Ndalama Zobisika Zotumizira Kuchokera ku China Kupita ku France: THC, Ndalama Zopita ndi Ndalama Zomaliza Zoperekedwa
Introduction
Munapeza mtengo wabwino kwambiri wonyamula katundu panyanja. Munayang'ana kukula kwa katundu, munasungitsa chidebecho ndipo munasangalala ndi mtengo wolowera. Kenako invoice inabwera - ndipo sizinali monga momwe mumayembekezera.
Izi ndi zoona tsiku ndi tsiku kwa amalonda ochokera kumayiko ena ndi otumiza katundu ochokera kumayiko ena omwe amatumiza katundu wolemera kapena waukulu kuchokera ku China kupita ku France. Katundu wa panyanja ndi chiyambi. Pansi pake pali ndalama zoyendetsera katundu, ndalama zolipirira doko lopita, ndalama zolipirira msonkho, ndalama zolipirira msonkho wa VAT, ndalama zowonjezera mafuta ndi ndalama zolipirira katundu wamkulu ku France zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri. Kwa makampani otumiza masofa, makina opumira, mafiriji, zida zamafakitale kapena chilichonse chomwe chili m'gulu la "katundu wamkulu kwambiri," ndalama zowonjezerazi zitha kuwonjezera 30 - 50% pamtengo woyambira wa katundu.
Munkhaniyi, tikambirana za ndalama zonse zomwe mungakumane nazo potumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku France mu 2025 ndi kupitirira apo, makamaka pa katundu wolemera kwambiri komanso wolemera — nthawi zina amatchedwa 超大件 mumakampani opanga zinthu ku China, kutanthauza zinthu zolemera mpaka matani 8 pa chidutswa chilichonse chokhala ndi kutalika kwa mbali imodzi mpaka mamita 8. Tikambirana za mtengo uliwonse, chifukwa chake uli pamenepo, momwe umawerengedwera komanso zomwe mungachite kuti muwulamulire.
Kumvetsetsa Ndalama Zoyendetsera Malo Ogwirira Ntchito (THC)
Ndalama Zoyendetsera Ma Terminal, kapena THC mwachidule, ndi ndalama zomwe ma port terminal amalipiritsa pakugwira ntchito kwa makontena kuyambira nthawi yomwe amalowa mu terminal mpaka atachoka. Izi zikuphatikizapo ntchito za crane zonyamula ndi kutulutsa zombo, kuyikanso makontena mkati mwa bwalo, kukonza zinthu, ndi kusungira kwakanthawi kochepa m'malo osungiramo zinthu. Ndipo THC ndi gulu la ntchito zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chonse cha doko chizigwira ntchito, ngakhale mtengo wake utakhala umodzi pa invoice yanu.
Ngati mutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku France, mudzakumana ndi THC kawiri paulendowu: Pa doko lochokera ku China ndi doko lochokera ku France. Izi zimadziwika kuti Origin THC (OTHC) ndi Destination THC (DTHC) mofanana. Ngati katunduyo akudutsa padoko lalikulu (monga Singapore, Rotterdam) paulendowu, ndiye kuti mutha kukumana ndi THC yotumizidwa. Nthawi zambiri izi zimayamwa ndi sitima yapamadzi ndipo sizimaperekedwa mwachindunji kwa wotumiza.
Chiyambi cha THC ku China
OTHC imalipidwa pa doko la ku China lomwe mumayika katundu wanu. Malo akuluakulu otumizira katundu kunja monga Shenzhen, Shanghai, Ningbo, Guangzhou ndi Qingdao ali ndi mitengo yawoyawo yogwiritsira ntchito malo operekera katundu, zomwe zingasiyane malinga ndi woyendetsa malo operekera katundu, mtundu wa chidebe ndi gulu la katundu. Pofika mu 2025, mitengo ya OTHC yokhazikika pamadoko akuluakulu aku China ndi pafupifupi USD 80 mpaka USD 140 pa chidebe cha 20ft ndi USD 140 mpaka USD 230 pa chidebe cha 40ft kapena 40ft chapamwamba. Kugwira ntchito kwapadera kwa zotengera zazikulu, zotengera za flat-rack kapena zotengera zotseguka kudzawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa manambala oyambira awa.
