Kutumiza Zamagetsi kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain: Mndandanda Wotsatira Malamulo
Introduction
Sikovuta kutumiza zamagetsi kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain, mosiyana ndi kuwoloka nyanja kapena kusintha ma geji a sitima. Makontena akuyenda. Katundu amabwera. Gawo lotsatira malamulo lomwe limayimira pakati pa katundu wochoka ku fakitale yaku China ndi katundu wofika mwalamulo ku shelufu ya nyumba yosungiramo katundu yaku Spain ndi lomwe limakhumudwitsa otumiza katundu mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimawawonongera ndalama ndipo nthawi zina zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukonza.
Spain ili ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri mu European Union pankhani yotumiza zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi (EEE). Kuyambira Januwale 2023, bungwe loona za misonkho ku Spain ndi bungwe loyang'anira SOIVRE akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziyimira yokha yomwe imafufuza manambala olembetsera mabatire a WEEE ndi zikalata zotsatizana ndi RoHS asanaloledwe kutumiza kulikonse kwa EEE kuchokera kudziko lina. Simungapeze chilolezo popanda nambala yolembetsa. Sipadzakhala kutulutsidwa popanda zikalata za RoHS. Dongosololi silipereka chilolezo kwa otumiza koyamba, katundu wocheperako, kapena katundu wobwera ndi ziyeneretso zogulitsa zomwe zikuwoneka zenizeni.
Malamulo a EU omwe adasintha kwambiri mu 2024 ndi 2025 ndi owonjezera pa malamulo a dziko la Spain. Mwachitsanzo, General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) inakhala yovomerezeka pa zinthu zonse za ogula pa Disembala 13, 2024. Dongosolo Lolamulira Kutumiza la EU 2 (ICS2) linakulitsidwa kuti liphatikizepo misewu ndi njanji mu Epulo 2025, ndipo linasintha kwathunthu dongosolo lakale la ICS1 mu Seputembala 2025. ICS2 mtundu 3 unakhala wovomerezeka pa February 3, 2026. Zofunikira pagawo la Battery Regulation zinasinthidwa. Ndipo akuluakulu oyang'anira msika ku EU adawonjezera kukakamiza kwawo kutumiza zinthu kuchokera ku China. Kutumiza komwe sikunatsatire malamulowo kungalipidwe chindapusa cha €100,000.
Tsamba ili ndi chida chothandiza kwa mabizinesi, otumiza kunja, ndi oyang'anira zinthu zomwe zidzatumizidwe kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain mu 2025–2026. Limafotokoza za malamulo omwe amalamulira njirayi, zofunikira za ku Spain zomwe otumiza ambiri sadziwa, mndandanda wonse wa zikalata, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri komanso zokwera mtengo, komanso momwe mungalumikizane ndi ogwira nawo ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito zotumizira kuti muyambe bwino kuyambira pachiyambi.
Ndondomeko Yoyang'anira: Malamulo Omwe Amalamulira Kutumiza Zinthu Zamagetsi
Palibe malangizo amodzi omwe amakhudza zamagetsi zonse zomwe zimachokera ku China kupita ku Spain. M'malo mwake, ayenera kutsatira malamulo ndi malangizo ambiri a EU. Njira yolembera CE ndi sitepe yoyamba, komabe kulemba CE si satifiketi imodzi yokha. Ndi chiganizo chakuti chinthu chimakwaniritsa malamulo onse a EU omwe analipo pamene chinagulitsidwa pamsika. Kutengera mtundu wa chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe mukutumiza, mungafunike kutsatira malamulo awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu.
Lamulo la Low Voltage Directive (LVD, 2014/35/EU) limagwira ntchito pa zipangizo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pakati pa 50V ndi 1,000V AC kapena 75V mpaka 1,500V DC; Lamulo la Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (EMC, 2014/30/EU) limagwira ntchito pa zipangizo zonse zamagetsi ndipo limati siziyenera kutulutsa kusokoneza kwa maginito owopsa kapena kukhala osamala kwambiri ndi izi; ndipo Lamulo la Radio Equipment Directive (RED, 2014/53/EU) limagwira ntchito pa chinthu chilichonse chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa wailesi, monga Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, kulumikizana kwa mafoni, GPS, ndi ma protocol ena ofanana. Zipangizo zambiri zomwe anthu amagula masiku ano zili ndi gawo limodzi la wailesi, chifukwa chake kutsatira malamulo a RED ndikofunikira kwambiri pamsika wonse.
