02/02/2026

Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Port of Los Angeles: Buku Lotsogolera Gawo ndi Gawo kwa Ogulitsa Zinthu Zoyamba Kuitanitsa

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

Introduction

Mukatumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Port of Los Angeles (POLA) koyamba, zimakhala ngati malo otsetsereka. Mitengo ya nyanja imasintha, zikalata zimakhala ndi masiku ofunika, ndipo ngati muiwala chinthu chimodzi, kutumiza kwanu kosavuta kungasinthe kukhala ndalama zosungira ndi kubweretsa katundu.

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti mungaphunzire momwe mungachitire ngati mukuona kuti ndi unyolo: kukonzekera katunduyo, kuvomerezana pazikhalidwe zamalonda, kusungitsa malo, kupeza chilolezo chotumizira kunja, kutumiza katundu panyanja, kutumiza ku US, kunyamula katundu ku doko, ndi kutumiza mkati mwa dzikolo. Ngati muthetsa unyolo nthawi iliyonse, katunduyo adzachepa kapena adzawononga ndalama zambiri.

Nkhaniyi ikunena za ziwerengero zenizeni, zikalata zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mipiringidzo yanthawi zonse ku Los Angeles ndi Long Beach, komanso njira zomwe mungachite kuti mupange njira yeniyeni.

Kunena zoona, malo ochitira misonkhano ku San Pedro Bay (Los Angeles + Long Beach) akhala otanganidwa kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha makontena omwe POLA yatulutsa mu 2025 chikuwonetsa kuti padzakhala ma TEU opitilira 10 miliyoni, zomwe ndi chizindikiro champhamvu chakuti oitanitsa ayenera kukonzekera nthawi yokumana, ndalama zowonjezera za nyengo yotanganidwa, ndi malamulo omwe amasintha pakapita nthawi.

Kumvetsetsa Doko la Los Angeles mu 2025–2026

Los Angeles si "doko" lokha. Ndi dongosolo lonse lokhala ndi malo oimikapo magalimoto, malo okwerera sitima, mapulogalamu okonzekera maulendo a magalimoto akuluakulu, malo osambira a chassis, ndi ndalama zina zambiri zomwe zimadalira momwe munyamulira katundu.

POLA imatulutsa ziwerengero za makontena mwezi uliwonse komanso chaka chilichonse. Chiwerengero chake cha 2025 chikuwonetsa kuti chilengedwe chili chotanganidwa kwambiri. Pakakhala anthu ambiri, zolakwika zazing'ono zokonzekera zimalangidwa mwachangu chifukwa malo opumulirako sasinthasintha chifukwa cha nthawi yopuma komanso nthawi yokumana.

Nthawi yomweyo, malamulo okhudza chilengedwe ndi kagwiridwe ka ntchito kuzungulira madoko a San Pedro Bay akusinthabe. Mwachitsanzo, mapulogalamu a mpweya wabwino ndi zina zotero zingasinthe mtengo ndi mphamvu ya mayendedwe pakapita nthawi.

Njira yosavuta yoganizira za "chiopsezo" ku POLA

Chiwopsezo sichimangokhala kuchedwa panyanja. Sitimayo ikafika, anthu ambiri omwe amaitanitsa katundu koyamba amadabwa ndi mtengo wa zinthu m'derali:

Ngati mwaphonya nthawi yanu yopuma, muyenera kulipira ndalama zosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso zochepetsera ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.
kupezeka kwa chassis
kuchedwa kwa nthawi yokumana ndi anthu otopa
ndalama zomwe zimagwirizana ndi njira zoyendera magalimoto ndi kuchulukana kwa madoko

Kapangidwe ka Ndalama Zochepetsera Magalimoto ku PierPass (TMF) ndi ndalama zodziwika bwino zakomweko zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito za terminal ku LA ndi LB. PierPass yatulutsa mitengo yatsopano ya TMF yomwe idzayamba kugwira ntchito pa Ogasiti 1, 2025.

Gawo 1: Tsimikizirani kuti mutha kulowetsa malonda mwalamulo

Musanagule malo pa sitima, onetsetsani kuti katundu wanu akhoza kufika ku US popanda vuto lililonse.

