Zolakwa 5 Zapamwamba Zomwe Ogulitsa Zinthu Zakunja Amachita Akamatumiza Kuchokera ku China Kupita ku Austria (Ndi Momwe Mungakonzere)
Introduction
Austria ndi dziko lopanda nyanja lomwe lili pakati pa Central Europe, koma silili pafupi ndi malonda apadziko lonse lapansi. Ziwerengero zatsopano zikusonyeza kuti Austria idagula pafupifupi USD 1.46 biliyoni kuchokera ku China mu Ogasiti 2025 yokha, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa mgwirizano wamalondawu. Njira yolumikizirana pakati pa China ndi Austria ndi njira yayikulu komanso yofunikira kwa ogulitsa omwe akufuna kupeza chilichonse kuyambira zamagetsi ndi zida zamafakitale mpaka nsalu ndi makina.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti malonda onsewa ndi ochuluka modabwitsa, chiwerengero chachikulu cha ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja, atsopano komanso odziwa zambiri, akupitirirabe kugwa mumsampha wokwera mtengo womwewo. Ma bilu osayembekezereka a msonkho, mavuto okhudzana ndi kutsata malamulo ndi zombo zomwe zagwidwa padoko la Hamburg - Customs ikunena kuti zonsezi zimabwereranso ku zolakwika zochepa zomwe zingapeweke. Njira yophunzirira ndi yayikulu ndipo mwayi wolakwitsa ndi wocheperako kuposa kale lonse mumlengalenga momwe akuluakulu a misonkho aku Austria alimbikitsira kwambiri kufufuza zinthu mu 2025.
Munkhaniyi, tifotokoza zolakwa zisanu zoopsa kwambiri zomwe otumiza katundu amalakwitsa panjira yopita ku China-Austria, ndipo chofunika kwambiri, tikuphunzitsani momwe mungakonzere chilichonse. Kaya mukutumiza chidebe chanu choyamba kapena cha makumi asanu, malangizo omwe ali pano adzakuthandizani kuchepetsa ndalama, kusunga mbiri yanu yotsata malamulo ndikusunga unyolo wanu wogulira zinthu ukuyenda bwino.
Cholakwika #1: Kusokoneza Katundu ndi HS Code Yolakwika
Pa zolakwa zonse zomwe zimakhudza otumiza katundu pa njira ya China-Austria, yomwe ili ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri pamtengo wake ndi kusagawa bwino kwa HS (Harmonized System). Akuluakulu a kasitomu ku Austria ndi mamembala a bungwe lalikulu la EU ndipo motero amaona zolakwika za kasitomu kukhala zofunika kwambiri. Wotumiza katundu akhoza kulipitsidwa chindapusa cha 30% cha mtengo wonse wa katunduyo ngati chinthu chalembedwa molakwika, kuwonjezera pa misonkho iliyonse yomwe ali nayo. Akuluakulu a kasitomu ku European Union, mu 2025, asintha njira yolumikizirana yokha pakati pa ma code a HS omwe atchulidwa ndi mafotokozedwe azinthu pama invoice amalonda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zolakwika—kaya mwangozi kapena mwadala—zisadziwike.
Kugawa kwa HS ndi kovuta komanso kosavuta kuyerekezera. Zinthu zambiri zimadutsa malire a magulu mwanjira yosamveka bwino. Tengani chipangizo cha Bluetooth audio + clock + wireless speaker. Ngati mukuona kuti ndi sipika yopanda waya, ingakhale mu Mutu 85 (zipangizo zamagetsi). Ngati mukuona kuti ndi wotchi, ingakhale mu Mutu 91 (mawotchi ndi zida zopangira mawotchi). Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya msonkho imagwiranso ntchito. Mofananamo, katundu wa pepala wokutidwa ndi utoto ukhoza kugwera pansi pa Mutu 48 kapena Mutu 49 kutengera ngati gululo likuchokera pa zinthu kapena zomwe zili mkati. Kusiyanako sikochepa, komanso kusiyana komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mitengo ya msonkho.
