Kuisa CE Marking & China Exports kuPortugal: Zvinodiwa
ziviso
Kana uri mutengesi wekuChina anotengesa kunze kwenyika kana mutengesi we e-commerce anoda kutengesa muPortugal, unofanirwa kuziva zvinoreva CE marking. Ndiyo kiyi yekupinda. Portugal inhengo yakazara yeEuropean Union neEuropean Economic Area (EEA), saka ine mitemo yakafanana yekutevedzera zvigadzirwa sevamwe vemuEU. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinhu zvinotumirwa kubva kuChina zvinofanirwa kunge zvine CE mark inoshanda zvisati zvatengeswa zviri pamutemo muPortugal, online, kana kuburikidza nenzira dzemuno.
Chiratidzo cheConformite Europeenne (CE) cheEU pamwe nechiratidzo chinombonzi "China Export" zvakafanana zvikuru, izvo zvinoita kuti nyaya iyi ive yakaoma kupfuura zvainoita. European Commission yakataura pachena kuti hapana chiratidzo chepamutemo che "China Export" sechiyero chemutemo, asi kuchine kuvhiringidzika kukuru mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese. Kutengeserana kwemitengo kwakamisa, kwakabhadharisa faindi, kana kubvisa zvigadzirwa zvine huwandu husina kunaka kana zviratidzo zveCE zvisina kuiswa nemazvo. Kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika vekuChina, kuziva musiyano uye nzira yese yekutevedzera mitemo hakusi nzira yakanakisisa chete, zvakare zvakakosha kuita bhizinesi muPortugal nedzimwe nyika dzeEU.
Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura zvakadzama kuti CE marking chii, kuti ndeapi magadzirirwo anodiwa, kuti zvinhu zvinopinzwa sei muPortugal, uye kuti nyanzvi dzekutakura zvinhu dzakadai seTopway Shipping dzinogona sei kuita kuti cheni yese yekugovera zvinhu ifambe zvakanaka kubva kuShenzhen kuenda kuLisbon.
Chii chinonzi CE Marking - Uye Chii Chisiri
Conformite Europeenne, zvinoreva kuti "European Conformity" muchiFrench, ndizvo zvinomiririrwa neCE. Mamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa asati atengeswa chero kupi muEEA, iyo inosanganisira nyika dzese makumi maviri nenomwe dzeEU (kusanganisira Portugal), anofanira kunge aine chiratidzo chekutevedzera mutemo. Chiratidzo ichi hachisi chitambi chinobva kuhurumende chinotaura kuti zvinhu zvakanaka kana kuti chiratidzo chekubudirira. Asi, chirevo chemugadziri, chinova chiratidzo chekuti chigadzirwa ichi chinosangana nemitemo yese yehutano, kuchengetedzeka, uye nharaunda yeEU.
Chiratidzo cheCE chinoreva kuti munhu ari kutarisira, kungave mugadziri wekutanga wekuChina, mutengesi weEU, kana mumiriri ane mvumo, aita ongororo inodiwa yekutevedzera zvinodiwa, akaisa gwaro rehunyanzvi, uye akasaina Chiziviso cheEU cheKutevedzera (DoC). Kana maitiro iwayo aitwa nemazvo, chiratidzo cheCE chinogona kuiswa pachigadzirwa, uye chinogona kufamba zvakasununguka pakati penyika dzese dziri nhengo dzeEEA pasina chikonzero chekubvumidzwa zvakare padanho renyika.
Kuvhiringidzika kukuru pamusoro pe "China Export" kunobva mukukanganisa kuri mulogo pachayo. Pane nzvimbo yakati wandei pakati pemabhii C neE ari muchiratidzo chepamutemo cheCE. Kana mabhii ari pedyo zvakanyanya, mhedzisiro yacho inoita sechiratidzo chakasiyana chiri kutenderera online chinonzi "China Export." European Commission yakaongorora nyaya iyi uye haina kuwana humbowo hwechiratidzo chepamutemo cheChinese Export; dambudziko rinonyanya kuve rakaipa, kwete hutsotsi hwakarongwa. Zvisinei, mhedzisiro kune vanotumira kunze yakafanana: kana logo yako yeCE isingasvike saizi nehukuru hunodiwa, tsika dzinogona kumisa, kumisa, kana kuramba zvinhu zvako.