Gawo ili ndi pamene mumasiya mavuto aakulu kwambiri "mutafika", monga kulephera, mayesero, kapena kukakamizidwa kubwerera.

Lembani kaye izi, muzitenge kuchokera kwa wogulitsa wanu, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira, kwa mnzanu wotsatira malamulo:

dzina lenileni la chinthucho (osati dzina lotsatsa)
kapangidwe ka chinthucho
chogwiritsira ntchito (makamaka zamagetsi, zoseweretsa za ana, ndi zida zachipatala)
Pempho la HS code (liwoneni ngati draft mpaka litafufuzidwa)
zofunikira pakulemba zilembo (kuzindikira dziko lomwe mudachokera, machenjezo achitetezo, ndi zina zotero)

Ngati simukudziwa bwino za kugawa kapena kuvomereza, ganizirani musanatumize. Upangiri wokhudza kutsatira malamulo nthawi zambiri umawononga ndalama zochepa kuposa ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa padoko.

Gawo 2: Sankhani Incoterms zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mulingo wanu wolamulira (ndi mulingo wanu waluso)

Incoterm yanu imakuuzani amene amalipira magawo enaake a ulendowu komanso amene amayang'anira zochitika zofunika kwambiri.

Anthu omwe akuitanitsa koyamba nthawi zambiri amasankha "mtengo wotsika kwambiri" osazindikira kuti uli pansi pa Incoterm yomwe imachotsa mphamvu zawo. Kenako, amalandira ndalama zolipirira komwe akupita zomwe sanayembekezere.

Kuyerekeza Kothandiza kwa Incoterm

Incoterm (yodziwika bwino potanthauza nyanja)	Ndani amalamulira kusungitsa malo panyanja	Ndani amalipira ndalama zoyendera/zolipiritsa zapafupi	Ndani amasamalira chilolezo cholowera kunja ku US	Zabwino kwambiri
KAPI	Wogula (kapena wothandizira wogula)	wogula	wogula	Ogulitsa kunja omwe ali ndi chithandizo champhamvu cha zinthu zoyendera ku China
FOB	Wogula (kapena wotumiza katundu kwa wogula)	wogula	wogula	Ambiri mwa oyamba kutumiza kunja omwe akufuna kuwongolera ndi kuwonetsa ndalama zomwe zili mkati
CIF	Wogulitsa amasankha wonyamula katundu	Wogula nthawi zambiri amalipirabe ndalama zambiri zoyendera	wogula	Mukafuna kuti wogulitsa akonze zonyamula katundu panyanja koma muyenerabe kuyang'anira ndalama zakomweko
DDP	wogulitsa	wogulitsa	Wogulitsa (mwachiphunzitso)	Ngati mukufunadi mitengo yobweretsedwa pakhomo, koma ndi wopereka wodalirika kwambiri

FOB yochokera ku doko lalikulu la ku China ndi njira yofala kwa oitanitsa katundu koyamba kuti apeze katundu wawo. Mumayendetsa zina zonse ndi wotumiza katundu amene amakuuzani za ndalama zolipirira komwe mukupita pasadakhale.

Gawo 3: Sankhani njira yotumizira: FCL vs LCL (ndipo musaganize)

Kawirikawiri pali njira izi zonyamulira katundu panyanja:

FCL (chidebe chonse chodzaza): mumadzaza chidebe chonse
LCL (load yocheperako kuposa chidebe) imatanthauza kuti mumagawana malo mu chidebe ndi anthu ena

FCL nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavuta kugwira ntchito nayo pamalo omwe mukupita chifukwa pali munthu m'modzi yekha amene amatumiza katundu komanso njira zochepa zoti muyike. LCL ikhoza kusunga ndalama potumiza katundu m'njira zing'onozing'ono, koma imawonjezera njira zina zomwe zingatenge nthawi yambiri ndikuwononga ndalama zambiri.

