Chifukwa Chake Ogulitsa Zinthu Zakunja Ambiri Amalipira Mopitirira Muyeso Pa China–Serbia
Introduction
Msewu wamalonda pakati pa China ndi Serbia uli wotanganidwa kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Kuchuluka kwa malonda pakati pa China ndi Serbia kudafika $7.46 biliyoni mu 2024, kukwera kwa 22.1 peresenti poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha, makamaka chifukwa cha Pangano Lofunika Kwambiri la Malonda a China ndi Serbia lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito pa Julayi 1, 2024. Kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja, iyi iyenera kukhala nthawi yabwino kwambiri. Mitengo yatsika pa mitundu yoposa 60% ya zinthu nthawi yomweyo, ndipo kuphimba kukuyandikira pafupifupi 95% pakapita nthawi. M'malingaliro, ndalama ziyenera kutsika.
Ndipotu, ogulitsa katundu ambiri akupitilizabe kulipira mopitirira muyeso - nthawi zambiri kwambiri - kumbali ya katundu. Mapindu a FTA akudyedwa ndi zolakwika zomwe zingapeweke pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu: njira zosayenerera zotumizira katundu, mipata ya mitengo ya CIF, ndalama zowonjezera zosasamalidwa komanso kusamvetsetsa kwakukulu momwe katundu wa China ndi Serbia amagwirira ntchito. M'nkhaniyi ndikufotokoza komwe ndalama zanu zimapita, chifukwa chake zikupitilira kutuluka ndi zomwe mungachite kuti mutseke mabowo.
Kukwera kwa Malonda pakati pa China ndi Serbia - ndi Vuto Lobisika la Mtengo
Malo a Serbia ku Western Balkans komanso udindo wake monga bwenzi loyamba la malonda aulere ku China ku Central ndi Eastern Europe kwapangitsa kuti zinthu zogulitsa kunja zikwere m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira makina ndi zamagetsi mpaka nsalu ndi ma solar modules. Bungwe la Belt and Road Initiative likupitilizabe kukulitsa mgwirizano wa zomangamanga, pomwe ndalama zaku China mu kupanga zinthu ku Serbia zapangitsa kuti unyolo wopereka zinthu pakati pa mayiko awiriwa ukhale wokhwima kwambiri.
Koma kuchuluka kwa malonda okhwima sikukutanthauza kukonzekera bwino zinthu. Makampani ambiri ochokera ku Serbia, makamaka makampani ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, amadalirabe ogulitsa awo aku China kuti akonze katundu pogwiritsa ntchito CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight). Poyambirira, dongosololi likuwoneka losavuta, komabe ndi njira imodzi yotsimikizika yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zambiri pa katundu aliyense wotumizidwa. Ogulitsa amalemba mitengo ya katundu, amasankha makampani onyamula katundu kutengera zomwe akufuna m'malo mwa zomwe wogula akufuna ndipo sapereka kuwonekera bwino pa zomwe wotumiza katunduyo akugwiritsa ntchito pokonza zinthu.
Vutoli limakula kwambiri pamene otumiza katundu m'dzikolo saganizira za mtengo wonse wofika pansi. Katundu wa m'nyanja ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha. Kuwonjezera pa mtengo woyambira wa katundu, mutha kuwonjezera ndalama zoyendetsera doko, ndalama zoyendera, ndalama zochotsera katundu m'dzikolo, mayendedwe amkati kuchokera ku Port of Bar ku Montenegro kapena Thessaloniki ku Greece (malo awiri omwe amayendera kwambiri katundu wa m'madzi kupita ku Serbia), ndi ndalama zina zowonjezera zomwe zingawonjezere mpaka 40-60% zonse pamodzi. Otumiza katundu m'dzikolo omwe amangoyang'ana mitengo yayikulu nthawi zambiri amapanga zisankho kutengera chidziwitso chosakwanira.