Ndezvipi Zvigadzirwa Zvinoda CE Marking Pakutumira kuPortugal
Haasi marudzi ese ezvigadzirwa anofanira kunge aine CE label. Mitemo neMitemo yeEU's New Approach Directives and Regulations, iyo inofukidza mamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa, ndiyo yakaita kuti zvinodiwa zviitwe. Pari zvino kune mitemo nemirairo yekumaka CE inopfuura makumi matatu iri kushanda muEU. Kune makambani ekuChina anoda kutengesa kuPortugal, mapoka akakosha ndeaya:
| Product Category | Murairo/Mutemo Unoshanda | Zvinyorwa Zvitsva |
| Consumer Electronics | Chirevo cheVoltage Yakaderera (2014/35/EU), Chirevo cheEMC (2014/30/EU) | Kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi, kuenderana kwemagetsi |
| Midziyo isina waya/yeredhiyo | Radio Equipment Directive (RED) 2014/53/EU | WiFi, Bluetooth, LTE, 5G zvishandiso |
| Toys | Toy Safety Directive (2009/48/EC) | Kuchengetedzeka kwemuviri, kwemakanika, uye kwemakemikari |
| michini | Michina Directive (2006/42/EC) | Kuongorora njodzi, magwaro ehunyanzvi |
| Medical mano | MDR (EU) 2017/745 | Kuziviswa kwekubatanidzwa kwemuviri kunodiwa |
| Zvimwe Zvokudzivirira Zvokushandisa | Mutemo wePPE (EU) 2016/425 | Chitupa chebato rechitatu chinodiwa |
| Kuvaka Zvigadzirwa | Mutemo weZvigadzirwa zveKuvaka (EU) 305/2011 | Kuziviswa Kwekushanda Kunodiwa |
| Midziyo yeMakemikoro/Magetsi | RoHS Directive (2011/65/EU) | Kurambidzwa kwezvinhu zvine ngozi |
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti CE marking inongodiwa chete kune zvigadzirwa zvinowira pasi pemurairo mumwe chete unoshanda. Mutemo weEU unotiwo haugone kuisa CE marking pachigadzirwa chisingachidi. Vatengesi vekuChina vanofanirwa kunyatsoongorora kuti ndeapi mitemo inoshanda kune chigadzirwa chavo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mitemo inopfuura imwe inoshanda panguva imwe chete. Semuenzaniso, toy yemagetsi ingangofanira kutevedzera RoHS Directive, Low Voltage Directive, uye Toy Safety Directive zvese panguva imwe chete.
Maitiro Ekutevedzera CE Marking: Nhanho neNhanho
European Commission inotsanangura CE marking senzira ine matanho matanhatu, uye kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika vekuChina, danho rega rega rine huremu hwepamutemo. Kana ukakanganisa chero nguva, chitupa chose chinogona kushaya basa, uye musika unogona kuchiramba nemutengo wakakwira.
Danho 1: Ziva Inoshanda Directives
Danho rekutanga nderekuva nechokwadi chekuti unoziva mitemo nemirairo yeEU inoshanda pazvinhu zvako. Izvi hazvisi nyore nguva dzose nekuti hapana kana database imwe chete yeEU inobatanidza mhando dzezvigadzirwa nemutemo unoshanda kwavari. Vatengesi vekunze vanofanirwa kutarisa muBlue Guide yeEU, kutarisa database yeTARIC, kana kuhaya nyanzvi yekutevedzera mitemo kuti vaone kuti chigadzirwa chavo chinokodzera mutemo upi.
Danho rechipiri: Tarisa Zvinodiwa zveDirective yega yega
Murayiro wega wega une mitemo yakakosha yekugadzira, kushanda, kuchengetedzeka, uye kuti chigadzirwa chichakanganisa sei nharaunda. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kuziva chaizvo zvinodiwa nemirairo yega yega. Official Journal of the EU inoburitsa hunhu hweEuropean standards (EN standards). Kuzadzisa mitemo iyi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuona kuti uri kutevedzera mitemo iyi.
Danho rechitatu: Ongorora Kana Mutumbi Wakaziviswa Uchidikanwa
Vagadziri vanogona kuzvisimbisa vega zvigadzirwa zvine njodzi shoma vachishandisa Module A (internal production control). Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanozviitira bvunzo dzavo vega, vanoisa gwaro rehunyanzvi, uye vanoburitsa Chiziviso Chekutevedzera Mutemo. Kune zvinhu zvine njodzi, zvakadai semidziyo yekurapa, michina yekudzivirira, uye mamwe marudzi emichina, zvinodikanwa nemutemo kuti Notified Body inotenderwa neEU (sangano rekuongorora nekupa chitupa rechitatu) ivepo. Chiratidzo cheCE chisati chaiswa, Notified Bodies inofanirwa kuita bvunzo dzeEU-Type uye kupa maCertificate of Conformity.
