Zinsinsi 10 Zapamwamba Zochepetsera Bili Yanu Yonyamula Katundu ku China kupita ku US Pakati
Introduction
Ngati mudatumizapo zinthu kuchokera ku China kupita ku US, mukudziwa kuti ndalama zotumizira katundu panyanja zingaoneke ngati zosayembekezereka, zosasangalatsa, komanso nthawi zambiri zokwera mtengo. Mtengo wake umawoneka wabwino mwezi umodzi, kenako mwezi wotsatira umakwera popanda chenjezo. Otumiza katundu ambiri amaganiza kuti ndalamazi ndi zokhazikika kapena kuti sizili m'manja mwawo, koma sizili choncho konse.
Kusakaniza zosankha, nthawi, njira, ndi zokambirana zimapita ku ndalama zonse zonyamula katundu panyanja. Makampani omwe amadziwa momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri amawononga ndalama zochepa kwambiri kuposa ena omwe amangolandira mtengo woyamba womwe amalandira. Si mwayi womwe umapangitsa kusiyana. Ndi chidziwitso.
Nkhaniyi ikupereka malangizo opitilira khumi enieni, oyesedwa omwe angakuthandizeni kusunga ndalama zokwana 50% pa bilu yanu yonyamula katundu wa panyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku US pakapita nthawi. Izi si njira zowopsa kapena njira zachidule. Tsiku lililonse, otumiza katundu aluso, oyang'anira mayendedwe, ndi otumiza katundu amagwiritsa ntchito njirazi kunyamula katundu kudutsa Pacific.
Malangizo otsatirawa angakuthandizeni kubwezeretsa ulamuliro wanu pa bajeti yotumizira katundu, kaya mumatumiza ma pallet angapo pamwezi kapena makontena ambiri sabata iliyonse.
Kumvetsetsa Komwe Mitengo Yanu Yonyamula Katundu Imachokera
Musanachepetse ndalama zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, zimathandiza kudziwa zomwe mukulipiradi. Pali zinthu zingapo zonyamula katundu panyanja. Ndi gulu la ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa pamodzi, zina zomwe zimakhala zomveka bwino ndipo zina zimabisika m'malemba ang'onoang'ono.
Nayi mndandanda wosavuta wa ndalama zomwe zimafunika kwambiri ponyamula katundu wa panyanja pakati pa China ndi US.
| Mtengo wagawo | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Base Ocean Freight | Mtengo wofunikira womwe kampani yotumizira imalipira posuntha chidebecho |
| Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) | Ndalama zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi mafuta |
| Malipiro Oyendetsera Malo (THC) | Ndalama zoyendetsera doko komwe limachokera komanso komwe likupita |
| Ndalama Zolemba | Ndalama zolipirira ma bilu ndi mapepala |
| Malipiro akasitomu | Ndalama zochotsera katundu ndi katundu wotumizidwa kunja |
| Drayage | Kunyamula magalimoto kuchokera kudoko kupita kumalo osungira |
| Zowonjezera Zanyengo Zapamwamba | Kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi panthawi yomwe anthu ambiri amafuna zinthu zambiri |
Anthu ambiri otumiza katundu amangoganizira za mtengo woyambira wa katundu wonyamula katundu, koma ndalama zomwe amasunga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepetsera ndalama zina.
Kusunga Nthawi Ndikolimba Kwambiri Kuposa Momwe Otumiza Ambiri Amazindikira
Kusunga nthawi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri koma zosamveka bwino pa mtengo. Nthawi zambiri katundu wonyamula katundu m'nyanja amakhala ndi nyengo, ndipo ngati musungitsa nthawi yolakwika, mitengo yanu ikhoza kuwirikiza kanayi.
Ndalama zotumizira katundu nthawi zambiri zimakwera nthawi yogula zinthu isanafike monga kubwerera kusukulu komanso tchuthi kumapeto kwa chaka. Zimakweranso kwambiri Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China chisanafike, chifukwa makampani amathamangira kutumiza katundu kunja asanatseke. Mutha kusunga ndalama zambiri ngati mutha kusamutsa katundu milungu ingapo isanafike kapena pambuyo pake.