Komwe THC imapita ku French Ports
DTHC imalipidwa pa katundu wanu ikafika padoko la ku France - nthawi zambiri Le Havre, yomwe imasamalira magalimoto ambiri ochokera ku Asia, kapena Marseille-Fos kuti ayendetse maulendo a ku Mediterranean. Le Havre, doko lalikulu kwambiri la zotengera ku France, imasamalira pafupifupi ma TEU 2.5 miliyoni pachaka, ndipo ndiye njira yayikulu yotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku France. THC yomwe ikupita nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu m'madoko aku France kuposa m'madoko ochokera ku China, zomwe zikuwonetsa mtengo wokwera wa antchito ndi zomangamanga ku Europe.
M'mbuyomu, DTHC ku Le Havre ya zotengera zachizolowezi inali pakati pa EUR 200 ndi EUR 350 pa TEU iliyonse monga muyezo wamba, ndi zotengera zazitali mamita 40 pamwamba. Ndalama zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu wolemera kwambiri kapena wopitirira muyeso akufunika kuyendetsedwa mwapadera, kuwonjezera pa mtengo wamba wa DTHC.
| Mtundu Wokulipira | Mtundu Wambiri (2025) | Amene Amalipira | Akaimbidwa |
| Chiyambi cha THC (20ft) | USD 80-140 | Wotumiza | Pa doko lokwezera katundu ku China |
| Chiyambi cha THC (40ft/HC) | USD 140-230 | Wotumiza | Pa doko lokwezera katundu ku China |
| Kopita THC (Le Havre, 20ft) | EUR 150–250 | Wotumiza | Pofika ku France |
| Komwe mukupita THC (Le Havre, 40ft/HC) | EUR 220–350 | Wotumiza | Pofika ku France |
| Ndalama yowonjezera ya OOG/yaikulu | USD/EUR 100–400+ | Wotumiza / Wotumiza | Koyambira ndi/kapena komwe mukupita |
Ndalama Zopita Kupitilira THC
Anthu ambiri ochokera kunja amalakwitsa kuganiza kuti DTHC ndiyo ndalama yokhayo yomwe amalipiritsa kumbali yomwe akupita kuti akaigwiritse ntchito. Ndipotu, katundu akafika ku Le Havre kapena Marseille-Fos, amafunika ndalama zina zowonjezera mpaka katunduyo akafika pagalimoto yopita ku adilesi ya wogula.
Zolemba ndi Ndalama Zotulutsira Katundu
Kampani yonyamula katundu panyanja iyenera kupereka oda yotumizira katundu kuti mutenge katundu wanu. Izi zili ndi ndalama zake. Ndalama zolipirira zikalata, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadziwika kuti ndalama zolipirira katundu (delivery order) kapena ndalama zolipirira katundu wa telex, ndi pakati pa EUR 50 ndi EUR 150 pa bilu iliyonse yonyamula katundu. Izi zitha kuphatikizidwa kukhala chinthu chachikulu cha "komwe mukupita" ndi otumiza katundu, koma nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kupempha kuti muwerenge zambiri.
Customs Clearance ndi Brokerage
Ngati mulibe mphamvu zochitira izi nokha, mudzafunika katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito yogulitsa katundu kuti agule zinthu zilizonse zochokera ku China kudzera mu kasitomu ku France. Ndalama zolipirira katundu ku France nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa EUR 100 ndi EUR 300 pa katundu wamba, ngakhale kuti katundu wochepa kapena wovuta akhoza kukulipiritsani ndalama zambiri chifukwa ntchito yolemba mapepala ndi kugawa katundu ingafunike. Ndikoyeneranso kunena kuti, kuyambira Januwale 2022, mabizinesi omwe si a EU omwe amabweretsa katundu ku France ayenera kupeza nambala ya VAT yaku France ndikukhazikitsa wothandizira zachuma - kusinthaku kwa malamulo kumawonjezera katundu wowonjezera kwa ogulitsa aku China omwe amatumiza katundu ku China omwe amatumiza DDP (Delivered Duty Paid).
