Kuenda kuNorway neNingbo-Zhoushan: Kutumirwa Kwezvinhu Zvine Ngozi muIMO
ziviso
Kutumira zvigadzirwa zvine njodzi negungwa ndeimwe yemabasa akanyanya kurongeka mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese, uye nechikonzero chakanaka. Chirongo chimwe chete chisina kurongwa zvakanaka chemabhatiri e lithium kana makemikari asina kunyorwa zvakanaka chinogona kutyisidzira ngarava, vashandi vayo uye nharaunda yemugungwa. Kutevedzera mitemo kwakaoma zvikuru kana kwakabva Ningbo-Zhoushan - chiteshi chikuru chekutakura zvinhu pasi rose - uye nzvimbo yekuenda kuNorway, iyo ine mitemo yayo yakaoma yemitero pamusoro pehuremu hwakazara hwemitemo yemakemikari yeEuropean REACH neCLP.
Gwaro iri rinobvisa zvinhu zvakaoma. Kana uri mugadziri muZhejiang unotumira kunze makemikari emaindasitiri, mushandi wekutengesa zvinhu zvinofambiswa nemagetsi muShenzhen, kana mutengesi wekuNorway achitsvaga kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi magwaro anofanira kupihwa nemutengesi wako wekuChina, uchawana ruzivo rwakajeka uye runogona kuteverwa pano. Tinotaura nezve IMDG Code framework (kusanganisira 2024 Amendment 42-24 yakava mutemo musi wa1 Ndira 2026), zvinodiwa zvekupinza zvinhu zvakanangana neNorway, maitiro ekutanga kutumira zvinhu muChina, zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvisachengetedzwe pachiteshi cheNorway, uye nzira dzekufambisa zvinhu dziripo kubva kuNingbo-Zhoushan kuenda kuchiteshi chikuru cheNorway.
Tinotsanangurawo kuti sevhisi yepasi rose yekutakura zvinhu iri muShenzhen, Topway Shipping, ine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu, inobatsira sei vatengesi vekunze kuti vafambe nenzira yakaoma kudai yekutevedzera mitemo.
Sei Ningbo-Zhoushan? Chiteshi chengarava chiri shure kwekusvika kweChina pasi rose
Chiteshi chengarava cheNingbo-Zhoushan China hachisi chechiteshi chine vanhu vakawanda chete, asi chave chiri chiteshi chine vanhu vakawanda pasi rose nekuda kwekutakura zvinhu kwemakore gumi nemanomwe akatevedzana. Chiteshi ichi chakatakura zvinhu zvinodarika mabhiriyoni 1.4 muna 2025, chikava chiteshi chekutanga chakaputsa chipingamupinyi ichocho mugore rimwe chete. Kuburikidza kwemidziyo yacho kwakapfuurawo chiratidzo cheTEU chemamiriyoni makumi mana kekutanga, zvikaita kuti chive pakati pemachiteshi matatu epamusoro emidziyo pasi rose.
Pakupera kwegore ra2025, Ningbo-Zhoushan yavhura nzira dzekutumira makontena mazana matatu nepfumbamwe, ichibatanidza zviteshi zvinodarika mazana manomwe munyika dzinopfuura mazana maviri nenzvimbo. Nhamba yayo yekubatanidza ngarava yaiiswa panzvimbo yechipiri pasi rose uye ine ngarava dzinosvika mazana matatu dzinotakura zvinhu dzinosvika zuva nezuva. Kubatana uku ndiko kunobatsira zvikuru kune vanotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika: kune nguva dzose kufona kuchiteshi cheEurope chinosanganisira Hamburg, Rotterdam neBremerhaven izvo zvinopa nzira dzekubatanidza ngarava muzviteshi zveNorway - zvichiita kuti Ningbo-Zhoushan ive sarudzo iri pachena yekutakura zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuNorway.
Chiteshi ichi chakaisawo mari yakawanda mukubata zvinhu zvine njodzi zvakanyanya. "Masitemu akasarudzika, mawarehouse ane mabhondi ane kugona kwekuchengetera zvinhu zveDG uye sisitimu yedhijitari yekubvisirwa kwemitengo yakabatana nemapuratifomu eChina eGeneral Administration of Customs (GACC) zvese zvinoderedza kusawirirana kwevanotakura zvinhu zvinodzorwa. Njodzi dzekubata zvinhu zveDG dzakasimbiswa mumoto weMeishan terminal wa2021 wakamisa masisitimu epasi rose kwemwedzi yakati wandei, uye kusimbisa kutevedzera mitemo pachiteshi kwakawedzera kubva ipapo.
