Kutumira kweGerman Import VAT neFCL: Maitiro Ekuverenga Mutengo Wako Wechokwadi Wekusvika
ziviso
Pakutenga zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuGermany, vazhinji vanotenga zvinhu vanongotarisa mutengo chete. Vanorwira mitengo yefekitori, vanotarisa mitengo yekutumira zvinhu, vobva vatenda kuti zvese zvichafamba zvakanaka pachiteshi. Kana uchifunga izvozvo, uri kuita chimwe chezvikanganiso zvinodhura zvikuru zvaunogona kuita mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese.
Chokwadi ndechekuti kana zvinhu zvako zvatumirwa zvikasvika mudura rekuGerman, mutengo wekupedzisira unogona kuva 50% kusvika 80% kupfuura zvawakabhadhara mutengesi. VAT yekupinza zvinhu muGermany i19% yezvinhu zvakawanda, uye mutero uyu haungobvi pamutengo wezvinhu chete; unobvawo pamutengo wekutumira, inishuwarenzi, uye muripo wemitero yemutero. Kana sangano rako richitumira zvinhu zvese kubva kuChina, unofanirwa kuziva landed cost equation yese. Izvi zvinogona kureva musiyano uripo pakati pezvigadzirwa zvinowana mari nezvinodya mari yako zvishoma nezvishoma.
Chidzidzo ichi chinokurukura mashandisirwo emari yekutumira zvinhu zveFCL zvichiuya kuGermany, mashandiro anoita VAT yekupinza zvinhu kubva kuGerman kubva muna 2025 kusvika 2026, uye marongero emafambiro emota yako kuitira kuti pasave nechinhu chinoshamisa pamuganhu.
Kunzwisisa German Import VAT (Einfuhrumsatzsteuer)
VAT yekupinda munyika, kana kuti Einfuhrumsatzsteuer (EUSt) muchiGerman, inoshanda pazvinhu zvinouya kuGermany zvichibva kunyika isiri muEU, seChina. Mitengo yacho yakafanana, asi iyi haina kufanana neVAT yakajairika pakutengesa muUS. Dare rezvemitero reGerman (Zoll) rinounganidza VAT yekupinda munyika, kwete hofisi yemitero. Mutero uyu unotanga kana zvinhu zvaunzwa munyika, kwete pazvinotengeswa.
Mutengo weVAT wekuGermany unowanzo shandiswa kunze kwenyika i19%. Mutengo uyu unoshanda pazvinhu zvakawanda zvekutengeserana, zvakaita semagetsi, michina, mbatya, fenicha, uye zvigadzirwa zvevatengi. Zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai semabhuku, magazini, nezvimwe zvekudya, zvinobhadhariswa mutero pamutengo wakaderera we7%. Hapana shanduko dzakaziviswa dzemutengo uyu kusvika muna 2025 kusvika muna 2026.
Ongororo yeMutengo weVAT weGerman
| chikamu | VAT Rate | Common Mienzaniso |
| Yakawanda Rate | 19% | Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, mbatya, michina, zvinhu zvakawanda |
| Yakaderedzwa Rate | 7% | Mabhuku, mapepanhau, zvigadzirwa zvekudya, pekugara mumahotera |
| Zero Rate / Kusunungurwa | 0% | Mamwe mabasa emari neinishuwarenzi |
VAT yekupinda munyika inobva pamutengo wemutero pamwe nemutero wemutero, kwete chete kukosha kwezvigadzirwa. Izvi hazvinzwisiswi nevazhinji vanotanga kutenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Nekuda kwekuwedzera uku, mutoro wako chaiwo weVAT unopfuura 19% chete yehuwandu hwe invoice. Vakuru vemitero vekuGermany vanoshandisa CIF value (Mutengo, Inishuwarenzi, Kutakura Zvinhu) kuti vaone kuti vanofanira kubhadharisa marii. Iyi ndiyo mari yezvigadzirwa, mutengo wekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, uye mari yeinishuwarenzi.
