Musiyano Chaiwo Pakati peEXW, FOB neDDP Pakutumira Zvinhu Zvikuru kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance
ziviso
Kana wakambotenga sofa, treadmill kana hood yekicheni yekutengeserana kubva kufekitori yekuChina woedza kuitumira kumba nemba kumutengi ari muParis kana Lyon, unoziva kuti izwi rekutakura zvinhu rakadhindwa painvoice yako yeproforma rinogona kureva mutsauko pakati pekutumira zvinhu zvakanaka nedambudziko guru remutero. EXW, FOB, DDP hazvisi zvipfupiso chete. Imitemo yekutengeserana yepamutemo inosarudza kuti ndiani muridzi wezvinhu zvako, ndiani anobhadhara chii, uye ndiani anotora njodzi kana chimwe chinhu chaparara pakati pefekitori muShenzhen nekero yekupedzisira muFrance.
Muna 2024, France yakatenga zvinhu zvinokosha mari inodarika mabhiriyoni makumi manomwe nemanomwe emadhora ekuAmerica kubva kuChina, chikamu chikuru chazvo chaisanganisira zvinhu zvikuru uye zvinorema zvakaita sefenicha, midziyo yemumba, midziyo yekurovedza muviri uye zvishandiso zvemaindasitiri. Sezvo e-commerce iri kukura, varidzi vezvitoro vakazvimiririra uye vanotenga zvinhu zvidiki kusvika zvepakati vari kutumira zvinhu izvi kekutanga, uye zvinorehwa nekusarudza izwi rekutengeserana risiri iro rakakwirira kune zvinhu zvikuru zvinotakura kupfuura zvigadzirwa zvidiki. Kukanganisa mitengo yekumisa zvinhu pamudziyo une zvigaro zvekukwiza muviri kunogona kubvisa mari yacho kwekota yese.
Mugwaro iri, tinotsanangura EXW, FOB neDDP nemashoko chaiwo, mukuita kwacho, kwezvinhu zvikuru nezvikuru zvinobva kuChina kuenda kuFrance. Rinotsanangura kuti chirevo chimwe nechimwe chinodhura zvakadii mukuita, kuti njodzi dzinopfuura nemaoko, kuti tsika dzeFrance neEU VAT zvinobatana sei nemamiriro ezvinhu ese uye kuti nguva yega yega ine musoro wezvemari riini.
Zvinorehwa Nemashoko Aya Chaizvoizvo - Uye Nei Mitoro Yakakura Ichiita Kuti Iome
Tsananguro zhinji dzeIncoterms dzinobva papfungwa iyi. EXW zvinoreva kuti mutengesi haaite chero chinhu. Mutengi anoronga zvese kubva pagedhi refekitori. FOB inoratidza kuti mutengesi anoisa zvinhu muchikepe pachiteshi chekutanga uye anoendesa mutoro kumutengi kana zvangopinda muchikepe. DDP inoratidza kuti mutengesi anounza zvinhu pamusuwo wemutengi, mutero nemitero zvabhadharwa. Ongororo idzodzo dzakakwana, asi hadzina kukanganiswa kwekufambisa chigaro chekusajaira che400-kilogram kana sofa yakarara inozadza hafu yemudziyo wemamita makumi mana.
Zvinhu zvakakura, zvinorema zvinokonzera matambudziko panzvimbo imwe neimwe yekutumira zvinhu. Pakutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika chete, chinhu chinorema mazana emakirogiramu chinofanira kurongedzwa mumabhokisi emapuranga akapiswa nefuro kana mapallet akasimbiswa zvinoenderana nemitemo yeISPM 15 yekuchenesa zvirimwa. Kutakura zvinhu zvine mubhedha wakatsetseka uye michina yekurodha zvinhu zvinodiwa pakutakura zvinhu kubva kufekitori iri mukati menyika kuenda kuchiteshi cheChina. Zvinhu zvinogona kuda kugadziriswa zvakananga pachiteshi chengarava muLe Havre kana Marseille-Fos. Kutumira zvinhu kwenguva pfupi muFrance kunowanzo sanganisira kutumirwa kwakavakirwa pakusangana nechikwata chelift-gate kana mapoka evanhu vaviri. Chimwe nechimwe cheizvi inzvimbo yekutaurirana yakavanzwa mushure mechibvumirano chekutengeserana chamunogamuchira kubva kumutengesi wenyu.
