sikovuta kwenikweni, chifukwa katundu nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa pa paleti kuti akaperekedwe pakhomo.