Misonkho Yochokera Kunja ndi VAT ya ku France
Ku France, EU Common External Tariff imagwira ntchito pazinthu zochokera ku China, chifukwa chake misonkho imachokera ku HS code ya chinthu chanu. Magulu ochulukirachulukira a katundu ochokera ku China, monga mipando, zida zolimbitsa thupi ndi zida zapakhomo, nthawi zambiri amalipira msonkho pakati pa 0% ndi 6.5% ya mtengo wa CIF (mtengo, inshuwaransi ndi katundu). Koma France imagwiritsanso ntchito VAT yake yanthawi zonse ya 20% pazinthu zonse zotumizidwa kunja kutengera mtengo wa CIF kuphatikiza msonkho uliwonse wa kasitomu womwe umalipidwa.
Nayi chitsanzo chenicheni: katundu wanu ndi wofunika EUR 10,000, katundu ndi inshuwaransi ndi EUR 1,500 (kotero cif yanu ndi EUR 11,500), ndipo udindo wanu ndi 5%. Udindo wanu udzakhala EUR 575. VAT idzawerengedwa pa EUR 12,075 (CIF + Duty) zomwe zikupereka VAT ya £2,415. Msonkho wanu wonse ndi EUR 2,990 - chiwerengero choyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku mtengo wanu.
Nkhani imodzi yofunika kuiganizira pa malamulo: France ipereka ndalama zolipirira msonkho wa EUR 2 pa katundu wotsika mtengo (wosakwana EUR 150) wotumizidwa mwachindunji kwa ogula aku France ochokera kumayiko omwe si a EU, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026. EU ikupitanso patsogolo pa kusintha kwakukulu kwa msonkho, ndi ndalama zolipirira msonkho wa EUR 3 pa katundu wotsika mtengo wolandiridwa pamlingo wa EU kuyambira Julayi 2025. Izi makamaka zokhudza malonda ang'onoang'ono a pa intaneti osati katundu wambiri, koma zikutanthauza kuuma kwakukulu kwa malamulo omwe otumiza katundu ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa.
Ndalama Zowonjezera Mafuta ndi BAF
Chida Chosinthira Mabasi (BAF): Ndalama zomwe anthu onyamula katundu wa panyanja amalipira kuti aphimbe mitengo yamafuta yomwe ikusinthasintha. BAF ikhoza kukhala yokwera mpaka 20-30% ya ndalama zoyambira zonyamula katundu wa panyanja m'misewu yamalonda ya Asia-Europe. Zimasintha malinga ndi nthawi yosinthira ya kampani iliyonse kotala kapena mwezi uliwonse. BAF nthawi zambiri ndi mtengo wa pa kontena iliyonse wa katundu wamkulu wonyamulidwa panyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku France ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimasinthasintha kwambiri malinga ndi momwe msika ulili komanso kampani yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito.
| Gulu la Malipiro | Mtengo Woyerekeza (EUR) | zolemba |
| Komwe mukupita THC (40ft HC) | 220-350 | Imalipidwa ndi terminal ku Le Havre/Marseille |
| Ndalama zolembera/ndalama zochitira | 50-150 | Pa bilu yonyamula |
| Customs brokerage | 100-300 | Yapamwamba kwambiri pa katundu wolemera/wovuta |
| Mtengo wolowera kunja (avereji ya 3–5% CIF) | 300-700 | Zimasiyanasiyana ndi HS code |
| VAT yaku France (20% pa CIF+duty) | 2,000-4,000 + | Kutengera mtengo wotumizira |
| Ndalama yowonjezera ya BAF | 200-500 | Pa chidebe chilichonse, kutengera msika |
| Ndalama zolipirira mayeso a kasitomu (ngati zayambitsidwa) | 150-400 | Sizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse |
Vuto la Makilomita Otsiriza la Katundu Waukulu Kwambiri ku France
Gawo limodzi lomwe kusadziwa bwino ntchito kwa otumiza katundu nthawi zonse kumaonekera mu mtengo wawo ndi mtunda womaliza wotumizira katundu wolemera kwambiri ku France. Kutumiza mpando wothira mafuta wolemera makilogalamu 200 kapena makina oyeretsera mafuta olemera makilogalamu 400 kuchokera ku doko kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu yakunja kupita kunyumba kwa kasitomala ndi njira yosiyana kwambiri ndi kutumiza katundu wamba - ndipo mitengo ikuwonetsa zovuta zimenezo.
