Zvinokanganiswa Nevanotumira Zvinhu Kunze Kwenyika vekuChina Nezvezvinodiwa Netsika dzeItaly
ziviso
Zviuru zvevatengesi vekuChina vanotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanodzidza nenzira yakaoma gore rega rega kuti kutumira zvinhu kuItaly kunoda zvinopfuura kungorenda mudziyo wekutengesa zvinhu uye kudhinda label. Italy inhengo yeEU, zvinoreva kuti mitemo yayo yetsika ndeimwe yemitemo yakaoma pasi rose. Zvakaoma kuti kunyange vatengesi vane ruzivo vatevedzere mitemo yese nekuda kwematanho ekudzivirira kutengeserana eEU, zvisungo zvemitero zvakananga kuItaly, uye sisitimu yekuongorora yeAgenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli, iri kuwedzera kuva yedhijitari uye inotungamirirwa nedata.
Kazhinji, dambudziko harisi utsinye. Matambudziko mazhinji emitero pakati peChina neItaly anobva mukufungidzira. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vanofunga kuti fomati yemagwaro yakashanda muUS ichashanda muItaly, kuti kodhi yeHS yakashandiswa gore rapfuura ichiri yakarurama, uye kuti kukosha kwakaderera kwakaziviswa inzira yekuchengetedza mari pachinzvimbo chekuita hutsotsi. Muna 2026, EU ichabvisa muganho we €150 wemahara emapakeji madiki kutanga musi wa1 Chikunguru. Panguva imwe chete, mitero mitsva yekudzivirira kurasa zvinhu zveceramic zveChina ichasvika 79%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mhedzisiro yekukanganisa mapepa haisati yambove yakakwira.
Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvematambudziko makuru anosangana nevatengesi vekuChina vanotumira zvinhu kuItaly, chinokurukura mitemo inoita kuti zvikanganiso izvi zvikwanisike, uye chinopa mazano anobatsira ekuti ungatumira sei zvinhu zvakachena. Chinoshandisa mitemo yemazuva ano yeEU yetsika, ruzivo rwekutengeserana, uye hunyanzvi hwepasi rose hwekutarisira zvinhu zvinoyambuka miganhu yeChina neEurope.
Mamiriro Ekutonga: Italy Haina Kufanana Nemamwe Misika
Nyika dzeUnited States, Southeast Asia, neGulf ndidzo misika mikuru yekutengeserana kunze kwenyika yeChina, asi hapana kana imwe yadzo ine mitemo yemitero yakaoma seyeEU. Italy inotevera EU's Union Customs Code (UCC), iyo yakatora chinzvimbo cheCommunity Customs Code muna 2016. UCC inoronga mitemo yese yekubata mabhizinesi ese anopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kusanganisira mapepa, maitiro, uye IT. Pamusoro pezvisungo zveUCC, Italy inowedzera zvinodiwa zvayo zvemari, kusanganisira kubhadharisa mari nemagetsi pasi peCodice Destinatario (SDI) system yekutengeserana kweB2B, uye zvivakwa zvekuzivikanwa kwemitero zvisina yakaenzana zvakananga munharaunda yekutonga yeChina kana yeAmerica.
Sangano reADM (ADM) rinotonga tsika dzemuItaly. Rinoshandisa sisitimu yeAIDA computerized kugadzirisa zviziviso uye kutarisa data kubva kumadhatabhesi eEU-wide panguva chaiyo. Chinhu chakakosha kuti vatengesi vekuChina vazive ndechekuti tsika dzemuItaly hadzishande nepfungwa dzakanaka kana kuti nepfungwa dzakanaka. Sisitimu iyi icharatidza otomatiki chero mapepa asipo, asingawirirani, kana asina kururama, kunyangwe nemari shoma. Zvinhu zvichachengetwa kusvika dambudziko ragadziriswa. Hapana nzira isina kurongeka yekuzviita.