Pofuna kuyankha mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa zinthu za mabatire aku China zomwe zikusefukira m'misika yaku Europe, EU idakhazikitsa kusintha mu Combined Nomenclature yake mu Januwale 2025 kuti iphatikizepo mitu yaying'ono yowonjezereka pansi pa HS 8507 ya mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi zida zoyendetsedwa ndi mabatire. Ngati muli ndi wotumiza kunja m'malo muno yemwe sanasinthe mafayilo awo ogawa kuyambira 2024, mwina akulemba ma code olakwika pakali pano.
Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi yosavuta koma imafuna kusamala kwambiri. Musamangotenga khodi ya HS yomwe wogulitsa wanu waku China wakupatsani, onaninso nokha pa database ya EU TARIC. Ngati pali kukayikira kwenikweni pankhani yogawa katundu, mutha kufunafuna chigamulo cha Binding Tariff Information (BTI) kuchokera ku misonkho yaku Austria, chomwe chingakupatseni gulu lovomerezeka mwalamulo kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, kukupatsani chidaliro chonse musanayambe kutumiza. Kugwira ntchito ndi kampani yokonza zinthu yomwe imamvetsetsa kutsatira malamulo a misonkho ya EU (m'malo modalira zikalata za wogulitsa) kudzadzilipira mwachangu ngati itapewa kuwunika kamodzi kwa misonkho.
Kutumiza Msonkho ku Austria Mwachangu (Magulu Odziwika Ochokera ku China)
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Mutu Wachizolowezi wa HS | Standard Duty Rate | zolemba |
| ogula Electronics | Mutu 84 / 85 | 0% - 4.5% | Ntchito zina zotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu zingagwire ntchito |
| Nsalu & Zovala | Mutu 61 / 62 | 6.5% - 12% | Malamulo oyambira ndi ofunikira kwambiri pamitengo yosankhidwa |
| mipando | Ch. 94 | 2.7% - 5.6% | |
| Zidole & Games | Ch. 95 | 4.7% | Chizindikiro cha CE ndichofunikira |
| Mabatire a Lithium-ion | Mtengo wa HS8507 | 2.7% - 3.7% | Mitu yatsopano yaing'ono kuyambira Januware 2025 |
| Zomangira zachitsulo | Ch. 73 | 3.7% + oletsa kutaya | Ntchito zotsutsana ndi kutaya zinyalala zikugwira ntchito pakadali pano |
| Zamapulasitiki | Ch. 39 | 3.2% - 6.5% | |
| Katundu wonse (VAT) | - | 20% pamtengo wa CIF | Imagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi poitanitsa kunja |
Dziwani: Mitengo yomwe yawonetsedwa ndi mitengo ya MFN yokhazikika. Mitengo yomaliza idzadalira gulu la malonda, komwe adalengeza komwe adachokera komanso njira zilizonse zotsutsana ndi kutaya kapena kutsutsa. Nthawi zonse yang'anani database yovomerezeka ya EU TARIC musanatumize.
Cholakwika #2: Kuchepetsa mtengo wa Katundu pa Invoice Yamalonda
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri komanso zoopsa kwambiri potumiza katundu ku China ndi kutsika mtengo kwa invoice - zomwe zimafuna kuti mtengo wake ukhale wochepa kuposa womwe unalipidwa kwenikweni pa katunduyo. Mfundo yake ndi yosavuta, mtengo wake ukakhala wochepa, ndalama zolipirira msonkho ndi VAT zimakhala zochepa. Komabe, zoona zake n'zakuti izi ndi chinyengo cha misonkho motsatira malamulo aku Austria ndi EU ndipo akuluakulu a misonkho amatha kuzizindikira bwino kuposa momwe ambiri amaganizira.
Akuluakulu a misonkho ku Austria amayerekeza mtengo womwe wanenedwa ndi mitengo yomwe ili m'ma database angapo, monga nsanja zamalonda pa intaneti, ma database a katundu wotumizidwa kale ndi zida zogulira mitengo pamsika nthawi yeniyeni. Amadziwa mtengo wa mahedifoni a Bluetooth okwana 500 ochokera ku fakitale ya Shenzhen. Amadziwa mtengo wa FOB Shanghai wa pallet ya majekete a polyester. Ngati mtengo womwe wanenedwawo ndi wotsika modabwitsa, katunduyo amachotsedwa kuti aunikidwe, misonkho imawerengedwanso kutengera mtengo wamsika, ndipo zilango zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - nthawi zambiri kuposa zomwe zidasungidwa pakuchepa kwa mtengo koyambirira. Kukhala wopanda mtengo m'mbiri sikutanthauza kutayika ndalama chabe. Bizinesi yanu ikhoza kukhala pamndandanda wowonera kuti iwunikire kwambiri katundu yense wotumizidwa mtsogolo.
