Kumvetsetsa Ma Code ndi Misonkho ya HS ya Zinthu Zochokera Ku China ku Port of Portland
Introduction
Ngati mukubweretsa katundu ku US kuchokera ku China kudzera ku Port of Portland, muyenera kudziwa ma code a Harmonized System (HS) ndi dongosolo la tariff lomwe limagwira ntchito pazinthu zaku China. Izi sizilinso zosankha; ndikofunikira kuti zikhale zopindulitsa komanso zovomerezeka. Kuyambira mu 2018, malonda pakati pa US ndi China asintha kwambiri. Mu 2025, zinthu zinaipiraipira kwambiri: mitengo ya tariff inakwera kufika pa 145% isanatsike pambuyo poti mgwirizano wapangidwa mu Novembala 2025.
Nthawi yomweyo, Doko la Portland lasintha kwambiri. Kuyambira mu Januwale 2026, Harbor Industrial Services yomwe ili ku California yakhala ikuyang'anira Terminal 6, yomwe tsopano imatchedwa Oregon Container Terminal (OCT). Boma la Oregon laika $20 miliyoni mu ntchitoyi. Kusinthaku kwapangitsa kuti ntchito zonyamula zinyalala zikhale zokhazikika, zomwe zinali pafupi kutsekedwa kwamuyaya. Zapatsanso chidaliro kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja omwe amadalira chipata ichi cha Pacific Northwest.
Bukuli lidzakuphunzitsani zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza ma code a HS, momwe mitengo imagwirira ntchito, zomwe zidasintha mu 2025, komanso momwe mungatetezere ndalama zanu kudzera mu njira yanzeru yogawa ndi kutsatira malamulo. Sizikukhudza ngati ndinu wodziwa bwino ntchito yotumiza kunja kapena bizinesi yatsopano yobweretsa katundu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa aku China koyamba.
Kodi HS Code ndi chiyani ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ili yofunika?
Bungwe la World Customs Organisation (WCO) limayendetsa Harmonized System (HS), yomwe ndi njira yogawa zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Imapatsa chinthu chilichonse, kuyambira soya mpaka transistors, nambala ndipo ndi chilankhulo cha malonda padziko lonse lapansi. Zinthu zanu zikafika ku Port of Portland, US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) imagwiritsa ntchito Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS), yomwe ndi mtundu wa US wa dongosololi, kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe muyenera kulipira.
Pali manambala khumi mu ma code a HTSUS. Zilembo zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyambirira ndizofanana ndi khodi ya HS yapadziko lonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi China ndi mayiko ena ambiri. Manambala anayi omalizawa ndi a ku United States okha ndipo amakuuzani kuchuluka kwa msonkho, chithandizo cha quota, ndi gulu la malipoti a ziwerengero za malonda anu. Kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa momwe otumiza ambiri amaganizira: wogulitsa waku China angapereke khodi ya HS ya manambala 6 pamapepala awo otumizira kunja, koma mukapereka zolemba zanu ku US custom, amafunikira gulu lonse la manambala 10.
Kupeza khodi moyenera si nkhani yongodzaza mafomu okha. Khodi ya HTSUS yomwe mumalengeza imakhazikitsa chiwongola dzanja chanu chachikulu cha msonkho wa Most Favored Nation (MFN), imakuuzani ngati mitengo ya Section 301 ikugwira ntchito komanso pamlingo wotani, ngati malamulo aliwonse oletsa kutaya kapena kuletsa ntchito akugwira ntchito, komanso ngati chinthu chanu chikufufuzidwa kuti chithetsedwe kapena ziletso zotumizira kunja. Ngati mwalemba molakwika chinthu china, ngakhale simunafune kutero, mutha kulandira chindapusa kuchokera ku CBP chomwe chili mpaka kanayi kuposa ndalama zomwe simunalipire. CBP ilinso ndi mphamvu zowunikira mbiri yanu yotumiza kunja kwa zaka zisanu zapitazo.
