27/07/2026

Nthawi Yoyendera Sitima ndi Yapamadzi: Kupita ku China kupita ku Poland/Germany mu Manambala Enieni

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

Funsani anthu asanu otumiza katundu kuti chidebe chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti chitenge kuchokera ku China kupita ku Poland kapena Germany, ndipo mudzalandira mayankho asanu osiyanasiyana. Ena adzakupatsani ndalama zomwe zili mu buku lanu kuchokera pa pepala la mitengo, ena adzakutetezani ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zikuphatikizapo kuchedwa kulikonse komwe kungatheke. Nthawi yoyendera panjira iyi ndi cholinga chosuntha, chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi zoopsa zachitetezo cha Nyanja Yofiira, zisankho za njira za Suez Canal, komanso netiweki ya sitima yomwe yakula mwachangu kuposa momwe ambiri otumiza katundu amadziwira. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za malonda ndikupereka zenizeni zenizeni za apanyanja ndi katundu wa njanji pakati pa China ndi misika iwiri yofunika kwambiri yolowera ku Central Europe.

Kuyerekezaku kukuyang'ana kwambiri ku Poland ndi Germany, komwe kuli malo awiri ofunikira kwambiri opitira katundu waku China omwe amadutsa mu EU, malo oimika sitima ya Malaszewicze pafupi ndi malire a Poland ndi Belarus, ndi madoko a Hamburg ndi Bremerhaven. Kaya katundu wanu amatumizidwa ndi sitima yonyamula makontena kudzera mu Suez Canal kapena ndi sitima yodutsa ku Europe, mwina chimodzi mwa zipata ziwirizi ndi gawo la dongosolo lanu la ulendo. Pansipa tikuwonetsa mawindo omwe alipo kale, fotokozani zomwe zikuyendetsa mu 2026, ndikukuthandizani kusankha njira yomwe ikugwirizana ndi unyolo wanu woperekera katundu, kutengera nthawi yofalitsidwa, deta ya doko ndi malipoti aposachedwa amakampani, osati malingaliro olakwika.

Chifukwa Chake Funso la Sitima ndi Nyanja Linakulirakulira mu 2026

katundu wapanyanja inali njira yokhazikika kwa zaka zambiri zapitazi pa chilichonse chomwe sichinali chachangu, pomwe sitima inali njira ina yabwino kwa makampani amagetsi ndi ogulitsa zida zamagalimoto omwe amafunikira liwiro popanda kulipira. katundu wonyamulira. Kuchulukana kumeneku kunachepa pamene mavuto achitetezo ku Nyanja Yofiira adatumiza gawo lalikulu la magalimoto a sitima zapamadzi ku Asia-Europe kuzungulira Cape of Good Hope, m'malo mwa Suez Canal. Magalimoto onyamula katundu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi akuwonjezera masiku pafupifupi 10 mpaka 14 paulendo womwe unkachitika mwezi umodzi ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta owonjezera kwawonjezeranso mitengo ya katundu.

Pakadali pano, sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe Railway Express, yomwe nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti netiweki ya sitima ya New Silk Road, yakhala ikukula pang'onopang'ono. Kutumiza sitima kunakwera pafupifupi 25 peresenti chaka chilichonse m'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya 2026, ndipo maulendo pafupifupi 352,100 a TEU ndi maulendo opitilira 3,500 a sitima adanenedwa munthawi imeneyo yokha, malinga ndi deta yamakampani yomwe yatchulidwa ndi RailFreight.com. Netiwekiyi lero ikugwirizanitsa matauni 128 aku China ndi mizinda 232 yaku Europe m'maiko 26 - kufikira komwe kukanawoneka kosatheka ngakhale zaka zisanu zapitazo. Kuphatikiza izi ziwirizi pamodzi ndipo sitima yapamtunda yachoka pa dongosolo lothandizira kupita ku chisankho chachikulu chomwe nthawi zambiri chimaposa katundu wapamadzi ndi milungu itatu kapena inayi.

Izi sizikutanthauza kuti katundu wa panyanja wafa. Ikusungabe bizinesi yaikulu ya makontena pakati pa China ndi Europe, ndipo pa katundu wotsika mtengo komanso wokwera kwambiri, ikadali njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri. Chomwe chasintha ndichakuti kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi, yonse munthawi komanso mtengo, ndi chinthu chomwe woyang'anira zotumiza katundu aliyense tsopano ayenera kuchipanga mwachiwonekere, osati kuganiza.