"Njira yoyenera ndikunena mtengo weniweni wa malonda monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu invoice yeniyeni yamalonda, yomwe ndi maziko a CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) value. Kumbukirani kuti 20% VAT yaku Austria imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtengo wa CIF - mwachitsanzo mtengo wa katundu + katundu kuphatikiza inshuwaransi ku EU port of entry. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwonjezera pa mtengo wa fakitale muyeneranso kuganizira ndalama zotumizira powerengera msonkho wanu ndi VAT. Ogulitsa kunja omwe akuda nkhawa ndi mtengo wawo wofika nthawi zambiri alephera kuyerekeza izi molondola poyamba.
Madera ena omwe mavuto amabwera chifukwa cha zolakwika pamtengo wolengezedwa ndi lamulo la de minimis ku EU. Kutumiza zinthu zopitilira EUR 150 kudzalipidwa ndalama za msonkho ndipo VAT idzagwira ntchito pa chilichonse, mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wake. Mu Julayi 2021, EU idachotsa VAT yake ya EUR 22, motero palibenso mulingo womwe VAT imasowa. Ogulitsa mabizinesi a B2C e-commerce ku Austria ayenera kulembetsa ku IOSS (Import One-Stop Shop) kapena kuti anzawo okonza zinthu azisonkhanitsa VAT pamalo ogulitsira - kuyesa kuthana ndi izi ndi ma invoice anzeru kumakhala kovuta kwambiri pamene kugawana deta ya msonkho ku EU kukukulirakulira.
Cholakwika #3: Kunyalanyaza Chizindikiro cha CE ndi Kutsatira Malamulo a EU
Kulemba CE si mwambo wa boma. Ndi udindo walamulo pa mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa mkati mwa EU. Austria, monga dziko lomwe lili membala wa EU, imagwiritsa ntchito izi popanda kusiyanitsa. Magulu omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi monga zamagetsi, zoseweretsa, zida zodzitetezera, zida zamankhwala ndi makina, koma ntchito zake ndi yayikulu. Ngati wogulitsa kunja abweretsa chidebe cha mahedifoni opanda zingwe, nyali za pa desiki kapena zoseweretsa za ana kuchokera ku China popanda zikalata zoyenera za CE, katundu yense ali pachiwopsezo chokana, kusungidwa kuti akayesedwe kapena kuwonongedwa kumalire a Austria.
Cholakwika chachikulu ndi kuganiza kuti kutsatira malamulo a CE ndi chinthu choyenera kuchitidwa pambuyo pa chochitikachi. Sizingatheke. Chikalata Chovomereza Malamulo a CE chiyenera kupezeka zinthu zisanachoke ku China ndipo chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa mayeso enieni ndi zikalata zaukadaulo za zinthu zomwe zikunyamulidwa. Kunena konse kwa wogulitsa kuti zinthu zawo zonse zikutsatira malamulo a CE popanda zotsatira za mayeso ochokera ku labotale yovomerezeka sikuli ndi tanthauzo m'maso mwa akuluakulu oyang'anira zamisonkho ndi msika aku Austria.
Akuluakulu a kasitomu aku Austria akuwunika kwambiri zikalata za CE poyerekeza ndi miyezo yaukadaulo yomwe imapezeka pa ma invoice a bizinesi. Ngati chipangizocho chikulengezedwa ngati "mahedifoni opanda zingwe a Bluetooth okhala ndi maikolofoni yomangidwa mkati ndi USB-C charging" ndiye kuti miyezo ya Radio Equipment Directive (RED) idzawunikidwa. Ngati chizindikiro cha CE pabokosi sichingatsatidwe kubwerera ku fayilo yovomerezeka yaukadaulo, kutumizako kungalandidwe ndipo wotumiza kunja adzaimbidwa mlandu chifukwa choyika zinthu zosatsatira malamulo pamsika wa EU - zotsatirapo zake zazikulu kwambiri kuposa kutumiza mochedwa.
Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kugwira ntchito ndi wopanga wanu waku China. Musanagule funsani makope a zotsatira za mayeso aposachedwa, funsani malangizo a EU kuti chinthucho chatsimikiziridwa ndikuwona ngati mapepala ndi a mtundu weniweni ndi SKU yomwe mukuyitanitsa - osati mtundu wakale kapena katundu wofanana. Phatikizani mtengo ndi nthawi yoyambira yoyesera kutsata malamulo a EU pamizere yatsopano yazinthu mukukonzekera kwanu kogulitsa. Ngati ndinu wodziwa bwino kutumiza kunja ndi mitundu ingapo yazinthu, pezani mnzanu wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka zinthu yemwe angathe kuyang'anira kuwunikanso kutsata malamulo a CE ngati gawo la njira yotumizira isanatumizidwe.
Cholakwika #4: Kunyalanyaza Ndalama Zobisika ndi Ndalama Zowonjezera Zonyamula Katundu
Anthu ambiri ochokera kunja amakonza katundu wawo potengera mtengo umodzi waukulu wa katundu ndipo amadabwa pamene mtengo weniweni wa katundu wofika pamalowo uli wokwera kwambiri. Iyi si nkhani yachinsinsi ya anthu otumiza katundu. Ndi zotsatira zachibadwa zosatenga nthawi yophunzira bwino mitengo, komanso kusamvetsetsa dongosolo lonse la ndalama zotumizira katundu ku China kupita ku Austria.
Austria ilibe madoko. Izi ndi zenizeni za dziko lapansi zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zachuma. Katundu yense wa panyanja ayenera kutumizidwa pa doko lolowera, nthawi zambiri Hamburg, Rotterdam, Koper (Slovenia) kapena Trieste (Italy) kenako nkutumizidwa ndi msewu kapena sitima kupita kumalo omaliza ku Austria. Mtunda wochokera ku Hamburg kupita ku Vienna wokha ndi makilomita opitilira 900 mkati mwa dziko, ndipo pafupifupi makilomita 500 kuchokera ku Koper kapena Trieste. Mtengo woyendera mkati mwa dziko pa chidebe chilichonse umayambira pa USD 300 mpaka USD 800 kapena kupitirira apo, kutengera nyengo, chonyamulira komanso nthawi yomwe idakonzedweratu pasadakhale. Izi nthawi zambiri siziphatikizidwa mu mtengo wamba wa katundu wapamadzi.
Kuwonjezera pa katundu wochokera kudziko lina, kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa ndalama zotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo ndalama zoyendetsera katundu kuchokera ku malo oyambira (THC), Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) yolipirira ndalama zamafuta, zikalata kapena ndalama zolipirira katundu, Peak Season Surcharges (PSS) kapena General Rate Increases (GRI) panthawi yotanganidwa, THC yopita ku doko la ku Europe, Customs brokerage ndalama zolipirira, ndi msonkho ndi VAT yokha. Kuchedwa kosalekeza ku Nyanja Yofiira ndi kutsekedwa pang'ono komwe kumakhudza Strait of Hormuz kwagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zolipirira zongoyembekezera mpaka USD 1,500 pa TEU iliyonse pamisewu ingapo mu 2025 mpaka 2026.
Chofunika kwambiri, UPS ikukhazikitsa msonkho wakanthawi pa paundi pa katundu wotumizidwa kunja ku China, kuyambira mu Epulo 2026, womwe udzakhala USD 0.32 pa paundi pa katundu wotumizidwa kuchokera ku China ndi Hong Kong - mtengo womwe umawonjezeka mwachangu pamapaketi olemera ndipo ungasinthe kwambiri mgwirizano pakati pa zonyamula katundu mwachangu. Nthawi yomweyo, zilango zochepetsa kukakamizidwa ndi kumangidwa kwa makontena omwe ali padoko kapena kubwerera mochedwa zimatha kuyambira USD 50-150 patsiku mpaka madola masauzande ambiri ngati kasitomu ichedwetsa kuloledwa ngakhale masiku ochepa.
Chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ku zodabwitsa za mtengo ndikupeza mtengo wolembedwa womwe ukuwonetsa ndalama zonse ngati chinthu cholowera ndi zenera lotsimikizira kuti ndi chovomerezeka. Ngati mzere uliwonse uli ndi TBA, pamtengo wake, kapena ukusowa, bwererani musanagule. Sungani malo anu oyendera mkati mwachangu, makamaka ngati mukutumiza nthawi yomwe zinthu zikuyenda bwino, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mtengo wa CIF, osati mtengo wa fakitale wa FOB, ngati maziko a kuwerengera msonkho ndi VAT potengera mtengo wanu wolowera.
Ndalama Zowonjezera Zofanana pa China-Austria Shipping Lane (2025-2026)
| Mtundu Wokulipira | Pamene Ikugwira Ntchito | Chitsanzo manambala | Mmene Mungasamalire |
| Chiyambi cha THC | Kutumiza konse kwa panyanja | $150–$300/chidebe | Tsimikizirani kuti mwaphatikizidwa mu mtengo pasadakhale |
| Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) | Kutumiza konse kwa panyanja | Zimasiyana; onani tsiku lovomerezeka | Mtengo wotseka musanasungitse malo |
| Peak Season Surcharge (PSS) | Q3/Q4, isanafike CNY | $200–$600/chidebe | Sungani nthawi yoyambirira; nthawi yokonza mitengo |
| Zovuta za ku Nyanja Yofiira / Hormuz | Yagwira ntchito kuyambira kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2023 | Mpaka $1,500 / TEU | Yang'anirani malangizo a kampani yonyamula katundu |
| Katundu wamkati (ku Austria) | Zotumiza zonse | $300–$800/chidebe | Sungani malo olowera mkati mwa dzikolo msanga |
| Demurrage | Chidebe chosungidwa padoko | $50–$150/tsiku | Konzani zikalata musanafike |
| Kuzindikira | Chidebecho chabwezedwa mochedwa | $50–$150/tsiku | Konzani nthawi yobwezera chidebecho |
| Ndalama zowonjezera zotumizira kunja ku UPS China | UPS express yochokera ku China/HK | $0.32/lb (kuyambira Epulo 2026) | Yerekezerani DHL/FedEx ndi mapaketi olemera |
Cholakwika #5: Kusankha Njira Yotumizira Yolakwika — kapena Mnzanu Wolakwika
Si kutumiza konse kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria komwe kumapangidwa mofanana. Yankho loyenera lidzadalira kuchuluka kwa katundu wanu, kufunikira kwachangu, mtundu wa chinthu, komanso momwe mumaganizira mtengo wake. Kusankha njira yolakwika kungakuwonongereni ndalama, kuchedwetsa kutumiza kwanu kapena kuyambitsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kutsatira malamulo omwe mnzanu wodziwa bwino ntchito akanazindikira asanachoke pamalopo.
Khonde ili lili ndi njira zinayi zazikulu, Kutumiza kwa Air, Wotumiza katundu mwachangu (DHL, FedEx, UPS), Ocean Freight (FCL kapena LCL) ndi China-Europe Kutumiza Njanji. Zonse zili pamalo osiyanasiyana pa liwiro lopitirira poyerekeza ndi ndalama zomwe zimafunika. Kutumiza ndege mwachindunji ku Vienna International Airport (VIE) nthawi zambiri kumatenga masiku 5-7 koma kumakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri pa kilogalamu, ndipo ndikwabwino kokha pa katundu wokwera mtengo, wofunika nthawi kapena wopepuka. Kutumiza katundu m'nyanja ku Hamburg/Koper/Trieste masiku 25-35 koma mitengo yotsika mtengo kwambiri pa katundu wolemera. Kutumiza katundu m'sitima ndi mgwirizano wabwino wa masiku pafupifupi 12-14 pamtengo wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa ndege, ndipo kukupikisana kwambiri pa mzere wa China-Europe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokongola cha katundu wolemera pang'ono, wopanda ngozi wokhala ndi kuchuluka kodziwikiratu.