Momwe Code ya HTSUS ya Ma Digit 10 Imakhazikitsidwira
| Kujambula | Zimene Zimaimira | Chitsanzo (T-sheti ya thonje) |
| 1-2 | Mutu (gulu lalikulu la zinthu) | 61 (Zovala zolukidwa) |
| 3-4 | Mutu (gulu la zinthu) | 6109 (Ma T-sheti, malaya a singlets) |
| 5-6 | Mutu waung'ono (zinthu/mtundu) | 610910 (Ya thonje) |
| 7-8 | Mutu wa US (zowonjezera zina) | 61091000 |
| 9-10 | Chidule cha ziwerengero (ku US kokha) | 6109100020 |
Mitengo Yokwera: Momwe Misonkho Imagwirira Ntchito pa Katundu Waku China
Chimodzi mwa zolakwa zodula kwambiri zomwe oitanitsa katundu amalakwitsa ndi kuganiza kuti katundu wawo ali ndi chiwongola dzanja chimodzi chokha. Ndipotu, katundu waku China amene amalowa mu United States, ngakhale kudzera pa doko la Portland, ayenera kulipira misonkho yosiyanasiyana. Misonkho yoyambirira idzawoneka chonchi kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026, pambuyo pa mgwirizano wa Kuala Lumpur pakati pa US ndi China mu Novembala 2025.
Gawo 1: Chiŵerengero cha Maziko a MFN
Imeneyi ndi msonkho wanthawi zonse wa katundu wobwera ku US kuchokera kumayiko omwe ali ndi ubale wabwinobwino wamalonda ndi US. Umasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi malonda, kuyambira 0% pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale mpaka kupitirira 37% pa mitundu ina ya zovala. HTSUS imayika izi ngati poyambira.
Gawo 2: Misonkho ya Gawo 301
Ntchitozi, zomwe zinayamba mu 2018 motsatira Gawo 301 la Trade Act ya 1974, cholinga chake ndi kuletsa zinthu zosalungama zokhudzana ndi kusamutsa ukadaulo ndi katundu wanzeru. Zimangogwira ntchito pazinthu zochokera ku China. Mitengo ndi 7.5% kapena 25%, kutengera katunduyo. Magulu ambiri adapatsidwa nthawi yowonjezera mpaka Novembala 2026 pambuyo pa mgwirizano wa Trump-Xi mu Novembala 2025. Monga gawo la mgwirizanowu, zinthu 178 zomwe sizinaphatikizidwe zinakonzedwanso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti muwone ngati zina zomwe sizinaphatikizidwe zikugwira ntchito pagulu lanu la HTSUS.
Gawo 3: Mtengo wa IEEPA Fentanyl
Boma la Trump linaika msonkho wowonjezera pa zinthu zonse zochokera ku China mu February 2025. Anachita izi chifukwa China sinaletse ogulitsa fentanyl precursors. Monga gawo la zokambirana pakati pa mayiko awiriwa, msonkhowu unayamba pa 10%, unakwera kufika pa 20% kwa kanthawi kochepa, kenako unatsika kufika pa 10% pa November 10, 2025. Uyenera kukhala pa 10% mpaka osachepera November 2026, pokhapokha purezidenti atachitapo kanthu.
Gawo 4: Mtengo Wofanana wa IEEPA
Monga gawo la kampeni yayikulu yokakamiza malonda pakati pa US ndi China, msonkho wapadera wofanana unakhazikitsidwa. Pakati pa chaka cha 2025, misonkho yogwirizana ya IEEPA inapangitsa kuti chiwongola dzanja chogwira ntchito pa katundu waku China chifike pa 145%. Pangano la Novembala 2025 limasunga chiwongola dzanja chofanana cha 10% cha IEEPA, pamwamba pa chiwongola dzanja cha MFN ndi Gawo 301.
Gawo 5: Ntchito Zoletsa Kutaya Zinthu ndi Kulimbana ndi Kutaya Zinthu (AD/CVD)
CBP imasonkhanitsanso ndalama za AD/CVD pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga ma solar panels, zitsulo, mipando, matayala, nsomba zam'madzi, ndi zina zambiri. Izi zitha kukhala zokwera kwambiri, nthawi zina zoposa 300% ya mtengo wolengezedwa. Mitengo ya AD/CVD imatha kusinthidwa pambuyo pake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mutha kupeza bilu yowonjezera miyezi ingapo mutachotsa zinthu zanu pamisonkhano. Izi ndizosiyana ndi ndalama zina zomwe zimalipidwa pasadakhale. Wogulitsa misonkho kapena wogulitsa waku China si amene ali ndi udindo wonse; wobweretsa zinthuzo ndiye amene ali ndi udindo.