Tebulo la zisankho mwachangu

Mbiri yanu yotumizira	Mwina njira yabwinoko	chifukwa
Kutumiza kwakukulu komanso kokhazikika	FCL	Mtengo wodziwika bwino pa gawo lililonse komanso malo ochepa ogwirira ntchito
Kutumiza pang'ono, kuyesa chinthu	Zotsatira LCL	Mtengo wotsika wa katundu wonyamula katundu pasadakhale kuposa kugula chidebe chonse
Ma phukusi ofooka, chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuwonongeka	FCL	Kusagwira bwino ntchito komanso kusasakaniza bwino ndi katundu wina
Mukufuna kulandira mwachangu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu	Nthawi zambiri, FCL	Mawindo otsegulira ndi kunyamula zinthu a LCL amatha kusinthasintha kwambiri

Komanso, dziwani ngati mungadutse ku Los Angeles kuti mutumize katundu mwachindunji kwanuko kapena sitima zomwe zingayende mkati mwa dzikolo. Ngati mukutumiza chinthu ku Midwest, mungafune kuyang'ana njira za "IPI rail" motsutsana ndi kutumiza katundu ku Southern California. Komabe, nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika mukatumiza katundu wanu woyamba kapena wachiwiri ndikudziwa zofunikira.

Gawo 4: Pangani dongosolo lanu lotumizira katundu kuyambira nthawi yomaliza

"Tsiku Lokonzekera Katundu" (CRD) ndilo gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ndondomekoyi. Koma vuto ndi kuganiza kuti CRD ndi "tsiku lomwe fakitale imamaliza kupanga." Mu logistics, CRD imatanthauza kuti katunduyo amapakidwa, amalembedwa, amaikidwa pallet (ngati pakufunika), ndipo amakonzeka kunyamulidwa ndi mapepala oyenera.

Mukhoza kusintha chitsanzo ichi chokonzekera kuti chigwirizane ndi zosowa zanu:

Nthawi yodziwika bwino (yofotokozera, yosatsimikizika)

Gawo	Chitsanzo chofanana	Nchiyani chingachithetse?
Kupanga + QA + kulongedza	Kudalira ogulitsa	Kusintha kwa zinthu pa mphindi yomaliza, QC yolephera, kusagwirizana kwa chiwerengero cha makatoni
Njira zotengera + kutumiza kunja	Masiku 2-7	Zikalata zotumizira kunja zikusowa, zambiri zolakwika za wotumiza, mavuto a nthawi yokumana ndi malo osungiramo katundu
Ulendo wa m'nyanja China → Los Angeles	pafupifupi masabata 2–4+	kuyenda kwa sitima zopanda kanthu, kugwedezeka, nyengo, kuchedwa kwa doko
Kufika → zenera lotengera zinthu pa malo oimikapo magalimoto	masiku angapo a nthawi yopuma (amasiyana)	palibe nthawi yokumana, ndalama zosalipidwa, zolipira zamisonkho
Kutumiza ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu	Masiku 1-7	kusowa kwa chassis, kuchulukana kwa anthu, malire olandirira nyumba yosungiramo katundu

Muyenera kukonzekera nthawi yopuma chifukwa kuchuluka kwa POLA kwakhala kolimba posachedwapa ndipo masabata otanganidwa adzamveka ocheperako.

Gawo 5: Pezani zikalata zanu musananyamuke ku China

Ngati chidebecho chili kale pamadzi, zolakwika zomwe zili mu mapepala zimatha kukhala zodula.

Osachepera, muyenera kuyang'ana izi msanga ndikutsimikiza kuti ndi zofanana m'malemba onse:

mayina ndi maadiresi a wotumiza katunduyo ndi kudziwitsa chipanicho
chilankhulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za malonda
HS code (komwe imawonekera)
CBM, kuchuluka kwa makatoni, kulemera konse, ndi kulemera konse
manambala ndi zizindikiro pa mabokosi
Malamulo a Malipiro ndi Incoterm

Chikalata chachikulu

Ndemanga	Ndani amapanga	Chifukwa chake ndizofunika
Inivoyisi yamalonda	Wogulitsa	Mtengo wolengezedwa, tsatanetsatane wa malonda, maziko a msonkho/msonkho
Mndandanda wazolongedza	Wogulitsa	Kusanthula kwa makatoni/mapaleti a mayeso ndi kulandira
Chikalata chonyamulira katundu (cholembedwa → chomaliza)	Wonyamula / wotumiza	Pangano la udindo/zoyendera; deta imadyetsa machitidwe ambiri
Zikalata (monga momwe zingakhalire)	Wogulitsa/chipani chachitatu	Magulu ena amafuna umboni wotsatira malamulo
Bond yochokera kunja (US)	Wolowetsa / broker	Chofunika pa zolemba zambiri zovomerezeka (mtundu wa bond umasiyana)

Chofunika kwambiri ndikukhala okhazikika. Winawake adzayimitsa kutumiza ngati invoice yanu ikunena makatoni 520 koma mndandanda wanu wolongedza katundu ukunena 500.