Kodhi yeIMDG: Bhuku reMitemo rausingafaniri Kufuratira
Kodhi yeIMDG Chii?
Kodhi yeInternational Maritime Dangerous commodities (IMDG), yakaburitswa neInternational Maritime Organization (IMO), ndiyo mwero wepasi rose unosunga pamutemo wekutakurwa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi mugungwa zviri muchimiro chakazara. Inosunga pamutemo pasi peChitsauko VII cheInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) uye zvinodiwa zvayo zvezvakatipoteredza zvinowedzerwa neMARPOL Annex III. Nyika dzese dzakasaina SOLAS, kusanganisira China neNorway, dzinosungirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti IMDG Code inotevedzera.
Kodhi iyi inoonekwa mumavhoriyamu maviri. Vhoriyamu 1 ine zvinhu zvakajairika, mitemo yekupatsanura, zvinhu zvekurongedza nematangi, maitiro ekutumira zvinhu uye mabasa ekufambisa. Vhoriyamu 2 ndiyo Runyorwa rweZvinhu Zvine Ngozi, inova runyorwa rwakakwana rwezvinhu uye inosanganisira nhamba yazvo yeUN, zita rakakodzera rekutumira, kirasi, boka rekutakura zvinhu uye zvinhu zvakakosha.
Chigadziro 42-24: Zvakachinja muna 2026
IMDG Code, 2024 Edition, kusanganisira Amendment 42-24, yakagamuchirwa neIMO Maritime Safety Committee pamusangano wayo wechi108 muna Chivabvu 2024. Yaive yekuzvidira kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2025, uye ikozvino yava kusungirwa kubva musi wa1 Ndira 2026. Iyi ndiyo inoshanda kune zvese zvinotumirwa kuNorway neNingbo-Zhoushan panguva yekunyora uku.
Kuchinja chete kwekushanda kwevatengesi kunze kwenyika ndiko kuiswa patsva kwemotokari dzemagetsi nezvimwe zvekufambisa zvinofambiswa nemabhatiri e-lithium. Kubva munaKurume 31, 2025 (nenguva yekuchinja kwemwedzi mitatu kutanga munaNdira 1, 2025), mota dzinofambiswa nemabhatiri e-lithium hadzichakodzeri kuziviswa pasi peUN 3171 (Mota Inoshandisa Bhatiri). Zvichienderana nemakemikari emabhatiri, ikozvino dzinofanira kuiswa muchikamu cheUN 3556 (Mota, Lithium Ion Battery Powered), UN 3557 (Mota, Lithium Metal Battery Powered) kana UN 3558 (Mota, Sodium Ion Battery Powered). Kuiswa muchikamu kwekare kwakashandiswa kunonotsa kutumira zvinhu kupinda muzviteshi zveNorway - iyi haisi nyaya yedzidziso.
Chigadziro 42-24 chakapawo zvinyorwa zvitsva zveUN zvemabhatiri e sodium-ion (aive asipo muchinyorwa chapfuura) uye chakawedzera zvimwe zvinodiwa zvemagwaro emotokari dzemagetsi dzine data rekudzivirira kupisa.
Makirasi Mapfumbamwe Ezvinhu Zvine Ngozi
Kodhi yeIMDG inopa zvinhu zvese zvine njodzi muzvikamu zvikuru zvipfumbamwe zvine zvinodiwa chaizvo zvekurongedza, kunyora mazita, kunyora uye kupatsanura. Tafura inotevera inoratidza mapoka akakosha ekutengeserana pakati peChina neNorway:
| kirasi | chikamu | mienzaniso | Chinodiwa Chinodiwa |
| Chikoro 1 | Zvipuka | Mapuranga emoto, mabhomba | Nzvimbo yakakosha yekuchengetera zvinhu, hapana ngarava dzevatakuri |
| Chikoro 2 | Gasi | LPG, okisijeni yakamanikidzwa | Kuyedzwa kwekumanikidzwa, mavharuvhu ekuvharira |
| Chikoro 3 | Zvinwiwa zvinopisa | Pendi, zvinonamira, zvinonyungudutsa | Magwaro eFlashpoint |
| Chikoro 4 | Inopisa Solids | Machisi, hupfu hwesimbi | Kurongedza kwemukati kwakavharwa nekupisa |
| Chikoro 5 | Zvinhu Zvinokonzera Oxidizing | Maperoxide, nitrate | Kupatsanurwa kubva kune zvinobvira moto |
| Chikoro 6 | Chepfu & Zvinotapukira | Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, marara ekiriniki | UN-certified packaging |
| Chikoro 7 | Radioactive Material | Medical isotopes | Kubvumidzwa kwechiremera chine hunyanzvi |
| Chikoro 8 | Zvinoparadza | Asidhi, mabhatiri (akanyorova) | Kutendeseka kwemukati mepurasitiki |
| Chikoro 9 | Zvinhu Zvakasiyana-siyana Zvine Ngozi | Mabhatiri eLithium, chando chakaoma | Miganhu yeState of Charge yemabhatiri |
Kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika vane zvinhu zvakasanganiswa, mitemo yekuparadzanisa pakati pezvinhu zvisingawirirane - zvinwiwa zvinobvira moto (Kirasi 3) hazvigone kuchengetwa pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinopisa (Kirasi 5) - zvinounza mamwe matambudziko ekugadzirisa magaba emidziyo anoda kugadziriswa vasati vabhuka.