Chiwerengero Chonse cha Misonkho Yoyerekeza ya Magulu Omwe Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito ku China (Kumayambiriro kwa 2026)
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Chiŵerengero cha MFN | Gawo 301 | IEEPA (Yophatikizidwa ~ 20%) | Chiyerekezo chonse |
| ogula Electronics | 0% | 7.5% –25% | ~ 20% | 27.5% -45% + |
| Zovala & Nsapato | 12% –37% | 7.5% –15% | ~ 20% | 39.5% -72% + |
| mipando | 0% –9.5% | 25% | ~ 20% | 45% –54.5% |
| Makina & Zida | 0% –3.9% | 7.5% –25% | ~ 20% | 27.5% –48.9% |
| Zida Zitsulo | 0%–15% + Sec. 232 (25%) | 25% | ~ 20% | 70%+ (kupatula AD/CVD) |
| Katundu wa Pulasitiki | 3.4% –6.5% | 25% | ~ 20% | 48.4% –51.5% |
| Zidole & Games | 0% | 0% –7.5% | ~ 20% | 20% –27.5% |
Dziwani: Ma range awa amangotanthauza kukuwonetsani zomwe zili. Mitengo yeniyeni imadalira khodi ya HTS ya manambala 10, zoletsa zilizonse zomwe zikugwira ntchito, ndi maoda aliwonse a AD/CVD. Nthawi zonse funsani kwa broker wa kasitomu waku US yemwe ali ndi chilolezo.
Kutha kwa De Minimis: Kusintha Kwakukulu kwa Kutumiza Kochepa
Makampani ogulitsa zinthu kunja ndi amalonda apaintaneti anali ndi mwayi waukulu mpaka chaka cha 2025. Pansi pa de minimis clause (19 USC 1321), katundu wokwana $800 kapena kuchepera akanatha kulowa ku US popanda kulipira misonkho. Kuchotsera kumeneku kunali kothandiza makamaka kwa makampani omwe ankatumiza mapaketi ang'onoang'ono mwachindunji kwa makasitomala ochokera ku China.
Nthawi imeneyo yatha tsopano. Kuchotsedwa kwa de minimis pazinthu zonse zochokera ku China, Hong Kong, ndi Macau kunatha pa Meyi 2, 2025. US idasiya de minimis m'maiko onse pa Ogasiti 29, 2025. Tsopano, kutumiza kulikonse kuchokera ku China, mosasamala kanthu kuti kumawononga ndalama zingati, kuyenera kudutsa njira yovomerezeka yolowera ndikulipira ndalama zonse zolipirira. Uku ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe komwe kumafuna mabizinesi omwe amadalira chithandizo cha de minimis kuti aganizirenso momwe amakhazikitsira mitengo, kupeza ogulitsa, komanso kusamalira zinthu.
Otumiza katundu kuchokera kunja omwe amanyamula katundu kudzera pa Port of Portland tsopano ayenera kulipira zikalata zonse, ma bond a msonkho, ndi msonkho ngakhale pa katundu wochepa wa LCL womwe unkatha kupewa njira zimenezi. Mtengo wotsatira malamulo onse olowera ndi wofanana mosasamala kanthu kuti katunduyo ndi wofunika bwanji, motero katundu wochepa kwambiri angafunike kulipira ndalama zambiri kuposa gawo lawo loyenera. Makampani omwe ankatumiza zinthu zazing'ono zisanu kapena khumi pa sabata tsopano ayenera kusankha ngati kuli koyenera kutumiza mapaketi awo onse nthawi imodzi mwezi uliwonse.
Momwe Mungasankhire Zogulitsa Zanu Moyenera
Pali zaluso ndi sayansi pakugawa zinthu m'magulu. Pali zinthu zoposa 17,000 zosiyanasiyana mu HTSUS. Pazinthu zambiri, makamaka zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamitundu yoposa imodzi kapena zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zingapo, kupeza ma code oyenera a manambala 10 kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Binding Ruling Program kuchokera ku CBP imathandiza otumiza kunja kudziwa ma code a HS omwe malonda awo ayenera kukhala nawo. Otumiza kunja amatha kupempha mwalamulo kuti asankhe mwalamulo ma code oyenera a HS a malonda awo.
Zimatenga masiku pafupifupi 30 ndipo sizimawononga ndalama kuti mupeze chigamulo chokakamiza. Mutha kuchigwiritsa ntchito pazifukwa za kasitomu mpaka CBP itasintha kapena kuletsa. Iyi ndi njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yotsimikizira kuti mukutsatira malamulo, makamaka pazinthu zochokera ku China komwe kusayika bwino magulu kungayambitse udindo wa msonkho wa Gawo 301 pamwamba pa ndalama zomwe zimafunika. Izi ndi zoona makamaka pa mapulogalamu otumiza katundu wambiri kapena zinthu zomwe sizikumveka bwino pamagulu awo.