Nthawi Yoyendera Katundu Panyanja: Kupita ku China kupita ku Poland ndi Germany

Katundu wa m'nyanja wochokera ku China kupita ku Northern Europe nthawi zambiri amachoka ku Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen kapena Qingdao ndipo amafika ku Hamburg, Bremerhaven, Rotterdam kapena Gdansk. Njira yachizolowezi yodutsa mu Suez Canal ndi masiku 30 mpaka 40 kupita ku doko. Mukangowonjezera katundu woyambira, katundu wotumiza kunja, katundu wopita ku doko komanso kutumiza komaliza, nthawi yotsogolera yopita khomo ndi khomo imatha kufikira masiku 40 mpaka 50 kuti katundu yense wonyamula katundu azitumizidwa m'zidebe ndipo nthawi yayitali pang'ono yonyamula katundu wocheperako kuposa katundu wonyamula katundu wofunikira kuphatikizidwa ndikulekanitsidwa.

Kupita ku Cape of Good Hope, komwe kudzakhala koyambira kwa maulendo ambiri a sitima zapamadzi ku Asia-Europe mu 2026, kukuwonjezera masiku ena khumi mpaka khumi ndi anayi pamwamba pa ziwerengerozo. Kutumiza katundu komwe kumabwera nthawi zonse ku Hamburg m'masabata asanu tsopano kungatenge pafupifupi masiku asanu ndi awiri, ndipo kudalirika kwa nthawi m'makampani onse kwatsika ndi 60 peresenti panthawi yosokoneza kwambiri, malinga ndi malipoti. Magalimoto ena onyamula katundu akadali ndi ntchito zogawanika, pogwiritsa ntchito Suez Canal komwe kungatheke komanso njira ya Cape ngati chothandizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsimikizira chiwerengero chimodzi chokhazikika miyezi ikubwerayi.

Mawindo Omwe Amanyamula Katundu Panyanja Potengera Mtundu wa Njira

Mtundu wa Njira	Zitsanzo za Chiyambi	Kupita	Port-to-Port	Khomo ndi Khomo (FCL)
Suez Canal, yokhazikika	Shanghai, Shenzhen	Hamburg / Gdansk	masiku 30-40	masiku 40-50
Suez Canal, LCL	Ningbo, Qingdao	Hamburg / Gdansk	masiku 32-42	masiku 45-55
Ulendo wopita ku Cape of Good Hope	Shanghai, Shenzhen	Hamburg / Gdansk	masiku 42-54	masiku 50-60
Chodyera kudzera ku Rotterdam	Shenzhen, Ningbo	Gdansk (transship)	masiku 35-46	masiku 45-55

Gdansk ndiyofunika kutchulidwa mwapadera. Katundu wina wopita ku Poland amayamba kutayidwa ku Rotterdam kapena Hamburg kenako amatumizidwa ndi sitima yotumizira katundu, chifukwa sitima zazikulu zochokera ku China nthawi zambiri sizimatumikira kumeneko, zomwe zingawonjezere masiku ena atatu kapena asanu ndi limodzi pamwamba pa ziwerengero zomwe zili pamwambapa. Kutengera ndi ndondomeko ya sabata, otumiza katundu omwe amapita ku Poland nthawi zina amapeza kuti ndi kosavuta kutsika ku Hamburg ndikunyamula katundu womaliza m'malo moyembekezera ulalo wotumizira katundu ku Gdansk.

Nthawi Yoyendera Sitima: Kupita ku China kupita ku Poland ndi Germany

Sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe Railway Express imayendetsa sitima zapadera kuchokera kumadera aku China monga Chongqing, Chengdu, Xi'an, Wuhan ndi Yiwu, kudzera ku Kazakhstan kapena Mongolia, ndi kupita ku Europe kudzera pa malo otsiriza a Malaszewicze pamalire a Poland. Kuchokera pamenepo, makontena amakhala pa njanji zosinthira njanji kupita ku Warsaw ndi kupitirira apo kapena amasinthira ku magalimoto akuluakulu kuti akaperekedwe komaliza kudutsa Poland, Germany ndi misika yoyandikana nayo. "Ntchito zatsopano zokonzedwa bwino zomwe zinayambitsidwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025 ndipo zinawonjezeka mpaka 2026 zachepetsa nthawi yoyendera kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto pafupifupi ndi 30 peresenti poyerekeza ndi malo akale komanso osadziwikiratu."