Ntchito zotumizira katundu mwachangu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobwezera pa katundu wochepa kapena woyesedwa, koma zimakhala ndi zoopsa zawo. Otumiza katundu kunja nthawi zambiri amapeza kulemera kofanana, komwe wonyamula katundu amalipiritsa kutengera kuchuluka kwa katundu m'malo molemera kwenikweni kwa katundu wopepuka, wolemera, pokhapokha ngati invoice yafika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama ziwonjezeke. Chofunika kwambiri, makampani onse atatu akuluakulu otumiza katundu mwachangu (DHL, FedEx, UPS) amapereka mautumiki osiyanasiyana pamitengo yosiyana kwambiri; kusagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wapamwamba pa chinthu chosafunikira kungatanthauze kulipira 30-40% kuposa momwe mukufunira. Pa phukusi lomwe lili ndi zitsanzo kapena magawo ang'onoang'ono a 5-8 kg, DHL Economy Select kapena FedEx International Economy nthawi zambiri imatumiza katunduyo panthawi yoyenera pamtengo wochepa wa ndalama za Worldwide Express.
Kusankha mnzanu woyenera woyendetsa zinthu n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa kusankha njira yoyenera. Austria ilibe malo olowera chifukwa chake katundu wake wonse wa panyanja amafunika kutumizidwa kuchokera ku sitima kupita ku sitima kapena galimoto, ndipo kuyendetsa bwino katunduyo wamkati kumafuna chidziwitso cha m'deralo komanso kulumikizana ndi onyamula katundu wamkati. Kasitomala wonyamula katundu amene amadziwa njira yolumikizirana ndi China-US sangakhale ndi chidziwitso chenicheni ndi netiweki yamkati ya Austria, mawonekedwe a chilolezo cha misonkho ku Koper motsutsana ndi Hamburg, kapena zosowa zapadera zotsatizana ndi malamulo a CE omwe akulowa ku Austria.
Apa ndi pomwe Topway Shipping imapereka mtengo woyezera kwa otumiza katundu panjira iyi. Yokhazikitsidwa mu 2010 ndipo ili ku Shenzhen, Topway Shipping ili ndi zaka zoposa khumi ndi zisanu za chidziwitso chakuya pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu ndi misonkho yapadziko lonse lapansi, yokhoza kuyang'anira njira yonse kuphatikiza mayendedwe a mtunda woyamba ku China, malo osungiramo katundu kunja kwa dziko, chilolezo cha misonkho ku EU ndi kutumiza mtunda womaliza ku Austria. Topway imapereka ntchito zosinthika za FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku China kupita ku madoko ofunikira aku Europe, katundu wamlengalenga ndi mayankho ofulumira a katundu wofunika nthawi. Chidziwitso cha gulu lawo loyambitsa potsatira zofunikira za malamulo a msewu wa China-Europe - kuyambira kulembetsa kwa EORI mpaka kugwirizanitsa kutsatira malamulo a CE ndi kukhazikitsa IOSS kwa otumiza katundu pa intaneti - zikutanthauza kuti akubweretsa chidziwitso chokhudza kutsatira malamulo mu ntchito yotumiza katundu, osati pambuyo poti mavuto abuka. Kwa otumiza katundu omwe akufuna mnzawo m'modzi yemwe amawonekera kuchokera ku Shenzhen kupita ku Vienna, Topway Shipping ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri.
Kutsiliza
Kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria ndi njira yopindulitsa yamalonda koma kukonzekera n'kopindulitsa. Mavuto 5 omwe afotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi - kusokoneza ma code a HS, kutsika kwa mtengo wa invoice, mipata yotsata malamulo a CE, malo obisika owonjezera, komanso kusankha koyipa kapena ogwirizana nawo - si zinthu zovuta. Ndi malo olephera omwe amadabwitsa otumiza katundu, kotala ndi kotala, ndipo onse amatha kupewedwa ndi chidziwitso choyenera komanso ogwirizana nawo oyenera.