Mabhizinesi akanyoreswa VAT uye anopinza zvinhu kuti zvitengeswezve kana kushandiswa mubhizinesi ravo anogona kudzoserwa VAT yekupinza yaakabhadhara nekutumira VAT yavo mwedzi mishoma yega yega. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chinhu chinobuda nemari kwete mari inogara iripo, asi nguva yakakosha nekuti tsika dzinofanirwa kugamuchira muripo weVAT zvigadzirwa zvisati zvaburitswa, uye kudzoserwa kunoitika nenzira yakasiyana. Kana usina kunyoreswa VAT, haugone kudzoserwa VAT yekupinza, zvinoreva kuti mutengo chaiwo.
EU yakabvisa €22 de minimis bar yeVAT yekupinza zvinhu munyika muna Chikunguru 2021. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chinhu chega chega chinounzwa muEU kubva kunyika isiri nhengo yenyika ikozvino chinofanira kupinza VAT, zvisinei nekuti inodhura zvakadii. Sisitimu yeImport One-Stop-Shop (IOSS) inobvumira vatengesi kuunganidza nekubhadhara VAT pazvinhu zvine mutengo uri pasi pe €150 yeB2C e-commerce. Asi kune zvinotumirwa neFCL business, maitiro akajairika ekubhadhara VAT uye kuzivisa tsika anoshanda zvizere.
Kutumirwa kweFCL kubva kuChina kuenda kuGermany: Zvauri Kubhadhara Chaizvoizvo
Kutumira zvinhu zveFull Container Load (FCL) ndiyo nzira huru inoshandiswa neChina neGermany kutengesa zvinhu zvakawanda. FCL ndiyo sarudzo yakanakisisa kana zvinhu zvako zvakakura kupfuura 12–15 CBM kana kuti uchida rugare rwepfungwa runouya nekuva nemudziyo wakatsaurirwa. Unobhadhara muripo wemudziyo wese, ingave 20ft, 40ft, kana 40ft High Cube. Hazvina basa kuti unoshandisa nzvimbo yakawanda sei. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unogona kuvimba nemutengo, nguva yekufambisa zvinhu inokurumidza kupfuura LCL, uye mikana yekukuvadzwa kana kusvibiswa kubva pakutakura zvinhu pamwe chete haina kukwana.
Shanghai, Ningbo, Shenzhen (Yantian/Shekou), Qingdao, Guangzhou, neTianjin ndidzo nzvimbo huru dzekutengeserana muChina uko zvinhu zveFCL zvinoenda kuGermany. Hamburg ndiyo nzvimbo inonyanya kukosha yekupinda muGermany, ichitakura makontena akawanda kupfuura chero imwe nzvimbo yekutengeserana muGermany. Bremen/Bremerhaven ndiyo imwe sarudzo huru, kunyanya yezvinhu zvemaindasitiri nemotokari zvinorema.
Mhando dzeMakontena eFCL uye Ranges dzeMitero Yezvino (2025–2026)
| Mudziyo weContainer | chinzvimbo | Avhareji yemuyero (China–Germany) | Transit Time |
| 20ft Standard | ~25 CBM / 22,000 kg | $ 1,500 - $ 3,000 | Mazuva 28-38 |
| 40ft Standard | ~55 CBM / 26,500 kg | $ 2,500 - $ 4,500 | Mazuva 28-40 |
| 40ft High Cube | ~68 CBM / 26,500 kg | $ 3,500 - $ 5,500 | Mazuva 28-40 |
Mutengo wekutakura zvinhu unongova chimwe chezvinhu zvaunokwereta. Mutengo wekutakura zvinhu mugungwa unozivikanwa nekusava nemari yekuwedzera inoungana nekukurumidza. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza mari yekuwedzera yaunofanira kuronga paunenge uchiverenga mutengo wako chaiwo wekutumira zvinhu muFCL.