Kodi N’chiyani Chimayenerera Kukhala Katundu Waukulu Kwambiri?
Mu nkhani ya kayendedwe ka katundu kudutsa malire a dziko la China, katundu nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu anayi: mapaketi ang'onoang'ono (osakwana 2 kg), mapaketi wamba (osakwana 30 kg ndi girth pansi pa 3 metres), zinthu zazikulu (zosakwana 150 kg ndi mbali yayitali kwambiri pansi pa 4 metres) ndi katundu wamkulu kwambiri - zinthu zolemera mpaka matani 8 ndi mbali imodzi mpaka mamita 8 ndi malire a kutalika kwa mamita 2.57. Gulu lomaliza lili ndi mitundu yonse ya zinthu zamalonda apaintaneti monga masofa, matiresi, matebulo odyera, mafiriji, makina ochapira, makina ochapira mbale, njinga zamagetsi, ndi zida zamafakitale monga magetsi amsewu, opanga ayisikilimu amalonda ndi zina zotero.
Ku France, katundu wamkulu kwambiri amafunika magalimoto apadera kuti akafike mtunda wautali, nthawi zambiri magalimoto okhala ndi malo otsetsereka kapena magalimoto okhala ndi zida zonyamulira kumbuyo. Nthawi zina mungafunikenso thandizo la crane kapena ntchito zinazake zoyika zomwe zingathandize pamtengo wokwera kwambiri wotumizira katundu.
Kutumiza Potengera Nthawi Yokumana ndi Ntchito Yoyera
Ogula zinthu ku France omwe amagula zinthu zazikulu kudzera pa nsanja monga Amazon.fr kapena mawebusayiti odziyimira pawokha a e-commerce akufuna kwambiri kutumiza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yeniyeni, ndipo pazinthu zolemera, malo oti musankhe komanso kuchotsa ma phukusi. Mtengo wa "magolovesi oyera" umakhala wokwera kwambiri kuposa kutumiza zinthu m'mbali mwa msewu. Mwachitsanzo, ku France, mtengo wa kutumiza zinthu zoyera pa chinthu chimodzi chachikulu monga sofa kapena makina ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ukhoza kuyambira pa EUR 80 mpaka EUR 200 kapena kuposerapo kutengera dera lomwe katunduyo watumizidwa, mulingo wa pansi komanso ngati malo ogwirira ntchito akuphatikizidwa.
Kutumiza katundu ku Paris ndi mizinda ina yodzaza kwambiri kumalipidwa ndalama zowonjezera chifukwa cha malire a magalimoto, madera otsika mpweya woipa (Zones à Faibles Emissions, kapena ZFE) komanso zovuta zoyendetsa magalimoto akuluakulu m'misewu ya mzinda. Ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zimadalira mtunda zingagwirenso ntchito potumiza katundu kumadera akumidzi m'litali ndi m'lifupi mwa dziko la France, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimawonekera kuchokera ku mitengo yoyambirira ya katundu.
Kutumiza kwa B2B motsutsana ndi B2C Last-Mile
Mitengo ya katundu womaliza imadalira kwambiri mtundu wa katundu wotumizidwa. Pa katundu wotumizidwa ndi B2B - ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu, hotelo kapena malo ochitira bizinesi - nthawi zambiri njirayi imakhala yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo pa chinthu chilichonse chifukwa zinthu zingapo zimatha kutumizidwa nthawi imodzi ndipo wolandila amakhala wokonzeka kulandira katundu. Kutumiza katundu ku nyumba zachinsinsi (B2C), makamaka ndi katundu wamkulu kapena wolemera, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri - ndipo kumayikidwa mitengo yake moyenera. Kwa ogulitsa malonda a pa intaneti a Amazon kapena masitolo odziyimira pawokha, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka mtengo wa B2C ku France pamitengo ndi kasamalidwe ka ndalama.