Zosankha Zotumizira Kuchokera ku China Kupita ku Serbia — Ndalama ndi Nthawi Yoyendera
Gawo loyamba pakulamulira ndalama ndikudziwa njira zina zomwe mungatumizire katundu. Njira yolumikizirana pakati pa China ndi Serbia ili ndi njira zitatu zazikulu zoyendera, kutumiza katundu panyanja, ndi zina zotero. katundu wa njanji ndi katundu wonyamuliraChilichonse chili ndi mbiri yosiyana ya mtengo, nthawi yoyendera, komanso momwe zinthu zingagwiritsidwire ntchito. Palibe njira imodzi yoyenera ndipo njira yoyenera imadalira kuchuluka kwa katundu, mtengo wa katundu, kufunika kwachangu komanso nkhani zokhudza ndalama.
Kutumiza katundu wambiri kumayendetsedwa bwino kudzera m'madoko akuluakulu aku China (Shanghai, Ningbo, Guangzhou) kupita ku madoko apafupi kwambiri omwe amatumikira Serbia - nthawi zambiri Bar (Montenegro), Thessaloniki (Greece) kapena Koper (Slovenia) - kumatenga masiku pafupifupi 30-45, ndipo kutumiza katundu pakhomo ndi khomo kuphatikizapo mayendedwe amkati kumakhala pafupifupi masiku 45-55. Ndalama pa katundu aliyense zimakhala zovuta kuziposa pa katundu wosakhala wa nthawi zonse.
Kutumiza sitima kudzera pa sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe Railway Express kwakhala njira yapakati: yothamanga kuposa ya panyanja (nthawi zambiri masiku 18-25 kupita ku Balkans), yotsika mtengo kuposa yamlengalenga ndipo yodalirika kwambiri pamene ntchito yomanga njanji ya Belt and Road ikupitirira. Pa kutumiza mwachangu pakati pa 1 mpaka 10 CBM, sitima ikhoza kukhala njira yokongola yomwe otumiza ambiri sanaganizire bwino.
Kunyamula katundu pandege kumathamanga (masiku atatu mpaka 7) koma kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pa katundu wokwera mtengo, wolemera pang'ono kapena wodzazanso zinthu mwadzidzidzi. Pa $3.50-$6.00 pa kilogalamu kutengera njira ndi nyengo, masamu sagwira ntchito kawirikawiri pazinthu wamba zamalonda.
Gome 1: Kuyerekeza kwa Njira Yotumizira Ku China ndi Serbia (Zolemba za 2025–2026)
| Njira Yotumiza | Nthawi Yoyenda | Mtengo Woyerekeza (FCL/FEU) | Zabwino Kwambiri |
| Ocean Freight (FCL) | Masiku 30–45 (panyanja) + mkati mwa dziko | $2,500–$3,500 / FEU kupita ku Med. | Kutumiza kochuluka, katundu wosakhala wachangu |
| Ocean Freight (LCL) | Masiku 40-55 (khomo ndi khomo) | $35–$65 / CBM (mtengo woyambira) | Mavoliyumu ang'onoang'ono pansi pa 12–15 CBM |
| Sitima Yonyamula katundu (China-Europe) | Masiku 18-25 | $1,200–$2,200 / CBM equiv. | Kufulumira kwapakatikati, pakati pa voliyumu |
| Kutumiza kwa Air | Masiku 3-7 | $3.50–$6.00/kg | Mtengo wapamwamba, wolemera pang'ono, wachangu |
Zifukwa Zisanu ndi Chimodzi Zopangira Ogulitsa Kunja Ndalama Zochulukirapo - ndi Zoyenera Kuchita Pa Chilichonse
Kugula pa Migwirizano ya CIF Popanda Kukayikira Katundu
Mwina ichi ndi cholakwika chofala kwambiri komanso chokwera mtengo kwambiri pakati pa malonda pakati pa China ndi Serbia. Ngati mukugwirizana pa mitengo ya CIF, wogulitsa waku China adzakonza katunduyo. Wogulitsayo amalemba ndi wotumiza katundu yemwe ali naye pachibwenzi (ndipo nthawi zambiri amalandira kuchotsera kapena kubwezera ndalama pamtengo wotumizira katundu) ndipo wogula sadziwa kuti mitengo yeniyeni yamsika ndi yotani. Mwanjira yolembedwa bwino, kuchuluka kwa katundu wonyamula katundu ndi 15-30% kuposa mitengo yamsika kuli ponseponse m'gawoli. CIF Ngati mutasamukira ku malamulo a FOB (Free On Board) ndikugwiritsa ntchito wotumiza katundu wanu, mutha kuwongolera mtengowu ndikudula chizindikirocho.