EXW: Yakanyanya Kudzora, Yakakura Mutoro
EXW (Ex Works) – Kana zvinhu zvangoiswa panzvimbo yakatarwa (kazhinji mufekitori yemutengesi kana mudura), mutoro wemutengesi wapera. Mutengi anobhadhara mari dzese dzinotevera: kubhuka rori yemuno kuti atore kubva kufekitori, kubvumidzwa kwemitero yekuburitsa zvinhu kunze kwenyika yeChina uye rezenisi rekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika kana zvichidikanwa, kubhuka zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kuvimbisa zvinhu, mitero yekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika yeFrance, kubhadhara mitero neVAT uye kuronga kutumirwa kwekupedzisira. Izvi zvakaoma chaizvo kune vatengi vasina hukama hwakasimba hwekutakura zvinhu muChina. Mutengi anofanirawo kuva nekambani ine rezenisi yekuChina kuti ive mutengesi wepamutemo kuti atumire chigadzirwa kubva kuChina zviri pamutemo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutengi anofanira kunge aine mumiriri wemuno kana kutaura nemutengesi ane hunyanzvi ihwohwo.
Mutoro wakakura unowedzera chimwe chinhu chakaoma, kutora zvinhu zveEXW. Nzvimbo dzekuisa zvinhu dzinogona kuganhurirwa mufekitori iri kunze kweGuangzhou mupaki yemaindasitiri. Mutengi kana mumiririri wake anofanira kuona kuti michina yacho inoenderana here, nzira dzekuisa zvinhu uye kana fekitori ichizobatsira kana kuti ichamira. Zvese zvinhu hazvibatanidzwi mumutengo.
FOB: Kusashanda Kweindasitiri — Nemikana Yayo Yakavanzika
FOB (Free On Board) izwi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakutengeserana kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuChina, uye ndizvozvo. Mutengesi wekuChina anoronga kutakurwa kwemuno kuenda kuchiteshi, kubvisirwa kwemitero yekutumira kunze kwenyika uye kutakurirwa muchikepe. Kuendeswa kwenjodzi nemari kumutengi kana zvinhu zviri muchikepe. Kugoverwa uku kwevashandi kune musoro sezvo mutengesi anonzwisisa mamiriro ezvekufambisa munzvimbo yemuno uye achikwanisa kuita maitirwo eChina zvinobudirira, nepo mutengi ari iye ane basa rekubhuka nekubvisirwa kwezvinhu zvekunze kwenyika panzvimbo yaanoenda.
Asi FOB ine zvikanganiso chaizvo zveChina-France panzira yezvinhu zvikuru. Kusarudzwa kwechiteshi kwakakosha zvikuru. Mutengesi anotaura nezveFOB Jiangmen angave ari kurerutsa kuoma kwacho sezvo Jiangmen iri chiteshi chinopa vanhu chikafu uye zvinhu zvinofanirwa kufambiswa nepakati penzvimbo huru dzakadai seShenzhen kuti zvitakurwe kunze kwenyika. Kutakurwa kwechikepe kunowedzera mutengo nenguva, uye kana chiteshi chakatarwa chisiri nzvimbo huru yekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kusawirirana pamusoro pekuti ndiani anotambura nemari iyoyo kunowanzoitika. Vatengi vanofanira kusimbirira paFOB pachiteshi chikuru senge Shanghai, Shenzhen, Ningbo kana Guangzhou, uye vosimbisa izvi nekunyora vasati vagamuchira proforma.
Zvadaro pane mubvunzo wekuti chii chinoitika mushure mekupera kweFOB. Mutengi achafanira kusarudza kutakura zvinhu zvemugungwa kana zvemudenga, kubvisa zvinhu zvakatumirwa kuburikidza neFrench custom, kubhadhara mitero yekupinza zvinhu neVAT, uye kuronga kuendesa zvinhu nekukurumidza. Kana iri nguva yako yekutanga kupinza zvinhu zvikuru, chimwe nechimwe chezvizvi ihukama hutsva hwevatengesi hwaunofanira kubata, ne invoice yahwo uye mukana wekuti zvinhu zvisaitike.
DDP: Zviri nyore chose, asi zvakaoma kutevedzera mitemo
Kune rimwe divi rechikamu pane DDP (Delivered Duty Paid). Vachabata zvese kubva kumugadziri ari kuChina kusvika pakero yaunopa kuFrance, kusanganisira kubvumidzwa kwekutumira kunze kwenyika, kutakura zvinhu pasi rose, kupinza zvinhu muFrance, kubhadhara mitero, VAT uye kutumira kwekupedzisira. Kune kutengeserana kwekutengeserana kwepamhepo kuFrance, DDP inokwezva: mutengo mumwe chete, nzvimbo imwe chete yekutaurirana, hapana kushamisika kune vatengi vanouya nemitengo.