Danho rechina: Edza Chigadzirwa uye Unyore Faira reTechnical
Kuyedzwa kunofanira kuratidza kuti zvinodiwa zvese zvakakosha zvazadzikiswa. Faira rehunyanzvi rinofanira kusanganisira ruzivo urwu, senge tsananguro dzechigadzirwa, madhirowa edhizaini, mishumo yebvunzo, kuongororwa kwenjodzi, zviyero zvakashandiswa, uye ruzivo nezve maitiro ekuongorora kuenderana. Unofanira kuchengeta faira iri kwemakore gumi mushure mekunge chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chatengeswa, uye unofanira kuripa kune vane masimba pavanokumbira.
Danho rechishanu: Kuburitsa Chiziviso cheEU chekutevedzera
Chiziviso cheEU cheKubvumirana (DoC) igwaro repamutemo rinosainwa nemugadziri kana mumiriri wavo ane mvumo weEU. Rinoti chigadzirwa ichi chinosangana nemitemo yese yeEU nemitemo inoshanda kwachiri. DoC inofanira kunge iine ruzivo rwakakosha, senge zita remugadziri, tsananguro yechigadzirwa, runyorwa rwemirairo yakakodzera, mareferensi kune zviyero zvakashandiswa, uye siginecha inosimbiswa pamutemo.
Nhanho 6: Namira CE Marking
Chiratidzo cheCE chinogona kuiswa pachigadzirwa mushure mekunge matanho ese ari pamusoro apa apera. Chiratidzo chinofanira kunge chakajeka, chiri nyore kuverenga, uye chisingaperi. Chinofanira kunge chakareba 5mm uye chine nzvimbo yakakwana pakati pemabhii C neE. Apa ndipo panokonzera matambudziko nemalogo asina saizi yakakodzera. Kana usingakwanise kuisa chiratidzo cheCE zvakananga pazvinhu, chinofanira kunge chiri papakeji kana pamapepa anouya nacho.
Zvinodiwa zveKupinza Zvinhu zveChina muPortugal
Pamusoro pekutevedzera mitemo yekumaka CE, vatengesi vekuChina vanotumira zvinhu kuPortugal vanofanirwa kuzadzisa zvisungo zvemitero, mitero, uye mapepa chaiwo pamuganhu. Portugal inotevedzera mitemo yemitero yeEU, asi inewo mitemo yayo inosimbiswa nePortugal Tax and Customs Authority (Autoridade Tributaria e Aduaneira, kana AT).
Kupatsanurwa kwetsika uye TARIC
Mutemo weEU weCombined Nomenclature (CN) ikodhi yemitero ine manhamba masere iyo zvinhu zvese zvinopinda muPortugal zvichibva kuChina zvinofanira kushandiswa. Kodhi yeTARIC, iyo inomiririra "Integrated Tariff," inoumbwa nemamwe manhamba maviri. Ine ruzivo nezvemitero, matanho ekudzivirira dumping, quotas, nezvimwe zvishandiso zvemutemo wekutengeserana. Zvinhu zvinobva kuChina zvinogona kubhadhara muripo wenguva dzose wenyika yechitatu, uye mune dzimwe nguva, muripo wekudzivirira dumping unoita kuti kupinza zvinhu izvi kudhure zvikuru. Vasati vatumira zvinhu zvavo, vanotumira kunze kwenyika vanofanira kutarisa makodhi ezvigadzirwa zvavo mudhatabhesi reTARIC.