Mari Inowanzobhadharwa neFCL paBhajeti ye
| Kuwedzeredza | tsananguro | Akajairika Range |
| BAF | Bunker Adjustment Factor - muripo wekuwedzera wemafuta | $100–$400/TEU |
| THC | Muripo weKubata Chiteshi cheNzvimbo kwawakabva/kwawakaenda | $150–$300/TEU |
| PSS | Mari Yekuwedzera yemwaka wepamusoro (kazhinji Q3–Q4) | $200–$600/TEU |
| Fee Documentation | Tsamba yekutakura zvinhu nemagwaro emitero | $ 50- $ 150 |
| Demurrage | Kuchengetwa kwemidziyo pachiteshi chengarava mushure memazuva emahara | $100+/zuva |
Kutumirwa kweFCL kubva kuChina kuenda kuHamburg kunowanzotora mazuva ari pakati pe28 ne40, zvichienderana nechiteshi chekubva, nzira yechiteshi chekutakura zvinhu, uye kana paine nzvimbo dzekutumira zvinhu dziri munzira. Mazhinji engarava dzeChina neEurope achiri kupfuura nemuSuez Canal. Muna 2024, matambudziko muGungwa Dzvuku akamanikidza dzimwe ngarava dzekutakura zvinhu kufamba-famba dzichitenderera Cape of Good Hope, izvo zvakawedzera mazuva masere kusvika gumi nemaviri uye $300 kusvika $500 pamudziyo mumwe chete mumari yekuwedzera mafuta. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaramba achikanganisa mitengo yekutakura zvinhu kusvika muna 2025.
Fomura Yemari Yakawanikwa: Kuverenga Nhanho Nenhanho
Mari yekutengeswa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo ndiyo mari yese yekutumira chigadzirwa kubva kumugadziri kuenda kuchitoro chako kana nzvimbo yekugovera muGermany. Usati watara mutengo wechigadzirwa, unofanirwa kuziva nhamba iyi, kwete mushure mekunge zvinhu zvatumirwa zvasvika. Kune matanho akawanda mukuita izvi sezvo tsika dzekuGermany dzinobhadharisa VAT pane zvinopfuura kukosha kwezvigadzirwa chete.
Danho 1: Gadzirisa CIF Value
Mutengo wezvinhu zvemuGermany unotanga neCIF (Mutengo, Inishuwarenzi, Kutakura). Mutengo wezvinhu zveFOB, mutengo wekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, uye mutengo wekutumira zvinhu. cargo insurance Mari yeprimiyamu inofanira kuwedzerwa pamwe chete. Iyi ndiyo nhamba inoshandiswa naZoll kuona kuti muripo wemutero wemutero wemutero unofanira kubhadhariswa marii.
Danho 2: Verenga Customs Duty
Shandisa mutero wakakodzera paCIF value. Kodhi yeHS (Harmonized System) yezvinhu zvako nenyika yazvakabva ndiyo inosarudza mutero wezvinhu. Dhatabhesi reEU TARIC pamwe nehurongwa hweGermany hweEZT-online zvese zvinokubvumira kutsvaga mitengo. Mitero yezvinhu zvinobva kuChina inowanzo tangira pa0% (yezvimwe zvemagetsi nezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa) kusvika pa12% kana kupfuura yezvipfeko nemachira. Mamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa ane mutero wekudzivirira dumping pamusoro pemutero wakajairika.
Danho rechitatu: Verengai VAT Base yekupinda munyika
Mutengo weCIF pamwe chete nemari yemitero inobhadharwa ndizvo zvinoita kuti mutengo weVAT upfuure 19%. VAT yako inokwira kusvika ku€13,366 kana mutengo weCIF wako uri €12,550 uye muripo wako uri €816. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unobhadhara 19% yese, kusanganisira muripo.