Ogulitsa kunja akuyeneranso kuthana ndi RoHS (2011/65/EU), yomwe imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena owopsa, monga lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, ndi ma phthalates anayi omwe adayambitsidwa mu 2019. REACH (EC 1907/2006) ikuwonjezera malamulo ambiri okhudza mankhwala. WEEE (2012/19/EU) imapangitsa opanga zinyalala zamagetsi kukhala ndi udindo waukulu pa zomwe amapanga. General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR, EU 2023/988) idatenga malo a General Product Safety Directive yakale mu Disembala 2024. Inawonjezera malamulo ena, monga kufuna kuti munthu wodalirika wa EU adziwike komanso kutsatira zinthu za digito pazinthu za ogula.
| Malangizo / Malamulo | Dzina lonse | Ikugwira Ntchito Kwa | Chofunika Kwambiri |
| Kulemba kwa CE | Malangizo osiyanasiyana a EU (LVD, EMC, RED, ndi zina zotero) | Zambiri zamagetsi | Ikani chizindikiro cha CE; sungani Chikalata Chotsimikizira Kutsatira |
| LVD (2014/35/EU) | Low Voltage Directive | Zipangizo 50V–1,000V AC / 75V–1,500V DC | Kuyesa chitetezo; fayilo yaukadaulo; DoC |
| EMC (2014/30/EU) | Malangizo Ogwirizana ndi Magetsi | Zipangizo zonse zamagetsi | Kuyesa kwa labu ya EMC; palibe kusokoneza koyipa |
| YOFIIRA (2014/53/EU) | Malangizo a Wailesi | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, zipangizo zam'manja | Kutsatira ma radio spectrum; bungwe lodziwitsidwa nthawi zambiri limafunika |
| RoHS (2011/65/EU) | Kuletsa Zinthu Zowopsa | Zonse EEE | Malire apamwamba pa Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr6+, PBB, PBDE, ndi zina zotero. |
| WEEE (2012/19/EU) | Zinyalala Zipangizo Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi | Opanga / otumiza kunja onse a EEE | Lembetsani ndi ndondomeko ya Spanish WEEE; onetsani chizindikiro cha cross-bin |
| FIKIRANI (EC 1907/2006) | Kulembetsa, Kuwunika, Kuvomereza & Kuletsa Mankhwala | Zinthu zomwe zili ndi zinthu zoletsedwa | Chilengezo cha SVHC; SDS ngati n'koyenera |
| GPSR (EU 2023/988) | General Product Safety Regulation | Zinthu zonse za ogula kuyambira Disembala 2024 | Kutsata pa intaneti; Munthu wodalirika wa EU ndi wofunikira |
| Malamulo a Mabatire (EU 2023/1542) | EU Battery Regulation | Zogulitsa zokhala ndi mabatire omangidwa mkati/akunja | Pasipoti ya batri (yosinthidwa pang'onopang'ono); zilembo; zambiri zomwe zagwiritsidwanso ntchito |
Chinthu chimodzi chomwe chimadabwitsa ogulitsa aku China komanso ogula awo aku Europe nthawi zonse ndichakuti wogulitsa ku EU, osati wopanga waku China, ndiye amene ali ndi udindo wonse wotsatira malamulo. Pamene chinthu chapangidwa kunja kwa EU ndikubweretsedwa ku EU, wogulitsa amaonedwa kuti ndiye wopanga chifukwa chotsatira malamulo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungapereke mwalamulo udindo wotsatira malamulo kwa wogulitsa wanu waku China. Ngati chinthu chomwe sichikukwaniritsa miyezo chifika pamsika waku Spain, wogulitsayo adzayenera kuthana ndi lamulo loti chibwezedwe, kufufuza za msika, komanso chindapusa.
Gawo Lapadera Lokakamiza ku Spain: Kulembetsa kwa SOIVRE ndi WEEE
Mayiko onse omwe ali mamembala a EU amatsatira malamulo ofanana, koma Spain ili ndi njira yokhwima kwambiri yotsatirira malire ake yomwe otumiza katundu ayenera kudziwa asanatumize katundu wawo woyamba kuchoka ku China.
Bungwe loyang'anira malonda ndi khalidwe la Spain, lomwe ndi njira yowunikira ya SOIVRE, limagwira ntchito ndi Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT), yomwe imayang'anira misonkho ndi misonkho. Mabungwe onsewa ndi mbali ya Unduna wa Zamalonda, Zamalonda, ndi Zokopa alendo. Otumiza onse a EEE, mabatire, ndi ma accumulators ochokera kumayiko ena ayenera kuyika nambala yawo yolembetsa ya Spanish WEEE (nambala ya RAEE) mu portal yolumikizana ya custom-SOIVRE katundu asanafike. Izi zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira pa Januware 16, 2023. Dongosololi limafufuza kaundula wa dzikolo zokha. Phukusi silingatulutsidwe ngati nambala yolembetsa ikusowa, yolakwika, kapena yatha.