Kuverengwa Kwemitengo Yetsika uye Kuverengwa Kwemitero
Nzira yeCIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) inoshandiswa nePortugal kuona kuti ingani muripo wemutero wemutero wemutero. Izvi zvinoreva kuti muripo wemutero unosanganisira kukosha kwezvigadzirwa, mutengo wekutumira, uye mutengo weinishuwarenzi kumuganhu wePortugal. Vatengesi vekuChina vanofanirwa kuziva izvi zvakanaka nekuti mari yakawanda yekutumira inowedzera zvakananga mutero wemutero wemutero, uye nekudaro, kuverenga VAT zvakare.
| Mutero/Muripo Rudzi | mutengo | Basis | Notes |
| Customs Duty | Kusiyana (0–12%+) | CIF mutengo | Zvichienderana neHS code neTARIC; anti-dumping inogona kushanda |
| VAT (IVA) — Yakajairika | 23% | CIF + Mutero wemutero | Inoshandiswa pazvinhu zvakawanda; inogona kudzoserwa nemakambani akanyoreswa neVAT |
| VAT (IVA) — Yepakati nepakati | 13% | CIF + Mutero wemutero | Zvimwe zvekudya, zvigadzirwa zvekurima, mabasa emahotera |
| VAT (IVA) — Yakaderedzwa | 6% | CIF + Mutero wemutero | Zvinhu zvinokosha, mabhuku, mimwe mishonga |
| Mutero weZvinhu zveDigital | 3% | Transaction value | Zvitsva kubva muna Ndira 2025 zvemasevhisi edhijitari/e-goods |
| De Minimis Threshold | EUR 175 | Declared value | Kutumirwa kuri pasi peizvi kunogona kukodzera kurapwa kuri nyore |
Kukurumidza kwePortugal kuenda kukuchinja kwedhijitari muzvinhu zvemutero ndicho chinhu chikuru chichaitika muna 2025. Nzvimbo ye eAduana inofanira kunge yatanga kushanda panosvika chikamu chechitatu chegore ra2025. Izvi zvichakurumidzisa zvikuru nzira yekubvumidza zvinhu zvinotumirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa uye zvakafayirwa mudhijitari. Vatengesi vekunze nemakambani ekufambisa zvinhu vanochinja kuita nzira iyi yedhijitari vachakwanisa kugadzirisa zvinhu nekukurumidza. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, nguva yekubvumidza zvinhu kuti zvienderane nemitemo yatove pasi kusvika kumaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere.
Nhamba yeEORI uye Vashandisi Vezvehupfumi Vane Mvumo
Kuti vabudirire nemitengo yemutero muPortugal, vatengesi vanobva kunze kweEU nevamiriri vavo vari muEU vanofanirwa kunge vaine nhamba yeEORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification). Kana kambani yekuChina isati yatovepo muEU, nzira yakajairika yekuita bhizinesi ndeyekubata neanopinza zvinhu muPortugal kana EU ane nhamba yeEORI. Kune vanotumira zvinhu zvakawanda, kuwana chinzvimbo cheAuthorized Economic Operator (AEO) imwe sarudzo inogona kukurumidzisa kugadziriswa kwemitengo yemutero.
Chinodiwa cheMumiriri weEU
Pasi pemitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvigadzirwa yeEU, kunyanya Mutemo weGeneral Product Safety Regulation wakatanga kushanda zvizere muna 2024, vagadziri vane dzimba dzavo kunze kweEU vanofanirwa kudoma Munhu Ane Mutoro kana Mushandi wezvehupfumi ari muEU kune akawanda makirasi ezvigadzirwa ane CE-marked. Munhu uyu kana boka iri rine mutoro wepamutemo wekuona kuti mapepa ekutevera mitemo aripo, kushanda nevatungamiriri vekutarisa musika, uye kutora matanho ekugadzirisa kana zvichidikanwa. Kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika vekuChina, izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira kuhaya mumiriri wekutevera mitemo kana mugovanisi ane dzimbahwe muPortugal kana imwe nyika yeEU kuti aite izvi.
Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika Zvinoitwa Nevanotumira Zvinhu Kunze Kwenyika vekuChina
Ruzivo rwekutengeserana pakati peEU nenyika dziri nhengo dzayo, dzakadai sePortugal, mumakore akati wandei rwunoratidza kuti vatengesi vekuChina vanongogara vachityora mitemo. Kuziva nezvematambudziko aya pachine nguva kunogona kuchengetedza nguva nemari yakawanda.
Vanhu vanowanzoita chikanganiso chekufunga kuti chiratidzo cheCE kubva pachigadzirwa chekare kana modhi yakafanana chinoshanda pakarepo pachigadzirwa chitsva. Kutevedzera CE kwakasiyana pachigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe. Kana dhizaini, zvikamu, software, kana mamiriro ekushandisa zvikachinja, kuongororwa kutsva kwekutevedzera mitemo kunogona kudiwa. Vatengesi vazhinji vanosanganisa mwero wenyika yeChina (yakadai seCCC certification) nemwero yakabatana yeEU. Izvi hazvisi chinhu chimwe chete uye hazvigone kushandiswa panzvimbo peimwe neimwe.