Malamulo Aakulu Otanthauzira (GRIs) amatiuza momwe tingasankhire zinthu zomwe sizikumveka bwino. Gawo, chaputala, ndi zolemba zazikulu ndi zinthu zoyamba zomwe GRI 1 imagwiritsa ntchito posankha magulu. GRI 3 imalankhula za zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Imati zinthu zinazake zimapambana kupambana kwa anthu onse, ofunikira kwambiri pazosakaniza, ndipo ngati zina zonse zalephera, nambala ya tariff yapamwamba kwambiri imagwira ntchito. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe oitanitsa ambiri ayenera kukumbukira ndichakuti musaganize. Lembani kampani yolembetsedwa yogulitsa katundu yomwe ikudziwa zambiri za mtundu wa katundu wanu, lembani chifukwa chomwe mudayika m'magulu momwe mudachitira, ndikuwunikanso nthawi iliyonse zomwe malonda anu asintha.
Zolemba Zofunika Kwambiri Zokhudza Kutumiza Zinthu ku China ku Port of Portland
Kuwonjezera pa kukhala ndi khodi yanu ya HTSUS ndi mtengo woyenera wa msonkho, muyeneranso kukhala ndi zikalata zonse zotumizira kunja kuti mudutse pamisonkhano ku Port of Portland. Ngati pali kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa zikalatazo, ngakhale zazing'ono polemera kapena kufotokozera kwa malonda, misonkho ikhoza kuzisunga kapena kuzifufuza. Izi zingayambitse kuchepa kwa ndalama ndi ndalama zolipirira mayeso zomwe zimawononga phindu lanu mwachangu.
| Ndemanga | cholinga | Ngozi Yaikulu Yoyenera Kupewa |
| Inivoyisi yamalonda | Amalengeza malonda, mtengo, wogula/wogulitsa, Incoterms | Mafotokozedwe osamveka bwino, mitengo yotsika mtengo, ndalama yolakwika |
| Mndandanda wazolongedza | Tsatanetsatane kuchuluka, kulemera, miyeso pa katoni | Kusagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa invoice kapena zolemera |
| Bill of Lading (OBL) | Umboni wa pangano ndi kampani yonyamula katundu m'nyanja | Dzina lolakwika la wotumiza katundu, nambala yolakwika ya chidebe |
| Kutumiza Kwachitetezo kwa Importer (ISF) | Kupereka zikalata za 10+2, ziyenera kuperekedwa maola 24 sitima isananyamule | Kutumiza mochedwa = chilango cha CBP cha $5,000 pa kuphwanya lamulo lililonse |
| Chilengezo cha Dziko Lochokera | Atsimikiza kuti katundu ndi wochokera ku China | Palibe zikalata zovomerezeka za UFLPA |
| Bond ya Kasitomu (Fomu ya CBP 301) | Chitsimikizo cha kulipira msonkho ku boma la US | Ndalama yolakwika ya bond; cholowera chimodzi poyerekeza ndi chopitilira |
| Chidule Chakulowa (CBP Fomu 7501) | Yoperekedwa ndi broker kuti alengeze ndikulipira ntchito | Khodi yolakwika ya HTS, njira yolakwika yowerengera mtengo |
Kulemba kwa ISF: Chofunikira Chofunika Kwambiri Musananyamuke
Wogulitsa katundu wanu wa kasitomu ayenera kutumiza fayilo ya Importer Security (ISF), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti fayilo ya 10+2, ku CBP pogwiritsa ntchito makina a Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) maola osachepera 24 katundu asananyamulidwe m'sitimayo padoko la ku China komwe amachokera. Ili ndi zidziwitso 10 kuchokera kwa wotumiza katundu, monga wogula ndi wogulitsa, gulu lopita ku sitima, malo omwe chidebecho chadzaza, ndi code ya HTSUS. Ilinso ndi zidziwitso ziwiri kuchokera kwa wonyamula katundu wa m'nyanja. Ngati mupereka ISF yanu mochedwa kapena molakwika, mudzalipidwa chindapusa cha $5,000 pa kuphwanya kulikonse, ngakhale palibe vuto lina lotsatira malamulo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwika zomwe anthu amachita akamasamuka kuchokera ku China kupita ku katundu wa m'nyanja ku US.