Komanso, katunduyo ayenera kukhala ndi zikalata zotsatizana ndi RoHS, osati kungopezeka pokhapokha ngati apempha. SOIVRE silola kuti katunduyo adutse kudzera mu kasitomu mpaka itatsimikiza kuti ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse. Otumiza katundu omwe azolowera malamulo osakhwima mpaka 2023 adzadabwa kwambiri pankhani yogwira ntchito. Katunduyo akhoza kukhalabe m'madoko a Valencia kapena Barcelona kwa masiku kapena milungu ingapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zosungiramo katundu ndi zochepetsera ndalama ziwonjezeke pomwe vuto lotsatira malamulo lomwe liyenera kukonzedwa lisananyamuke limathetsedwa mwachangu.
| Chilolezo | tsatanetsatane | Zotsatira Zosatsatira |
| Kulembetsa kwa WEEE (RAEE) | Ogulitsa kunja ayenera kulembetsa ndi dongosolo la RAEE la ku Spain asanatumizidwe. Nambala yolembetsa iyenera kulembedwa mu dongosolo la SOIVRE/customs joint. | Katundu wosungidwa pamisonkhano; kutulutsidwa kwaletsedwa ndi SOIVRE |
| Umboni wa Zolemba za RoHS | Zolemba zokhudzana ndi RoHS ziyenera kutsagana ndi katunduyo ndipo ziyenera kuperekedwa ngati gawo la chilolezo chisanachitike. SOIVRE imatsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi malamulo a kasitomu asanatulutse katundu. | Katundu wosungidwa; kuwonongedwa kapena kutumizidwanso kunja kwa dziko |
| Chilolezo cha SOIVRE | Kuyambira pa Januware 16, 2023, zinthu zonse zochokera ku EEE zochokera kumayiko ena (kuphatikiza China) ziyenera kutsimikizira kuti katunduyo ndi wolondola (SOIVRE) asanatulutse katunduyo ku Spain. | Kuchedwa kwa masiku mpaka masabata; ndalama zosungira zimasonkhana |
| Munthu Wodalirika wa EU | Malinga ndi GPSR (kuyambira pa Disembala 13, 2024), munthu wodalirika wokhazikitsidwa ku EU ayenera kutchulidwa pa zinthu zonse zamagetsi zomwe ogula amagwiritsa ntchito. Zambiri zolumikizirana ziyenera kuwonekera pa chinthucho kapena phukusi. | Chogulitsacho sichiloledwa kulowa mumsika wa EU; chindapusa cha mpaka €100,000 |
| Nambala ya EORI | Wotumiza katundu ku EU ayenera kukhala ndi nambala yovomerezeka ya EORI. Yofunikira pa zolengeza zonse za kasitomu ku Spain ndi ku EU konse. | Kutumiza sikungathe kuchotsera msonkho popanda msonkho |
Dongosolo la SOIVRE makamaka limayang'ana kufika kwa katundu wa m'madzi pakali pano, koma ofesi ya kasitomu ku Spain ikunena kuti pamapeto pake idzaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya mayendedwe. Chifukwa kuchuluka kwa katundu wa njanji Pakati pa China ndi Europe kudzera ku malo ofikira sitima ku Abronígal ku Madrid, anthu ochokera kunja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya sitima ayenera kutsatira malamulo omwewo katundu wawo asanafike monga momwe amachitira anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito katundu wapamadzi.
Mndandanda Wonse wa Zolemba
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chikuchedwetsa kutumiza katundu ndi kasitomu pa msewu wa China-Spain ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi mapepala. Vuto silakuti pepala limodzi ndi lovuta kulimvetsa lokha. Pali zikalata zambiri, ndipo zonse ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana. Zina ziyenera kukhala zokonzeka bwino musananyamuke, ndipo zina ziyenera kutumizidwa pakompyuta kudzera m'mawebusayiti ena ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi mwayi wodziwa bwino makina. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa mapepala onse omwe wotumiza zinthu zamagetsi ayenera kukhala nawo kuti anyamule katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain.