Hurongwa hweNorway hweKupinza Zvinhu Zvine Ngozi
Norwegian Customs (Tolletaten) uye EEA Chemical Regime
Norway haisi nhengo yeEU, asi senhengo yeEuropean Economic Area (EEA) inoshandisa mitemo yakawanda yeEU, kusanganisira mitemo yemakemikari. MuNorway, REACH Regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) inoshandiswa kuburikidza neEEA Agreement uye yakabatanidzwa muREACH Regulations yenyika muNorway. CLP Regulation (Classification, Labeling and Packaging of substances and mixtures) ndiyo mutemo unodzora labeling yemakemikari ane njodzi uye mixtures kana zvapinzwa muNorway. Norwegian Environment Agency ndiyo ine simba rine basa.
Mukuita izvi zvinoreva kuti mudziyo une makemikari emaindasitiri unobva kuNingbo haufanirwe kungoenderana neIMDG Code standards chete yekufamba mugungwa asiwo neCLP labeling criteria panguva yekubvumidzwa kwemitengo muNorway. Norwegian Customs (Tolletaten) haiedzezve zvinhu asi inoongorora kukwana kwemagwaro. Kutumirwa kuchaitwa kana SDS isipo, kana SDS isina kushandurwa nemazvo kana SDS ichitaura nezve CLP classification yekare iyo yakagadziridzwa.
Kupinda kwechiteshi cheNorway cheDG Cargo
Zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinopinda negungwa pazviteshi zveNorway, zvinoti Oslo (Sjursoya terminal), Bergen, Stavanger neKristiansand, zvinofanirwa kuziviswa zvisati zvasvika. Mutakuri (kana mumiririri wake) anofanira kuzivisa chero nhumbi dzeDG dziri muchikepe kumahofisi echiteshi ngarava isati yasvika. Izvi zvinoitwa uchishandisa masisitimu ekutumira mameseji eElectronic Data Interchange (EDI), kazhinji kuburikidza nemumiririri wechiteshi chengarava.
Vakuru vechiteshi chengarava cheNorway vanoongorora zvinhu zviri mumotokari vachienzanisa neIMO Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) kuti vaone kana zvinhu zviri mumotokari zviri mumhando yepamusoro, nhamba yeUN, boka rekutakura zvinhu uye kupatsanurwa kwemhando yepamusoro. Makontena akasarudzwa kuti aongororwe achaongororwa neNorwegian Customs kana Norwegian Maritime Authority (Sjøfartsdirektoratet). Kirasi 1 (zvinoputika) neKirasi 7 (zvinhu zvinopisa) zvinoongororwa kakawanda, sezvinoita chero zvinhu zvinotumirwa zvine magwaro anoita seasingawirirani kana asina kukwana.
Vanopinza zvinhu munyika vanofanirawo kuziva kuti vakuru veNorway vanoda mapemiti ekutanga kana zviziviso zvezvinhu zvine njodzi. Makemikari anofukidzwa neStockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants anoda chitupa chekusabvumidzwa kana kushandiswa zvine mvumo asati abvumidzwa kupinza zvinhu munyika.
Nhanho neNhanho: Maitiro Ekutevedzera Mutemo Pamberi Pekutumira Zvinhu kubva kuChina
Kupatsanura uye Kugoverwa kweNhamba dzeUN
Rwendo rwako rwekutevedzera mitemo runotanga kunyangwe usati waita kubhuka. Mutengesi (kana mutengesi wake wekutakura zvinhu) ndiye ane basa rekuisa zvinhu mumapoka nemazvo zvichienderana neDangerous Goods List muIMDG Code. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusarudzwa kwenhamba chaiyo yeUN, zita rakakodzera rekutumira zvinhu, kirasi yengozi uye boka rekutakura zvinhu. Kune mishonga yemakemikari isina kuiswa mumapoka akasiyana, hwaro hwekuisa mumapoka hunofanira kuva nzira yakapihwa muIMDG Code Chapter 2 inoda ruzivo rwezvikamu zvega zvega nehuwandu hwazvo.
Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika ndechekushandisa kupatsanura kwakarurama pasi peIMDG yekare. Chigadziro 42-24 chakawedzera nhamba itsva dzeUN uye chakachinja zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvemakemikari. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune zvigadzirwa zvemabhatiri e lithium, sezvo mamiriro ekupatsanura akachinja zvakanyanya kubva muna 2025 kusvika 2026, uye vatengesi vekunze vasina kugadzirisa madhatabhesi avo emukati vari panjodzi yekushandisa nhamba dzekare dzeUN.
Chitupa Chekurongedza Zvinhu Zvine Ngozi
Mutemo wetsika wekuChina, uri pasi peGACC, unoda kuti vanotumira kunze kwenyika vawane Chitupa Chekurongedza Zvinhu Zvine Ngozi (危险品包装证书) kuti zvinhu zvinotumirwa neDG zvitumirwe kunze kwenyika. Iyi inzira ine matanho maviri. Chekutanga, mugadziri wezvinhu zvinotakura anofanira kuongororwa nekupihwa chitupa nesangano rekuongorora rinozivikanwa neGACC. Chechipiri, mutengesi anofanira kuwana chitupa chinosimbisa kuti zvinhu zvinotakura zvakashandiswa zvakaongororwa uye zvakatenderwa kushandiswa neboka iroro rezvinhu zvine njodzi. Chitupa ichi chinofanira kuperekedza chiziviso chekutumirwa kunze kwenyika.
Kune mabhatiri e lithium, mamwe magwaro anodiwa padanho rekutumira kunze kwenyika kuChina: mushumo webvunzo weUN 38.3 kubva kurabhoritari inotenderwa unoratidza kuti mabhatiri akapasa bvunzo dzese sere dzekuchengetedza dzinofanirwa kuitwa (kutevedzera kureba, bvunzo yekupisa, kudedera, kuvhunduka, kutenderera kwekunze, kukanganiswa, kubhadharisa zvakanyanya uye kubudiswa kwemagetsi nechisimba). Chero mabhatiri asina mushumo weUN 38.3 haazogamuchirwi kuti abvumidzwe kutumirwa kunze kwenyika kuNingbo-Zhoushan kana chero imwe chiteshi cheChina.
Kupedzisa Chiziviso cheZvinhu Zvine Ngozi zveIMO
Chiziviso cheDangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) ndicho gwaro guru reIMO rechero nhumbi dzeDG dzemugungwa. Mutakuri (kwete mutakuri) ndiye ane basa rekupedzisa izvi uye kusanganisira nhamba yeUN, zita rekutumira rakakodzera, kirasi yengozi, boka rekurongedza, nhamba nerudzi rwemapakeji, huremu hwakazara nehwese, flashpoint (kana zvichibvira), zita rezvinhu zvinosvibisa gungwa (kana zvichibvira), uye mhinduro yekukurumidzira. udza mashokoChiziviso chemutumi chinofanira kusanganisira chitupa chakasainwa: 'Ndinozivisa pano kuti zviri muchinhu ichi zvakatsanangurwa zvizere uye nemazvo pamusoro apa nezita rekutumira rakakodzera, uye zvakarongwa, zvakarongedzwa, zvakaiswa chiratidzo uye zvakanyorwa mazita/zvikwangwani, uye mune zvese zviri mumamiriro akakodzera ekutakurwa zvichienderana nemitemo yehurumende yepasi rose neyenyika.'
Chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzera kurambidzwa kwekutakura zvinhu paNingbo-Zhoushan zvikanganiso paDGD, zvakaita senhamba dzeUN dzakachinjwa, mazita emapoka ekutakura zvisirizvo, kana kushaikwa kweruzivo rwekuonana nevanhu panguva yekukurumidzira. Vatakuri vane bvunzo dzavo dzekugamuchirwa kweDG vasati vatakura zvinhu uye kana kubhukwa kweDG kukarambidzwa pedyo nemuganhu wengarava, izvi zvinogona kureva mazuva kana mavhiki ekumirira nzvimbo inotevera yeDG inowanikwa pangarava yakakodzera.