Kutsatira UFLPA: Kuwonekera kwa Unyolo Wopereka Zinthu Tsopano Ndikofunikira
Lamulo Loletsa Ntchito Yokakamiza ya Uyghur (UFLPA) lapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuti China itumize katundu kuchokera mu 2022. UFLPA imapangitsa kuti zikhale zosaloledwa kulowetsa zinthu ku US pansi pa 19 USC 1307 ngati zidakumbidwa, kupangidwa, kapena kupangidwa zonse kapena pang'ono ku Xinjiang kapena ndi makampani omwe ali pa UFLPA Entity List.
Mu 2025, malamulo a UFLPA adapitilira zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa ku Xinjiang. Ngati zigawo za malonda anu, zosakaniza zosaphika, kapena zinthu zoyambira zikuphatikiza thonje lochokera ku Xinjiang, polysilicon, aluminiyamu, mitundu ina yachitsulo, tomato, kapena zinthu zina zotetezedwa zaulimi, CBP ikhoza kusunga katundu wanu ngakhale katundu womaliza atayikidwa pamodzi kudera lina la China. Kwa mabizinesi omwe amatumiza nsalu, zamagetsi, zinthu za dzuwa, ndi zinthu zambiri zamafakitale, kutsata kwa unyolo woperekera katundu kukukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
Ogulitsa kunja omwe asungidwa ndi UFLPA ayenera kuwonetsa umboni womveka bwino komanso wokhutiritsa—nthawi zambiri ma audit a fakitale, ziphaso za komwe amapeza zinthu zawo zopangira, mapu a unyolo wazinthu za anthu ena, ndi zolemba za malonda—kuti katundu wawo atulutsidwe. Ndalama zomwe UFLPA imasunga, monga kusungiramo katundu wosungidwa, ndalama zamilandu, komanso kuthekera kotaya katunduyo, zitha kukhala zochulukirapo kuposa mtengo wa zinthuzo. Zimawononga ndalama zochepa kuti mupeze kutsata mu njira yanu yopezera katundu musanayike oda kuposa momwe zimakhalira kuyesa kutero mutasunga katunduyo.
Momwe Kutumiza kwa Topway Kumakuthandizireni Kutsatira Ma Code a HS ndi Kutsatira Misonkho
Mabizinesi ambiri sangathe kapena sayenera kuchita bwino kupeza HS classification ndikugwira ntchito yonyamula katundu kuchokera ku China okha. Mukagwira ntchito ndi mnzanu wodziwa zomwe akuchita, mbiri yanu yotsata malamulo ndi mtengo wanu wopeza zinthu zidzasintha.
Topway Shipping, yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, China, yakhala ikupereka chithandizo chaukadaulo cha njira zotumizira katundu kudzera m'mabanki kuyambira mu 2010. Gulu loyambitsali lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zokumana nazo pantchito yotumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsa katundu kudzera m'mabanki, ndipo likuyang'ana kwambiri njira yamalonda pakati pa China ndi US. Ntchito za Topway zimakhudza unyolo wonse wa katundu, kuyambira kutumiza katundu wanu ku China, kuchotsa katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena kuti atumize kunja, kusunga katunduyo kunja, kulumikiza kuchotsa katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena kupita kumayiko ena, ndikuwatumiza ku nyumba yanu yosungiramo katundu kapena malo ochitira zinthu.
Topway imapereka ntchito zosinthira za FCL (Full Container Load) ndi LCL (Less-than-Container-Load) zonyamula katundu kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China—Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, ndi Qingdao—kupita ku Portland kwa ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja omwe amatumiza kudzera ku Port of Portland. Alangizi a zamayendedwe a Topway amagwira ntchito ndi broker wanu wa kasitomu ku US kuti atsimikizire kuti mafayilo a ISF atumizidwa pa nthawi yake, kuthandiza kuwonanso kawiri magulu a HTSUS musanatumize, ndikukonza mapepala onyamula katundu kuti achepetse mwayi woti ayang'aniridwe kapena kusungidwa.
Topway imathandizanso ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja kuthana ndi zinthu zatsopano pambuyo pa de minimis. Kwa mabizinesi omwe kale ankatumiza mapaketi ang'onoang'ono okwana $800, Topway ikhoza kuwathandiza kusintha mapulani awo ogwirizanitsa katundu, kuyang'anira njira zosungiramo katundu zomwe zili ndi ma bond ku Portland, ndikupeza mtengo weniweni wa malo oimikapo katundu, kuphatikizapo magawo onse oyenera a msonkho, kotero palibe zodabwitsa pamene katunduyo wagulitsidwa. Topway Shipping ndi yokonzeka kukuthandizani kuchokera ku doko kupita ku khomo ngati mukutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Port of Portland ndipo mukufuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha msonkho pamene mukupeza mitengo yabwino kwambiri yonyamula katundu.