Kusankha FCL Pamene LCL Ili Yolondola — kapena Mosiyana
Pamene LCL ndi yotsika mtengo kuposa FCL mu mtengo wonse ndi pafupifupi 13–15 CBM. Pansi pa malire amenewo, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika mtengo kugawana malo okhala ndi zotengera ndi otumiza ena kuposa kusunga chidebe chonse. Pamaziko a CBM iliyonse, FCL ndi yotsika mtengo ndipo imapereka ulamuliro wochulukirapo pa katundu kuposa iyo. Otumiza ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu umodzi wokha mosasamala kanthu kuti katunduyo ndi wamkulu bwanji. Wogula nthawi zonse amene amatumiza 8 CBM mu chidebe cha mamita 20 akulipira 14 CBM ya malo opanda kanthu. Pakadali pano, wogula amene akutumiza 18 CBM ndi LCL akutaya ndalama zogulira mtengo wa FCL pamtengo uwu.
Kunyalanyaza Ndalama Zobisika ndi Ndalama Zopita
Mitengo ya katundu wa m'nyanja nthawi zambiri si yokwanira. Mtengo woyambira ndi wa sitima yapamadzi koma kutumiza kuchokera ku China kupita ku Serbia kumafuna: Bunker Adjustment Factor (BAF) kapena ndalama zowonjezera mafuta, Terminal Handling Charge (THC) poyambira, Destination Delivery Charge (DDC) padoko lolandirira katundu, Container Freight Station (CFS) yolipirira katundu wa LCL, ndalama zochotsera katundu wakunja ndi magalimoto amkati kuchokera padoko kupita ku adilesi yomaliza yotumizira ku Serbia. Mtengo woyambira wa LCL wa $45/CBM ukhoza kukhala $90-130/CBM ndalama zonse zikawonjezedwa. Otumiza kunja omwe akupanga zisankho zotengera mitengo yoyambira akuyerekeza maapulo ndi malalanje.
Gome 2: Kuwerengera Mtengo Kwa LCL — China kupita ku Serbia (Pa Kuyerekeza kwa CBM)
| Mtengo wagawo | Mtundu Wamba (pa CBM iliyonse) | zolemba |
| Katundu wa m'nyanja | $ 35- $ 65 | Zimasiyanasiyana ndi chonyamulira ndi nyengo |
| Ndalama za THC ndi CFS zoyambira | $ 8- $ 15 | Amalipiritsa pa doko la ku China |
| Ndalama yowonjezera ya mafuta / BAF | $ 5- $ 12 | Amasinthasintha ndi mitengo yamafuta |
| Ndalama zolipirira DDC / doko zomwe zikupita | $ 10- $ 20 | Doko la Bar / Thessaloniki / Koper |
| Chilolezo cha misonkho (Serbia) | $80–$200 pa katundu aliyense | Wogulitsa waluso amalimbikitsa |
| Kukwera magalimoto opita kumtunda kupita komwe mukupita | $100–$300+ nyumba yogona | Mtunda kuchokera ku doko kupita ku mzinda wotumizira |
| Ndalama zonse zomwe zaganiziridwa kuti zagwiritsidwa ntchito pofika pamalopo | $90–$130 / CBM + ndalama zokhazikika | Zosinthasintha kwambiri; nthawi zonse pezani mitengo yonse |
Kusagwiritsa Ntchito Satifiketi Yoyambira ya China-Serbia FTA
Kuyambira pa Julayi 1, 2024, Pangano la Malonda Aulere pakati pa China ndi Serbia lachotsa misonkho pa mitundu yoposa 60% ya zinthu, cholinga chake ndi kupeza chiwongola dzanja cha 95%. Asanayambe FTA, oitanitsa ochokera ku Serbia analipila msonkho wa 5-20% wa katundu wochokera ku China. Ndalama ya $50,000 yamtengo wapatali wa $50,000 CIF imabweretsa msonkho wa 10% wa $5,000 - zonse zikupita ndi mapepala oyenera a FTA. Koma pali ambiri otumiza ochokera kunja omwe sadziwa za FTA kapena momwe angapezere Satifiketi Yoyambira Yoyenera (Fomu ya China-Serbia FTA) kapena amadalira ogulitsa omwe sakupereka. Iyi ndi ndalama yeniyeni ndipo ingapewedwe kwathunthu ndi zikalata zochepa.