Heino pfupiso yemagwaro makuru aunoda pakutakura zvinhu zvine njodzi kubva kuNingbo kuenda kuNorway:
| Document | Kuburitsa Party | chinangwa |
| Kuziviswa Kwezvinhu Zvine Ngozi zveIMO | Shipper / Freight Forwarder | Inozivisa boka rekutakura zvinhu, nhamba yeUN, uye boka rekutakura zvinhu |
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS/SDS) | mugadziri | Hunhu hwemakemikari uye ruzivo rwemhinduro dzekukurumidzira |
| Dangerous Goods Packaging Certificate | Tsika dzeChinese (GACC) | Inopa humbowo hwekuti kurongedza kunoenderana nezvinodiwa neIMDG |
| UN 38.3 Test Report (mabhatiri) | Accredited Lab | Zvinoratidza kuti mabhatiri e lithium akapasa bvunzo dzekuchengetedza |
| Packing Certificate | Freight Forwarder / Mutakuri | Inosimbisa kuiswa kwemidziyo nemazvo |
| Rezinesi rekutengesa kunze (kana zvichibvira) | MOFCOM China | Zvinodiwa pazvinhu zvetekinoroji zvinodzorwa / zvinoshandiswa kaviri |
| Chiziviso cheCustoms cheNorway (SAD) | Mutengesi / Mumiririri | Kubvumidzwa kwekupinda kwenyika pachiteshi chengarava cheNorway |
Nzira: Kubva kuNingbo-Zhoushan kuenda kuNorway Ports
Ningbo-Zhoushan haina nzira yekufambisa ngarava yakadzika zvakananga nechiteshi chengarava chekuNorway. Nzira yakajairika ndeyekufambisa ngarava nepachiteshi chikuru cheNorth Europe (kazhinji Hamburg, Rotterdam, Bremerhaven kana Antwerp) wobva waendesa ngarava yekufambisa ngarava kuchiteshi chengarava chekuNorway. Chimiro ichi chekufambisa ngarava chine zvachinokanganisa pazvinhu zvine njodzi: magwaro eDG anofanira kunge ari echokwadi uye anoenderana nengarava huru pamwe chete nepachikamu chekufambisa ngarava. Mamwe makambani ekufambisa ngarava anoshandisa mimwe mitemo yekutakura ngarava dzeDG kupfuura zvinodiwa zvishoma zveIMDG Code, saka zvakakosha kutarisa kugamuchirwa kweDG nemakambani ese ari maviri usati wabhuka.
Muna Kubvumbi 2025, Ningbo-Zhoushan yakaburitsa modhi itsva yekufambisa zvinhu muEurope inobatanidza masevhisi ekufambisa nechitima chegungwa nemhepo yegungwa, neChina-Europe Arctic Express nzira inosvika pachiteshi chengarava cheFelixstowe muUK mumazuva gumi nemasere. Sevhisi yengarava yeNingbo-Zhoushan-Wilhelmshaven China-Europe Express yakavhurawo mashandiro akajairwa, izvo zvinoderedza rwendo pakati peChina neGermany neanopfuura mazuva gumi zvichienzaniswa nenzira dzakajairika. Masevhisi aya ekufambisa nemhepo anopa mukana wekukurumidza kune network yeNorth Europe hub, uye anogona kuderedza nguva yese yekufambisa kubva kuNingbo kuenda kuNorway yekutakura zvinhu zveDG nemazuva akati wandei - asi parizvino akakodzera zvakanyanya kune zvisiri zveDG kana kuti DG yakaganhurirwa, nekuda kwemiganhu iripo yekugamuchirwa kwekutakura zvinhu.
| Origin Port | Kwokuenda Port | Kufamba kunenge | Basa Rakajairika | Kuchinja |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Oslo (Sjursoya) | Mazuva 28-35 | FCL / LCL | Hamburg kana Rotterdam |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Bergen | Mazuva 30-38 | FCL / LCL | Hamburg kana Bremerhaven |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Stavanger | Mazuva 32-40 | FCL / LCL | Hamburg kana Antwerp |
| Ningbo-Zhoushan | Kristiansand | Mazuva 31-38 | FCL | reRotterdam |
Chimwe chirambidzo chinoshanda munzira iyi yezvinhu zvine njodzi zvinotumirwa neLCL (zvishoma pane mutoro wemuchina) ndechekuti nzvimbo dzekubatanidza LCL dzinofanira kunge dziine marezenisi ekutakura zvinhu zveDG, uye havasi vese vanobatanidza zvinhu muNorth Europe transshipment hubs vakagadzirira kutakura zvinhu zveDG pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakajairika. Vatengesi vanoshandisa LCL pakutakura zvinhu zveDG vanofanira kutarisa kugamuchirwa kweDG LCL pachine nguva. Mitengo yeDG LCL inowanzo kuve yakakwira ne30 kusvika 50 muzana kupfuura mitengo yakaenzana isiri yeDG LCL, zvichireva zvinodiwa pakubata zvinhu uye magwaro ekuwedzera.