Italy yakaoma kuita bhizinesi nayo kupfuura Germany kana Netherlands nekuda kwezvikonzero zvishoma: Kugadziriswa kwemitero yeItaly kunogona kutora nguva yakareba munguva dzakabatikana, network yekutakura zvinhu muItaly yakaoma zvikuru pakuronga zvinhu zvisina basa, uye vanopinza zvinhu muItaly vanowanzova nemitemo yemitero chaiyo pamusoro pekunyora ma invoice ayo vatengesi vekuChina vasina kujaira kutevedzera. Usati wabva kuShenzhen kana kuShanghai, unofanirwa kunzwisisa misiyano iyi.
Chikanganiso #1 — Kukanganisa Kodhi yeHS
Kodhi yeHarmonized System (HS) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakuzivisa chero kupi zvako kwecustoms. Kodhi iyi inokuudza kuti mutero wemutero unoshanda sei, kana matanho ekudzivirira dumping akaitwa, kana chiratidzo cheCE kana chimwe chitupa chichidiwa, uye kana kutumira kuchabviswa kana kudhonzwa kuti kuongororwe. Uye iyi ndiyo ruzivo iyo vatengesi vekuChina vanoiona zvisirizvo kupfuura mamwe ese.
Kusava nemusoro ndiwo rudzi rwakanyanya kutaurwa rwechikanganiso ichi. Semuenzaniso, kushandisa kodhi yakakura ine manhamba mana kana manhamba matanhatu apo tsika dzemuItaly dzinoda kodhi yeEU TARIC ine manhamba masere kuti dzigadzire chinhu nemazvo. Rudzi rwechipiri rwakajairika ndeyekusarongeka, izvo zvinogona kuitwa nemaune kana netsaona. Apa ndipo apo chigadzirwa chinopiwa kodhi ine mutero wakaderera kana zvinodiwa zvishoma pane kodhi yakakodzera. Vakuru vezvemitero muItaly neEU vanochengeta madhatabhesi emitengo yezvinhu uye vanogara vachitarisa kukosha uye kupatsanurwa kunotaurwa nevanhu. Semuenzaniso, kutumira kwemwenje ye LED yakaziviswa pasi pekodhi yezvikamu zvemagetsi zvekutanga kunowanzo nyorwa kuti iongororwe. Kana zvinhu zvagadziriswa pamuganhu, mutengesi anofanira kubhadhara kwete mutero wakakodzera chete asiwo faindi dzinogona kuverengerwa uye, mune dzimwe nguva, kuferefetwa kwekusazivisa kwakarongeka.
Usati wabhuka chero zvinhu zvinotakura, unofanira kutarisa nhamba yeTARIC ine manhamba masere yezvinhu zvese uchishandisa Access2Markets portal yeEuropean Commission kana database yeTARIC zvakananga. Kana paine kuvhiringidzika kukuru pamusoro pekupatsanurwa kwezvinhu, sezvinogona kuitika nezvigadzirwa zvakaoma kana zvine mabasa akawanda, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekubvunza tsika dzemuItaly kuti dzisarudze Binding Tariff Information (BTI) pachine nguva. Mutongo weBTI unopa kupatsanurwa kwemutemo uko tsika dzisingagone kubvunza gare gare, saka hapana mubvunzo wehupenyu hwemutongo wacho.
Chikanganiso #2 — Kusakosha kweInvoice
Kuti vaderedze mutero wemutero neVAT, vanhu vasingakoshese invoice vanoti mutengo wemutero wakaderera pane mutengo chaiwo wekutengeserana. Izvi zvinopesana nemutemo, asi zvinoitika kakawanda mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekutengeserana kwemagetsi kubva kuChina kuenda kuEU. Muna 2026, zvichave zvakaoma kuzviita.
Tsika dzemuItaly dzinoona kuti dzinofanira kubhadharisa marii zvichienderana neCIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) yezvigadzirwa. Uyu ndiwo mutengo wezvinhu pamwe chete nemutengo wekutumira neinishuwarenzi kuenda kunzvimbo yekupinda muItaly. Unofanira kuzivisa zvikamu izvi nemazvo. EU inofunga kuti kusvika 65% yemapakeji anobva kunze kweEU akaderedzwa nemaune. Mukupindura, European Commission yakakurumidzisa matanho ekumanikidza nemari yakawanda. Muganho we €150 wekusabhadharisa mutero hauchazovepo kubva muna Chikunguru 1, 2026. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti mapuratifomu ekutengeserana e-commerce ekuChina anga achideredza kukosha kwezvinhu. Kutanga pazuva iroro, mapakeji ese anouya muItaly, zvisinei nekuti anokosha zvakadii, achafanirwa kupfuura nemutero uye kubhadhara muripo wemutengo wakajairwa weinenge €3 papakeji.