Ogulitsa zinthu ochokera kunja odziwa bwino ntchito yawo amakonza zopanga ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu kutengera nyengo zomwe zimafika pachimake. Amasiya nthawi yowonjezera kuti asatumize katundu wawo nthawi yokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kusintha tsiku lanu lochoka nthawi zambiri kumatanthauza kuti ndalama zotumizira zimakhala zochepa.
Kusankha Madoko Oyenera Kungapulumutse Anthu Ambiri Mosabisa
Anthu ambiri otumiza katundu amangopita ku doko lapafupi osaganizira ngati ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yogulira katundu wawo. Zoona zake n'zakuti, kusankha doko kungathandize kwambiri pa mtengo wonse wofikira.
Ku China, madoko akuluakulu monga Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, ndi Qingdao nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitengo yotsika chifukwa amanyamula katundu wambiri. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kungapangitse mitengo kukwera. Nthawi zina, madoko ang'onoang'ono apafupi amapangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wotumizira katundu kunja kwa dzikolo.
Kumbali ya US, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ku Los Angeles ndi Long Beach kwapangitsa kuti ogulitsa katundu ambiri ochokera kunja afune njira zina, monga Oakland, Seattle, Savannah, Houston, kapena New York. Ngakhale kutumiza katundu panyanja kungatenge nthawi yayitali, ndalama zomwe zasungidwa chifukwa cha kuchedwa kochepa m'madoko ndi magalimoto ochepa pamtunda zingathandize.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chidebe Ndi Njira Yopezera Phindu Mosabisa
Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe zimafala kwambiri komanso zodula kwambiri pakunyamula katundu wapamadzi ndi kulipira kuchuluka kwa makontena omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chidebe cha mamita 40 chomwe chili ndi 70% yokha chimadula pafupifupi mtengo wofanana ndi chomwe chili chodzaza kwathunthu. Otumiza omwe amathera nthawi yofufuza kukula kwabwino kwa mabokosi, ma pallet, ndi njira zonyamulira katundu nthawi zambiri amatha kuchepetsa ndalama zotumizira katundu pa chinthu chilichonse popanda kusintha njira kapena zonyamulira katundu.
Mukatumiza katundu wochepa, zingakhale zomveka kuphatikiza katundu mu LCL. Koma mukatumiza katundu wochuluka, kusintha kupita ku FCL yokhala ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika mtengo kwambiri pa unit iliyonse.
Zisankho za LCL vs FCL Ziyenera Kubwerezedwanso Nthawi Zonse
Makampani ambiri amatsatira LCL kapena FCL chifukwa ndicho chimene akhala akuchita nthawi zonse. Ichi ndi cholakwika chokwera mtengo kwambiri.
LCL ikhoza kukhala yabwino kwambiri pa ndalama zochepa, koma imadula kwambiri kuigwiritsa ntchito, imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ifike kumeneko, ndipo nthawi zambiri imachedwa. Pamene kuchuluka kwa zinthu kukukwera, nthawi yomwe FCL imakhala yotsika mtengo nthawi zambiri imabwera msanga kuposa momwe imayembekezeredwa.
Kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa katundu, kuchuluka kwa katundu, ndi mita ya cubic nthawi zonse kudzakuthandizani kudziwa nthawi yoti musinthe njira yanu. Mabizinesi ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse ziwiri, pogwiritsa ntchito LCL pazinthu zomwe sizigulitsidwa mwachangu komanso FCL pazinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa mwachangu.
Kukambirana Kumayembekezeredwa, Osati Kosankha
Anthu nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ndalama zotumizira katundu zimayikidwa pamtengo wokwera, koma izi si zoona. Komabe, pafupifupi chilichonse chilipo kuti chikambidwe.
Makampani otumiza katundu amafuna kuti otumiza katundu ndi otumiza katundu akuluakulu aziwerengera mitengo, makamaka akamanyamula katundu wofanana nthawi zonse. Otumiza katundu ang'onoang'ono nthawi zina amatha kupeza mitengo yabwino povomereza kutumiza katundu pafupipafupi kapena nthawi yoyendera sitima zomwe zingasinthe.