Zosankha za Njira Zoyendera ndi Mbiri Zawo za Mtengo
Kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yonyamulira katundu wanu kuchokera ku China kupita ku France ndi nkhani yogwirizana pakati pa liwiro, mtengo, kudalirika ndi mtundu wa katundu amene mukunyamula. Ngati mukudziwa mbiri ya mtengo wa njira iliyonse ndiye kuti mutha kusankha bwino.
| Channel | Nthawi Yoyenda | Mtengo mlingo | Zabwino Kwambiri | Ndalama Zowonjezereka |
| Ocean Freight (Nyanja) | Masiku 45-50 | Otsika kwambiri | Katundu wambiri, wolemera/wolemera | BAF, DTHC, zikalata |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 12-15 | Wammwambamwamba | Zinthu zamtengo wapatali, zotengera nthawi | Ndalama yowonjezera mafuta, ndalama zachitetezo |
| Sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe | Masiku 30-45 | sing'anga | LCL yapakati, yogwirizana ndi nthawi | Kusamalira njanji, misonkho |
| Msewu (Malori Aakulu) | Masiku 30-45 | sing'anga | Zinthu zamagetsi zoopsa | Mafuta, ndalama zowonjezera za oyendetsa |
| Nyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu Zakunja + Makilomita Omaliza | Zimasintha | kusintha | Kugulitsa pa intaneti, kutumiza mobwerezabwereza | Kusungira, kunyamula ndi kunyamula |
Kukula ndi malire a kulemera zimaletsa kuyenda kwa ndege ndi sitima, motero nyanja imakhalabe njira yayikulu yopezera katundu wamkulu kwambiri. Chinthu chimodzi cha matani 5 sichingangouluka mlengalenga pamtengo wokhazikika. Pa magulu ambiri akuluakulu a katundu - mipando, zida, zida zolimbitsa thupi, makina - katundu wapamadzi wothandizidwa ndi kutumiza bwino mtunda wautali ku France ndiye chinthu chachizolowezi.
Katundu wa njanji Pa sitima zapamtunda za China-Europe, sitima zapamtunda zimapereka njira yothetsera mavuto a nthawi yomwe siikwanira kunyamula zinthu zonse zomwe zimafunika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira. Zimayenda pa nthawi yokhazikika ya sabata iliyonse kuchokera kumizinda ikuluikulu yaku China kuphatikizapo Chengdu, Zhengzhou, Yiwu ndi Chongqing kupita ku malo opita ku Europe, ndi nthawi yoyendera ya masiku pafupifupi 30 mpaka 45. Netiweki ya sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe yakula kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi, zomwe zikupereka mpikisano wonyamula katundu wa panyanja pamene pali kuchuluka kwa anthu padoko kapena pali ndalama zambiri za BAF.
Kutumiza DDP: Yankho Lonse ndi Zosintha Zake
Kutumiza katundu woperekedwa ndi msonkho (DDP) kukutchuka pakati pa ogulitsa malonda apaintaneti omwe amafunafuna kupatsa ogula awo mitengo yomveka bwino komanso yotsika popanda ndalama zodabwitsa zotumizira katundu. Malinga ndi malamulo a DDP, wotumiza katundu kapena wopereka katundu amasamalira zonse, kuphatikizapo kutumiza koyamba kuchokera ku China, chilolezo cha msonkho akafika ku France, kulipira msonkho wolowera ndi VAT, komanso kutumiza komaliza ku adilesi yomwe yatchulidwa. Wogula amalandira zinthuzo popanda kuchita chilichonse ndi masamba a msonkho aku France kapena olipira a onyamula katundu.
DDP ndi yabwino kwambiri malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amakumana nazo. Komabe, iyenera kufufuzidwa mosamala poganizira za mtengo ndi kuwonekera bwino. Ogulitsa ena a DDP amanena kuti mitengo yake ndi yokwera kwambiri koma amaphatikizapo ndalama zambiri pa msonkho wa misonkho ndi VAT kapena amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosawoneka bwino zogwirira ntchito m'malo osungiramo katundu akunja. Musanalembetse ku DDP yokonza katundu wanu ku France, ndi bwino kufunsa kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza mtengo wa katundu wotumizidwa ku France, kuphatikizapo ndalama zotumizira katundu panyanja, ndalama zoyambira, THC yopita, kubweza katundu pamisonkhano, msonkho, VAT ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza - ngakhale zitayikidwa mu ndalama imodzi yokha.