Doko la Portland mu 2025–2026: Zimene Ogulitsa Zinthu Zakunja Ayenera Kudziwa
Doko la zotengera ku Portland lakhala ndi mavuto ambiri m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, koma zinthu zikuyenda bwino pamene tikulowa mu 2026 kuposa momwe zakhalira m'zaka pafupifupi khumi. Kuyambira pa Januwale 16, 2026, Terminal 6, yomwe tsopano imatchedwa Oregon Container Terminal ndipo imayendetsedwa ndi Harbor Industrial Services, idzatsegulidwa masiku asanu pa sabata m'malo mwa anayi. Terminal tsopano ili ndi njira zoyendetsera zotengera mwachindunji kuchokera ku China ndi South Korea, ndipo MSC ndi SM Line ndizo zonyamulira zazikulu.
Kuletsa msonkho pakati pa US ndi China mu Meyi 2025, komwe kunachepetsa kwakanthawi mitengo ya IEEPA kuchoka pa 145% kufika pa 30% kwa masiku 90 a zokambirana, kunakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa katundu wobwera ku Portland. Asanalengeze, dokolo linaneneratu kuti kufika kwa makontena kudzatsika ndi 30%. Izi zikusonyeza momwe mfundo zamalonda zingakhudzire mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa katundu wobwera ku doko lachigawo. Kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja, izi zikusonyeza kufunika kophatikiza kukonzekera msonkho wozikidwa pa zochitika pa zisankho zawo zogula m'malo mongoganiza kuti mitengo yomwe ilipo ikhalabe yomweyo.
Misonkho yatsopano ya USTR pa sitima zomangidwa ku China kapena zomwe anthu aku China amagwiritsa ntchito kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito inayamba kugwira ntchito pa Okutobala 14, 2025. Pafupifupi 25% ya ntchito zachindunji kuchokera ku China kupita ku West Coast zatumizidwa kudzera m'malo osungira katundu monga Busan kapena Singapore kuti apewe ndalama zowonjezera. Otumiza katundu ayenera kufunsa kampani yawo yotumiza katundu kuti adziwe sitima zomwe zidzanyamula katundu wawo komanso ngati kusintha kulikonse panjira kudzakhudza nthawi yomwe zimatenga kuti akafike ku Portland.
| Mfundo Zachidule za Doko la Portland (Kumayambiriro kwa 2026) | tsatanetsatane |
| Wogwiritsa Ntchito Malo Osungira Zinthu | Ntchito Zamakampani a Harbor (kuyambira Januware 2026), lendi ya zaka 7 |
| Masiku Ogwira Ntchito a Sabata Iliyonse | Masiku 5 (owonjezeredwa kuyambira 4 kuyambira pa Januware 16, 2026) |
| Zonyamulira Zogwira Ntchito Panjira ya ku China | MSC, Mzere wa SM |
| Mayendedwe Abwino Kwambiri a Nyanja (Shanghai → Portland) | Masiku 15-18 |
| Kawirikawiri Kupita Pakhomo ndi Pakhomo (China → Oregon) | Masiku 22–30 pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino |
| Nthawi Yowonjezera Ngati Mayeso Asankhidwa | + 5-10 masiku a ntchito |
| De Minimis ya Chiyambi cha China | Yachotsedwa kuyambira pa Meyi 2, 2025 |
| Ndalama Zolipirira Madoko a Zombo za ku China | Yagwira ntchito kuyambira pa Okutobala 14, 2025; imakhudza nthawi zina zamayendedwe |
Malangizo Othandiza Ochepetsera Kuopsa kwa Misonkho Yanu ndi Kuopsa kwa Kugawa
Palibe njira yovomerezeka yopewera kulipira mitengo, koma pali njira zovomerezeka komanso zothandiza kwambiri zochepetsera chiopsezo chanu ndikupewa kulipira chindapusa chowonjezera.