Kana zvasvika kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zveB2B, tsika dzekuItaly dzakaoma zvikuru. ADM ine madhatabhesi emitengo yekutarisa yemhando dzezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvekuChina. Kana invoice yakaderera zvakanyanya pane kukosha kwemusika kunofungidzirwa kwemhando iyoyo yezvinhu, inozoonekwa otomatiki. Kana izvi zvikaitika, tsika dzinogona kuona kukosha kwetsika dzemutero dzoga, izvo zvinowanzoita padanho repamusoro rekutarisa. Mutengesi anobva abhadhara bhiri remutero zvichibva pamutengo mutsva, pamwe nechero faindi. Kana kuderedzwa kwemutengo kwakaitwa, mutengesi anogona kupomerwa mhosva yekubiridzira mutero uye kupomerwa mhosva.
Chinhu chakanaka chete chekuita ndechekutaura kukosha chaiko kwekutengeserana sezvakaratidzwa pa invoice yekutengeserana. Kana mutengo wacho wakaderera nekuti mutengesi ndiye mugadziri kana nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwemutengo, mamiriro ezvinhu ebhizinesi akadaro anofanira kunyorwa zvakanaka uye kuwanikwa kana akumbirwa. Kusakoshesa kukosha kwemari haisi nzira yekuchengetedza mari; chikwereti chinofanira kubhadharwa, kazhinji panguva yakaipa zvikuru.
Chikanganiso #3 — Dambudziko reEORI Number
Nhamba yeEconomic Operator Registration and Identification (EORI) ndiyo nzira inodiwa neEU yekuziva chero bhizinesi rinoita bhizimisi mhiri kwemiganhu, kungave riri kupinza, kutumira kunze, kana kushanda semutakuri. Kana chiziviso checustoms chisina nhamba yeEORI inoshanda, zvinhu zvichamiswa pamuganhu. Hapana musiyano kune vanopinza kekutanga, hapana nguva yenyasha, uye hapana nzira yekupukunyuka zvisina kurongeka. Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli ndiyo inotarisira kunyoresa kweEORI muItaly. Nhamba yacho inotanga ne "IT" uye inoteverwa nenhamba yeVAT yeItaly yemutengesi (Partita IVA).
Vatengesi vekuChina vanowanzoita chikanganiso chekufunga kuti kutevedzera mitemo yeEORI ibasa remutengi muItaly. Izvi ndezvechokwadi panyaya yekutumira zvinhu neDAP (Delivered At Place) kana EXW: munhu anotengesa zvinhu nerekodhi ndiye anotarisira kunyoreswa kwavo kweEORI. Asi vazhinji vevatengesi vekuItaly vadiki nevepakati havana kutarisa mamiriro avo eEORI nemazvo, kunyanya kana vaimbovimba ne €150 yemutero wekutakura zvinhu zvidiki. Kubva muna Zvita 2024, kunyangwe vanhu vega vanounza zvinhu zvavo muEU kuburikidza neItaly vachada EORI inoshanda kana kodhi yemari kuti vapfuure nemutero pasina matambudziko. Kana mutengi wekuItaly asina kujaira kubata nemutero, munhu anotengesa kunze asingatarise kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti EORI inoshanda iripo usati watumira dzimwe nguva anoguma nekutakura zvinhu pachiteshi cheGenoa uye achibhadhara mari yekuchengetedza zuva nezuva.