Kusawerengera Nthawi Yotumizira Zinthu Mozungulira Mitengo
"Palibe katundu wokhazikika wochokera ku China kupita ku Europe. Amatsatira zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayembekezeredwa - mitengo nthawi zambiri imakwera pafupifupi Chaka Chatsopano cha ku China (kumapeto kwa Januwale/kumayambiriro kwa February) komanso kachiwiri mu Ogasiti-Seputembala asanafike tchuthi pamene ogulitsa akumadzulo akumanga zinthu za kotala lachinayi. Nthawi zambiri, mitengo yotsika kwambiri imawonekera kuyambira Meyi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Julayi komanso kumapeto kwa February mpaka Epulo. Ponseponse, kuchuluka kwa katundu kwakhala kwabwino kwa ogulitsa ochokera kunja mu 2025-2026. Kukula kwa magalimoto ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu kwasunga mitengo ya ziwiya pansi kwambiri pamlingo wa 2021-2022. Njira yonse yoyendera m'misewu ya Asia-Europe ndi kutsika kwa mitengo. Ogulitsa ochokera kunja omwe amatha kuwerengera nthawi yogulira kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wotumizira katundu kunja kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kusunga ndalama zambiri popanda kusintha zina.
Kugwira Ntchito ndi Opereka Zinthu Osadziwa Zambiri kapena Ogawanika
Makampani ambiri otumiza katundu ochokera kunja amaphatikiza zinthu zawo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa angapo - wothandizira ku China wogulitsa katundu wotumizidwa kunja, wogulitsa katundu wosiyana ku Serbia, ndi kampani yoyendetsa magalimoto akumaloko. Kupereka kulikonse ndi malo olephera komanso mwayi wopeza ndalama. Makampani ophatikizana omwe amaphimba unyolo wonse - kutumiza katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena, kutumiza katundu kuchokera kunja, kutumiza katundu m'nyanja, kutumiza katundu kuchokera kumayiko ena ku Serbia, ndi kutumiza katundu mkati mwa dzikolo - nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa katundu wonyamula katundu, kuyankha mwachangu mavuto komanso kuyankha bwino. Popanda kupulumutsa chilichonse, njira yogawa katundu pang'onopang'ono imangogawa ndalamazo pakati pa ma invoice angapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzizindikira.
Mwayi wa FTA: Kodi Mukupeza Ndalama Zanu Zosungira Zero-Tariff?
Mgwirizano wa China ndi Serbia FTA uyenera gawo lake chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri zomwe sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi mgwirizanowu, womwe unasainidwa mu Okutobala 2023 ndipo unayamba kugwira ntchito pa Julayi 1, 2024, Serbia yalonjeza kuchotsa msonkho pa katundu waku China, kuphatikizapo magalimoto, ma module a photovoltaic, mabatire a lithiamu, zida zolumikizirana, makina ndi zinthu zotsutsana - magulu omwe kale anali ndi msonkho kuyambira 5% mpaka 20%. Pobwezera, China idachotsa msonkho pa zinthu zaulimi zaku Serbia ndi zinthu zina zotumizidwa kunja.