Malo olamulira sanakhazikitsidwe. Zosintha za mu Januwale 2025 ku EU Combined Nomenclature, kupitiriza kukakamiza misonkho yotsutsana ndi kutaya katundu m'magulu aku China, kukakamizidwa kosalekeza pa malire a de minimis, komanso kusakhazikika kwa ndale komwe kumakhudza mitengo ya katundu pamsewu wa China-Europe zonse zikutanthauza kuti wotumiza katundu yemwe anali wotsatira malamulo mokwanira komanso wosunga ndalama chaka chatha sangakhale chaka chino popanda kuyang'anitsitsa zomwe zasintha. Kupanga unyolo wopereka katundu womwe ungalandire kusinthaku - ndi kasamalidwe kabwino ka magulu, kupanga zitsanzo zomveka bwino za ndalama, kutsatira malamulo mwachangu komanso bwenzi lothandizira lokhala ndi luso lenileni la EU - si nkhani yamtengo wapatali. Iyi ndiye maziko ogwirira ntchito kwa wotumiza katundu aliyense wofunikira pa msewu uwu.
Kaya mukukula ntchito yomwe ikuchitika pano kapena mwangoyamba kumene kufufuza njira yogulitsira pakati pa China ndi Austria, nthawi yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito pokonza maziko awa idzakupatsani mphotho pa kutumiza kulikonse komwe kudzachitike.
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi VAT yomwe ikuperekedwa panopa potumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria ndi yotani?
A: Kunja kwa EU, chiŵerengero cha VAT cha ku Austria cha 20% chimagwira ntchito pazinthu zotumizidwa kunja. VAT imatsimikiziridwa pa mtengo wa CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) wa katundu mwachitsanzo mtengo wa katundu + kutumiza kuphatikiza inshuwalansi yolowera ku EU. Izi zikugwira ntchito pa katundu yense wamalonda mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wake chifukwa kuchotsedwa kwa VAT kwa EU pa katundu wofika pa EUR 22 kunathetsedwa mu Julayi 2021.
Q: Kodi ndingapeze bwanji khodi yolondola ya HS ya malonda anga?
A: Deta ya EU TARIC (ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric) ndi malo abwino oyambira chifukwa idzakupatsani code yonse ya CN ya manambala 10 yomwe mukufuna pakulengeza kwanu ku Austria. Muthanso kupempha chigamulo cha Binding Tariff Information (BTI) kuchokera ku ma custom aku Austria kuti mudziwe ngati pali kutsimikizika kwa malamulo, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zosokoneza kapena zogwira ntchito zambiri.
Q: Kodi chizindikiro cha CE chikufunika pazinthu zonse zomwe ndimatumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria?
A: Sizinthu zonse zomwe zili ndi zinthu zambiri, koma zinthu zambiri zofunika monga zamagetsi, zoseweretsa, zida zodzitetezera, zipangizo zamafakitale ndi zamankhwala. Muyenera kupeza zikalata zosonyeza kuti zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi CE katunduyo asananyamulidwe, osati akafika. Simungadalire chilengezo chapadera kuchokera kwa wogulitsa. Mukufuna zotsatira za mayeso pa chinthucho kuchokera ku labotale yovomerezeka ku EU.
Q: Kodi nambala ya EORI ndi chiyani ndipo kodi ndikuifuna?
A: Nambala ya EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) ndi nambala yovomerezeka yodziwira kampani iliyonse yomwe imalowetsa zinthu ku EU. Popanda iyo, katundu wanu adzatsekedwa ndipo simungathe kutumiza zikalata zanu za msonkho. Lembetsani ku Austrian Customs (BMF) kapena bungwe loona za msonkho la dziko loyamba lomwe mwalowa mu EU.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping ingandithandize bwanji ndi kutumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Austria?
A: Topway Shipping idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010 ku Shenzhen ndipo imapereka njira zonse zogwirira ntchito pakati pa China ndi Europe kuphatikiza katundu wa FCL ndi LCL panyanja, katundu wa pandege, chithandizo chochotsera katundu wa pa kasitomu, malo osungiramo katundu akunja ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza ku Austria. Antchito awo ali ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo kudutsa malire ndipo amatha kuthandiza otumiza kunja pa intaneti posankha njira, kupanga ma model a mtengo, kutsata malamulo a EU komanso kukhazikitsa EORI kapena IOSS.