Mhinduro iri nyore ndeyekutarisa nhamba yeEORI yemutengesi nekukasika paEORI Validation Portal yeEuropean Commission usati wagadzirira chero chinhu chinotumirwa. Chinhu chinotumirwa hachifanirwe kutumirwa kusvika mutengesi wekuItaly awana EORI inoshanda. Makambani ari kunze kweEU asina kunyoreswa kwebhizinesi rekuItaly anogona kuhaya Mumiriri weCustoms Asina Kunanga, inova bhizinesi rakanyoreswa muItaly uye rine mutoro wezvemitero yemitero panzvimbo yavo. Munhu uyu anogona kuvabatsira kuwana EORI uye kupedzisa kuzivisa kwemitero yemitero. Chibvumirano ichi chakakosha zvikuru kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika vekuChina vanotumira DDP (Delivered Duty Paid), zvinoreva kuti ndivo vane basa rekubvisa mitengo yemitero muItaly.
Chikanganiso #4 — Kusavapo kweCE Marking uye Kutevedzera Mutemo weChigadzirwa
Chiratidzo cheCE hachirevi kuti chero chinhu chine mhando yepamusoro. Chisungo chepamutemo chekuti chigadzirwa chienderane nezvinodiwa neEU zvehutano, kuchengetedzeka, uye zvakatipoteredza. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvisinganzwisiswi zvakanyanya mumitemo yeEU kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika vekuChina. Kungoti chigadzirwa chine chitambi cheCE hazvirevi kuti chakanaka. Zvinongoreva kuti mugadziri wacho akachiongorora achipesana nemitemo yeEU uye akati chinozadzisa. Chiratidzo cheCE chisati chaiswa pamhando dzakawanda dzezvigadzirwa zvinodzorwa, sangano rechitatu rine certification rinozivikanwa seNotified Body rinofanira kutarisa kuti rinotevedzera mitemo iyi.
Zvigadzirwa zvinoda chitupa cheCE zvinonyanya kukosha pakutengeswa kwemagetsi nemagetsi kuItaly kuChina ndezvi: zvemagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi (Low Voltage Directive), michina, matoyi, michina yekudzivirira, michina yekurapa, uye michina yeredhiyo. Mutemo weGeneral Product Safety Regulation weEU (GPSR 2023/988/EU) wakapa simba rekutarisa musika kubva muna Zvita 2024. Iye zvino vanogona kuchengetedza zvinhu zvinotumirwa pamuganhu kusvika zvasunungurwa necustoms. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana magwaro ekutevedzera CE asipo, zvinhu zvinotumirwa zvinogona kubhadharwa padanho rekuongorora mutoro uye zvichiri kutarisirwa nemusika. Chigadzirwa chega chega chinodzorwa kana kurongedza kwacho zvinofanirwawo kutaura nezveMunhu Ane Mutoro weEU, sangano repamutemo riri muEU rinotora mutoro wekutevedzera chigadzirwa ichi panzvimbo yemugadziri asiri weEU.
Vatengesi vekuChina vanogadzira zvinhu zvemisika yeItaly kana EU uye vasina masisitimu ekutevedzera CE vari kuzvipinza munjodzi yekupfuura kungotumirwa kunonoka. Vari panjodzi yekurambwa kwezvinhu zvavo nekudzoserwa nemari yavo, kuparadzwa kwezvinhu, uye kukanganisa hukama hwavo hwebhizinesi nevatengi vavo vekuItaly, avo vachazofanira kutarisana nezvirango pamuganhu weItaly.
Chikanganiso #5 — Kuvhiringidza EUR.1 neChitupa Chakakodzera Chekwakabva
Hapana chibvumirano chekutengeserana pachena pakati peChina neEU. Vatengesi vazhinji vekuChina havazivi kana kuti havana hanya nechinhu ichi pavanenge vachigadzirira mapepa avo ekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika.
Chitupa chekufamba cheEUR.1 imhando yakakosha yechitupa chepakutanga chinokubvumira kubhadhara mitero yakaderera pasi pezvibvumirano zveEU zvekutengeserana kwemahara. Chinoshanda kune zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kunyika dzine chibvumirano chekutengeserana kwemahara (FTA) neEU. Izvi zvinosanganisira dzimwe nyika dzeMediterranean nenyika dziri kusimukira dzinobatsirwa neEU's Generalized Scheme of Preferences. Rondedzero iyoyo haisanganisire China. Kuendesa chitupa cheEUR.1 chekutakura zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuItaly hakusi kungori kusakarurama chete, asi kunotaurawo nhema kuti zvigadzirwa zvakabva kupi, izvo zviri hutsotsi hwemitero hunogona kutungamira pakuongororwazve kwemitero uye faindi.