Maulendo amitundu yosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri samakhala omveka bwino kuposa nthawi yeniyeni yomwe yatchulidwa. Zimatenga pafupifupi masiku 11 kuchokera ku Xi'an kupita ku Prague pa ntchito ya sabata iliyonse. Zhengzhou kupita ku Hamburg kudzera ku Alashankou zimatenganso masiku 11. Njira ya Xi'an kupita ku Budapest imayikidwa pa nthawi ya masiku 10, imodzi mwa njira zokhazikika mwachangu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Maulendo apandege omwe ali ndi ndondomeko ya masiku 14 ku Warsaw kupita ku Shijiazhuang, amauluka mwachindunji ku Poland. Njira ya sitima ya Chengdu, imodzi mwa njira zotanganidwa kwambiri pa netiweki, nthawi zambiri imatumiza katundu kumizinda ikuluikulu ya ku Europe mkati mwa masiku khumi ndi awiri mpaka khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi, muyeso wa kukula kwa ndalama zomwe mzindawu wayika mu zomangamanga zapadera zonyamula sitima.

Kuyambira mu 2022, sitima zambiri zopita kumadzulo zatenga msewu wa Southern Corridor, womwe umadutsa ku Kazakhstan, Nyanja ya Caspian ndi Azerbaijan, Georgia ndi Turkey kuti zipewe kwathunthu dziko la Russia. Njira imeneyi imatenga masiku atatu kapena asanu kuposa njira yachizolowezi yodutsa ku Russia ndi Belarus koma anthu ambiri aku Europe amaikonda kwambiri ngakhale kuti nthawi yake inali yoipa.

Zitsanzo za Nthawi Yoyendetsera Katundu wa Sitima

Origin	Kupita	Kuwoloka Malire	pafupipafupi	Nthawi Yoyenda
Xi'an	Prague	Horgos	Weekly	masiku 11
Xi'an	Budapest	Alashankou	Weekly	masiku 10
Zhengzhou	Hamburg	Alashankou	Weekly	masiku 11
Shijiazhuang	Warsaw	Erenhot	Weekly	masiku 14
Chongqing	Budapest	Alashankou	Biweekly	masiku 11
Chengdu	Duisburg / Warsaw	Alashankou / Horgos	Kangapo pa sabata	masiku 12-16

Ngati muphatikiza kuchedwa kwa magalimoto oyambira, zikalata zotumizira kunja ndi magalimoto oyenda mtunda wautali ku Europe, manambala a magalimoto opita khomo ndi khomo amakhala ataliatali. Magalimoto ambiri otumiza katundu amalipiritsa masiku 15 mpaka 25 kupita khomo ndi khomo ku Germany kapena Poland chifukwa cha sitima yanthawi zonse, ndipo malire ochepa a sitimayo amaperekedwa kwa sitima zomwe zakonzedwa bwino komanso malire akulu a sitima zomwe zikuyendabe nthawi zina zomwe sizimadziwika bwino.

Malaszewicze: Chipata Chomwe Chimasankha Nthawi Yanu

Chinthu chimodzi chomwe sichipezeka kawirikawiri m'mapepala a mitengo, koma chofunikira kwambiri, ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a sitima pamalo amodzi odutsa. Pafupifupi 85-90% ya sitima zapamtunda za China-Europe zomwe zimalowa mu EU zimadutsa pa malo ofikira a Malaszewicze kum'mawa kwa Poland, komwe makontena amasinthidwa pakati pa njira yayikulu yoyezera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kum'mawa ndi njira yoyezera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Europe konse. Pamene katundu akuwonjezeka, monga m'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya 2026 pomwe maulendo a sitima adakwera ndi 31.7 peresenti pachaka, nthawi yokhala pamalo amodzi awa ingawonjezere masiku paulendo wachangu. Otumiza omwe amakonzekera nthawi yozungulira nthawi ya sitima yomwe yatchulidwa, popanda kuletsa kuchulukana kwa sitima, nthawi zina amadabwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa nthawi ndi tsiku lenileni lotumizira.

Kuyang'anana: Zimene Manambala Enieni Amanena

Mbali imodzi ndi inayo kusiyana kwake n’kodabwitsa. Nthawi zambiri sitima zimanyamula masiku khumi ndi awiri mpaka makumi awiri mphambu asanu kupita khomo ndi khomo ku Germany kapena Poland, pomwe sitima zapamadzi zomwe zimadutsa mu Suez zimatenga masiku makumi anayi mpaka makumi asanu, komanso nthawi yayitali kwambiri sitima zikamayendayenda kuzungulira Cape of Good Hope. Kusiyana kumeneku kumakhala pakati pa masabata atatu mpaka asanu kutengera njira yeniyeni komanso momwe zinthu zilili panthawiyo.