Kuti ayenerere kulandira mitengo yokwera mtengo, otumiza katundu ayenera kukhala ndi Satifiketi Yoyambira yovomerezeka yoperekedwa motsatira dongosolo la China-Serbia FTA pamodzi ndi katundu wawo. Satifiketi iyi imatsimikizira komwe katunduyo adachokera ku China ndipo motero akuyenerera kulandira chithandizo chapadera. Wotumiza katundu waku China amafunsira kwa akuluakulu aku China (nthawi zambiri bungwe la China Council for the Promotion of International Trade kapena bungwe lovomerezeka la kasitomu) kuti alandire satifiketiyo. Ndi udindo wa wotumiza katunduyo kufunsa komwe akuchokera kuti aone ngati mapepalawo aperekedwa bwino ndikuwapatsa makasitomala aku Serbia panthawi yovomerezeka.
Choopsa ndi kusasamala. Si ogulitsa onse aku China omwe amasamalira zikalata za FTA mwachangu. Ngati wopereka wanu sanatchulepo Satifiketi Yoyambira muzokambirana zanu zogula, funsani za izi. Kusiyana pakati pa kulipira msonkho wa 10-15% ndi kusalipira kalikonse ndiko kusiyana pakati pa kutumiza kunja kopindulitsa ndi kosapindulitsa m'magulu angapo azinthu.
Gome 3: Zitsanzo za Kusunga Mtengo wa FTA pa Kutumiza kwa CIF kwa $100,000
| Chigamulo cha mankhwala | Chiwongola dzanja cha msonkho wa pre-FTA | Chiwongola dzanja cha pambuyo pa FTA | Kusunga ndalama pa $100K CIF |
| Zithunzi za Photovoltaic | 10% | 0% | $10,000 |
| Mabatire a lifiyamu | 15% | 0% | $15,000 |
| zida zoyankhulirana | 8% | 0% | $8,000 |
| Makina & zida | 5 - 12% | 0% | $ 5,000- $ 12,000 |
| Nsalu (ma code osankhidwa a HS) | 12% | 0% | $12,000 |
Kusankha Wothandizana Naye Woyenera Logistics
Mukhoza kukhala ndi chidziwitso chonse cha njira padziko lonse lapansi koma sizili zofunika kwenikweni popanda mnzanu wothandizana naye amene angathe kuchita zinthu. Ogulitsa kunja amafunika kuwunika ogwirizana nawo pazifukwa zingapo kupatula mtengo, makamaka pa msewu wa China-Serbia: chidziwitso ndi njira zoyendetsera kasitomu ku Balkans, kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana (panyanja, pa sitima, pamlengalenga), kuzama kwa ubale wa onyamula katundu panjira za China-Europe, komanso kuwonekera bwino pamitengo - kutanthauza mawu onse omwe amaphimba ndalama zonse zomwe zikuyembekezeka.
Apa ndi pomwe Topway Shipping imapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja omwe amagwira ntchito pa msewu uwu. Topway Shipping idakhazikitsidwa ku Shenzhen mu 2010, ndipo ili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo m'mbali zonse za kayendetsedwe ka katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Gulu loyambitsa ili lili ndi zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo pa kayendetsedwe ka katundu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchotsera katundu wa misonkho, komanso luso logwira ntchito bwino pa kutumiza katundu koyamba, kusunga katundu kunja kwa dziko, kuchotsa katundu wa misonkho komanso kutumiza katundu womaliza.