Zvisinei, chiyero chekutevedzera DDP muEU hachisi chinhu chidiki. Kubva muna 2021, EU yakaraira VAT pazvinhu zvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvisinei nekuti zvine mutengo wakadini uye kubva muna 2024 kusvika muna 2025, chinodiwa chekuchengetedza cheEU cheICS2 chakaunza zvinodiwa zvekushuma data risati rasvika pane zvese zvinotumirwa. Kuti DDP ishande nemazvo, mupi wezvekufambisa anofanirwa kunge aine nhamba yeEORI yakanyoreswa muFrance kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo muEU, kukwanisa kuita semupi wezvinyorwa uye kutarisira DAF (Delta system advance declarations) uye ICS2 files zvinobudirira. Kugadziriswa kweDDP nemupi wezvekufambisa asina hunyanzvi uhwu kunogona kukonzera kuchengetwa kwemitero, faindi kana kudzoserwa kwekutumira - zvese zvinodhura, kunyanya kune zvinhu zvakakura zvinotakura uko muripo wekuchengetedza wezuva nezuva pazviteshi zveFrance kana mawarehouse unogona kuwedzera munguva pfupi.
Mutengo Wechokwadi Wekusvika: Kuenzanisa Padivi Nepadivi
Kuti uzive kana nguva yacho ichidhura zvakanyanya, unofanira kufunga nezvemutengo wepasi rose - mutengo wekutamisa chiyuniti chimwe chezvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kunzvimbo inoshandiswa muFrance. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kupatsanurwa kwemutengo wekutakura zvinhu zvakakura kwazvo panguva imwe neimwe: chirongo chimwe chete che20ft chefenicha yakatsetseka ine mutengo wemari inosvika USD 15,000 FOB, inotumirwa kubva kuShenzhen kuenda kuLe Havre, uye kutumirwa kwekupedzisira kuParis.
| Cost Component | EXW | FOB | DDP |
| Kutakura marori emuChina nekutakura zvinhu zvemufekitori | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengesi anobhadhara | Mutengesi anobhadhara |
| Export customs clearance (China) | Mutengi anoronga | Seller mabatiro | Seller mabatiro |
| Rezinesi / magwaro ekuburitsa kunze kwenyika | Mutengi anoronga | Seller mabatiro | Seller mabatiro |
| Kutevedzera mitemo yekurongedza huni yeISPM 15 | Mutengi anoronga | Seller mabatiro | Seller mabatiro |
| Mitoro yegungwa (Shenzhen → Le Havre) | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengesi anobhadhara |
| Cargo insurance | Mutengi anoronga | Mutengi anoronga | Mutengesi anoronga |
| Kuisa magwaro ekuchengetedza eEU ICS2 usati wasvika | Mutengi anoronga | Mutengi anoronga | Seller mabatiro |
| Kubvumidzwa kwemitero yekupinza zvinhu muFrance | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengi anobhadhara | Seller mabatiro |
| Mitero yekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika (inoenderana nezvigadzirwa, 0–12%) | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengesi anobhadhara |
| VAT yeFrance (20% paCIF + muripo) | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengesi anobhadhara/anounganidza |
| Mari dzekutarisira nzvimbo dzechiteshi (THC) | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengesi anobhadhara |
| Kuendeswa kwemukati menyika Le Havre → Paris | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengi anobhadhara | Mutengesi anobhadhara |
| Kugadzwa kwemakiromita ekupedzisira/sevhisi yekusimudza | Mutengi anoronga | Mutengi anoronga | Seller mabatiro |
| Risk transfer point | Gedhi refekitari | Yakatakurwa muchikepe | Kero yemutengi |
Kubva mukugoverwa uku, EXW inopa mutengi simba guru rekutonga pamusoro pemari yese uye sarudzo dzevatakuri, asi inoda manejimendi inoshanda kuburikidza nehukama hutanhatu hwakasiyana hwevatengesi uye maitiro maviri ekubhadhara kunze kwenyika. Kune vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vane ruzivo rwekutaurirana kwekutakura zvinhu kuChina, EXW inogona kunge isingadhuri. Mari yakavanzika yekubatanidza logistics yekuChina inopfuura kuyera chero mukana wemutengo wepamusoro mumutengo wevatengesi vemakambani mazhinji e-commerce anotumira zvinhu zvikuru nguva nenguva.
FOB inzvimbo yakanaka yepakati. Mupi wezvinhu anotarisira chikamu chavanonyatsoziva - kutakura zvinhu kuChina uye kubvumidzwa kwekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Mutengi ndiye anotarisira mutengo wekutakura zvinhu pasi rose uye kubvumidzwa kwekutakura zvinhu panzvimbo yaunoda kuenda. FOB inobatsira kune vanotenga vanotumira zvinhu kuFrance nguva dzose uye vane mumiririri wezvemitero wekuFrance uye mufambisi wezvinhu akavimbika wekutakura zvinhu kuti vashandise mukukurukurirana kwemitengo nemitengo. Mutengo wekutakura zvinhu nechikepe kubva kuChina kuenda kuLe Havre unosiyana zvakanyanya. Vatengi vakuru vanobhuka zvinhu zvakananga kubva kune kambani kana kuburikidza nekambani inotakura zvinhu vanowanzowana mutengo uri nani pane vatengesi vanofanirwa kuronga zvinhu zvevatengi vadiki.