| Ndemanga | Zofunika Kwambiri | Zasungidwa Kuti Zigwiritsidwe Ntchito |
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Mtengo wolengezedwa (USD kapena EUR), HS code, zambiri za wogula/wogulitsa, Incoterms, dziko lochokera | zaka 10 |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Kulemera kwa chinthu ndi chinthu, kukula kwake, kuchuluka kwake, HS code; ziyenera kufanana ndi invoice yake ndendende | zaka 10 |
| Bill of Lading / AWB | Chikalata cha udindo choperekedwa ndi wonyamula katundu; tsatanetsatane wa wotumiza katundu; zizindikiro ndi manambala zikugwirizana ndi mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu | zaka 5 |
| Chilengezo cha EU cha Kutsatira Malamulo (DoC) | Alemba malangizo onse oyenera; tsatanetsatane wa wopanga/wotumiza katundu; wosaina wovomerezeka; malo ndi tsiku | zaka 10 |
| Fayilo Yaukadaulo ya CE | Malipoti a mayeso, kuwunika zoopsa, zojambula za mapangidwe, miyezo yogwirizana yogwiritsidwa ntchito, buku la ogwiritsa ntchito m'zilankhulo zoyenera za EU | zaka 10 |
| Chikalata Chotsatira RoHS | Ayenera kutsagana ndi katunduyo; akutsimikizira malire a zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa malinga ndi Annex II ya 2011/65/EU | zaka 10 |
| Nambala Yolembetsera ya WEEE / RAEE | Nambala yolembetsera ya Spanish WEEE scheme; idalowetsedwa mu SOIVRE/customs joint portal isanafike | Kupitirira |
| Satifiketi Yoyambira (Fomu A / EUR.1) | Zofunikira pakupereka msonkho wapadera motsatira malamulo amalonda a EU-China; zoperekedwa ndi custom yaku China kapena CCPIT | zaka 3 |
| Chilengezo cha Chidule cha Kulowa kwa ICS2 (ENS) | Imasungidwa pa intaneti osachepera maola 24 musanayike (panyanja) kapena musananyamuke (ndege/msewu/njanji); ma HS code athunthu a manambala 6 amafunika | Chosungira katundu wonyamula katundu/wonyamula katundu |
| MSDS / SDS (ngati mabatire kapena mankhwala) | Chikalata Chosungira Zinthu; chofunikira pa mabatire a lithiamu ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi mankhwala oletsedwa pansi pa REACH | zaka 10 |
Pali mfundo zingapo zofunika kuziganizira. Wopereka chithandizo waku China sangangopanga Chikalata Chovomereza Chigwirizano cha EU kamodzi kokha ndikugwiritsa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Panthawi yomwe malondawo aikidwa pamsika wa EU, ayenera kufotokoza bwino malamulo onse oyenera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikusinthidwa nthawi iliyonse lamulo likasintha, ndipo lamuloli lasintha kwambiri mu 2024 ndi 2025. GPSR yabweretsa magawo atsopano ofunikira ku DoC pazinthu za ogula. Izi zikuphatikizapo zambiri zolumikizirana ndi munthu wodalirika wa EU.
Chikalata cha Chidule cha ICS2 ndi fayilo yachitetezo yomwe iyenera kutumizidwa ku dongosolo la kasitomu la EU, makamaka AEAT pankhani ya Spain, zinthuzo zisananyamulidwe mu ndege (kwa katundu wonyamulira) kapena sitima isanafike (ya panyanja ndi sitima). ICS2 mtundu 3, womwe udzafunika kuyambira pa February 3, 2026, ukufunika zambiri kuposa mitundu yakale. Mwachitsanzo, ikufunika ma code athunthu a HS azinthu zonse zomwe zili mu katundu. Simungathenso kutumiza khodi ya manambala 4 kapena yofanana nayo; izi zingayambitse kusungidwa kapena kukanidwa.
Kuzindikira kwa CE mozama: Zomwe Ziyenera Kuchitikadi
Kuzindikira Malangizo Ogwira Ntchito
Chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mutsatire CE ndikupeza malangizo omwe akugwirizana ndi malonda anu. Mwachitsanzo, sipika ya Bluetooth yomwe siifuna waya nthawi zambiri imayenera kutsatira malamulo a RED (ukadaulo wa wailesi), EMC (kusokoneza kwamagetsi), LVD (ngati ikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi opitilira malire otsika a voltage), RoHS (zinthu zoopsa), WEEE (zinyalala), komanso mwina Battery Regulation (ngati ili ndi selo yotha kubwezeretsanso). Pali njira zingapo zowunikira kuti ikutsatira malamulo, miyezo yomwe ili yofanana pa malangizo onse, ndi mapepala omwe amafunikira pa malangizo aliwonse. Ngati mwaphonya malangizo amodzi, si cholakwika chaching'ono; zimapangitsa kuti chizindikiro chonse cha CE chikhale chosayenera.
Kudzitsimikizira Kudzidziwitsa Kumbali Yodzidziwitsa Kutenga nawo Mbali kwa Thupi
Pa zinthu zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chochepa zomwe zili pansi pa LVD ndi EMC, wopanga kapena wotumiza kunja akhoza kudziyesa yekha kuti akugwirizana ndi zomwe akufuna mwa kudzidziwitsa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mulemba ntchito kampani yoyesera, kuyika zikalata zaukadaulo, ndikupereka Chikalata Chogwirizana popanda kutenga munthu wina. Bungwe Lodziwitsa la EU liyenera kuphatikizidwa m'magulu azinthu zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, monga zida za wailesi zomwe zili pansi pa RED m'makonzedwe ena, zida zamankhwala zogwira ntchito, zida zodzitetezera, ndi makina. Mayiko omwe ali mamembala a EU amapatsa Mabungwe Odziwitsa mphamvu zochitira kuwunika kotsatira malamulo. Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zodziwika bwino komanso zodula kwambiri pamalonda a China-EU ndikugwiritsa ntchito labu yaku China yomwe imati ndi Bungwe Lodziwitsa koma silili pa database yovomerezeka ya EU ya NANDO. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mpaka 80% ya kuchedwa kutumiza kumachitika chifukwa cha zolemba zabodza kapena zosakwanira za CE.