Gawo 6: Fayilani ISF molondola komanso pa nthawi yake (izi sizingakambirane)

Pa kutumiza katundu m'nyanja kupita ku US, Importer Security Filing (ISF), yomwe nthawi zina imadziwika kuti "10+2," ndi fomu yofunikira yomwe iyenera kuperekedwa katunduyo asanafike.

US Customs and Border Protection imati lamuloli likugwira ntchito pa katundu amene amabwera ndi sitima ndipo kusatsatira lamuloli kungapangitse kuti munthu alandire chindapusa.

CBP ikugogomezeranso kufunika kwa nthawi: ISF iyenera kutumizidwa pasanathe maola 24 katunduyo asananyamulidwe m'sitimayo padoko lakunja.

Musaganize za ISF ngati "vuto la broker" ngati iyi ndi nthawi yanu yoyamba kuitanitsa. Muli ndi udindo wopereka chidziwitso choyenera.

Zina mwa mfundo zodziwika bwino za ISF ndi wopanga, wogulitsa, wogula, adilesi yotumizira, malo odzaza zidebe, consolidator, ndi ma code a HS a katundu. Ngati simukudziwa chilichonse mwa izi, dziwani musanapite, osati pambuyo pake.

Gawo 7: Sankhani njira yochotsera katundu yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mtengo wotumizira katundu wanu

Ku US, kaya mukufuna kulowa mwalamulo kapena ayi zimadalira phindu ndi zofunikira za gulu. Komabe, makampani ambiri ogulitsa panyanja amagwiritsa ntchito kulowa mwalamulo ndipo amafunika bond ndi broker kuti awathandize.

Wogulitsa wanu adzakuthandizani kupanga chisankho:

mtundu wa kulowa
mtundu wa mgwirizano (womwe umachitika kamodzi kapena kawiri)
kuyerekezera msonkho/msonkho
Miyezo ya PGA, ngati pali mabungwe aboma omwe akugwirizana nawo omwe afunsira

Gawo loyamba labwino ndikuchita kaimidwe kabwino: funsani broker wanu kuti ayang'ane mapepalawo sitimayo isanafike kuti musayembekezere kusintha pambuyo poti yachoka.

Gawo 8: Konzani zonyamula katundu panyanja moyenera (ndipo pewani mipata yogulira mtengo)

Ngati simunayang'ane zomwe zili mkati, mawu a nyanja akhoza kukhala olakwika.

Mukayang'ana zopereka zosiyanasiyana, gawani ndalamazo m'magulu awa:

Mapu a kapangidwe ka mtengo (zomwe muyenera kufunsa)

Mtengo wamtengo	zitsanzo	Kumene oyamba kumene amadabwa
Malipiro oyambira	Kunyamula katundu, kutumiza katundu kunja, kusamalira malo oyambira	Wogulitsayo akuti "FOB" koma ndalama zoyambira zakomweko zikuonekabe
Katundu wa m'nyanja	mtengo woyambira, ndalama zowonjezera zapamwamba	kufalitsa/kutumiza zinthu kumapangitsa kuti nthawi isinthe
Malipiro a kopita	DTHC, kusamalira, zolemba	Ndalama zolipirira komwe mukupita sizikuwonetsedwa mu mawu akuti "otsika mtengo"
Mapulogalamu a doko/terminal	PierPass TMF, ndalama zoikidwiratu nthawi yokumana	TMF ndi zoletsa zotengera anthu potengera nthawi yokumana
Kutumiza mkati	kutayira madzi, chassis, mafuta	Zowonjezera za nyumba yosungiramo katundu, kutumizanso

Mukakwera sitima ku madoko a LA/LB, muyenera kukonzekera mtengo wa komwe mukupita monga PierPass TMF. PierPass yatulutsa ndalama zatsopano za TMF zomwe ziyamba kugwira ntchito pa Ogasiti 1, 2025.