Kune mutengi, DDP ndiyo iri nyore uye iri kuva izwi rinofarirwa pakutumira zvinhu kuburikidza ne-e-commerce uko mutengi wekupedzisira anotarisira mutengo wakazara. Chenjedzo inoshanda ndeyemhando yekushanda: mutengo weDDP kubva kumutengesi asina kunyoreswa kwetsika dzemuEU, mumiriri wemari yeVAT muFrance uye kugona kweICS2 kufambisa zvinhu haisi DDP chaiyo - inzira yekubvisa mitero yetsika uye invoice isingatarisirwi.
Kufamba muFrench Customs neVAT: Chii Chinoitika kuLe Havre?
Le Havre, chiteshi chikuru chengarava munyika, chinogadzirisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopinzwa muFrance, zvimwe zvose zvichitarisirwa neMarseille-Fos kumaodzanyemba. Kana uri kusarudza pakati peFOB neDDP unofanira kufunga nezvezvichaitika kana wagamuchira zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotakura zvinhu muchiteshi chimwe nechimwe. Maitiro ekutumira zvinhu muFrance ave akaoma zvikuru mumakore achangopfuura.
MuFrance, mitero yekupinza zvinhu inoiswa padanho reEU uchishandisa EU Common Customs Tariff uye inoverengerwa paCIF kukosha kwekutumira zvinhu (kureva mutengo wakabatanidzwa wezvigadzirwa, inishuwarenzi uye kutakura zvinhu pasi rose kuenda kuchiteshi chekutanga cheEU). Mitengo yemitero yezvikamu zvakajairika zvinotumirwa semitoro mikuru kubva kuChina inotangira pa0 muzana yezvimwe zvishandiso zvemaindasitiri kusvika pa6 muzana yemasofa nefenicha yakaputirwa kusvika pa12 muzana yemamwe machira. Mutengo chaiwo unotsanangurwa neHS code inopihwa yechigadzirwa.
MuFrance, VAT inoiswa pamutengo wenguva dzose we20 muzana, uye pamutengo weCIF pamwe nemutero wekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kwete chete kukosha kwezvinhu zvakataurwa. Kuwedzerwa uku kwakakosha kana zvinhu zvakawanda zviri mukutakura zvinhu uko mitengo yekutakura zvinhu yakakwira kana tichienzanisa nemutengo wezvinhu. Kutakura zvinhu zvine mutengo weFOB weUSD 20,000 kunogona kuva neUSD 3,500 mukutakura zvinhu mugungwa uye USD 500 muinishuwarenzi, zvichikonzera kukosha kweCIF kweUSD 24,000. Nemutengo wemutero we3.7 muzana, mutero unosvika kuUSD 888 uye neVAT base yeUSD 24,888, izvi zvinotungamira kuUSD 4,978 muVAT chete. Mutero wese unopfuura chikamu chimwe chete chekukosha kwezvinhu zviri mukutakura zvinhu uku: anenge USD 5,800.
Sisitimu Yekudzora Kupinza Zvinhu muEU 2 (ICS2) inoda data remagetsi rakawedzerwa rekuchengetedza zvinhu zvese zvinopinda muEU kubva muna 2024. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana muine zvinhu zvinotakura zvinhu munofanirwa kutanga maisa data racho uye mitoro yegungwa zvinodiwa zvinoshandiswa padanho rengarava uye zvinoda tsananguro dzakakodzera dzezvinhu, makodhi eHS uye data remutumi/consignee riri muchimiro chemagetsi risati rasvika. Kana paine chikanganiso kana data risina kukwana zvinogona kukonzera kuti zvinhu zvichengetedzwe pachiteshi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzera matambudziko makuru sezvo mari yekuchengetera chiteshi ichibhadharwa zuva nezuva pamudziyo wega wega. Kana uri mutumi anoshandisa FOB uye achiita clearance yako yecustoms, unofanira kuva nechokwadi chekuti broker wako wecustoms wekuFrance agadzirira ICS2. Kana uri mutumi uchishandisa DDP, uchafanira kutarisa izvi nemupi wako wezvekufambisa.