Fayilo Yaukadaulo
Fayilo yaukadaulo iyenera kupezeka pa katundu aliyense wolembedwa ndi CE. Sikuyenera kutumizidwa kwa akuluakulu aliwonse, koma akuluakulu oyang'anira msika angapemphe kuti ipangidwe mwachangu. Fayilo yaukadaulo yokhazikika ya zamagetsi ili ndi kapangidwe ka malonda ndi zojambula zapadera, kuwunika zoopsa, malipoti oyesa kuchokera ku labu yovomerezeka, mndandanda wa miyezo yogwirizana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, Chikalata Chovomereza, ndi malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito m'chilankhulo chovomerezeka cha dziko lililonse la EU komwe malondawo amagulitsidwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Spain ikufunika malangizo m'Chisipanishi mwalamulo. Ogulitsa kunja ambiri aku China amangopereka zikalata za Chingerezi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo mwalamulo mpaka kafukufuku wowunikira msika atawonetsa.
Zolakwa Zofala Zomwe Zimawononga Ogulitsa Zinthu Zakunja Kwambiri
Popeza malo otsatira malamulo ndi ovuta kwambiri, zolakwika zina zimachitika kawirikawiri kotero kuti ziyenera kulembedwa padera. Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa momwe zolakwa zofala kwambiri zimakhudzira anthu m'moyo weniweni komanso momwe mungapewere kuzipanga.
| Common Kulakwitsa | Mmene Mungapewere Izi |
| Kulandira chizindikiro cha CE choperekedwa ndi ogulitsa pamtengo wake weniweni | Tsimikizani nambala ya Thupi Lodziwitsidwa pa database yovomerezeka ya NANDO ya EU. Wotumiza kunja wa EU ali ndi udindo wonse mwalamulo mosasamala kanthu za zomwe wogulitsa akunena. |
| Kulembetsa kwa WEEE / RAEE kukusowa musanatumize | Lembetsani ku dongosolo la RAEE la ku Spain pasadakhale ndipo lembani nambala yolembetsa mu SOIVRE portal musananyamuke ku China. |
| Makhodi a HS olakwika kapena osakwanira pa zikalata za kasitomu | Gwiritsani ntchito ma CN code athunthu a manambala 10 polengeza za kasitomu ku EU. Tsimikizani kudzera mu database ya EU ya TARIC. Ma code olakwika amachititsa kuti anthu azilandira ndalama ndi kulipira. |
| Palibe Munthu Woyang'anira wa EU wotchulidwa pa chinthucho | Pansi pa GPSR (yovomerezeka kuyambira Disembala 2024), munthu wachilengedwe kapena wovomerezeka yemwe adakhazikitsidwa ku EU ayenera kudziwika pa malonda kapena phukusi ndi tsatanetsatane wonse wolumikizirana. |
| Kulephera kupereka ICS2 ENS musanatumize | Sankhani wotumiza katundu kapena wothandizira wa kasitomu wokhala ndi mwayi wolowa mu dongosolo la ICS2 kuti apereke Chikalata Chofotokozera Chidule cha Entry. ICS2 v3 ndi yofunikira kuyambira pa 3 Feb, 2026. |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chodzitsimikizira pa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri | Zinthu monga zida za wailesi (Wi-Fi/Bluetooth), zipangizo zachipatala, ndi PPE nthawi zambiri zimafuna bungwe lodziwitsa la EU. Yang'anani njira yowunikira momwe zinthu zilili mu malangizo oyenera. |
| Chilengezo cha RoHS sichikupezeka pa kutumiza | Kugwirizana kwa RoHS kuyenera kulembedwa ndi katunduyo — osati kokha ngati apempha. SOIVRE idzaletsa kutulutsidwa popanda izo. |
Kufunika kwa munthu wodziyimira pawokha wa GPSR komwe kudzayamba kugwira ntchito pa Disembala 13, 2024 ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chomwe anthu sachiganizira mokwanira. Lamulo latsopanoli likuti chinthu chilichonse chogulitsidwa ku EU chiyenera kukhala ndi munthu wodziyimira pawokha yemwe dzina lake, dzina lolembetsedwa lamalonda, adilesi ya positi, tsamba lawebusayiti, ndi adilesi ya imelo zimasindikizidwa pa chinthucho kapena phukusi lake. Munthuyu akhoza kukhala munthu wachilengedwe kapena wovomerezeka wokhala ku EU. Uku ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa ogulitsa aku China omwe ankagulitsa mwachindunji kwa ogula aku Spain kapena nsanja zopanda bizinesi yochokera ku EU. Tsopano akufunika kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa EU kapena kulemba ntchito wothandizira wovomerezeka. Kaya ali ndi chizindikiro cha CE kapena ayi, zinthu zomwe sizikukwaniritsa muyezo uwu sizingalowe mwalamulo mumsika wa EU.