Pane kudaro, vanotumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika vekuChina vanofanira kuwana Chitupa Chekubva kuChina Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) kana kambani yekutengeserana ine mvumo. Gwaro iri harikupi mutero wakakosha, nekuti hapana mutero wezvinhu zvekuChina pasi pemitengo yeEU TARIC. Zvisinei, rinoona nyika yakabva, iyo inodiwa pakuverenga mutero wakakodzera, kuona mutero wekudzivirira kuraswa kwedoro, uye kuchengetedza data rekutengeserana. Kana zvinhu zviri muchikamu chechigadzirwa chiri pasi pematanho eADD kana kutariswa kwekwakabva, tsika dzeItaly dzichakumbira. Kuva nazvo zvakagadzirira uye zviripo ngarava isati yasvika kunomisa kunonoka kwekubviswa kwezvinhu.
Chikanganiso #6 — Kuregeredza Mabasa Ekudzivirira Kurasa Zvinhu
Mitero yekudzivirira kuraswa kwemafuta (ADD) ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinotyisa zvikuru kune vanotumira kunze kwenyika vekuChina vasina kupedza tsvakiridzo yavo. Kana tsvakiridzo ikaona kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinobva kuChina zviri kutengeswa pamitengo iri pasi pemutengo wakakodzera pamusika uye nenzira dzinokanganisa zvikamu zvemuno zveEU, EU inobhadharisa mitero yekuwedzera pazvinhu izvozvo zvinopinzwa. Mari idzi dzinowedzerwa pamusoro pemitengo yenguva dzose yeTARIC uye dzinogona kunge dzakakwira zvakanyanya.
Muna Kukadzi 2026, EU yakaisa mutero wekupedzisira we79% pamidziyo yekudya yeceramic yekuChina nemidziyo yekicheni. Izvi zvakawedzera kubva pamitengo yekare yemunhu mumwe nemumwe, iyo yaisiyana kubva pa13% kusvika pa36%. Mumwe munhu aitengesa makapu eceramic kuItaly akafunga kuti vaizofanira kubhadhara mutero wakafanana newevamwe vese. Iye zvino vanofanirwa kubhadhara kanenge katatu. Zvinhu zvesimbi, ma solar panels, ma e-bikes, uye runyorwa rwezvimwe zvinhu zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera zviri pasi pemitemo yakafanana yeADD. Muna 2025 na2026, EU yakawedzerawo kuferefeta kwayo. Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2025, vakawana humbowo hwakaita kuti pave nemitero yechinguvana pachibage chakachengetedzwa kubva kuChina. Mitero iyi yakasimbiswa pakati pa2026.
Asati apa mutengi wekuItaly kana weEU mutengo wekupedzisira wekuburitsa kunze kwenyika, mutengesi anofanira kutarisa database yeTARIC kwete chete mutero wenguva dzose asiwo chero ADD, countervailing duties, kana matanho ekuchengetedza anoshanda kune zvinhu zvinobva kuChina. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, matanho aya akanangana nezvimwe zvigadzirwa nevagadziri. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vagadziri vakamboshanda neongororo dzeEU vanogona kunge vaine mutero wemitengo wakaderera pane mutero wenyika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti cheki inofanira kuitwa zvakakwana, kwete nekukurumidza chete.