Topway Shipping imapereka ntchito zosinthira za FCL ndi LCL zonyamula katundu wa m'nyanja kwa otumiza katundu ochokera ku China kupita ku Serbia kupita ku madoko onse akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza zipata za Mediterranean ndi Adriatic zomwe zimatumikira msika wa Serbia. Kaya kunyamula phale limodzi la zamagetsi kapena chidebe chonse cha makina amafakitale, chitsanzo chogwirizana cha Topway chimathetsa vuto la kugawikana - mnzawo m'modzi, mfundo imodzi yodziyimira pawokha, ndi kapangidwe ka mitengo kozikidwa pa kuwonekera bwino, osati kuonekera bwino.
Ngati ndinu watsopano ku China - Serbia corridor kapena mukuganiza zokonzanso unyolo wogulitsa womwe ulipo, njira yolangizira ya Topway Shipping imatanthauza kuti kukambirana kumayamba ndi zofunikira pa bizinesi yanu, osati khadi la mitengo yanthawi zonse. Kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira mukakonza unyolo wovuta wazinthu, osati kungosungitsa bokosi.
Mndandanda Wothandiza Wokhudza Kuchepetsa Mtengo wa Zinthu Zotumizidwa ku Serbia
Ngati ndinu wogulitsa katundu wochokera kunja ndipo mukufuna kuchitapo kanthu tsopano, njira zotsatirazi pamodzi zidzakuthandizani kusunga ndalama popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe kake pa unyolo wanu wopereka katundu.
Kenako sinthani zina mwa zomwe mwagula ku FOB, ndipo konzani katundu kudzera pa forwarder yanu. Ngakhale mutatenga katundu kamodzi kokha poyesa, mutha kudziwa ngati wogulitsa wanu anali kukwaniritsa zofunikira poyerekezera ndalama zonse za FOB kuphatikiza zonyamula katundu ndi ndalama zanu zakale za CIF.
Funsani ogulitsa anu aku China ngati akupereka Satifiketi Yoyambira pansi pa China-Serbia FTA pa kutumiza kulikonse koyenerera. Ngati sakudziwa za njirayi, awadziwitseni izi ndipo thandizani broker wanu wa kasitomu ku Serbia ngati kuli kofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikalata zolondola zaperekedwa pa clearing.
Pezani mitengo yonse kuchokera kwa kampani yotumiza katundu wanu, osati mitengo yoyambira ya nyanja yokha. Mtengowo uyenera kulipira ndalama zonse kuyambira pakhomo la fakitale yaku China mpaka pakhomo lanu ku Serbia: kutenga katundu, kutumiza katundu kunja, katundu wa m'nyanja, ndalama zonse zowonjezera, misonkho ya doko lopita, chilolezo cha misonkho yochokera kunja ndi kutumiza katundu mkati mwa dziko. Njira ina iliyonse si kufananiza mtengo weniweni.
Yang'anani mbiri ya kukula kwa katundu wanu. Ngati nthawi zonse mumatumiza katundu wochepera 12 CBM, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito LCL combination. Ngati mukutumiza katundu woposa 15 CBM, mtengo wake ndi FCL. Ngati muli pakati, lembani manambala pazosankha zonse ziwiri za ulendo wanu.
Pomaliza, sunthani kutumiza kwanu ku Januwale, Ogasiti ndi Seputembala pamene ndalama ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu zilola. Ngakhale kusinthasintha pang'ono mu kalendala yanu yogulira kungakupulumutseni 10-20% pa katundu popewa kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu zomwe zimawononga nthawi yayitali.
Kutsiliza
Njira yotumizira katundu pakati pa China ndi Serbia yakhala ikukula kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo malo ogwirira ntchito - FTA, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa malonda ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu kuyambira 2025 mpaka 2026 - ndi abwino kwambiri pochepetsa ndalama zoyendera kwa ogulitsa katundu ochokera kunja. Koma msika sudzapereka ndalama zotere zokha. Ayenera kukhala ndi cholinga. Kuwunikanso malamulo osasinthika, kufunsa mnzanu woyenerera wokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka katundu, kulemba zikalata za FTA moyenera ndikupanga zisankho zolondola zokhudzana ndi njira yotumizira katundu kutengera momwe mtengo wake umaonekera.