Kusankha Njira Yoyenera Yotumizira: Zotsatira Zotsatira
Sikuti njira yotumizira yokha ndi yomwe imagwira ntchito (katundu wapanyanja(kutumiza katundu wa pandege, kapena sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe) zimakhudza mtengo ndi nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti ikafike kumeneko, komanso zimakhudzanso kayendetsedwe ka ntchito kotsatira malamulo. Pali nthawi yomaliza yoperekera ma fomu ya ICS2 ENS ndi zofunikira za deta pa njira iliyonse.
Pa katundu wa panyanja, womwe ukadali njira yodziwika bwino yosamutsira zamagetsi kuchokera ku Shenzhen, Guangzhou, kapena Shanghai kupita ku madoko a Valencia kapena Barcelona, ENS iyenera kutumizidwa sitimayo isanafike padoko loyamba la EU lolowera. Nthawi yoyendera nthawi zonse kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China kupita ku Spain ndi masiku 28 mpaka 35. Izi zimapatsa otumiza nthawi yokwanira kuti mapepalawo akhale okonzeka, koma kuchuluka ndi zovuta za mapepalawo zikutanthauza kuti nthawi ino siyenera kuonedwa ngati nthawi yowonjezera.
Pa katundu wa pandege, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza zinthu mwachangu, zamtengo wapatali, kapena zamagetsi zazing'ono, deta yocheperako ya ENS iyenera kuperekedwa katunduyo asananyamulidwe ku eyapoti yomwe idachokera ku China. Nthawi imeneyi ndi yovuta kukwaniritsa, chifukwa chake wogulitsa katundu waku China, wotumiza katundu, ndi wogula wa EU adzafunika kugwira ntchito limodzi. Kasitomu amaganiziranso kwambiri katundu wa pandege chifukwa ndi wachangu komanso wofunika kwambiri.
Kuyambira pa Epulo 1, 2025, katundu yense wa sitima pakati pa China ndi Europe ayenera kulembetsa mafomu a ICS2 ENS. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chiwerengero cha mizinda yaku China yomwe ingafikidwe ndi sitima chawonjezeka ndi 9% pachaka kuyambira 2025. Mpaka lero, katundu wa sitima amene amafika ku malo osungira katundu ku Abronígal ku Madrid ayenera kuyesedwanso chimodzimodzi za chitetezo asanafike kumeneko monga katundu wa panyanja ndi wa pandege. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja omwe amagwiritsa ntchito sitima kuti agwire ntchito pamsika wa Spain ayenera kutsatira malamulo omwewo a mapepala, ngakhale zitatenga masiku 18 mpaka 21 kuti akafike kumeneko.
Kugwira Ntchito ndi Topway Shipping: Thandizo Lotsatira Malamulo Kuyambira Kumapeto mpaka Kumapeto
Nkhaniyi ikunena za miyezo yotsatizana ndi malamulo yomwe si yosankha ndipo si yosavuta kuigwira kuchokera ku fakitale yaku China kapena bizinesi yotumiza katundu ku Spain yomwe siidziwa bwino za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi malamulo olowera m'malire. Mapepalawa ndi ambiri, nthawi yomaliza ndi yochepa, ndipo zilango zopanga cholakwika—monga kutumiza katundu ku Spain, zoletsa za SOIVRE pa kutulutsidwa kwa EEE, njira zotsatirira GPSR, ndi kufufuza za msika—ndizokwera kwambiri.
Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen ndipo yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2010, imapereka phindu mwachangu pankhaniyi. Topway ili ndi gulu loyambitsa lomwe lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsera msonkho wa misonkho. Amadziwa zomwe zimafunika kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China ndikutumiza ku Europe, zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwa ogwira ntchito osadziwa zambiri. Ntchito zake zimakhudza unyolo wonse wa katundu, kuyambira gawo loyamba la mayendedwe kuchokera ku fakitale kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku China mpaka kuchotsera msonkho wathunthu wa misonkho ndi kukonzekera zikalata kumapeto kwa China, mpaka kuyang'anira katundu panyanja kapena pandege kupita ku Spain, mpaka kuchotsera msonkho wa misonkho komwe ku Spain kukupita, ndipo pamapeto pake mpaka kutumiza katundu womaliza ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu, Amazon FBA, kapena adilesi ya kasitomala.
Ponena za zamagetsi, zomwe Topway adakumana nazo zimathandiza kwambiri panthawi yolemba zikalata asananyamuke. Kuonetsetsa kuti invoice yamalonda ili ndi ma code oyenera a CN commodity a manambala 10, kuti chiganizo cha RoHS chikugwirizana ndi katunduyo, kuti nambala yolembetsa ya WEEE RAEE yalowetsedwa mu SOIVRE portal kutumiza kusanafike, komanso kuti ICS2 ENS yaperekedwa ndi chidziwitso chonse choyenera ndi ntchito zonse zomwe zimafunikira chidziwitso cha malamulo komanso mwayi wopeza makinawo. Mwachitsanzo, wotumiza katundu yemwe alibe mwayi wopeza makina a ICS2 sangatumize ENS mwachindunji ndipo ayenera kudalira munthu wina, zomwe zingayambitse kuchedwa ndi mavuto olankhulana.