Kunyorwa kwechiratidzo cheCE chisina kururama idambudziko rakakura zvinoshamisa. Sezvatakambotaura, nzvimbo inodiwa yechiratidzo cheCE yakakosha. Kutengeserana kwemitengo kwaita kuti zvinhu zvisatumirwe nekuti ma logo madiki (ari pasi pe5mm), ari pedyo zvakanyanya, kana kuti munzvimbo dzisingaonekwe kana kuverengwa. Ichi chikanganiso chinogona kugadziriswa, asi chinofanira kuitwa zvinhu zvisati zvabva mufekitori.
Rimwe dambudziko rinowanzoitika ndere mafaira ehunyanzvi asina kukwana. Dzimwe nguva, vagadziri vekuChina vanongogadzira mapepa kana vakumbirwa, kwete vasati vaita izvozvo. Asi mutemo weEU unoti faira rehunyanzvi rinofanira kunge rakagadzirwa usati waisa chiratidzo cheCE pamudziyo uye usati watanga kutengeswa muEU. Kana vakuru vezvemitero vekuPortugal kana vekuchengetedza musika vakakumbira magwaro asi asingawanikwe, chigadzirwa chacho chinogona kutorwa kana kudzoserwa kudare.
Chekupedzisira, vazhinji vanotumira kunze kwenyika havafungi kuti Chiziviso Chekutevedzera Mutemo igwaro rakakosha zvikuru. Chirevo chepamutemo chinofanira kusanganisira ruzivo rwakati. Mutemo weEU haugamuchire DoC yakajairika kana isiri yepamutemo, kana yakasainwa nemunhu asiri iye. Nekuti kusimbiswa kwemutemo wePortugal kwakaoma uye EU ine hurongwa hwekutarisa musika, zvikanganiso izvi zvemapepa zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya pamutemo uye zvemari.
Kunyora CE vs. Kutumira kunze kwenyika neChina: Kujekesa Kuvhiringidzika
Sezvo kusanganiswa kweCE/China Export kuchiwanzoonekwa mumamagazini ekutengeserana, pasocial media, uye kunyange muhurukuro dzeparamende, zvakakosha kutaura nezvazvo zvakananga. Muna 2024, Paramende yeEurope yakaunza nyaya iyi, ichiti zviratidzo zviviri izvi zvakafanana zvekuti zvinovhiringidza vatengi nevakuru vekunze. Mubvunzo weParamende wakataura kuti hapana zvakawanda zvinogona kuitwa zviri pamutemo kudzivirira vanhu kushandisa zvisirizvo CE marking nekuti haisi chiratidzo cheEU.
MuPortugal nedzimwe nyika dzeEEA, chiratidzo chepamutemo chevatengesi vekuChina ndicho chiratidzo cheConformite Europeenne cheEU. Kushandisa chero logo isingatevedzere chimiro cheCE, kungave nemaune kana nekukanganisa, kunoisa mutengesi kunze kwenyika neanopinza EU panjodzi yekurangwa. Nzira yakanakisa yekuchengetedza ndeyekushandisa mafaira eCE epamutemo kubva pawebhusaiti yeEuropean Commission muhukuru hwakakodzera uye kutarisa kuti kudhinda kana kunyora mazita pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chezvigadzirwa kunoenderana nezvinodiwa.