Musanayambe kuitanitsa mtundu watsopano wa chinthu, muyenera choyamba kupeza CBP Binding Ruling. Chigamulo chomangirira chimathetsa chisokonezo chilichonse chokhudza kugawidwa kwanu m'magulu ndipo chimakupatsani mkangano walamulo ngati CBP ikakayikira khodi yanu pambuyo pake. Sizitenga ndalama, zimatenga masiku pafupifupi 30, ndipo ndizothandiza makamaka pazinthu zovuta kapena zopangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Njirayi imafunika kwambiri popanga zamagetsi, zinthu zosakanikirana, kapena makina omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu omangidwa.
Chachiwiri, fufuzani bwino zinthu zanu zonse zomwe zili mu Gawo 301. Ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026, pali zinthu zina zomwe sizikupezeka pa mitu ingapo ya HTSUS. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kapena kuchotsa ndalama zowonjezera za 25% mu Gawo 301. Pangano la Trump-Xi mu Novembala 2025 linawonjezera zinthu 178 zomwe sizikupezeka pa malonda zomwe zidzakhalepo mpaka Novembala 2026. Wogulitsa katundu wanu ayenera kuchita izi asanayambe kutumiza katundu, osati nthawi yokhayo.
Chachitatu, yang'anani First Sale Valuation ngati unyolo wanu wogulira katundu uli ndi kampani yogulitsa yaku China kapena wapakati. M'malo mwa ndalama zomwe wogulitsa katundu waku US amalipira wothandizira wake waku China, mtengo woyamba wogulitsa umayang'ana mtengo wa malondawo pamlingo wa fakitale. Izi zitha kutsitsa mtengo wanu wolipira ndi zambiri pazinthu zomwe zili ndi ma markups akuluakulu pakati, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mudzalipira ndalama zochepa pamisonkho yonse. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusunga zolemba zabwino za malonda a fakitale. Koma kwa ogulitsa omwe amabweretsa katundu wambiri, ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa zimatha kukhala zambiri chaka chilichonse.
Pomaliza, onetsetsani kuti mwalembetsa chilolezo chanu cha msonkho sitimayo isanafike. Mutha kutumiza fomu ku CBP mpaka masiku asanu sitimayo isanafike ku Portland. Ngati mutumiza fomu musanafike, chilolezo chanu chidzayang'aniridwa sitimayo ikadali panyanja. Ngati yavomerezedwa, katunduyo akhoza kutulutsidwa mkati mwa maola ochepa kuchokera pamene yafika padoko. Njira imodzi yogwirira ntchito iyi ingachepetse nthawi yofikira pa siteshoni ndi masiku awiri kapena anayi ndikuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kuchepa kwa ndalama.
Kutsiliza
Mu 2025 ndi 2026, mukatumiza katundu kuchokera ku China kudzera ku Port of Portland, muyenera kudziwa zambiri zokhudza misonkho ya kasitomu ndi misonkho yomwe simunachite zaka zisanu zapitazo. Kapangidwe katsopano ka msonkho, komwe kakuphatikizapo mitengo ya MFN, ndalama zowonjezera za Section 301, mitengo ya IEEPA, ndi ndalama zomwe zingatheke za AD/CVD zonse zikuphatikizana, komanso kutha kwa chithandizo cha de minimis, kukulitsa kukakamiza kwa UFLPA, ndi kusintha kwa Terminal 6, zikutanthauza kuti kutsatira malamulo tsopano ndi luso lofunikira pa ntchito, osati chinthu chomwe chimachitika mu ofesi yakumbuyo.
Ngati mukufuna kusamutsa katundu kuchokera ku China kupita kumsika wa ku US m'njira yosamalira chilengedwe komanso yopindulitsa, muyenera kudziwa code yanu ya HTSUS mkati ndi kunja, kudziwa magawo amitengo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kukhazikitsa njira yolembera zomwe CBP ikukondwera nazo pakuwunika koyamba, ndikugwira ntchito ndi ogwirizana nawo odziwa bwino ntchito zoyendetsera katundu.
Topway Shipping ndi yokonzeka kuthandiza otumiza katundu pa sitepe iliyonse ya njirayi, kuyambira ku Shenzhen kupita ku Portland. Antchito athu odziwa bwino ntchito amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito njira yotumizira katundu ku China komanso malamulo ovuta a kasitomu aku US. Ngati mukufuna kukonza unyolo wanu wogulira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Portland, lumikizanani ndi gulu la Topway kuti mukambirane zomwe mukufuna.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri (FAQs)
Q: Kodi kusiyana pakati pa khodi ya HS ndi khodi ya HTS ndi kotani?