Sikuti ndi nkhani yochepetsa ndalama zoyambira zokha mukakambirana. Kuchotsa ndalama zina, kutseka mitengo kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena kupeza masiku omasuka komwe mukupita kungakhale ndi zotsatira zofanana kapena zazikulu pa ndalama zanu.
Mapangano Apambana Mitengo Yambiri Nthawi Zambiri Kuposa Ayi
Mitengo ya Spot ingawoneke bwino msika ukatsika, koma ndi yosakhazikika komanso yovuta kuyembekezera. Komabe, mapangano a nthawi yayitali amapangitsa zinthu kukhala zokhazikika ndikukutetezani ku kusintha kwa mitengo mwachangu.
Ngati kufunikira kuli kochepa, sizingawonekere kukhala kofunikira kutseka pangano. Koma msika ukayamba kuuma, anthu omwe ali ndi mapangano nthawi zambiri amalipira theka la zomwe otumiza katundu ayenera kulandira.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yolinganiza yomwe imaphatikizapo mitengo ya mgwirizano wa zinthu zazikulu komanso kusungitsa katundu wowonjezera pamalo oyenera.
Mayendedwe a M'dziko Ayenera Kusamalidwa Mofanana
Ulendowu suthera ndi katundu wa panyanja. Ndalama zoyendera m'dziko muno zitha kuwononga ndalama zomwe anthu amapeza panyanja.
Ngati nthawi yofika, kuchotsera msonkho, ndi kunyamula katundu sizikugwirizana bwino, zingayambitse kumangidwa, kuchotsedwa kwa katundu, ndi ndalama zosungira katundu. Ndalama zimenezi zimawonjezeka mofulumira ndipo zitha kupewedwa kotheratu pokonzekera bwino.
Mukagwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu omwe amagwira ntchito m'madzi komanso m'dziko, mutha kuwona ndikukakamiza aliyense kuti ayang'anire ntchito yonse yonyamula katundu.
Kuwoneka Kumachepetsa Mtengo Kuposa Kuthamanga
Kuyesa kupeza nthawi yoyendera mwachangu nthawi zambiri kumawononga ndalama zambiri popanda phindu lenileni. Kuwoneka bwino ndiko komwe kumachepetsa ndalama.
Kudziwa komwe katundu wanu ali, nthawi yomwe adzafike, ndi zomwe ziyenera kuchitika pa sitepe iliyonse kumakulepheretsani kupanga zisankho zomaliza zomwe zimakuwonongerani ndalama zambiri. Kukonzekera bwino kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti katundu wa pa kasitomu achotsedwe, kukonzekera nthawi yopuma, komanso kuti katundu wolowera m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ayende bwino.
Zipangizo zotsatirira za digito ndi kulankhulana mwachangu sizilinso bwino kukhala nazo. Ndizofunikira kuti ndalama zisamawonongeke.
Mnzanu Woyenera wa Zamalonda Akusintha Chilichonse
Nthawi zina, sizimafunikira zomwe mumachita kuti muchepetse ndalama zotumizira koma zimafunika kwambiri anthu omwe mumagwira nawo ntchito.
Kampani yokonza zinthu yokhala ndi luso lambiri imadziwa momwe makampani onyamula katundu amachitira zinthu, momwe madoko amagwirira ntchito, momwe nyengo imakhudzira kutumiza katundu, komanso momwe malamulo amasinthira. Amaganizira pasadakhale ndipo amabwera ndi njira zotumizira katundu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi bizinesi yanu mavuto asanafike pa invoice.
Apa ndi pomwe akatswiri otumiza katundu nthawi zonse amachita bwino kuposa malo osungitsa katundu omwe amachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Momwe Kutumiza Zinthu ku Topway Kumathandizira Kuchepetsa Ndalama Zogulitsa Zinthu ku China ndi US Ocean
Kampani ya Topway Shipping yakhala ikupereka njira zoyendetsera zinthu zamalonda kudzera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kuyambira mu 2010. Kampaniyo ili ku Shenzhen, China.