| mamiriro | CE (Conformite Europeenne) | CE (Yakasapihwa Zvisizvo / Fomati Isina Kururama) |
| Chinzvimbo Chepamutemo muEU/Portugal | Zvinozivikanwa zvizere uye zvinodiwa pamutemo | Hapana chinzvimbo chepamutemo; hwaro hwekuita zvekumanikidza |
| Zvarinoratidza | Kuchengetedzeka, hutano, uye kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza muEU | Hapana - hapana chiratidzo chemutemo chinozivikanwa |
| Ndiani Anoriburitsa | Mugadziri/mutengesi wezvinhu kunze kwenyika mushure mekuongororwa kwakakodzera kwekuenderana kwezvinodiwa | Hapana sangano rinoburitsa zvinhu — hachisi chiratidzo chepamutemo |
| Nzvimbo Inoonekwa | Musiyano wakatemwa pakati peC naE | Mabhii akabatana zvakanyanya; huwandu husina kururama |
| Kureba Kwakaderera | 5mm inodiwa | N / A |
| Zvinyorwa Zvinyorwa | Faira rehunyanzvi, DoC, mishumo yebvunzo | Hapana (hapana nzira yekutevedzera mitemo iripo) |
| Kugamuchirwa Kwetsika | Ehe, nemagwaro echokwadi ekutevedzera mitemo | Kwete — zvinogona kukonzera kusungwa kana kurambwa |
Kutumirwa kweTopway Kunotsigira Sei Kutengeswa Kwezvinhu Zvinobva KuChina nePortugal
Kutevedzera mitemo yeCE kunoenderana nekutevedzera mitemo yekutumira zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuPortugal, asi zvinhu zvakaomawo. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe cheketani yekugovera, kubva pasi pekugadzira muGuangdong kana Zhejiang kusvika kune imba yekuchengetera zvinhu muLisbon kana Porto, chinofanira kurongwa uye kuitwa nemazvo kuitira kuti pasave nekunonoka, kukuvara, kana mari yekuwedzera.
Topway Shipping, iri muShenzhen, China, yave iri kambani yehunyanzvi yekupa mhinduro dzezvinhu zvekutengeserana nekutengeserana kubva kumiganhu yenyika kubvira muna 2010. Topway ine ruzivo rwakawanda muChina-Europe corridor nekuti timu yayo yekutanga yakashanda mukutakura zvinhu pasi rose uye kubvisa zvinhu kubva kumitero kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu. Kambani iyi inonyanya kutarisa kuChina neUS, mabasa ayo anosanganisira zviteshi zvakakosha pasi rese, kusanganisira Leixoes (Porto) neLisbon, idzo dziri nzvimbo mbiri huru dzePortugal dzekutakura zvinhu.
Mabasa eTopway anofukidza zvese zvinodiwa, saka inzvimbo imwe chete yevatengesi vekuChina vanoda kutumira zvinhu zvine chiratidzo cheCE kuPortugal. Kambani iyi inotarisira kutakurwa kwekutanga kubva kufekitori kana mudura rekuchengetera zvinhu muChina, mhiri kwemakungwa. warehousing (izvo zvakakosha zvikuru kune vatengesi ve e-commerce vanoda kuzadzikiswa kweEU kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa nevatengi vekuPortugal neveEU), kubvumidzwa kwemitero kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemitero yePortugal neEU, uye kuendesa zvinhu kuvatengi kana nzvimbo dzekugovera muPortugal.
Topway inopa mabasa ekutakura zvinhu mugungwa ane mutoro wefull-container (FCL) uye less-than-container-load (LCL) kubva kuChina kuenda kumachiteshi makuru pasi rose kune mabhizinesi anotakura zvinhu zvakawanda. Mabasa ekubatanidza LCL anoita kuti vatengesi ve e-commerce vazivikanwe mumusika wePortugal nekutumira zvinhu zvidiki zvinogona kuwedzerwa sezvo kambani ichikura. Dzimwe nzira dzeFCL dzinopa vatengesi vane huwandu hwakakura nzvimbo yemidziyo yakatsaurirwa uye nguva yekufambisa yakavimbika uye mitengo.
Ruzivo rweTopway rwekubvumidzwa kwemitero yemutero rwakakosha zvikuru kune mamiriro ekutevedzera mitemo yeCE. Vatengesi vemitero vane ruzivo vanoziva zvinodiwa nemagwaro etsika dzemuPortugal, zvakaita seEU Declaration of Conformity, mafaira ehunyanzvi, uye nzvimbo chaiyo yechiratidzo cheCE. Vanogonawo kuona matambudziko vasati vakonzera kunonoka kunodhura. Kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika vekuChina vangave vasina kujaira kutevedzera mitemo yeEU, kushanda pamwe chete nemubatsiri wezvekutakura zvinhu anoziva maitiro ekutumira kunze kwenyika ekuChina uye mitemo yekutumira yemuPortugal ibhenefiti huru yekushanda.