Mabhatiri eLithium: Chikamu cheDG Chakanyanya Kuoma muChina neNorway Kutengeserana
Mabhatiri eLithium (Kirasi 9, Zvimwewo) ndiwo dambudziko guru rekutevedzera mitemo yemhando dzese dzezvinhu zvine njodzi munzira yeNingbo-Norway. China ndiyo inotungamira mukugadzira mabhatiri eLithium pasi rose. Norway, iyo ine mamwe emakambani eEV ane huwandu hwakanyanya hwepamusoro pasi rose uye musika wemagetsi wevatengi uri kusimukira, inzvimbo huru yekutenga midziyo inoshandisa mabhatiri.
Chigadziro 42-24 chakaita shanduko pakurongwa kwakatsanangurwa muChikamu 2 pamusoro apa. Asi kuoma kwekutevedzera mitemo kunopfuura kungovandudzwa kwenhamba dzeUN. Kubva pakati pa2025, China yakasimbisa sisitimu yayo yekudzora kutengesa kunze kwenyika patekinoroji dzakabatana nemabhatiri e-lithium. Muna Chikunguru 2025, MOFCOM yakati marezenisi ekutumira kunze kwenyika achadikanwa pakuchinjisa matekinoroji masere akakosha anoshandiswa mukugadzira mabhatiri eEV, kusanganisira maitiro makuru emabhatiri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP). Muna Gumiguru 2025, MOFCOM neGACC vakazivisa pamwe chete mitemo yakasimba pazvinhu zvinoshandiswa kaviri kuti itange kushanda muna Mbudzi 2025. Vatengesi vezvinhu zvemabhatiri e-lithium zvakapedzwa vanoshandisa matekinoroji aya - kunyangwe chigadzirwa chacho chisiri paRunyorwa rweKushandiswa Kweviri - vanofanirwa kufunga kana rezenisi yekutumira kunze kwenyika ingadikanwa.
Kudivi rekupinza zvinhu muNorway, kune zvinodiwa zvakawanda zvinoshanda zvekutevedzera IMDG Code yemabhatiri: mabhatiri e lithium ion anotumirwa pasi peClass IA (UN3480, PI965 Section IA) haafanire kudarika 30 muzana yemamiriro ekuchaja (SoC); mapakeji ese anofanira kuratidza label yebhatiri reClass 9 lithium rinodiwa; Chiziviso cheShipper chinofanira kuperekedza kutumirwa kweClass IA; uye chero mabhatiri akabatanidzwa neEV anotumirwa sechikamu chemotokari anofanira kusanganisira magwaro ekudzivirira kupisa. Vakuru vechiteshi cheNorway netsika dzemuNorway vari kuziva nezvemitemo iyi, uye vachaongorora magwaro eDG kuti vaone kana mabhatiri atumirwa kunze kwenyika zvakanyanya kupfuura makore mashanu apfuura.
Zvakajairika Kukanganisa uye Nzira Yokunzvenga Nadzo
Makore akawanda eruzivo rwekushanda mukutumira zvinhu zvine njodzi pakati peChina neEurope anoratidza kuti zvikanganiso zvakafanana zvinobuda kakawanda. Pazasi pane tafura yezvikanganiso zvine simba uye maitiro ekudzivirira:
| Common Mistake | Migumisiro | dziviriro |
| Nhamba yeUN isiriyo paDGD | Mitoro yakarambwa pachiteshi chekubva | Simbisa kupatsanurwa uchishandisa IMDG Vol. 2 list |
| MSDS / SDS dziri kushaikwa | Kubhadhara mitero muNorway | Batanidza SDS kune zvese zvinotumirwa neDG |
| Bhatiri reLithium SoC > 30% (Kirasi IA) | Kurambwa kwemutakuri | Kudzora kuchaja usati warongedza |
| Hapana Chitupa Chekurongedza cheGACC | Kutumira kunze kwenyika kwakavharwa muChina | Isa chikumbiro chako kuburikidza nelabhoritari ine rezinesi reGACC usati wabhuka |
| Nhamba yeUN yakare (semuenzaniso UN 3171 yemotokari dzemagetsi) | Kuvharirwa kwechiteshi chengarava cheNorway | Shandisa UN 3556/3557/3558 kubva muna Ndira 2026 |
Kunze kwekukanganisa pamapepa, kubhuka nenguva ndeimwe yenyaya huru dzinogona kudzivirirwa. Chero zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinofanirwa kuziviswa kumutakuri wengarava usati wasvika nguva yekumiswa kweDG, iyo inowanzo kuve mazuva matatu kusvika mashanu zuva rekugamuchira zvinhu mungarava risati rasvika. Vatakuri vazhinji vanoona kubhuka kweDG senguva dzose uye vanosiya kutumira magwaro eDG kuminiti yekupedzisira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, dhipatimendi reDG remutakuri harina nguva yekuita ongororo yekugamuchirwa uye kubhuka kwacho kunorambwa. Vatengesi vakuru vepakati vanogona kukanganisa mashandiro nekutarisa nguva yekutungamira yeDG muchirongwa chekutumira, pane kufunga nezvekupedzisira.