| Cargo Type | Chitsauko cheHS chakajairika | Mutengo weEU | Muenzaniso: FOB USD 20,000 + USD 4,000 Midziyo | Mutero Wose (Mitero + 20% VAT) |
| Sofa rine upholstery | 9401 | 5.7% | CIF USD 24,000 → Mutero USD 1,368 | ~USD 5,074 |
| Midziyo yekutsika-tsika/midziyo yekurovedza muviri. | 9506 | 2.7% | CIF USD 24,000 → Mutero USD 648 | ~USD 4,930 |
| Muchina wekuwacha | 8450 | 2.0% | CIF USD 24,000 → Mutero USD 480 | ~USD 4,896 |
| Massage cheya | 9402 | 2.7% | CIF USD 24,000 → Mutero USD 648 | ~USD 4,930 |
| Electric scooter | 8711 | 6.0% | CIF USD 24,000 → Mutero USD 1,440 | ~USD 5,088 |
| Huro yekicheni / mudziyo wekushandisa | 8414 | 1.7% | CIF USD 24,000 → Mutero USD 408 | ~USD 4,882 |
Data riri pamusoro apa rinoratidza kuti sei kusarudza nguva yekutengeserana kune zvakunoreva zvakananga pamusoro pemari kupfuura invoice yekutakura zvinhu. Pasi peFOB mari idzi dzinobhadharwa nemutengi kuFrench customs zvakananga kana kuburikidza nemutengesi wecustoms uyo anozomubhadharisa gare gare. MuDDP, mari dzakadaro dzinoiswa muinvoice yese nemupi wezvinhu uye mutengi anobhadhara mutengo mumwe chete unosanganisira zvese. Njodzi neDDP ndeyekuti mutengi anogona kuwana imwe ongororo kubva kuFrench customs munguva pfupi iri kutevera kana mupi wezvinhu akakanganisa mutero wemutero kana kushandisa HS code isiriyo - ndosaka kubata nemubatsiri wezvinhu ane ruzivo rwakadzama rweEU customs kusiri sarudzo.
Ndeipi Nguva Yokusarudza - uye Rini
Mhinduro chaiyo inoenderana nekuti mutengi akura sei pakutenga zvinhu, kuti vanotumira kangani, rudzi rwezvinhu uye kuvimbika kwemubatsiri wekutakura zvinhu kumativi ese ekutengeserana.
EXW yakakodzera vatengi vane kambani yekutakura zvinhu yakavimbika iri kuChina inogona kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kutumira zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kutaurirana mitengo yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa zvakananga, uye ine kambani yekutakura zvinhu muFrance ine mitemo yeICS2. Zvine musorowo kana mutengi achida kubatanidza zvinhu kubva kuvatengesi vekuChina vakasiyana-siyana panguva imwe chete, sezvo kutarisira zvinhu zvinotorwa kubva kufekitori yemutengesi wega wega zvichibvumira kushanduka kwakanyanya pakugadzirisa zvinhu.
Kune vazhinji vanotenga zvinhu zvikuru zvekuChina vanotumira nguva nenguva, FOB ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Inobvisa kuoma kwekutakura zvinhu kubva kune dzimwe nyika (mutengo mumwe chete mukuru unochinja-chinja muequation) kubva mumaoko emutengi uye inobvumira mutengesi kuti atarisire kuoma kwekutakura zvinhu kudivi reChina kwavanogona kubata. Pasi peFOB, danho nderekuona chiteshi chikuru uye kuchisimbisa nekunyora, kusarudza mutengesi wezvemitero wekuFrance anokwanisa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neICS2, uye kubatanidza mitoro yese neVAT mubhajeti yemari yekutenga zvinhu kubva pazuva rekutanga.
DDP ndiyo mhinduro iri pachena kune vatengesi ve e-commerce vanoyambuka miganhu vane vatengi vanoda kuona mutengo wakazara wekutenga pakubhadhara, uye vasina zvivakwa zvemukati zvekugadzirisa mitero yemitero ivo pachavo. Ndiyo sarudzo yakakodzerawo kune vanotanga kupinza zvinhu zvikuru vanoda kunzwisisa bhizinesi vasati vatanga kutaurirana nevatengesi vavo. Chinokosha ndechekusarudza mupi weDDP ane kunyoreswa kwemitero yeEU inosimbiswa, mumiriri weFrench fiscal VAT, uye hunyanzvi hwakaratidzwa mukutumira zvinhu zvikuru, kusanganisira kutumira appointment yemakiromita ekupedzisira nemidziyo chaiyo.