A: Khodi ya Harmonized System (HS) ndi khodi ya manambala 6 yomwe mayiko ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pogawa zinthu m'magulu. Khodi ya Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) ndi mtundu wa US, womwe uli ndi manambala 10. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito khodi yonse ya HTS ya manambala 10 mukabweretsa chilichonse ku United States. China ili ndi njira yogawa zinthu m'magulu ya manambala 13. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zonse muyenera kuyang'ana ma code ndi broker wa kasitomu wovomerezeka ku US musanalembe fomu yolowera.
Q: Kodi ndingapeze bwanji khodi yolondola ya HTS ya malonda anga ochokera ku China?
A: Mutha kuyang'ana HTSUS pa hts.usitc.gov, koma ngati mukubweretsa katundu wambiri woti mugulitse, ndi bwino kugwira ntchito ndi broker wa kasitomu waku US wovomerezeka. Ngati muli ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi ndalama zambiri kapena chovuta kuchimvetsa, mungafune kufunsa CBP kuti ikupatseni Chigamulo Chomangira. Ndi chaulere, chovomerezeka mwalamulo, ndipo muyenera kuchipeza mkati mwa masiku 30.
Q: Kodi chiwongola dzanja chonse cha katundu waku China wolowa ku Portland mu 2026 ndi chiani?
A: Zimatengera khodi ya HTS yomwe muli nayo. Makampani ambiri ochokera ku China amalipira misonkho itatu yosiyana: chiwongola dzanja cha MFN, mitengo ya Section 301 (7.5% kapena 25%), ndi zolipiritsa za IEEPA za pafupifupi 20% zomwe zimawonjezedwa pamodzi. Pa mitundu ingapo ya zinthu, mitengo yonse yogwira ntchito ndi yokwera kuposa 40%–55%, ndipo pazinthu zina zomwe zili ndi maoda a AD/CVD, mitengo yake ndi yokwera kuposa 100%. Musanapange chisankho chogula zinthu, nthawi zonse dziwani mtengo wonse womwe mwalipira.
Q: Kodi ndingatumizebe maphukusi ang'onoang'ono kuchokera ku China kupita ku Portland popanda msonkho?
A: Ayi. Pa Meyi 2, 2025, chikhululukiro cha $800 de minimis cha katundu wochokera ku China chinachotsedwa. Katundu aliyense wochokera ku China, mosasamala kanthu kuti amawononga ndalama zingati, tsopano ayenera kudutsa mu kasitomu ndi kulipira misonkho yoyenera. Pa Ogasiti 29, 2025, chikhululukiro cha de minimis cha katundu wochokera kumayiko ena onse chinayimitsidwanso.
Q: Chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mankhwala anga asungidwa pansi pa UFLPA?
Yankho: CBP idzakutumizirani chidziwitso cha kumangidwa, ndipo mudzakhala ndi mwayi wosonyeza kuti unyolo wanu wopereka katundu sukuphatikizapo ntchito yokakamiza kuchokera ku Xinjiang ndi umboni womveka bwino komanso wokhutiritsa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza kuyang'ana fakitale, kusunga zolemba za komwe zipangizo zopangira zimachokera, ndikupeza zikalata za unyolo wopereka katundu wa chipani chachitatu. Zinthuzo sizingaloledwe kulowa ngati palibe umboni wokwanira. Ndi bwino kugwira ntchito ndi mnzanu wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu monga Topway Shipping yemwe amayang'ana kwambiri kutsatira malamulo musanatumize katundu kusiyana ndi kuthana ndi vuto la UFLPA pambuyo pake.
Q: Kodi Topway Shipping ingathandize bwanji pulogalamu yanga yotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Portland?
A: Topway Shipping imapereka chithandizo chokwanira cha zinthu, kuphatikizapo katundu wa panyanja wa FCL ndi LCL kuchokera ku madoko akuluakulu aku China kupita ku Portland, gawo loyamba la mayendedwe ku China, mgwirizano wa zolipira za misonkho, ndi zakunja. kuwuza, ndi kutumiza katundu ku US Topway idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010 ndipo ili ku Shenzhen. Gulu lake lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zogwira ntchito pakati pa China ndi US. Ali ndi chidziwitso pa kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndipo angakuthandizeni kugawa zinthu m'magulu, kukonza mapepala moyenera, kudziwa mtengo weniweni wofikira, ndikugwira ntchito yonse yotumizira katundu kuchokera kwa wopanga kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu ku Oregon.