8. Kutumirwa kweTopway Kunotsigira Sei Kutumirwa Kwezvinhu Zvine Ngozi?
Topway Shipping, iri muShenzhen, China, yave iri kambani yehunyanzvi yekupa mhinduro dzezvinhu zvekutengeserana kuburikidza neindaneti kubvira muna 2010. Chikwata chekutanga chine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu mumabasa ekutakura zvinhu pasi rose uye kubvisa zvinhu kubva kumitero, chakanyanya kutarisa pakufambisa zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuUS - uye nehunyanzvi hwakafanana hunofukidza ma network ekutengeserana eChina Europe, kusanganisira nzira yeChina Norway.
Mabasa eTopway Shipping anofukidza zvese zvinoitwa nemakambani: kutakurwa kwemotokari kubva kufekitori kuenda kuchiteshi, kune dzimwe nyika warehousing, kubvisirwa kwemitero (rubatsiro rwekuburitswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika neChina uye kuburitswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika neNorway), uye kutumirwa kwekupedzisira. Kunyanya pazvinhu zvine njodzi, Topway inoshanda nemasangano ekuongorora ane marezenisi eGACC kubatsira vanotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika kuwana Chitupa Chekurongedza Zvinhu Zvine Ngozi panguva yekuburitswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika neChina uye inoshanda nemapoka ekugamuchira DG ekutakura zvinhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvirevo zveDG zvatumirwa mukati menguva inodiwa nevanotakura zvinhu.
Topway inopa mabasa ekutakura zvinhu mugungwa ane mutoro wefull-container (FCL) uye less-than-container-load (LCL) kubva kuChina kuenda kumachiteshi makuru pasi rose, kusanganisira machiteshi ekuNorway akaita seOslo, Bergen neStavanger. Sarudzo yeFCL inopa nzira iri nyore yekutevedzera DG cargo - kontena imwe chete yezvinhu zvemutakuri mumwe chete, pasina matambudziko ekutakura zvinhu pamwe chete neDG LCL. Kana LCL ichidikanwa kune zvinhu zvidiki zveDG, timu yeTopway inowana mawarehouse ekubatanidza ane rezenisi yekubata DG munzvimbo yakakodzera yekutakura zvinhu.
Chikwata ichi chinobatsirawo vatengi nekukura kwemamiriro ekudzora kutumira kunze kwenyika muChina. Sezvo runyorwa rweMOFCOM rwekudzora kutumira kunze ruchagadziriswa muna 2025 kuti rutonge matekinoroji emabhatiri nezvinhu zvinoshandiswa kaviri, Topway inoshanda nevapi vemazano ekutevera mitemo yekutumira kunze kwenyika kuti vabatsire vagadziri vemabhatiri nevatengesi vekunze kuona kana rezenisi yekutumira kunze ichidikanwa kune chigadzirwa chavo chaicho zvinhu zvisati zvasvika kuNingbo-Zhoushan, nokudaro zvichidzivirira chiitiko chinodhura chekurambwa kwekutakura zvinhu pagedhi rechiteshi.
mhedziso
Kutumira zvigadzirwa zvine njodzi kubva kuNingbo-Zhoushan kuenda kuNorway ndeimwe yemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekutevedzera mitemo yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa repasi rose—asi zvinogoneka zvachose nevabatsiri vakakodzera uye kuronga. Mutemo weIMDG Code Amendment 42-24, uyo wakatanga kushanda zvizere musi wa1 Ndira 2026, wakaisa hwaro hutsva hwekupatsanura huwandu hwezvinhu zvakakosha zvekutakura zvinhu, kusanganisira zvinhu zvebhatiri re lithium. Kuwedzera kumitemo yeEU REACH neCLP, kuenderana kweNorway kunoreva kuti chikamu chechipiri chekutevedzera mitemo chinofanira kubatwa zvinhu zvisati zvabuda muOslo, Bergen, kana Stavanger.