| Mbiri yeMutengi | Yakakurudzirwa Term | Chikonzero Chekutanga |
| Mutengesi weE-commerce, kutumira kwekutanga kuFrance | DDP | Zviri nyore; hapana zvivakwa zvemitero zvinodiwa |
| Mutengesi weB2B anoramba achiuya, mutengesi wezvemitero akasimbiswa | FOB | Kudzora mitengo yekutakura zvinhu; kuoneka pachena kwemitengo |
| Mutengi wekubatanidza vatengesi vakawanda | EXW | Kuchinjika kukuru kwekubatanidza China-side |
| Mutengesi wepuratifomu ane maSKU akawanda, anofungidzirwa | FOB kana DDP | Zvinoenderana nekuti mutengesi ndiye anodzora kunyoreswa kweVAT muEU here |
| Kutumirwa kwepurojekiti kamwe chete (michina, midziyo) | DDP | Inodzivisa kudiwa kwekuisa rekodhi yekutumira zvinhu zvinotumirwa kamwe chete |
Kutumirwa kweTopway Kunotsigira Sei Mitoro Yakakura Kuenda kuFrance
Yakavambwa muna 2010, Topway Shipping inyanzvi inopa mabasa ekutakura zvinhu munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, ine hunyanzvi mukutakura zvinhu zvakakura uye zvinorema, iri muShenzhen China. Chikwata chekutanga kambani iyi chine makore anopfuura gumi nemashanu eruzivo rwekugadzira zvinhu pasi rose uye kubvisa zvinhu kubva mumitero neruzivo rwakasimba rwekushanda kwezvikamu zvinoumba indasitiri huru yekutakura zvinhu, zvinosanganisira fenicha, midziyo yekugwinya muviri, midziyo yemumba, midziyo yekutengeserana nezvimwe.
Topway Shipping iri kushanda pasi pemitemo yese mitatu yekutengeserana yakurukurwa pano. Topway inopa vatengi veFOB kuunganidza zvinhu kubva kumafekitori ekuChina, kubatanidza ngarava dzemuno munzvimbo yayo yeShenzhen, kubvisa mitero yekutumira kunze kwenyika uye kubhuka ngarava dzemugungwa munzira dzakasimbiswa dzeChina neEurope. Kambani iyi inotakura zvinhu zvemugungwa, zvinotora mazuva makumi mana nemashanu kusvika makumi mashanu kuenda kuzviteshi zvemuEurope, uye ne njanji inotakura kuburikidza neChina-Europe njanji, iyo inotora mazuva makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu uye inotengeswa pakati pekutakura zvinhu mugungwa nendege.
Topway inopa sevhisi yayo yakazara yeDDP kuvatengesi nevatengi vanoshanda maererano nemamiriro eDDP munyika makumi maviri neshanu dzeEU dzinosanganisira France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Netherlands neBelgium. Sevhisi iyi inopa nzira yekubvisa zvinhu kunze kwenyika kubva kuChina, kutakura zvinhu pasi rose, kubvumidzwa kwemitengo yekunze kubva kuEU nekunyoreswa kweEORI, muripo wemutero neVAT uye kuendesa zvinhu nekukurumidza kusanganisira kuendesa zvinhu zvakakura nezvikuru. Sekureva kwedata rekambani reDDP rekutumira zvinhu, 91 muzana yekutumira zvinhu nechikepe zvinosainwa uye zvinogamuchirwa nemutengi wekupedzisira mukati memazuva makumi mana nemashanu kusvika makumi mashanu nemashanu kubva pakubva kuChina.
Nzvimbo huru yekutakura zvinhu yeTopway yakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa nechikamu ichi. Warehouse yekambani yeShenzhen inogona kubata zvigadzirwa zvinorema kusvika matani masere uye zvinorema kusvika mamita masere pamucheto mumwe chete, zvichisanganisira mhando dzese dzezvinhu zvakakura kubva pamidziyo yemumba kusvika kumidziyo yekutengeserana nemidziyo yeindasitiri. Mawareji edu ekuEurope anotsigira kutumira kwechipiri, kudzosa, kunyora patsva, uye kuzadzikiswa kweB2B kubva kune mutengi.
Topway Shipping inopa kuendesa zvinhu nekukurumidza kune vatengesi ve e-commerce vanoyambuka miganhu neB2B neB2C odha dzinoyerera kuburikidza ne network yayo yekudyidzana yeEurope nekutevera mapakeji kubva pakutora zvinhu kusvika pasaini yekupedzisira. Sisitimu yekutarisira zvinhu yekambani inobvumira kuonekwa padanho rega rega, ichideredza mipata yeruzivo inowanzo kukonzera kusawirirana uye zvichemo mukutakura zvinhu zvikuru.
Maitiro emitengo eTopway anoratidza hunhu hwemusika wekutakura zvinhu wakakura. Nepo vatakuri vemapasuru vanowanzo shandisa maverengero ehuremu hwakasiyana, mitengo yeTopway inobva pahukuru hwezvinhu chaizvo nehuremu, saka vatengi vane pachena uye vanofungidzira mutengo usati watengeswa. Izvi zvine zvazvinoreva kune vatengesi vanoisa mitengo yezvinhu zvemusika weFrance. Kuverenga mitengo chaiyo mukati mechikamu chidiki chezana ndiyo hwaro hwehurongwa hwemitengo hunoshanda.