Mapangano a DDP a katundu wamkulu kwambiri, makamaka, ayeneranso kufotokoza momveka bwino zomwe ntchito yomaliza imaphatikizapo: m'mbali mwa msewu wokha, chipinda chosankha, ndi kapena popanda kuchotsa phukusi, ndi kapena popanda kusonkhanitsa. Kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale pakati pa EUR 50-150 pa kutumiza kulikonse komwe sikudzawonetsedwa mu mtengo waukulu wa DDP.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumafikira Katundu Waukulu Wochokera ku China Kupita ku France
Kampani ya Topway Shipping yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira mauthenga kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010, makamaka katundu wamkulu komanso wamkulu kwambiri ku Europe ndi North America. Gulu loyambitsa kampaniyo lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pa ntchito zotumizira mauthenga padziko lonse lapansi komanso zochotsera misonkho, komanso luso lofunika pa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mipando, zipangizo zapakhomo, zida zolimbitsa thupi, magalimoto amagetsi, makina amalonda ndi zina zambiri.
Kapangidwe ka ntchito za Topway kamakhudza unyolo wonse wa zinthu. Kumbali yoyambira, izi zikutanthauza kutenga katundu kuchokera kwa opanga ndi ogulitsa ku China konse, kuphatikiza malo awo osungiramo katundu ku Shenzhen, ndi kulongedza katundu mwaluso kuphatikizapo mabokosi amatabwa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito makamaka pazinthu zazikulu zosalimba kapena zamtengo wapatali. Kampaniyo imapereka ntchito zosinthika za FCL (zodzaza ndi zotengera) ndi LCL (zosachepera zotengera) zonyamula katundu kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China kupita kumadera ofunikira aku Europe, ndi maulendo angapo a sitima zapamadzi sabata iliyonse kupita ku Le Havre ndi Marseille.
Pofika kumapeto kwa ulendo, ntchito ya Topway's DDP ku France imaphatikizapo kuvomereza misonkho ndi akatswiri ochokera m'mayiko ena omwe amadziwa bwino njira zoyendetsera misonkho ku France komanso zovuta za malamulo olowera katundu ku EU. Amayendetsa katundu m'maiko 25 omwe ali mamembala a EU kudzera mu netiweki yawo yotumizira katundu ku Europe, ndipo France ndi imodzi mwa misika yawo yogwira ntchito kwambiri. Nsanja yotsatirira katundu yonse ya kampaniyo imapereka mawonekedwe kuyambira nthawi yomwe katunduyo wachoka ku China mpaka kusainidwa kwa chitsimikizo cha kutumiza katundu ku adilesi ya wolandira katundu ku France.
Kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo katundu a Topway ku Europe kumapereka njira yowonjezera yowonjezerera ndalama kwa ogulitsa pa intaneti pa Amazon.fr kapena Cdiscount kapena m'mabizinesi odziyimira pawokha ochokera ku Shopify. Kuyika zinthu pamalo ochitira zinthu ku Europe komanso kusamalira kutumiza kwa B2C kuchokera pano kungapangitse kuti ndalama zogulira zinthu zisungidwe bwino komanso kutumiza mwachangu kwa ogulitsa. Kampaniyo imaperekanso ntchito zokonzekera FBA kwa amalonda omwe akugwiritsa ntchito netiweki ya Amazon yokwaniritsa zinthu ku France ndi Germany.
Kuthekera kwa Topway kunyamula katundu wamkulu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, kuphatikizapo katundu wolemera matani 8 pa chidutswa chilichonse ndi mamita 8 mbali imodzi - miyeso yomwe opereka chithandizo chamankhwala ambiri sakufuna kapena sangathe kuyendetsa. Magalimoto odzipereka, mwayi wopeza zida zama crane komanso kulumikizana kwamphamvu ndi opereka chithandizo chamankhwala aku Europe omwe ali ndi luso pa katundu wamkulu kwambiri zimathandiza izi. Ponena za nthawi yawo yoyendera kuchokera ku China kupita ku France, malinga ndi ziwerengero zawo zamkati, akwanitsa kupeza chiwongola dzanja cha 91% mkati mwa masiku 45-55.