Kuvaka Bhizinesi Rekutengesa Zvinhu Kunze Kwenyika Rinoenderera Mberi Pakati PeChina nePortugal
Portugal yave nzira iri kuwedzera kukwezva zvinhu zveChina kuti zvipinde mumusika weEU. Nekuti inyika yekumadokero kweEurope ine chiteshi chengarava cheAtlantic ine zvivakwa zvakanaka zvekutengeserana uye mukana wekupinda mumusika weEU, inzira yakanaka. Kune vatengesi vekuChina vanoita bhizinesi kunze kwemiganhu, huwandu huri kuwedzera hwevatengi vepamhepo muPortugal, pamwe chete nemasangano eEU-wide fulfillment networks anoita kuti logistics ive nyore, zvinopa mikana yenguva refu.
Kuti urambe uine mukana iwoyo, unofanirwa kuona kutevedzera CE sechirongwa chiri kuenderera mberi pane kungodzvanya kamwe chete. Mitemo yeEU inosiyana nekufamba kwenguva. Semuenzaniso, General Product Safety Regulation, shanduko kuEcodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, uye shanduko dzinotarisirwa kune mimwe mirairo zvinoreva kuti mitemo yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa inogona kuchinja. Vatengesi vekuChina vanoisa maitiro ekuongorora kutevedzera mitemo yemukati, vanochengeta mafaira avo ehunyanzvi achienderana nenguva, uye vanokudziridza hukama hwakasimba nevamiriri veEU nenyanzvi dzekutevedzera mitemo vachave vakagadzirira zviri nani kuchinja.
Kuvaka hukama hwakavimbika hwekutakura zvinhu nekubvisa zvinhu mutero kwakakoshawo kuti zvinhu zvibudirire kwenguva refu. Kuva nenzira dzakafanana dzekutumira zvinhu, zvinodiwa pamapepa, uye kutaurirana nevanotengesa zvinhu mutero kunoderedza mukana wekunonoka kana matambudziko ekutevedzera mitemo anomuka pasina kutarisirwa. Sezvo portal yePortugal yecustoms ye eAduana ichitanga kushanda, vanotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika pamwe nevavanodyidzana navo mutero vakagadzirira kupinda online vachakwanisa kubhadhara zvinhu zvavo nekukurumidza uye nechivimbo.
mhedziso
Kutengesa kunze kwenyika kubva kuChina kuenda kuPortugal mukana mukuru webhizinesi, asi kune mitemo yakaoma inofanira kutevedzerwa. CE marking ndiyo inodiwa zvishoma. Zvigadzirwa zvinoda CE hazvigone kupinda mumusika wePortugal kana EU pasina iyo. Maitiro acho anosanganisira kuwana mirairo yakakodzera, kuita ongororo dzakakodzera dzekutevedzera mitemo, kugadzira faira rehunyanzvi repamutemo, kunyora Chiziviso cheKutevedzera mitemo chakarurama pamutemo, uye kuisa CE mark ine saizi yakakodzera.
Pamusoro pechiratidzo cheCE, mitemo yekupinza zvinhu muPortugal inosanganisira matanho akawanda, akadai sekurongwa kweTARIC kwakakodzera, kuyera mitengo yemitengo zvichibva paCIF, VAT pamutengo we23% wezvinhu zvakawanda, uye kudiwa kwechangobva kuitika kweMunhu Ane Mutoro muEU wezvikamu zvakasiyana zvezvigadzirwa. Portugal iri kuenda kukugadzirisa mitengo yemitengo yedhijitari, zvinoreva kuti vanotumira kunze kwenyika vanogadzirisa mapepa avo uye vanobatana nevanoshanda navo vane hunyanzvi hwekutakura zvinhu vachawana zvinhu zvavo kuburikidza nemitengo yemitengo nekukurumidza uye pasina matambudziko akawanda.
Vatengesi vekuChina vanoda kupinda mumusika uyu nenzira inogara kwenguva refu vanofanirwa kuziva maitiro ekutevedzera mitemo uye kuita basa rakanaka nemabasa ekutakura zvinhu. Mhando dzese dzemabasa ekutakura zvinhu eTopway Shipping, anosanganisira kutakura zvinhu zvepakutanga, kutakura zvinhu mugungwa, kubvisa zvinhu kubva mumitero, uye kuendesa zvinhu zvekupedzisira, zvinopa vatengesi vekuChina vanotevedzera CE zvivakwa zvekutengesa zvavanoda kuti vashumire musika wePortugal nenzira yakavimbika uye nemazvo. Kuita kuti zvinhu zvese zviri zviviri zvekutakura zvinhu uye kutevedzera mitemo ndizvo zvinoshandura zvinhu zvekutakura zvinhu kamwe chete kuita bhizinesi rekutengesa zvinhu rinobudirira uye riri kukura.