| Product Category | ADD Rate (China) | Zuva Rinobudirira | Notes |
| Zvishongo zvepadhebhu nemidziyo yekicheni zveCeramic | 79% (munyika yese) | 7 Feb 2026 | Yakakwira kubva pa13–36% kare; inoshanda kwemakore mashanu |
| Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi (zvakasiyana-siyana) | Inosiyana nechigadzirwa | Ichiripo | Matanho akawanda ekuchengetedza EU uye ekuwedzera ari kushanda |
| Mapaneru ezuva / zvigadzirwa zve photovoltaic | dzinosiyana | Ichiripo | Zvichienderana neongororo dziri kuenderera mberi dzekudzivirira kutengeserana |
| Chibage chinotapira chakachengetedzwa | Mabasa chaiwo (10–50%) | Pakati-2026 | Yakasimbiswa mushure mekuferefeta kweEU; mitoro yechinguvana yakatongerwa Nyamavhuvhu 2025 |
| Mabhasikoro emagetsi (mamwe mapoka) | Zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemugadziri | Ichiripo | Tarisa madhatabhesi eEU TARIC neOLAF kuti uone mitengo chaiyo yemugadziri |
Manyuko: EU Official Journal, Amfori Trade & Customs Updates, Customs Support Group, EU TARIC database, Kubvumbi 2026.
Chikanganiso #7 — Kuderedza kukosha kweVAT neFiscal Complexity yeItaly
Kana zvinhu zvikapinda muItaly zvichibva kunze kweEU, VAT inobhadhariswa pamuganhu, zvisinei nekuti mitemo yekutengesa ndeyei. Mutengo weCIF wezvinhu pamwe nemari yekupinza zvinhu ndiyo inotarwa neVAT. Izvi zvinoreva kuti VAT inowedzerwa pamutero, kwete chete kukosha kwezvinhu. Izvi zvinopa mutero mukuru wemari kune vazhinji vekuChina vanotumira kunze kwenyika vanotumira DDP, uye havazvizivi kana kuti havaronge nemazvo pamutengo wenguva dzose we22 muzana. Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza mitengo yakasiyana yeVAT muItaly yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa.
| VAT Rate | mutengo | Common Product Categories |
| Standard rate | 22% | Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, mbatya, fenicha, michina, zvinhu zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa |
| Yakaderedzwa rate | 10% | Zvimwe zvekudya, zvekushandisa, mamwe mabasa ekuvaka |
| Mwero wakaderera zvikuru | 5% | Zvimwe zvinhu zvehutano nezvinhu zvinokosha |
| Mutengo wakaderera | 4% | Chikafu chepakutanga, mabhuku, mishonga, mabhuku echikoro |
Kwakabva: Italian Revenue Agency (Agenzia delle Entrate), EU VAT mitemo yeItari, Kubvumbi 2026.
Pamusoro pekuziva VAT, kutumira kunze kwenyika kweB2B kuvatengi vekuItaly kwakaoma zvikuru kana zvasvika pamitero. Pakutengeserana kwese kweB2B mukati meItaly, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kushandisa sisitimu yemagetsi yeSistema di Interscambio (SDI). Pakutenga zvinhu kubva kune dzimwe nyika, vatengi vekuItaly vanogona kukumbira kuti invoice yekutengeserana yemutengesi isanganise Codice Destinatario yavo, inova iyo SDI routing code yesystem yavo yemagetsi yeinvoice. Izvi hazvisi zvinodiwa zvetsika dzeEU, asi kana usingazvitevedzere, zvinogona kuita kuti zviomere mutengi wekuItaly kudzoserwa VAT yake uye kukonzera matambudziko muhukama hwebhizinesi.
Makambani anobva kunze kweEU anotakura DDP kuenda kuItaly uye asina kunyoreswa kwebhizinesi rekuItaly anofanira kuhaya mumiriri wezvemari, inova sangano rakanyoreswa munharaunda iro rinotarisira zvinodiwa neVAT yekuItaly. Izvi zvinodiwa kuti upedze kudzoserwa kweVAT yekupinza uye uwane VAT inopinzwa kana vachikodzera. Ichi chinodiwa pamutemo, kwete sarudzo yehutungamiriri. Kana usinayo panzvimbo usati watumira DDP yekutanga, unogona kupomerwa mhosva, izvo zvinogona kuoma uye zvinodhura kubuda mairi.