Topway imatumizanso makontena odzaza (FCL) ndi makontena osadzaza (LCL) kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi, monga Valencia ndi Barcelona. LCL imalola ogulitsa zamagetsi kutumiza katundu wotsatira malamulo komanso woyendetsedwa mwaukadaulo pamtengo wotsika kuposa kudzaza kontena yonse paulendo uliwonse. Kaya katunduyo ndi wamkulu kapena wamng'ono bwanji, malamulo omwewo olembera zikalata amagwira ntchito.
Zofunikira pa Zolemba: Zomwe Ziyenera Kuwonekera pa Chogulitsa ndi Mapaketi
Kulemba zilembo ndi pamene kutsatira malamulo kumakhala koona komanso kosatha. Chinthu chikafika ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Spain, chizindikirocho chimakhala cholondola kapena cholakwika. Kuchikonza nthawi imeneyo kumakhala kokwera mtengo ndipo nthawi zambiri sikungatheke popanda kubwezeretsanso katunduyo.
Chizindikiro cha CE chiyenera kukhala cholumikizidwa bwino, chokhazikika, komanso chowonekera bwino ku chinthucho pa zamagetsi zomwe zili ndi chizindikiro cha CE. Ngati izi sizingatheke chifukwa cha kukula kapena mtundu wa chipangizocho, chiyenera kulumikizidwa ku phukusi ndi zikalata zilizonse zogwirizana nazo. Chizindikirocho chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni za kukula zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo a EU. Kutalika kocheperako ndi 5mm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mkati kuyenera kufanana ndi gridi yomwe idaperekedwa. Ngakhale chinthucho chikugwirizana ndiukadaulo, sichikwaniritsa zofunikira pakulemba ngati chizindikirocho ndi chaching'ono kwambiri, chosagawidwa bwino, kapena cholembedwa mu mtundu womwe umapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwerenga.
Kuwonjezera pa chizindikiro cha CE, katundu kapena phukusili liyeneranso kukhala ndi dzina ndi adilesi ya wopanga kapena munthu wodalirika wa EU, dzina la chinthucho kapena nambala ya chitsanzo, nambala ya batch kapena serial yotsatirira, ndi chikwangwani cha WEEE crossed-out wheeled bin cha EEE yonse. Chidule cha mayeso a batri a UN 38.3 ndi zilembo zoyenera zowopsa ziyeneranso kukhala pazida zomwe zili ndi mabatire a lithiamu. GPSR imati mndandanda uliwonse wazinthu pa intaneti uyeneranso kukhala ndi chidziwitso chotsata. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutsatira malamulo olembera ndikofunikira osati pamalire enieni okha komanso pamsika wa digito.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza zamagetsi kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain ndi njira yomwe imapatsa mphoto kukonzekera ndi kulanga anthu omwe akuganiza molakwika. Malamulowa ndi omveka bwino, ogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso owonedwa mosamala. Akuphatikizapo kuyika chizindikiro cha CE m'malangizo osiyanasiyana, RoHS, kulembetsa kwa WEEE/RAEE, REACH, GPSR, fayilo ya ICS2 ENS, ndi gawo la Spain la SOIVRE. Mu 2025 ndi 2026, kukakamiza kwakhala kokhwima, nthawi yomaliza yafupika, ndipo malamulo atsopano ayamba kugwira ntchito omwe ogulitsa ambiri akuyeserabe kutsatira.
Uku ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri pakuganiza kwa kampani iliyonse yomwe imabweretsa zamagetsi kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain: kutsatira malamulo si gawo lomaliza lisanatumizidwe kunja. Ndi chiyambi. Chikalata Chotsimikizira Kutsatira Malamulo chisanagulitsidwe ku EU, chiyenera kulembedwa. Kutumiza kusanachoke, kulembetsa kwa WEEE kuyenera kukhalapo. Kutengera momwe katunduyo akunyamulidwira, ICS2 ENS iyenera kuperekedwa isananyamulidwe kapena kufika. Chinthucho chisanatumizidwe, chiyenera kukhala ndi dzina la munthu wodalirika wa EU. Zimatengera nthawi ndi chidziwitso kuti zinthuzi zichitike bwino kuyambira pachiyambi. Zimawononga ndalama zambiri kuti zinthu zisokonekere pamalire.
Si ntchito yapamwamba kugwira ntchito ndi ogwirizana nawo pa nkhani za katundu omwe amadziwa kutsatira malamulo aku China otumiza katundu kunja komanso malamulo a EU otumiza katundu kunja, kuphatikizapo malamulo a SOIVRE aku Spain. M'malamulo omwe alipo panopa, ndi njira yocheperako yotumizira zinthu zamagetsi kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain popanda kuchedwa, kutsekeredwa, ndi kuphwanya malamulo zomwe zingayambitse kubweza katundu wonse.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi chizindikiro cha CE ndi chofunikira pa zamagetsi zonse zotumizidwa kuchokera ku China kupita ku Spain?