FAQs
Mubvunzo: Kunyora CE kunodiwa here kune zvigadzirwa zvese zvinotumirwa kubva kuChina kuenda kuPortugal?
A: Kwete. Mhando dzezvigadzirwa zvinofukidzwa nemirairo nemitemo yeEU chete ndidzo dzinofanira kuwana CE marking. Asi kune mitemo inopfuura makumi matatu inosanganisira zvemagetsi, matoyi, michina, zvishandiso zvekurapa, PPE, nezvimwe zvakawanda. CE marking inodiwa nemutemo usati watengesa chigadzirwa chako muPortugal kana chikakwana muchikamu chinofukidzwa.
Mubvunzo: Mugadziri wekuChina anogona kuzvisimbisa ega here kuti anyore CE, kana kuti Body yechitatu inoziviswa inofanira kugara ichidiwa?
A: Zvinoenderana nekuti chigadzirwa chine njodzi yakadii uye kuti murairo upi unoshanda. Uchishandisa Module A (internal production control), zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvine njodzi shoma zvinogona kupihwa zvitupa nemugadziri. Asi pakuyedzwa nekupihwa chitupa, zvigadzirwa zvine njodzi yakakura senge zvishandiso zvekurapa nemidziyo yekudzivirira inofanirwa kubatanidzwa zviri pamutemo neEU-permitted Notified Body.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi 'China Export' CE chiratidzo uye chine chinzvimbo chepamutemo muPortugal?
A: Zvinoenderana nekuti chigadzirwa chine njodzi yakadii uye kuti murairo upi unoshanda. Uchishandisa Module A (internal production control), zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvine njodzi shoma zvinogona kupihwa zvitupa nemugadziri. Asi pakuyedzwa nekupihwa chitupa, zvigadzirwa zvine njodzi yakakura senge zvishandiso zvekurapa nemidziyo yekudzivirira inofanirwa kubatanidzwa zviri pamutemo neEU-permitted Notified Body.
Mubvunzo: Ndeipi VAT inoshandiswa pazvinhu zvinotengwa kubva kuChina zvichienda kuPortugal?
A: Mutengo weVAT (IVA) unowanzoitwa muPortugal i23%, uye unoshanda kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinounzwa munyika. Mamwe marudzi ezvinhu, sezvimwe zvekudya nezvinhu zvemazuva ano, anobhadhariswa mitengo yakaderera ye13% ne6%. Mutengo weCIF (mutengo wezvigadzirwa pamwe nekutumira neinishuwarenzi) pamwe nechero muripo wemutero unoshandiswa kuverenga VAT. Mabhizinesi akanyoreswa kuVAT anogona kudzoserwa VAT yekupinza yavakabhadhara kuburikidza neVAT yavo yenguva dzose.
Mubvunzo: Ko Topway Shipping inobata here kubvumidzwa kwemitero yekutumira zvinhu kuPortugal?
A: Ehe. Sechikamu chemabasa ayo akazara ekutakura zvinhu, Topway Shipping inopa mabasa akazara ekubvisa zvinhu kubva kumakambani emuno. Topway yave iri mubhizinesi rekutakura zvinhu kubva kumakambani emuno kweanopfuura makore gumi nemashanu. Nyanzvi dzavo dzinogona kubatsira nemagwaro ekutakura zvinhu kubva kumakambani emuno emuno emuPortugal neEU, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvekuChina zvinotevedzera CE zvipfuure nekukurumidza uye pasina kunonoka kusingakoshi.
Mubvunzo: Kubviswa kwezvinhu kubva kuChina kunotora nguva yakareba sei muPortugal?
A: Sezvo Portugal ichiramba ichichinja maitiro ayo ekutumira zvinhu kuburikidza ne eAduana portal, nguva yainotora kubvisa zvinyorwa zvedhijitari zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa iri kuramba ichipfupika, zvino yava kutora maawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere chete. Asi zvinhu zvisina mapepa akakodzera, zvine CE marking isiriyo, kana zvine TARIC codes dzakasimbiswa zvinogona kumirira kwenguva yakareba kuti zviongororwe. Nzira yakanakisa yekuona kuti zvinhu zvinotumirwa nekukurumidza ndeyekuva nemagwaro ese anodiwa ekutevera mutemo asati abva kuChina.