Chikanganiso #8 — Kusavapo kweChiziviso cheChinyorwa cheICS2
Kubva muna Kubvumbi 2025, chirongwa cheEU cheImport Control System 2 (ICS2) Release 2 chave chichishanda kune marudzi ese ekutakura zvinhu zvinopinda muEU, kunyangwe zvinhu zvemugungwa. Zvinhu zvisati zvaiswa mundege kana mungarava yekufambisa. mitoro yegungwa, ICS2 inoda kuti Chiziviso Chekupfupisa Kupinda (ENS) chiitwe nemagetsi. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa ngarava isati yasvika pachiteshi chekutanga cheEU chekusvika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ENS inofanira kuiswa uye kubvumidzwa ngarava isati yamira kuti itumirwe zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuGenoa kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeItaly.
Kana kusimbiswa kweICS2 kukakundikana, mutakuri, mutengesi wemitero, kana mupi wezvinhu kunze kwenyika havagone kuchinja murairo wekuti usatakure kana kuti usaburutse. Hapana nguva yekugadzirisa data risina kukwana kana kuita chimwe chinhu. Zvirinani, ENS inofanirwa kuziva tsananguro chaiyo yezvinhu, kodhi yeHS padanho remadijiti matanhatu, nyika yakabva, EORI yemutumi, uye ruzivo rwemutumi. Tsananguro dzisina kujeka kana dzakajairika, dzakadai se "zvinhu zvakajairika" kana "zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana," hadzichatenderwi uye dzichaita kuti kuzivisa kukundikane kusimbiswa.
Vatengesi vekuChina vanofanirwa kupa mutariri wekutakura zvinhu kana mumiririri wezvemitero uyo achabata ruzivo rwakarurama uye rwakazara rwekutakura zvinhu muItaly nguva refu zvinhu zvisati zvaiswa muChina. Haugone kutumira runyorwa rwekurongedza zvinhu mushure mekunge ngarava yaenda. Chero mubatsiri wezvekutakura zvinhu asiri kuita shuwa kuti zvinhu zviri muEU zvinotevedzera mitemo yeICS2 ari kuisa vatengi vake panjodzi yekunonoka kwenguva refu.
Kukurukurirana Nekukurumidza: Zvikanganiso Zvinowanzoitika Pakungotarisa
| Common Mistake | Chii Chinoitika Zvechokwadi | Nzira Yokugadzirisa nayo |
| Kodhi yeHS isiriyo kana kuti isina kujeka | Mureza wemutero weotomatiki; kuongororwazve kwemutero; kuongororwa kunogona kuitika | Shandisa database yeEU TARIC kuti usimbise kodhi ine manhamba masere usati watumira zvese |
| Kusakosha kwemari yeinivhoyisi | Kutumirwa kwakaitwa; kuongororwa kwakazara kweCIF; faindi nekuferefetwa kwehutsotsi | Zivisa kukosha kwekutengeserana chaiko kusanganisira zvinhu zvinotakura neinishuwarenzi |
| Nhamba yeEORI isipo kana kuti isiriyo | Zvinhu zvakavharwa pamuganhu; mari yekuchengetedza zuva nezuva inoungana | Nyorera neAgenzia delle Dogane usati watumira kekutanga; simbisa paEU portal |
| Hapana magwaro ekumaka eCE / asina kunyorwa maererano nezvinodiwa | Kuvharirwa kwekutarisa musika; zvinhu zvakarambwa kana kudzoserwa | Wana Chiziviso cheEU cheKubvumirana uye chiratidzo cheCE usati watumira kunze kwenyika |
| Chitupa cheEUR.1 chakaendeswa (hachishandiswe kuChina) | Chikumbiro chemutero wekusarudza charambwa; chiyero cheTARIC chakajairwa chashandiswa | Shandisa Chitupa Chekutanga Chisingakoshese (CCPIT kana kuti chamber yakapihwa) |
| Hapana pfupiso yekupinda usati wasvika (ICS2 kusatevedzera mitemo) | Murairo wekuti usaise zvinhu wapihwa usati waenda; kutumira kwakamira | Chiziviso cheKupinda Kwefaira (ENS) ngarava isati yasvika sezvinodiwa neICS2 |
| Kuregeredza mabasa ekudzivirira kurasa zvinhu | Mabhiri makuru emitero asingatarisirwi; zvirango; matanho emutemo anotorwa nevanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika | Tarisa EU TARIC kuti uone mitengo yeADD pachigadzirwa chako usati wataura nezvevatengi |
Tafura iyi inopa ruzivo rwekukurumidza chete. Gara uchisimbisa zvinodiwa pari zvino nekambani yeItaly ine rezinesi rekutengesa zvinhu kana kambani inotakura zvinhu usati watumira.