Gulu lathu loyambitsa zinthu lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo zenizeni pa ntchito yokonza zinthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu m'mafakitale, makamaka poyendetsa katundu pakati pa China ndi US. Tikudziwa momwe tingathetsere mavuto ang'onoang'ono omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri pakapita nthawi.
Topway Shipping imagwira ntchito yonse yonyamula katundu, kuyambira gawo loyamba la mayendedwe ku China mpaka kukonza zinthu ndi kutumiza katundu ku US, ndipo potsiriza kutumiza katundu mpaka mtunda womaliza. Timapereka ntchito zonyamula katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito potumiza katundu wodzaza ndi chidebe (FCL) ndi katundu wochepa kuposa chidebe (LCL).
Timathandiza otumiza katundu kusunga ndalama pa katundu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochuluka, kukonza njira, komanso kugwirizanitsa zinthu kuti zonse ziyende bwino komanso mosavuta.
Kutsiliza
Sizotheka kuchepetsa mtengo wa katundu wanu wa panyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku US pakati, koma muyenera kusintha momwe mumaganizira. Nthawi zambiri, ndalama zambiri zomwe mumasunga sizichokera ku chinthu chimodzi chachikulu. Zimachokera popanga zisankho zanzeru zokhudza kukonza nthawi, kutumiza katundu, kulongedza katundu, kukambirana, ndi kugwirizana.
Ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja omwe amaona katundu ngati ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'malo mwa mtengo wokhazikika amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa opikisana nawo. Sikoyeneranso kutumiza katundu mwanzeru m'dziko lomwe malire nthawi zonse amakhala pansi pamavuto. Ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono angakambiranedi mitengo yonyamula katundu panyanja?
A: Inde. Kuchuluka kwa katundu kumathandiza, koma makampani ang'onoang'ono amatha kukambirana mwa kulonjeza kuti azitumiza katundu nthawi zonse, kukhala osinthasintha pa nthawi yawo, kapena kupanga malonjezano a nthawi yayitali. Kugwira ntchito ndi kampani yotumiza katundu kumakupatsaninso mphamvu zambiri mukakambirana.
Q: Kodi LCL nthawi zonse imakhala yokwera mtengo kuposa FCL?
A: Si nthawi zonse. LCL ndi yotsika mtengo pa katundu wochepa, koma ngati akukula, FCL nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtengo wotsika pa chinthu chilichonse. Chinsinsi chake ndikuwona kuchuluka kwa katundu nthawi zambiri.
Q: Kodi ndiyenera kusungitsa nthawi yayitali bwanji katundu wa panyanja pakati pa China ndi US?
Yankho: Masabata awiri kapena anayi pasadakhale nthawi yanthawi zonse komanso masabata anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi pasadakhale nthawi yanthawi yayitali ndiabwino kwambiri. Kusungitsa nthawi pasadakhale nthawi zambiri kumakupatsirani mitengo yotsika mtengo komanso malo ambiri.
Q: Kodi mitengo ya mapangano ndi yoopsa ngati msika utatsika?
A: Mitengo ya mapangano imapangitsa zinthu kukhala zokhazikika. Mitengo ya ma spot ingachepe kwa kanthawi kochepa, koma mapangano amateteza ku kukwera kwadzidzidzi, komwe kungawononge bajeti ya nthawi yayitali.
Q: Kodi mtengo wobisika kwambiri wa katundu wa panyanja ndi wotani?
A: Kumangidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa ndalama ndi ndalama ziwiri zomwe anthu amaiwala. Ngati zinthu sizikuyenda bwino komwe mukupita, ndalama zomwe mudasunga pamitengo ya m'nyanja zitha kutha mwadzidzidzi.
Q: Kodi kampani yotumiza katundu ngati Topway Shipping imachepetsa bwanji ndalama zomwe sizingawononge mitengo?
A: Akatswiri otumiza katundu amasunga ndalama m'njira zambiri osati kungogula mitengo yokha. Amachita izi mwa kukonzekera njira, kusankha madoko, kudziwa malamulo a kasitomu, kutsatira zomwe katundu watumizidwa, ndikugwirizanitsa chilichonse kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto. Zonsezi zimathandiza kupewa kuchedwa kokwera mtengo komanso chindapusa.