Njira Zothandiza Zowongolera Mtengo Wanu Wonse Wogwera
Ogulitsa zinthu kuchokera kumayiko ena ndi ogulitsa ochokera m'mayiko ena akadziwa bwino za ndalama zomwe akuyenera kulipira, angachitepo kanthu kuti achepetse mtengo wonse wonyamula zinthu zazikulu kuchokera ku China kupita ku France.
Choyamba, gulitsani katunduyo. Kambiranani za mitengo yonse yophatikizapo pamene ndalama za OTHC, DTHC ndi BAF zikuphatikizidwa mu mtengo wa katundu wa m'nyanja ndipo siziwonjezeredwa ngati zowonjezera zosaphatikizidwa. Ndalama yokwera pang'ono yonyamula katundu yokhala ndi zinthu zomveka bwino nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika mtengo kuposa mtengo wotsika wodzazidwa ndi zowonjezera. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pamsika pomwe ndalama zowonjezera za BAF zokha zimatha kusinthasintha ndi madola mazana ambiri pa chidebe chilichonse mu kotala limodzi.
Vuto lina lomwe lili ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu zachuma ndi kugawa bwino ma code a HS. Otumiza katundu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma code ochulukirapo kapena oyerekeza kuti alengeze katundu wawo, zomwe zingapangitse kuti alipire ndalama zambiri zolowera kunja kuposa momwe zimafunikira kapena, choyipa kwambiri, kuchedwa ndi mafunso okhudza kasitomu. Chifukwa chake, kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri woona za kasitomu ku France yemwe adzatsimikizire nambala yeniyeni ya TARIC musanatumize, kudzakupulumutsirani ndalama ndi nthawi. Deta ya EU TARIC ndi ya anthu onse ndipo iyenera kufufuzidwa musanamalize kuwerengera ndalama zomwe mwalandira.
Kwa otumiza katundu wambiri, kutumiza zinthu m'makontena okhala ndi ma SKU angapo kumachepetsa ndalama zogulira zinthu za THC ndi zolemba pa unit imodzi. Ngati muli ndi kuchuluka kokwanira pamwezi, kusuntha kuchokera ku LCL kupita ku FCL kudzachotsa ndalama zowonjezera pa unit imodzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mulingo wa malo ogulitsira katundu m'makontena (CFS), zomwe katundu wa LCL ukhoza kukhala USD 30-80 pa kiyubiki mita imodzi.
Chomaliza koma chofunika kwambiri, muyenera kuganizira mtengo wokwanira wa inshuwalansi ya katundu wanu waukulu, womwe nthawi zina umasiyidwa pa kuwerengera ndalama zoyendera pansi. katundu inshuwalansi Pa zinthu zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimawononga 0.3 mpaka 0.8% ya mtengo wa katundu womwe watchulidwa. Zimaphimba kutayika ndi kuwonongeka panjira - zomwe ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimafuna kusamalidwa mwapadera ndi zida pamalo angapo pamsewu.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza katundu wamkulu kuchokera ku China kupita ku France ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa katundu wa panyanja womwe mudalandira ndi funso lanu loyambirira. Ndalama zoyendetsera malo, misonkho ya kasitomu ku France, chikole cha 20% cha VAT, ndalama zowonjezera mafuta, ndalama zolembera zikalata komanso ndalama zotumizira katundu wamkulu kwambiri zonse zimafika pamtengo wonse womwe ungakhale wokwera kwambiri kuposa zomwe munaganizira poyamba ngati simunayembekezere bwino, poyambira komanso komwe mukupita.
Chinsinsi chowongolera ndalama izi ndi kuwonekera poyera - kupempha kuwerengera ndalama kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka chithandizo cha mayendedwe, kumvetsetsa malamulo ku France, komanso kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri wa katundu ngati ife omwe ali ndi luso lenileni losamalira katundu wochuluka kwambiri m'magulu onse a mayendedwe. Pamene bizinesi yamalonda yapaintaneti ku China ikukula, ndipo mpikisano pamsika waku Europe ukukulirakulira, kukhala wokhoza kuwunika bwino ndikukonza bwino mtengo wanu wogulitsidwa kukukulirakulira, osati kungoyang'ana kwambiri momwe zinthu zilili.