Zvakakosha kuti kutumirwa kweDG kubudirire mukoridho iyi ndeizvi: kupatsanurwa kwakakodzera maererano neIMDG Code iripo; magwaro akazara uye akagadzirwa nemazvo, anosanganisira DGD, MSDS/SDS uye Chinese Dangerous Goods Packaging Certificate; kuziva nezvehurongwa hwekudzora kutumira kunze kwenyika hweChina kune matekinoroji ane chekuita nemabhatiri; nguva yakakodzera yekubhuka tichifunga nezvemaitiro ekugamuchira DG yekutakura; uye kusarudzwa kwemubatsiri wezvekutakura ane ruzivo rwechokwadi rweDG muzvikamu zvese zvekutumira kunze kwenyika zveChina uye zvekuNorway.
Sezvo Ningbo-Zhoushan iri kuwedzera nzira dzayo dzekutengesa zvinhu uye ichidyara mari muzvivakwa zveDG, uye sezvo chido cheNorway chezvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa mabhatiri nemakemikari emaindasitiri anobva kuChina chiri kuramba chichikura, huwandu uye kuoma kwezvinhu zvine njodzi zvinofamba munzira iyi yekutengeserana zvichawedzera chete. Vaya vanotumira zvinhu vanodyara mari muhunyanzvi hwekutevedzera mitemo ikozvino, pane kudzidza kubva mukunonoka kunodhura uye zvirango, vachave panzvimbo yakanakisisa yekuwedzera zvinhu zvavanotumira kunze kwenyika zvinobudirira uye zvakavimbika.
FAQs
Mubvunzo: Ko IMDG Code inosungirwa here kune zvese zvinotumirwa mugungwa kubva kuChina kuenda kuNorway?
A: Ehe. China neNorway zvese zviri muSOLAS, izvo zvinoda kuti zvitevedzwe neIMDG Code yezvinhu zvese zvine njodzi zvinofambiswa negungwa. Chinyorwa cha2024 (Amendment 42-24) chinofanirwa kuteverwa kubva 1 Ndira 2026.
Mubvunzo: Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peFCL neLCL pakutakura zvinhu zvine njodzi?
A: FCL (Full Container Load) inoratidza kuti mutoro wako unogara mugaba rese, saka hapana matambudziko ekutakura pamwe chete nekutakura kwevamwe vanotakura. Iyi ndiyo sarudzo inosarudzwa yekutakura zvinhu zveDG. LCL (Less than Container Load) inosanganisa zvinhu zvevanotakura zvinhu zvakawanda mugaba rimwe chete. Haasi ese mawareji ekubatanidza zvinhu anotora mutoro weDG uye muripo weDG LCL unowanzo kuve wakakwira ne30-50% kupfuura usiri weDG LCL.
Mubvunzo: Mabhatiri angu e-lithium akambotaurwa pasi peUN 3171. Pane chandinofanira kuchinja here?
A: Hongu–ipapo ipapo. Kubva musi wa31 Kurume 2025, UN 3171 inoshanda chete kumotokari dzine mabhatiri asiri e-lithium (semuenzaniso lead acid). "Mota dzinoshandisa mabhatiri e-lithium dzinofanira kushandisa UN 3556, UN 3557 kana UN 3558. Kurongwa kwekare kunogona kukonzera kusungwa kwemidziyo muzviteshi zveNorway.
Mubvunzo: Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane Chitupa Chekurongedza Zvinhu Zvine Ngozi muChina?
A: Kazhinji mazuva mashanu kusvika gumi ekushanda kubva panguva yaunotumira fomu rekunyorera uye masampuli ekurongedza kusangano rekuongorora rinozivikanwa neGACC. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa muhurongwa hwekugadzira nekutumira zvinhu kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika, kunyanya kana vachibata nezvinhu zvitsva kana magadzirirwo matsva ekurongedza.
Mubvunzo: Ko Topway Shipping inobata here kubvumidzwa kwemitero yekutengeswa kunze kwenyika neDG muChina?
A: Ehe. Kushanda kweTopway Shipping kunosanganisira kubvumidzwa kweDG kutumira kunze kwenyika kune zviteshi zvekuChina zvakaita seNingbo-Zhoushan uye inoshanda pamwe chete nemasangano ekuongorora ane rezenisi yeGACC kuti awane zvitupa zvekurongedza. Isu tinochengeta mapepa eDG anodiwa kuti tizadzise nguva yakatarwa yekutakura.