Danho rechina: Wedzera Mari Dzese Dzekuwedzera
Mari yako yekusvika panzvimbo inosanganisira zvinopfuura mutero wemutero wemutero wemutero wemutero wemutero wemutero wemutero wemunyika chete. Inosanganisirawo mari yekubata chiteshi chengarava (THC), customs brokerage muripo, chero warehousing pachiteshi, uye mutengo wekutakura zvinhu kubva pachiteshi kuenda kukero yako yekutumirwa kuGermany. Mari idzi ndedzechokwadi uye dzakakura, kunyanya kune vanotenga zvinhu kekutanga vasingatombofungi nezvazvo.
Muenzaniso Wakashanda: €10,000 Mutengo Wezvinhu, 20ft FCL Kutumirwa kuHamburg
| Cost Component | Mari (EUR) | Notes |
| Kukosha Kwezvinhu (FOB) | €10,000 | Invoice kukosha |
| Kutakura Zvinhu Pasi Pose (FCL, 20ft) | €2,500 | China → Hamburg |
| Inishuwarenzi yeMitoro (0.4%) | €50 | Zvezvinhu + zvinhu zvinotakura |
| Kukosha kweCIF (Basi reCustoms) | €12,550 | Zvinhu + Kutakura Zvinhu + Inishuwarenzi |
| Mutero weCustoms (semuenzaniso, 6.5%) | €816 | Zvinoenderana neHS kodhi |
| Kupinza VAT Base | €13,366 | CIF + Mutero wemutero |
| VAT kunze kwenyika (19%) | €2,540 | Inoshandiswa pamutengo weVAT |
| Port Kubata & THC | €300 | Mari yechiteshi cheHamburg |
| Customs Brokerage | €200 | Mari yeagent |
| Inland Delivery (Germany) | €350 | Port kuenda kudura |
| Total Landed Cost | €16,756 | +67.6% pamusoro peFOB |
Muchiitiko ichi, kutumirwa kwezvinhu ne invoice yefekitori ye €10,000 kune mari yekutambira inosvika €16,756, inova 67.6% kupfuura kukosha kwekutanga kwezvinhu. Mabhizinesi akanyoreswa kuVAT anogona kudzoserwa chikamu cheVAT chekupinza (€2,540), izvo zvinoderedza mutengo chaiwo usingadzoreki kusvika pa €14,216. Kunyange zvakadaro, chokwadi chekuti VAT yakasungirirwa mumari yekushanda ichimirira kudzoserwa inyaya huru kumabhizinesi ari kukura.
Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinofanira Kutariswa Nemutemo weGermany muna 2025–2026
Germany ine mitemo yakasimba yekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika iyo yakanyatsotevedzerwa. Kune matanho akati wandei ekutevedzera mitemo aunofanira kutora usati watumira FCL yako yekutanga kuHamburg.
Kana bhizinesi richida kuunza zvinhu muEU, rinofanira kuwana nhamba yeEORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification). Zvinhu zvako zvichachengetwa pamitero isina iyo. Kana uri kambani iri kunze kweEU iri kuunza zvinhu muGermany, uchadawo kunyoreswa kweVAT yeGerman kana mumiriri wezvemari. Kutanga muna Ndira 2025, EU Small Business Scheme pasi peChikamu 19a cheGerman VAT Act ichaita kuti zvive nyore kumabhizinesi madiki anosangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa kuti aite bhizinesi. Zvisinei, vazhinji vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanoshanda paFCL scale vachazofanira kunyoresa kuti vawane VAT yakazara.
Kutevedzera mitemo yezvigadzirwa zvakakoshawo. Zvinhu zvemagetsi nemagetsi zvinofanirwa kunge zvine maCE marks uye kutevedzera WEEE order. Kuti utengese zvinhu izvi muGermany, unofanirwa kunge uine WEEE-Reg.-Nr. yakanyoreswa. Zvinhu zvinowira pasi pemitemo yeREACH, kunyanya makemikari nezvinhu zvinosanganisira mishonga yakarambidzwa, zvinofanirwa kunge zvine mapepa akakodzera. Zvinhu zvinosangana nechikafu zvinoda mvumo yeLFGB. Kana usingaratidze zvitupa zvinodiwa, custom inogona kuchengeta zvigadzirwa zvako, kukumanikidza kuti uzvitumirezve kunze kwenyika, kana kuzviparadza nemari yako.