Zochitika	Katundu Wapanyanja (Suez)	Katundu wa panyanja (njira ya ku Cape)	Kutumiza Njanji
Pokwelera-ku-terminal	masiku 30-40	masiku 42-54	masiku 10-16
Khomo ndi khomo, FCL	masiku 40-50	masiku 50-60	masiku 15-25
Ndandanda kudalirika	Pakati, osakwana 60% pa nthawi yake pa kusokonezeka kwakukulu	Kutsika, nyengo ndi njira zimadalira	Ntchito zambiri zokonzedwa bwino
Mtengo woyerekeza poyerekeza ndi LCL ya m'nyanja	Baseline	10-30% kuposa	Kukwera 2-4x
Katundu woyenera kwambiri	Katundu wolemera, wotsika mtengo, komanso wosafunika mwachangu	Mofanana ndi Suez, njira yopewera zoopsa	Zinthu zapakatikati, zotengera nthawi

Mtengo wake ndi wosiyana ndi ndalama zomwe zili m'gululi. Nthawi zambiri katundu wa sitima amakhala wokwera mtengo kawiri kapena kanayi kuposa mitengo ya LCL ya nyanja pa kiyubiki mita imodzi, ngakhale kuti amakhalabe wotsika mtengo kanayi kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi kuposa katundu wamlengalenga pa katundu wofanana. Zimenezi zimaika sitima pamalo apakati, osati mtundu wachangu komanso wokwera mtengo wa katundu wa panyanja. Pa katundu wotumizidwa kumene kusiyana kwa milungu isanu pa tsiku lofika kumatanthauza kuti zinthu zatayika, kupewa ndalama zosungiramo katundu kapena chilango chotumizira katundu, mtengo wa sitima nthawi zambiri umalipira wokha nthawi zambiri.

Zoganizira za Mtengo Kupitilira Nthawi Yoyendera Mutu

Ulendo wozungulira Cape of Good Hope sumangowonjezera masiku okha komanso mtengo wake mwachindunji. Makampani akuyerekeza kuti mtengo wowonjezera pa chidebe cha mamita 20 uli pakati pa $500 ndi $1,500, kuphatikizapo mtengo wa mafuta owonjezera omwe atenthedwa ndi ndalama zolipirira inshuwaransi yoopsa pankhondo pa ngozi iliyonse yotsala mu Nyanja Yofiira. Ma quotes a FCL ndi LCL pafupifupi pa njira iliyonse ya Asia-Europe yomwe imadutsa mu Suez akuwonetsa kukwera kwa mitengo ya katundu ndi 15 mpaka 25 peresenti kuyambira pomwe chisokonezocho chinayamba, mosatengera kampani yonyamula katundu.

Mitengo ya sitima nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhazikika chifukwa sizimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusinthasintha kwa mitengo ya mafuta komanso kusokonekera kwa ndale, pomwe kuletsa mphamvu zotumizira katundu m'nyengo yotumizira katundu, makamaka nyengo zogulira zinthu kumadzulo zisanachitike, kungapangitse mitengo ya sitima kukwera. Pa sitima nthawi zambiri ndibwino kusungitsa milungu iwiri kapena itatu isanafike nthawi yonyamuka chifukwa malo otseguka m'misewu yotanganidwa kwambiri, makamaka maulendo ochoka ku Xi'an ndi Chengdu, amadzaza mwachangu.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo Koyenera Kukonzekera

Utsi Wotuluka ndi Ngodya Yokhazikika

Otumiza katundu akuyang'ananso zambiri osati nthawi yoyendera basi. Katundu wa sitima amatulutsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide wochepa ndi 80 mpaka 90 peresenti pa tani imodzi ya kilomita kuposa katundu wa pandege ndi 30 mpaka 50 peresenti poyerekeza ndi katundu wa pamsewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale njira ina yabwino kwambiri kwa makampani omwe amatsatira mpweya woipa wa Scope 3 m'njira zawo zoperekera katundu. Katundu wa panyanja ndiye njira yotsika kwambiri yotulutsa mpweya pa unit iliyonse ya katundu wosunthidwa ikawerengedwa pa tani imodzi ya kilomita imodzi yokha, koma kusinthana ndi Cape of Good Hope kumawononga phindu limenelo pang'ono, powonjezera mtunda wa ulendo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.