A: Inde, pa zinthu zamagetsi zilizonse zomwe zimagwera pansi pa malamulo a EU. Izi zikuphatikizapo pafupifupi zida zonse za ogula ndi zamabizinesi. Kuti agulitse zinthu mwalamulo mu EU, ayenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha CE. Dongosolo la SOIVRE la Spain limayang'ana ngati zikutsatira malamulo pamalire. Ndi ntchito ya wotumiza kunja, osati ya wopanga waku China, kuonetsetsa kuti malondawo akukwaniritsa miyezo ya CE.
Q: Kodi SOIVRE ndi chiyani ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ili yofunika potumiza zamagetsi ku Spain?
A: SOIVRE ndi bungwe ku Spain lomwe limayang'ana malonda ndi khalidwe. Kuyambira Januwale 2023, lakhala likuyendetsa malo ogwirizana okha ndi milatho yaku Spain yomwe imafufuza manambala olembetsera a WEEE/RAEE ndi zikalata zotsatizana ndi RoHS asanalole kutumiza kulikonse kwa EEE kuchokera kudziko lina kupita. Katunduyo sadzachotsedwa pokhapokha ngati ali ndi nambala yovomerezeka ya RAEE mu dongosololi komanso mapepala a RoHS.
Q: Kodi chinasintha n’chiyani ndi General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) mu 2024?
A: GPSR idalowa m'malo mwa General Product Safety Directive yakale pa Disembala 13, 2024. Kwa ogulitsa zinthu zamagetsi ochokera kunja, kusintha kwakukulu kukuphatikizapo kuti chinthucho kapena phukusi lake liyenera kukhala ndi dzina ndi zambiri zolumikizirana za Munthu Woyang'anira EU; misika yapaintaneti iyenera kukhala yokhoza kutsatira zinthu mosamala kwambiri; ndipo zilango zosatsatira malamulo zapita kwambiri, ndi chindapusa cha €100,000. Ogulitsa kunja aku China omwe amagulitsa mwachindunji kwa makasitomala a EU popanda bungwe lokhazikitsidwa ndi EU ayenera kulemba ntchito wothandizira wovomerezeka.
Q: Kodi ICS2 ndi chiyani ndipo kodi Chidziwitso cha Chidule cha Entry chiyenera kuperekedwa liti?
A: ICS2 ndi njira yoyendetsera katundu wa EU mu Import Control System 2, yomwe ndi njira yoperekera mafomu achitetezo katundu asanafike. ENS iyenera kuperekedwa sitimayo isanafike pa doko loyamba la EU la katundu wa m'madzi. Musanayike katundu, deta yochepa iyenera kuperekedwa ya katundu wa m'mlengalenga. Kupereka katundu ndikofunikira musanafike pa msewu ndi sitima (kuyambira mu Epulo 2025). Kuyambira pa February 3, 2026, ICS2 v3 ikufunika ndipo zinthu zonse ziyenera kukhala ndi ma HS code athunthu a manambala 6.
Q: Kodi satifiketi ya CE ya wogulitsa waku China ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi wogulitsa wa ku EU?
A: Zimadalira. Ngati mukubweretsa chinthu chokhazikika chomwe chinapangidwa ndikupangidwa motsatira zomwe wogulitsayo akufuna, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malipoti omwe alipo kale ndi zikalata zoyeserera malinga ngati zili zenizeni, zodzaza, komanso zokhudzana ndi malangizo oyenera. Ngati mukubweretsa zinthu zopangidwa mwamakonda kapena zolembedwa payekha, kapena kuyika chizindikiro chanu pa izo, ndinu wopanga mwalamulo ndipo muyenera kupanga Chidziwitso Chanu Chogwirizana ndi Chikalata Chaukadaulo. Nthawi zonse onani manambala a Notified Body mu database ya EU NANDO.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping imathandiza bwanji pa ndondomeko yotsatirira malamulo?
A: Topway Shipping imasamalira zinthu zonse zoyendera kuchokera ku fakitale yaku China kupita ku Spain. Izi zikuphatikizapo kutumiza katundu kudzera mu kasitomu, kukonzekera mapepala, kukonza ma fayilo a ICS2 ENS, kupereka chithandizo cha WEEE/SOIVRE, komanso kutumiza katunduyo kupita komwe akupita. Topway yakhala ikugwira ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi yoyendera zinthu kwa zaka zoposa 15. Amathandiza ogulitsa zinthu zamagetsi kuti atsimikizire kuti akutsatira malamulo onse katundu wawo asanachoke ku China, zomwe zimachepetsa mwayi woti anthu aziyembekezera zinthu zoyendera ku Spain.