EU yakachinja mazita ayo akabatanidzwa mugore ra2025, ichiwedzera misoro midiki mitsva yemabhatiri e lithium-ion (HS 8507) uye zvigadzirwa zvine hushamwari nezvakatipoteredza, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kupatsanurwa kwekodhi yeHS kunopa hwaro hwekuverengwa kwemitero kwakakodzera. Chimwe chezvikanganiso zvakajairika uye zvinodhura mukutakura zvinhu kunze kwenyika ndechekuisa muzvikamu zvisirizvo. Zvinogona kutungamira kumitero isingabhadharwe zvakakwana (izvo zvinogona kutungamira kuzvinodiwa zvekubhadhara kumashure uye zvirango) kana kubhadharwa zvakawandisa (zvinoreva kusiya mari patafura). Usati wabhuka kutumira kwako, gara uchitarisa makodhi ako eHS uchienzanisa nedhatabhesi rechangobva kuitika reEU TARIC.
Kutumirwa kweTopway Kunotsigira Sei Mashandiro Ako eFCL kubva kuChina kuenda kuGermany
Topway Shipping, iyo iri muShenzhen, China, yave iri kambani yehunyanzvi yekupa mhinduro dzezvinhu zvekutengeserana kuburikidza neindaneti kubvira muna 2010. Topway Shipping ine mukurumbira wemitengo yakajeka, rutsigiro rwekutevera mitemo, uye kuonekwa kwakazara mumakambani akaomarara. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti timu yekutanga ine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu mumabasa ekutakura zvinhu pasi rose uye kubvumidzwa kwemitero.
Topway Shipping inobata zvese zvinodiwa nevatengi vanotumira zvinhu kuChina vachienda kuGermany. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora zvinhu kufekitori, kubhuka midziyo yemugungwa nemapepa, kubvisa zvinhu zvemuguta muHamburg kana Bremen, uye kuzviendesa kuchitoro chako chekuchengetera zvinhu kana kunzvimbo yekuzadzisa chero kupi muGermany. Nekuti vashandi vanoziva zvakawanda nezvemitemo yemuguta yeEU, unogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti une kodhi yeHS nemapepa akakodzera kubva pakutanga. Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wekunonoka kana matambudziko ekutevedzera mitemo pamuganhu.
Topway Shipping inogona kutumira zvinhu zvemugungwa zveFCL neLCL kubva kumachiteshi makuru eChina, akadai seShenzhen, Shanghai, Ningbo, Guangzhou, Qingdao, neTianjin, kuenda kumachiteshi makuru pasi rese. Chikwata ichi chichagadzirisa mhinduro yacho kuti ienderane neprofile yekutakura zvinhu zvako nenguva, kungave kuri kutamisa mudziyo une 20-foot yemagetsi evatengi, fenicha ine 40-foot High Cube, kana kusanganisa zvinhu zvidiki zveLCL kuti uchengetedze mari. Mhinduro dzekuchengetera zvinhu kunze kwenyika dzeEurope dzinopa makambani sarudzo dzakawanda kana zvasvika pakutarisira zvinhu zviri mumusika unopfuura mumwe chete kana kuda nzvimbo yekuisa zvinhu zvisati zvatumirwa.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuitwa neTopway Shipping kubatsira pakuronga mari yekusvika. Chikwata hachingotauri mutengo wekutakura chete; chinoshandawo nevanotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika kuti vavaratidze mufananidzo wemutengo wese, kusanganisira mari yekutakura zvinhu, mitero yemutero, VAT, nezvimwe zvinobhadhariswa, saka hapana chinoshamisa kana zvinhu zvasvika. Ruzivo rwakajeka urwu rwunobatsira masangano matsva mukutumira FCL kuGermany. Kune vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vane ruzivo, izvi zvinoreva kuita sarudzo dziri nani nezvemitengo uye kuchengetedza zviri nani mari yekutenga zvinhu.