Ngakhale mnzanuyo atakhala kuti “ali ndi zonse zofunikira,” mupempheni kuti alembe zomwe akuganiza, monga nthawi yopuma yomwe muli nayo, ngati pali chassis, komanso ngati pali nthawi yokonzekera nthawi yoperekera zinthu.

Gawo 9: Konzani ulendo wanu ku Los Angeles ngati pulojekiti yaying'ono

Apa ndi pomwe anthu ambiri omwe amalowa m'dzikolo koyamba amataya ndalama: sitimayo imafika, koma katunduyo samayenda.

Ku POLA, mutha kungoyang'ana ngati zinthu zingapo zachitika motsatira dongosolo loyenera:

kuchotsedwa kwa chikalata chonyamulira katundu ndi chilichonse chomwe chinalipo
momwe msonkho wa msonkho waperekedwa/kulowetsedwa
malamulo okhudza kupezeka kwa malo opumulirako ndi kupanga nthawi yokumana ndi anthu
kulipira ndalama zakomweko, monga mapulogalamu a TMF akamafunsira
kupezeka kwa chassis ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya
nthawi yomwe nyumba yanu yosungiramo katundu ingalandire katundu

Kuyenda kwa "sabata yofika" yeniyeni

Tsiku 0–1: kutsitsa katundu m'sitimayo ndikuikonza pamalo oimikapo sitimayo.

Tsiku 1–3: Zosintha pa momwe zinthu zilili pa kasitomu, nthawi yoikidwiratu yachotsedwa, ndi nthawi yoikidwiratu yakhazikitsidwa.

Kutenga madzi otayidwa, kutumiza, ndi kubweza (kubweza chidebe chopanda kanthu ndi njira ina) kumachitika pa masiku 2-7.

Ma range amenewo amasintha kwambiri kutengera nthawi ya chaka komanso thanzi la terminal. Ngati muphonya nthawi yopuma, ndalama zimakwera ndipo mwayi wopeza nthawi yokumana ndi munthu wina umachepa.

Gawo 10: Konzani ndalama zomwe zimakupangitsani kuchedwa

Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa magulu atatu awa:

malo osungiramo zinthu pamalo osungiramo zinthu komanso nthawi yosungiramo zinthu (ngati chidebecho chili nthawi yayitali)
kusungidwa (chidebe kapena chassis yosiyidwa kunja kwa terminal kwa nthawi yayitali)
ndalama zina zowonjezera chifukwa cha kuchedwa ndi kubweretsanso (popeza simunakumanepo ndi nthawi yanu yogulira zinthu)

Mungathe kupewa izi mwa kusunga makalendala atatu ogwirizana:

wotchi yoti mupumule pa terminal
kupezeka kwa nthawi yokumana ndi magalimoto akuluakulu
nthawi yokumana ndi anthu ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu

Konzani ndondomeko yolowera tsiku ndi tsiku mkati mwa sabata yofika pamene wotumiza/broker wanu akuyang'ana momwe katunduyo watulutsidwira ndipo woyendetsa galimoto yanu akutsimikizira nthawi yonyamulira ndi dongosolo la chassis.

Gawo 11: Khalani okonzeka kuwunika ngakhale mutaganiza kuti simudzawunikidwa

Pali mayeso. Akhoza kuwonjezera nthawi ndi ndalama akatero.

Kuti mudziteteze, muyenera kusunga zikalata zanu zoyera komanso zonyamula zanu zili bwino:

Mndandanda wa ma invoice ndi zonyamula katundu ndi zofanana.
Manambala omwe ali m'mabokosiwo ndi omveka bwino.
Mafotokozedwe a zinthuzi ndi omveka bwino, osamveka bwino.
Zolemba ndi mapepala zimagwirizana (manambala a chitsanzo ndi ofunikira).