Anthu ambiri ochokera kunja omwe amawononga ndalama zambiri ku China - katundu wa ku Serbia sakuchita izi chifukwa palibe njira zina, akuchita izi chifukwa cha ulesi, chidziwitso chofooka komanso makonzedwe osagwirizana azinthu. Mavuto onsewa amatha kuthetsedwa. Anthu ochokera kunja omwe amatenga nthawi kuti azitha kuwasamalira mwadongosolo adzapeza kuti mpikisano wawo ukuyenda bwino osati chifukwa chakuti mitengo ya ogulitsa awo yatsika, koma chifukwa chakuti ndalama zawo zoyendetsera zinthu zatsika.
Kugwirizana ndi mnzanu wodziwa bwino ntchito monga Topway Shipping kungathandize kuti ntchitoyi ipitirire mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale zaka zoposa 15 zaukadaulo wokhudza kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, ubale wabwino ndi makampani onyamula katundu, komanso kuwonekera bwino kwa zinthuzo. Ndalama zomwe zasungidwa zilipo. Funso ndilakuti kodi mwakonzeka kuzigwira?
Ibibazo
Q: Kodi FTA ya China-Serbia imagwira ntchito pazinthu zonse?
A: Kodi pali msonkho wa zero pa zinthu zonse nthawi yomweyo? A: Ayi, komabe pali nkhani zambiri. Kuchotsedwa koyamba kwa msonkho kunaphatikizapo zoposa 60% ya mizere yazinthu pa Julayi 1, 2024, ndipo kukanapangitsa kuti pakhale msonkho wa zero pa 95% ya zinthu panthawi yonse yogulitsa. Funsani broker wanu wa kasitomu kuti mutsimikizire khodi yolondola ya HS ya katundu wanu mu ndondomeko ya msonkho wa FTA.
Q: Kodi nthawi yotumizira katundu kuchokera ku China kupita ku Serbia panyanja ndi yotani?
Yankho: Mwachidule, nthawi yofulumira yoyendera katundu wa panyanja kupita khomo ndi khomo ingakhale pafupifupi masiku 40-45; mwa izi, nthawi yoyenda panyanja kupita ku doko la Mediterranean/Adriatic ndi masiku 30-35, kuphatikiza kuchotsera msonkho wa msonkho ndi magalimoto akuluakulu kupita kumalo omaliza. Pa katundu wa sitima, imatha kuchepetsedwa kufika pa masiku pafupifupi 25 mpaka 30 kuchokera pakhomo ndi khomo.
Q: Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito LCL kapena FCL potumiza katundu wanga ku Serbia?
Yankho: Lamulo lalikulu ndi lakuti LCL ya katundu wochepera 12-13 CBM ndi FCL ya chilichonse choposa 15 CBM. Yerekezerani mitengo yonse ya zosankha zonse ziwiri mkati mwa zofunikira zina chifukwa chuma chingasinthe mbali iliyonse kutengera njira ndi nthawi.
Q: Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati wogulitsa wanga akulemba mtengo wa katundu wa CIF?
Yankho: Mayeso osavuta ndikupeza wogulitsa wanu kuti akupatseni mtengo woyerekeza wa FOB, kenako ndikupeza mtengo wa katundu kuchokera kwa wotumiza katundu monga Topway Shipping wa njira yomweyo. Ngati CIF yanu yonse ndi yokwera kuposa 1-2% kuposa FOB kuphatikiza katundu, mwina mukulipira ndalama zowonjezera.
Q: Kodi madoko omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi ati? katundu wapanyanja kuchokera ku China kupita ku Serbia?
A: Zipata zitatu zodziwika bwino zoyendera katundu ku Serbia ndi Port of Koper (Slovenia), Port of Thessaloniki (Greece) ndi Port of Bar (Montenegro). "Njira yabwino kwambiri imadalira mzinda wanu womaliza wotumizira katundu ku Serbia komanso nthawi yomwe makampani onyamula katundu akugwiritsa ntchito panjira iliyonse."