Kana bhizinesi rako richikura uye uchida mumwe munhu anoziva zvese nezvekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika muChina uye mitemo yekupinza zvinhu muGermany, Topway Shipping inogona kukubatsira nazvo kubva pakutanga.
Maitiro Ekugadzirisa Mutengo Wako Wekugara
Danho rekutanga nderekunzwisisa fomura yacho. Mabhenefiti chaiwo anouya nekuita kuti ive nani. Vatengesi vekunze vane hanya nekutarisira mari yekumisa ngarava vane sarudzo dzakasiyana siyana.
Kusarudza Incoterms chaiyo kunochinja kuti ndiani ane basa rechikamu chipi cherwendo uye ndiani anobhadhara. FOB (Free on Board) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakutumira zvinhu kubva kuChina. Inokupa simba rekutonga kubhuka kwekutakura zvinhu, saka unogona kutaura zvakananga neanokutumira zvinhu panzvimbo pekubhadhara markup yemutengesi. NeDDP (Delivered Duty Paid), mutengesi kana mupi wezvekufambisa zvinhu anotarisira zvese, kusanganisira mutero neVAT. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore, asi zvinowanzodhura zvakanyanya uye zvinogona kuita kuti zviome kuona chimiro chemutengo wakazara.
Mutengo wekutumira chigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe unokwira kana kudzika zvichienderana nekuti magaba mangani anoshandiswa. Chirongo che40ft chinowanzo dhura 25–40% kupfuura chirongo che20ft, asi chinogona kutakura zvakapetwa kaviri. Kana mutoro wako wava pedyo nekuzara bhokisi remamita makumi maviri, kukwira kusvika kubhokisi remamita makumi mana kazhinji kunokuchengetedza mari pachikamu chimwe nechimwe. Mutoro wega wega unobatsirwa nekuita fungidziro chaiyo yeCBM usati wabhuka uye kurongedza nenzira inowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwevolumetric.
Unogona kuchengetedza mari yakawanda nekutarisa nguva yekutumira zvinhu zvako kuitira kuti zvisadzike munguva yekupisa. Mitengo yekutakura zvinhu inowanzo kukwira zvakanyanya muchikamu chechitatu nechechina sezvo vanotenga zvinhu vanogadzirira mazororo neGore Idzva reChinese. Kana kuronga kwako zvinhu zvako kuchichinjika, unogona kuchengetedza 15–30% pamari yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa nekubhuka kunze kwemahwindo aya uye kubhadharisa mitengo nevanotumira zvinhu kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvekufambisa zvinhu kana zvibvumirano zvebasa renguva refu. Kana uine kambani inobhadhara VAT, kushanda nebroker yako yecustoms kuti chirongwa chako chekunonoka kweVAT yekupinda munyika chishande zvakanaka sezvinobvira kuchabatsirawo mari yako yekushanda.
mhedziso
Paunotumira FCL kubva kuChina kuenda kuGermany, pane mitengo yakawanda kupfuura mitengo yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa nemitengo yefekitori chete. Mutengo wekutenga zvinhu pasi pevhu unogona kukwira ne60% kupfuura mutengo wako weFOB nekuda kwe19% German import VAT, mutero wemitero yemutero zvichienderana neHS code yako neCIF value, muripo wekubata zvinhu pachiteshi, muripo webrokerage, uye muripo wekutumira zvinhu mukati menyika. Haisi basa rekuverenga zvinhu muhofisi chete kunzwisisa nekufanotaura mutengo wese. Isarudzo yebhizinesi repamberi ndiyo inosarudza kana chigadzirwa chakakodzera kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kana kuti kwete.