Kwa makampani omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi njira yochokera ku China kupita ku France, kugwirizana ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito yogulitsa katundu monga Topway Shipping — yokhala ndi zomangamanga zake zokhazikika pazinthu zazikulu kwambiri, mitengo yowonekera bwino ya DDP komanso kuthekera kotsatira kutumiza kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto — ndiyo njira yodalirika kwambiri yopezera kutsimikizika kwa mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito otumizira katundu m'gulu lovutali la zinthu.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa THC Yoyambira ndi THC Yopitako ndi kotani?
A: Chiyambi cha THC (OTHC) chimayikidwa pa doko lokwezera katundu la ku China ndipo chimaphatikizapo kuyendetsa kuchokera pachipata cha doko kupita ku chombo china. THC (DTHC) - Yoyikidwa pa doko lofika ku France, imaphatikizapo kuyendetsa katundu kuchokera pa chombo kupita ku chipata cha doko. Zonsezi ndi ndalama zosiyana, ndipo zonse zimawonekera pa invoice yanu ya katundu. Kutengera ndi Incoterms zomwe zavomerezedwa mu mgwirizano wotumizira, zonse ziwiri pamapeto pake zimalipidwa ndi mwiniwake wa katunduyo.
Q: Kodi VAT ya ku France imawerengedwa bwanji pa katundu wochokera ku China?
A: France imalipiritsa 20% VAT pa mtengo wa CIF (mtengo wa katundu + inshuwaransi + zinthu) kuphatikiza msonkho uliwonse wa kasitomu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi mtengo wa CIF wa EUR 11,500 ndi msonkho wa EUR 575, ndiye kuti mudzalipira VAT pa EUR 12,075 yomwe ndi EUR 2,415. Pofika mu Januwale 2022, anthu ochokera kumayiko ena omwe si a EU adzafunika kulembetsa ku VAT ya ku France, kapena kusankha woimira zachuma, kuti atumize zinthu ku France.
Q: Kodi ndi katundu wotani amene amawerengedwa ngati waukulu kwambiri kapena wochuluka kwambiri pankhani ya kutumiza katundu m'malire a dziko la China?
Yankho: Katundu wamkulu kwambiri nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa ngati chinthu chilichonse cha katundu cholemera mpaka matani 8, ndipo mbali iliyonse imatha kufika mamita 8, ndipo kutalika kwake sikupitirira mamita 2.57. Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino ndi zida zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi zamalonda, makina amafakitale, mipando ikuluikulu, magalimoto amagetsi ndi zida zingapo zogona. Gululi limafuna kusamalidwa kwapadera komwe kumachokera komanso komwe kukupita.
Q: Kodi kutumiza kwa DDP nthawi zonse kumakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira kuchokera ku China kupita ku France?
A: DDP imapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta kwa wogula mwa kupangitsa kuti njira yotumizira zinthu isakhale yophweka komanso kuchotsa zodabwitsa panthawi yotumiza. Izi ndi zabwino kwa mabizinesi a e-commerce. Koma nthawi zonse si njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo muyenera kuyang'ana mosamala kuti muwone zomwe zili mkati. Nthawi zonse ndibwino kupempha kusanthula kwathunthu kwa DDP musanayerekeze ndi njira ina ya DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) kapena DAP (Delivered at Place).
Q: Kodi nthawi zambiri zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kutumiza katundu wochuluka kuchokera ku China kupita ku France panyanja?
Yankho: Nthawi yoyendera yanthawi zonse ya katundu wamba wa panyanja kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China kupita ku Le Havre kapena Marseille ndi pafupifupi masiku 45-50. Kuphatikiza kuchotsera msonkho wa misonkho ndi kutumiza katundu wa mtunda womaliza ku France, ulendo wonse wa khomo ndi khomo nthawi zambiri umasiyana pakati pa masiku 50 ndi 65 kutengera komwe unachokera komanso komwe ukupita, nthawi yokonza misonkho ndi nthawi yotumizira katundu wa mtunda womaliza.