Ngati gulu lanu la malonda nthawi zambiri limayesedwa (monga zamagetsi, nsalu, kapena zinthu zolamulidwa), mungafune kuwonjezera nthawi yokwanira ku lonjezo lanu lopereka kwa makasitomala.

Gawo 12: Pangani SOP yobwerezabwereza yotumizira yanu yotsatira

Ngati mulemba zomwe zinachitika pa ulendo woyamba, wachiwiri uyenera kukhala wosavuta.

Lembani mfundo yosavuta:

ndani anachita chiyani (wotumiza katundu, broker, trucker, supplier)
masiku enieni (CRD, tsiku loyenda panyanja, tsiku lofika, ndi tsiku lonyamulira)
ndalama zomwe mudalipira, zogawidwa malinga ndi mtundu
chomwe chinayambitsa kuchedwa (zolakwika m'mapepala, kuchedwa kutulutsidwa, mavuto ndi nthawi yokumana)

Mudzatha kuchepetsa ndalama mukatumiza zinthu ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Kumene Topway Shipping ikugwirizana ndi ntchito yolowera katundu koyamba

Ogwirizana nawo omwe angathe kuphimba maulalo angapo mu unyolo ndi abwino kwa otumiza koyamba chifukwa ndi pomwe zinthu zimatayika.

Topway Shipping imadzitcha kampani yogulitsa zinthu pa intaneti yomwe imadutsa malire omwe imakhudza unyolo wonse wazinthu, kuyambira mayendedwe oyamba kupita kumayiko ena. kuwuza Kupereka chithandizo cha msonkho kwa makasitomala kuti atumize katundu wawo nthawi yayitali. Imaperekanso katundu wosavuta wa FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu. Kampaniyo ili ku Shenzhen ndipo yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2010. Gulu loyambitsa ili ndi chidziwitso chambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsera msonkho kwa makasitomala, ndipo kampaniyo imayang'ana kwambiri pakuyenda pakati pa China ndi US.

Mwachidule, mtundu uwu wa zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto zingathandize pazinthu zitatu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalakwika ndi kutumiza koyamba:

Musananyamuke, onetsetsani kuti katunduyo wakonzeka, mapepala ake ndi olondola, ndipo deta ya ISF yasinthidwa isanafike nthawi yomaliza yotumizira katunduyo.
Sabata yofika: kukonzekera momwe mungapangire broker kuti atulutse katundu, momwe angamunyamulire ku terminal, komanso momwe mungalipire mapulogalamu am'deralo monga bajeti ya PierPass TMF.
Mukatenga katundu, muyenera kusankha ngati katunduyo ayenera kusunthidwa kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu yakunja kuti akayikidwe kapena kupita molunjika ku njira yanu yokwaniritsira katunduyo. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa malonda apaintaneti odutsa malire.

Matebulo ofotokozera omwe mungagwiritsenso ntchito

Zoyambira pakukonzekera chidebe

Mtundu wa Container	Kugwiritsa ntchito mwachizolowezi	Chidziwitso chachikulu cha nthawi yoyamba
Muyezo wa 20′	katundu wolemera, wochepa	afika pamlingo wolemera msanga
Muyezo wa 40′	katundu wamba	malo odziwika bwino ogulira pa CBM
40 'cube wamkulu	katundu wolemera, wopepuka	bwino makatoni ndi katundu wogulitsa

Chidule cha bajeti ya PierPass TMF

PierPass adati kuyambira pa Ogasiti 1, 2025, TMF idzakhala $38.78 pa TEU iliyonse ndi $77.56 pamakontena amitundu yosiyanasiyana (ndipo ena sadzaloledwa kusuntha).