Kana wangoziva fomura yacho, zviri nyore: tanga neCIF value, wedzera mutero wemu ...
Kana ukashanda nekambani yekutakura zvinhu yakaita seTopway Shipping kuti iite mabasa ako eFCL kubva kuShenzhen kana chero chiteshi chikuru cheChina kuenda kuGermany, unowana ruzivo rwaunoda kuti utarisire mitemo yemitero nechivimbo, usarudze magaba akanakisa, uye ubhajeti remari yako chaiyo yekusvika. Pfungwa haisi yekutakura zvinhu chete; asi ndeyekuita izvozvo nenzira inoita kuti uwane mari.
FAQs
Mubvunzo: Ndeipi VAT inotengeswa kuGermany pari zvino yezvinhu zvakawanda zvinobva kuChina?
A: Mutengo weVAT wekupinza zvinhu muGermany unosvika 19% yemutengo weCIF wezvinhu pamwe chete nemutero wemutero wemutero. Mutengo wakaderera we7% unoshanda kumhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu, zvakaita semabhuku nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekudya.
Mubvunzo: Ndingadzosa here VAT yemunyika yakabhadharwa muGermany?
A: Ehe, kana bhizinesi rako rakanyoreswa VAT muGermany uye uri kuunza zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa kana kutengesa mubhizinesi, unogona kudzoserwa VAT yemutero wekupinza zvinhu kubva kunze kwenyika kuburikidza neVAT yako yenguva dzose. Vanhu nemabhizinesi asina kunyoreswa VAT havagone kuidzoserwa.
Mubvunzo: Kutumirwa kweFCL kubva kuChina kuenda kuGermany kunotora nguva yakareba sei?
A: Kufamba nechikepe kubva pachiteshi kuenda pachiteshi kunowanzotora mazuva ari pakati pe28 ne40, zvichienderana nechiteshi chekubva uye nzira yacho. Pakazara, kutumirwa kwechikepe kubva pasuo kuenda pasuo, kusanganisira kugadziriswa kwemitero nekuendeswa kwechikepe munyika, kunowanzotora mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu kusvika makumi mashanu nemashanu.
Mubvunzo: Musiyano uripo pakati pemutero wemutero wemitero yemutero wevanhu neVAT yemunyika ndeupi?
A: Kodhi yeHS nenyika yakabva chigadzirwa chako zvinosimbisa muripo wecustoms, unova muripo wekutengeserana. Import VAT mutero wezvinhu zvinobhadhariswa pamutengo wepamba we19%. Import VAT inobva paCIF value pamwe necustoms charge, zvinoreva kuti muripo unosanganisirwa muVAT base.
Mubvunzo: Ndinoda nhamba yeEORI here kuti ndipinze zvinhu zveFCL muGermany?
A: Ehe. Makambani ese anounza zvinhu muEU anofanira kunge aine nhamba yeEORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification). Zvinhu zvako zvichaiswa pamitero yemutero kana usina. Mabhizinesi ari muEU anofanira kunyorera kuburikidza nedhipatimendi remitero renyika yavo. Mabhizinesi ari kunze kweEU anogona kunyoresa zvakananga nemitero yemutero yeGerman.
Mubvunzo: Ndinofanira kusarudza rini FCL pane LCL yekutumira kuGermany?
A: FCL ndiyo sarudzo iri nani kana zvinhu zvako zvatumirwa zvakakura kupfuura 12–15 CBM, kana kuchengetedza zvinhu zvako kwakakosha, kana kana uchida kuti chigadzirwa chako chisvike ikoko nekukurumidza pasina kunonoka kunouya neLCL. LCL inzira isingadhuri yekutumira mapakeji madiki nekuti ine nzvimbo yekuisa makontena nevamwe vanotumira.