Makampani ena a ndege ayamba kuyesa njira zatsopano zoyendera, kuphatikizapo njira yoyesera ya nyanja ya Arctic yolumikiza Qingdao, Shanghai ndi Ningbo ndi Rotterdam, Hamburg ndi Gdansk yomwe ingafupikitse maulendo apanyanja kufika pa masiku 18 mpaka 20, mofulumira kuposa magawo ambiri a sitima. Ntchitoyi ikadali yoyeserera, yochepetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ya ayezi komanso nthawi yogwira ntchito yochepa, kotero pakadali pano si njira yabwino yokonzekera chaka cha 2026, koma ikuwonetsa momwe malo oyendera nthawi yaulendo pa mzerewu angapitirire kusintha mwachangu.

Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti mitengo yomwe yanenedwa siili nkhani yonse. Ndalama zoyendetsera sitima, ndalama zolembera mapepala ndi ndalama zogulira katundu wakunja zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zonse koma ndizokwera poyerekeza ndi mtengo woyambira wonyamula katundu pa sitima chifukwa chakuti mtengo woyambira ndi wokwera poyamba. Poyerekeza mtengo wonse wolowera pansi, osati mtengo wonyamula katundu waukulu, kusiyana kwa chiwerengero pakati pa sitima ndi nyanja kumachepa pang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza otumiza katundu poganizira ngati kusunga nthawi kuli koyenera ndalama zina zowonjezera pa oda inayake.

Kugwirizanitsa Mtundu wa Katundu ndi Njira Yoyenera

Sizinthu zonse zomwe zimatsimikizira mtengo wa sitima, ndipo sizinthu zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa zomwe zingatenge ulendo wa panyanja wa milungu isanu ndi iwiri. Zipangizo zamagetsi, zida zamagalimoto, zinthu zamafashoni a nyengo ndi zinthu zamalonda apaintaneti zomwe zimapita ku malo ogawa ku Europe ndi magulu omwe angatsimikizire mtengo wa sitima chifukwa mtengo wa liwiro umaposa kusiyana kwa mtengo. Zinthu zazikulu, zotsika mtengo monga mipando, zipangizo zopangira, zinthu zomangira ndi zinthu zina nthawi zambiri zimakhalabe m'madzi, komwe phindu la mtengo wa katundu wa panyanja pa unit ndi lovuta kupambana.

Sitima imaikanso zoletsa zazikulu zomwe sizimayikidwa ndi katundu wa panyanja. Mizere yambiri imaletsa kapena kuletsa kutumiza mabatire a lithiamu ndi zinthu zina zoopsa, ndipo zida zapadera monga zotengera zotseguka pamwamba kapena zotchingira za flat-rack sizimapezeka kawirikawiri pa ntchito za sitima, zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi mozungulira mabokosi ang'onoang'ono a mamita 40. Ngati mutumiza zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire, zomwe zili ndi mankhwala oopsa kapena zazikulu kwambiri, katundu wa panyanja ndipo nthawi zina katundu wa pandege nthawi zambiri amakhala njira zokhazo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mosasamala kanthu kuti nthawi yoyendera sitimayo ingakhale yokongola bwanji papepala.

Kusankha Njira Yoyenera ndi Mnzanu Wodziwa Zambiri

Mukagwira ntchito ndi gulu lovuta la zida zosunthira, mtundu wa katundu, mzinda wopitako, kufunikira kwa nyengo, komanso chiopsezo cha njira zoyendera pa intaneti, kugwirizana ndi mnzanu woyendetsa katundu yemwe amayang'anira zosintha izi nthawi yeniyeni kumapanga kusiyana kwakukulu. Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka njira zoyendetsera katundu kudzera m'mabizinesi apaintaneti kuyambira mu 2010. Gulu loyambitsa ili lili ndi zaka zoposa khumi ndi zisanu zokumana nazo pantchito yoyendetsa katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu kudzera m'magalimoto, komanso kukonzekera bwino njira zoyendera katundu zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito za Topway Shipping zikuphatikizapo ntchito zonse zoyendetsera katundu zomwe katundu wochokera ku China kupita ku Europe amafunikira kwenikweni: mayendedwe oyamba kuchokera ku fakitale kapena wogulitsa, malo osungiramo katundu akunja kuti akonzedwe ndi kuphatikizika, kuchotsera katundu kumbali zonse ziwiri ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza mtunda wopita kumalo omaliza. Kwa katundu amene ali oyenera kwambiri m'madzi, Topway Shipping imaperekanso ntchito zosinthira zonyamula katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe komanso katundu wochepa kuposa chidebe cholumikizira China ndi madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kupatsa otumiza malo amodzi olumikizirana ngakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira katundu itakhala yodutsa mu njanji kudzera ku Malaszewicze kapena sitima yopita ku Hamburg. Kuwoneka kotereku nthawi zambiri ndi komwe kumasintha kufananiza kwa nthawi yoyendera kukhala katundu yemwe amafika pa nthawi yake.