Zvikanganiso Zvishanu Zvinodhura Zvekudzivisa Pasinei Neshoko Raunosarudza
Zvikanganiso zvinoitika kakawanda mukutakura zvinhu zvikuru munzira yeChina-France uye zvinodhura zvakakwana zvekuti zvinoda kutariswa zvakanyanya, kungave uchitumira EXW, FOB kana DDP.
Chekutanga ndechekuti paunogamuchira mutengo wemutengesi usingasimbise nzvimbo yakanyorwa. Kutaura kuti FOB China chete hakurevi chinhu kana chiteshi chisina kutaurwa zvakananga - uye chikuru. Simbisa FOB Shenzhen, FOB Shanghai kana FOB Ningbo uye tarisa kuti mupi anogona kuendesa zvinhu kunzvimbo iri pachiteshi chekurodha.
Chechipiri ndechekusakoshesa kukosha kwekurongedza mumutengo wese wekumisa zvinhu. Kune zvinhu zvakawanda, mutengo wekugadzira matanda akakwana kana mapallet ane ISPM 15 anogona kuwedzera USD 50 kusvika USD 200 payuniti imwe neimwe uye kusaita izvi kunokonzera matambudziko panguva yekuongororwa kwemishonga yemhuka muEU. Mutengo uyu unofanirwa kutaurwa zvakajeka mufungidziro yemutengesi uye kusimbiswa mutsanangudzo yekurongedza.
Chechitatu hachisi chekunyoresa nhamba yeEORI usati watumira zvinhu zvekutanga. Kana uri kupinza zvinhu muFrance uchishandisa mitemo yeFOB, iwe kana mumiririri wako wezvemitero munofanira kunge muine nhamba yeEconomic Operator Registration and Identification kuti mubvise zvinhu kuburikidza neEU customs. Zvikumbiro zvinotora nguva uye zvinofanirwa kutanga kushanda nguva refu usati wagamuchira zvinhu zvekutanga.
Chechina ndechekusatarisa makodhi eHS usati watumira. Kodhi yeHS inoratidza mwero wemitero uye mune mamwe mapoka matanho ekurwisa dumping. MuChina, vatengesi vekunze dzimwe nguva vanoshandisa makodhi ekuisa muzvikamu anoderedza mutoro wavo wemitero yekuburitsa kunze, izvo zvingasaenderana nekuisa muzvikamu kwakakodzera kwekutumira zvinhu muFrance. Kana musiyano ukawanikwa, tsika dzemuFrance dzinogona kumanikidza kuongororazve, faindi uye kubata zvinhu.
Cheshanu, uye chinonyanya kukosha pakutumira zvinhu zveDDP, ndechekuti mupi wezvekutakura zvinhu anosarudzwa zvichienderana nemitengo chete, pasina kusimbisa kana mupi uyu akanyoreswa neEU customs uye kana aine mukana wekushanda wezvinhu zvikuru. Kana ukawana mutengo weDDP wakachipa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo isina mumiriri weFrench fiscal VAT kana nzira yekuendesa chinhu che250kg kukero yekugara, izvo hazvisi zvekubvumirana - izvo mutoro.
mhedziso
EXW, FOB neDDP zvakasiyana zvikuru mukugovana kwavo mari nenjodzi, uye mhedzisiro yekusiyana uku inotowedzera kana mutoro wacho wakura. Kutakura zvinhu zve30kg kunonamira pamitero kunonetsa. Tiri kutaura nezvekutakura zvigaro zvekukwiza, mapallet maviri akamiswa paLe Havre nekuda kwematambudziko edata reICS2 kana kusarongeka zvakanaka kweHS code. Izvozvo zvakakanganisa zvikuru mari.
Kune vazhinji vanotengeserana ne-e-commerce vanopinda munyika nemakambani eB2B vanopinda mumusika weFrance nemidziyo mikuru inobva kuChina, zano rinoshanda nderekuti mutange neDDP kusvika nzira yanzwisiswa - mabasa, nguva dzekufambisa, mamiriro ezvinhu ekupedzisira mumaguta nemaguta eFrance - uye mozoongorora kana FOB ine mutengesi wekutakura zvinhu akavimbika uye mutengesi wemitero ichipa zvakanakira mutengo zvine musoro. EXW ndeyevatengi vakatovaka zvivakwa zvekutakura zvinhu kumativi ese, uye vanoda kuva nekutonga kwakanyanya.