Ndalama zolipirira	Ndalama (pa chidziwitso cha PierPass)	Mukamvetsera mwatcheru
TMF pa TEU	38.78 USD	kuwerengera ndalama zotengera katundu m'deralo
TMF ya zotengera zina zazikulu	77.56 USD	bajeti yanthawi zonse ya ziwiya za 40'

Zolakwa zofala kwambiri zomwe zimachitika koyamba

Kutumiza ISF mochedwa chifukwa winawake anali kuyembekezera "zikalata zomaliza," ngakhale kuti ISF ili ndi nthawi yokhazikika yoti sitimayo iyenera kukwezedwa.
Kusankha nthawi yogulitsa yomwe sikuwonetsa ndalama zoyendera mpaka chidebecho chikafika kumeneko
Kuona "kufika" ngati mapeto a mpikisano osati chiyambi cha kuphedwa kwa anthu am'deralo
Kusadziwa amene amalipira ndalama za boma komanso nthawi yomwe (makamaka pamene POLA ili yotanganidwa)
Kulephera kufika ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu pa nthawi yake komanso kulipira kuti katundu abwererenso kapena kusungidwa

Ngati mukufuna lamulo limodzi losavuta, chitani ngati kuti chikalata chilichonse ndi gawo lililonse la deta lidzayang'aniridwa ndi munthu amene sanakumanepo nanu. Ndicho chimene chimachitika.

Kutsiliza

Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Port of Los Angeles sikovuta chifukwa ndi chinsinsi; n'kovuta chifukwa zonse zimagwirizana. Kutsatira malamulo a katundu kumakhudza kuchotsera, Incoterms imakhudza yemwe amalipira chiyani, nthawi ya ISF imakhudza zilango, ndipo kunyamula katundu kumadalira kutulutsidwa, nthawi yokumana, chassis, ndi ndalama zakomweko. M'malo otanganidwa ngati POLA m'zaka zaposachedwa, zolakwika zazing'ono zimakula mofulumira chifukwa palibe malo ambiri olakwika.

Kutumiza koyamba kwabwino kwambiri ndi komwe mungabwerezenso. Onetsetsani kuti mapepala anu ndi oyera, ikani nthawi yomaliza, sankhani Incoterm yomwe imakupatsani ulamuliro, ndipo pezani mnzanu amene angathe kusamalira kusamutsa katundu. Ngati mupanga SOP yosavuta kuchokera ku kutumiza koyamba, ndalama zanu zimakwera msanga, ndipo mumapewa kuphunzira maphunziro okwera mtengo pachipata cha terminal.

Ibibazo

Q: Kodi ndiyenera kuyamba kukonzekera kutumiza koyamba msanga bwanji?
A: Konzani osachepera milungu 4 mpaka 6 katundu wanu asanakonzedwe kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yoti muwone ngati zonse zili bwino, kuphatikizapo kutsatira malamulo, zikalata, deta ya ISF, ndi njira zina zosungitsira.

Q: Kodi ndi "nthawi yomaliza" iti yomwe anthu omwe amatumiza koyamba akusowa?
A: Nthawi ya ISF. CBP ikunena kuti ikukhudzana ndi kukweza katundu m'chombocho, ndipo kutumiza mochedwa kungayambitse zilango.

Q: Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito FCL kapena LCL poitanitsa koyamba?
Yankho: FCL nthawi zambiri imakhala yosavuta ngati mungathe kudzaza chidebe kapena mukufuna kuti chikhale chosavuta kuchigwiritsa ntchito pamalo omwe mukufuna. Ngati mukuyang'ana kufunikira ndi kuchuluka kochepa, LCL ikhoza kukhala yomveka, koma imawonjezera njira zina pankhaniyi.

Q: Kodi ndi ndalama zingati zomwe ndiyenera kulipira potengera galimoto ku Los Angeles?
A: PierPass TMF ndi yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri m'malingaliro a mtengo wakomweko, ndipo PierPass imatulutsa nthawi zatsopano za TMF.

Q: Kodi ndingopempha wogulitsa wanga kuti atumize DDP ndi kuiwala chilichonse?
A: DDP ingagwire ntchito, koma pokhapokha ngati wopereka chithandizo akusamalira bwino kuchotsera ndi kutumiza katundu ndikukuuzani zomwe zikuphatikizidwa. Kupanda kutero, mutha kudikira nthawi yayitali kapena kulipira ndalama zowonjezera.

Q: N’chifukwa chiyani katundu amakakamira sitimayo ikafika?
Yankho: Zifukwa zofala kwambiri ndi monga nthawi yoti zinthu zitulutsidwe, kuchedwa, zoletsa nthawi yokumana, kupezeka kwa chassis, ndi malire olandirira katundu m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Zinthuzi nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi imodzi panthawi yotanganidwa.