Kutsiliza

Kusiyana pakati pa sitima ndi katundu wapamadzi kuchokera ku China kupita ku Poland ndi Germany sikunakhalepo kwakukulu kapena kolondola kuposa masiku ano. Ngakhale pamene Suez Canal ikuyenda bwino, zimatenga pafupifupi milungu isanu ndi umodzi kunyamula katundu kuchokera khomo ndi khomo ndi nyanja, ndipo zimakwera kufika pa milungu yoposa isanu ndi iwiri pamene sitima zimadutsa Cape of Good Hope. Komabe, sitima yapamadzi yasanduka njira yotsimikizika yotumizira katundu masiku 12 mpaka 25, yothandizidwa ndi nthawi yokhazikika komanso mphamvu yowonjezereka mwachangu. Palibe njira iliyonseyi yomwe ili yoyenera. Yoyenera imadalira kuchuluka kwa katundu wanu tsiku lililonse loyendera, ngati ingayende mwalamulo ndi sitima komanso kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe ntchito zanu zapansi zimafuna. Chofunika kwambiri ndikupanga chisankhocho kutengera ziwerengero zatsopano, zolondola, osati malingaliro akale ochokera kumsika wotumizira katundu wa isanafike 2022 womwe suliponso.

Ibibazo

Q: Kodi katundu wa sitima nthawi zonse amathamanga kuposa katundu wa panyanja wochokera ku China kupita ku Germany kapena Poland?

A: Inde, pafupifupi nthawi zonse masiku ano. Nthawi zambiri sitima imatenga masiku khumi ndi asanu mpaka makumi awiri mphambu asanu kuchokera pakhomo kupita pakhomo. Katundu wa panyanja amatha masiku makumi anayi mpaka makumi asanu paulendo wamba, nthawi yayitali ngati asinthidwa kuzungulira Cape of Good Hope.

Q: N’chifukwa chiyani katundu wa panyanja wachepa mu 2026?

A: Makampani ambiri akupewa Suez Canal ndikuyenda mozungulira Cape of Good Hope, zomwe zikuwonjezera masiku 10 mpaka 14 ndikuwonjezera ndalama zamafuta ndi inshuwalansi pa maulendo oyenda pansi omwe akhudzidwa.

Q: Kodi mitundu yonse ya katundu ingayende ndi sitima?

A: Ayi. Ma sitima ambiri amaletsa kapena kuletsa mabatire a lithiamu ndi zinthu zina zoopsa, ndipo mitundu yapadera ya ziwiya, monga chotseguka pamwamba kapena chosalala, imakhala yovuta kupeza, motero katundu wina amafunikabe kutumizidwa ndi nyanja kapena pandege.

Q: N’chifukwa chiyani katundu wambiri amadutsa ku Malaszewicze?

A: Malaszewicze ndiye siteshoni yayikulu yosinthira ma gauge pakati pa njanji yayikulu kum'mawa kwake ndi njira yoyezera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Europe konse, ndipo pakadali pano ikuyendetsa pafupifupi 85 mpaka 90 peresenti ya magalimoto a sitima ochokera ku China kupita ku Europe omwe amalowa mu EU.

Q: Kodi katundu wa sitima ndi wokwera mtengo bwanji poyerekeza ndi katundu wa panyanja?

A: Mitengo ya LCL ya panyanja nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo kawiri kapena kanayi kuposa katundu wa sitima, koma katundu wa sitima akadali wotsika mtengo kanayi kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi kuposa katundu wa pandege. Kunyamula katundu wa sitima ndi mgwirizano pakati pa liwiro ndi mtengo wa katundu wosavuta.

Q: Kodi nthawi ya chaka imakhudza nthawi yoyendera sitima ndi sitima?

A: Inde. Kusungitsa malo kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu koyambirira kuposa masiku onse kumapeto kwa Novembala ndi kumapeto kwa Januwale kumalangizidwa kuti ndi Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China ndipo nyengo yogulitsira zinthu ku Europe nthawi zambiri imafooketsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndipo mwina imawonjezera masiku angapo ochedwa.