Chero zvamungazviti, hunhu hwemubatsiri wenyu wekutakura zvinhu hunonyanya kukosha kupfuura zita. Chinhu chimwe chete chakakosha ndechekuti zvinhu zvenyu zvinotumirwa kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance zvinosvika nenguva, nebhajeti, uye pasina kushamisika kwemitero yemutero ndeyekusarudza mupi wezvinhu ane hunyanzvi hwekutakura zvinhu zvakawanda, anokwanisa kutevedzera mitemo yemutero yeEU, uye anonyatsoonekwa kusvika padanho rekupedzisira.
FAQs
Mubvunzo: Ko DDP inogara ichidhura kupfuura FOB here pakutumira zvinhu zvikuru kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance?
A: Kwete nguva dzose. DDP inoisa mari yese inosanganisira mitero, VAT, kutakura zvinhu uye kuendesa zvinhu mumutengo mumwe chete uyo dzimwe nguva unogona kukwikwidzana nemari yese inofanira kubhadharwa nemutengi kana achibata zvinhu izvozvo zvakasiyana (FOB). Kuenzanisa kwakawanda kunoenderana nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvako, simba rako rekutaurirana nevatakuri uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemutengesi wecustoms akazvimiririra. DDP inogona kuva mutengo wakafanana kana wakaderera kana uchisanganisira mari yekubatanidza yekutumira zvinhu zvishoma kana kekutanga.
Mubvunzo: Ndingadzosa here VAT yeFrance yakabhadharwa pazvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika kana ndiri bhizinesi?
A: Ehe, kazhinji, kana uine kunyoreswa kweVAT muFrance kana chibvumirano chemumiriri wemari weFrance, unogona kudzosa 20% VAT yekupinza yawakabhadhara pamitero yemutero uchishandisa nzira yakajairika yekudzorera VAT. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei vanopinza zvinhu nguva nenguva vachisarudza kushandisa FOB kana DDP apo VAT inoratidzwa zvakajeka pakupinda kwemitero yemutero uye nekudaro zviri nyore kudzosa. Nyanzvi yako yemitero yeFrance kana mumiririri wemitero anogona kutarisa mamiriro chaiwo.
Mubvunzo: Ndeipi nguva yakajairika yekutakura zvinhu zvakakura kubva kuShenzhen kuenda kuParis pasi pemhando yega yega yekutakura?
A: Kazhinji, kutakura zvinhu mugungwa kubva kuShenzhen kuenda kuLe Havre kunotora mazuva angangoita 30 kusvika 35 ekufamba nechikepe. Nekugadziriswa kwechiteshi uye kugadziriswa kwemitero, nguva yese yekupinda nepasuo ichave mazuva angangoita 45 kusvika 55 mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa. Kutakura zvinhu muchitima cheChina-Europe kunotora mazuva 30-45 kuti zvifambe. Kutakura zvinhu mudenga kunoshandiswa pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana pazvinhu zvikuru. Kazhinji kutakurwa kwezvinhu mudenga kunochengeterwa zvinhu zvinokosha panguva imwe chete kana kuti zvinokosha. Kutakurwa kwezvinhu mudenga kunotora mazuva 12 kusvika 15. Topway Shipping yagara ichiwana mwero we91 muzana wekutakura zvinhu mugungwa mumazuva 45 kusvika 55 ekutakura zvinhu zveDDP.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinoonekwa sezvinhu zvakakura zvinotakura zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance?
A: Tsananguro yacho inosiyana zvichienderana nemupi wekutakura zvinhu uye wezvekufambisa, asi chiyero chinowanzo shandiswa muindasitiri ndechekuti zvinhu zvinorema kupfuura 150 kg, kureba kwemamita mana, kana kuti zvinoda michina yakakosha yekubata. Topway Shipping inotsanangura chikamu chayo chakakura sezvinhu zvine huremu hweyuniti imwe chete pasi pematani masere uye chiyero chemupendero mumwe chete pasi pemamita masere, izvo zvinofukidza fenicha yakawanda, midziyo yemagetsi, midziyo yekugwinya, uye michina yekutengeserana.
Mubvunzo: Ko muripo wekudzivirira marara unoshanda here pazvinhu zvikuru zvinobva kuChina zvichipinda muFrance?
A: Matanho ekudzivirira kurasirwa kwemafuta anogona kuiswa pamhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa uye anosarudzwa padanho reEU. EU yakatoisa muripo wekudzivirira kurasirwa kwemafuta pamabhasikoro emagetsi anobva kuChina nezvimwe zvinhu zvesimbi. Kune zvinhu zvakakura muzvikamu zvefenicha, midziyo yemagetsi uye zvishandiso zvekurovedza muviri, muripo wetsika weEU unowanzo shandiswa pasina mimwe mitero yekudzivirira kurasirwa kwemafuta, zvisinei izvi zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa zvichienderana neHS code chaiyo yezvinhu zvese zvisati zvatumirwa. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuongororwa nemutengesi wetsika sechikamu chekuverenga mari isati yatumirwa.