Kutumirwa kweTopway Kunobatsira Sei Vanotengesa Zvinhu Kunze Kwenyika vekuChina Kuti Vawane Zvakakodzera?
Topway Shipping, iri muShenzhen, yave iri kambani inokwanisa kupa mhinduro dzezvinhu zvekutengeserana nekutengeserana kubva kumiganhu yenyika kubvira muna 2010. Vanoziva zvese zviri kuitika muChina neEurope. Chikwata chekutanga chine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu mumabasa ekutakura zvinhu pasi rose uye kubvisa zvinhu kubva kumitero. Topway yakagadzira masisitimu ekubata nhanho dzese dzekuita, kubva pakutora zvinhu kubva kumafekitori ekuChina kusvika kuzvichengeta kunze kwenyika, kubvisa zvinhu kubva kumitero, uye kuzviendesa kwazvinoda.
Topway inobata mabasa ekutakura zvinhu mungarava (FCL) uye less-than-container-load (LCL) kubva kumachiteshi makuru eChina kuenda kuGenoa, La Spezia, nedzimwe nzira dzekuItaly dziri padivi pemugwagwa weChina-Italy. Asi kutumira zvinhu kunongova chimwe chezvinhu zviri mumufananidzo uyu. Chinonyanya kusiyanisa Topway neruzivo rwezvemitero rwainopa kune imwe neimwe inotumirwa zvinhu. Chikwata ichi chinoongorora maHS codes zvichienderana nedatabase reEU TARIC, mamiriro ekunyoresa kweEORI kudivi reItaly, zvinodiwa zvekutevedzera CE zvechikamu chechigadzirwa, uye kuzivisa kwekupedzisira kwekupinda kuitira kuti tsika dzekuItaly dzitange kugadzirisa zvinhu ngarava isati yasvika. Maitiro aya ekuongorora zvinhu isati yaenda haasi kungoitwa chete. Ndizvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvibviswe mumaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere zvakasiyana nezvinhu zvinogara kuGenoa kwemavhiki maviri uye zvinobhadhara mari yekuchengetedza.
Topway inogona kuongorora mitemo yekutevedzera mitemo yekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika kweChina vasati vasvika kumusika weItaly kana kuti vakambosangana nematambudziko nemitengo yemitero pakutumira zvinhu kare. Ongororo iyi inotarisa mapepa ako, kurongwa kwezvigadzirwa, uye kugadzirira kwemutengi wekuItaly kutenga zvinhu zvemitero usati wazvipira kutenga zvinhu zvemitero. Muna 2026, apo mitemo iri kuramba ichioma, hazvisi nyore kuva nemubatsiri wekutakura zvinhu anoziva zvese zviri zviviri zvekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika kweChina uye mativi ekupinza zvinhu kunze kweItaly. Zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvako zvifambe uye vatengi vako vafare.
mhedziso
Tsika dzemuItaly hadzisi musika wakaoma kupfuura mimwe yose pasi rose, asi dzinoranga vanhu vasingagadziri nekukurumidza uye zvine hutsinye. Zvikanganiso zvakanyorwa muchinyorwa chino—makodhi eHS asina kunaka, ma invoice asina kukosha, manhamba eEORI asina kukosha, magwaro eCE asina kukosha, zvitupa zvepakutanga zvisina kururama, mari dzekudzivirira kurasirwa kwemafuta, VAT isina kuderedzwa, uye mipata yekutevedzera mitemo yeICS2—hazviwanzoitika. Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvinoitwa nevatengesi vekuChina zuva nezuva pavanoenda kuItaly vachishandisa mapepa akafanana avanoshandisa kune dzimwe misika.
Mitemo yakaitwa muna 2026 inoita kuti zviomere kutevedzera mitemo, kwete nyore. Muganho we €150 usingabhadhariswe uchapera musi wa1 Chikunguru, uye ikozvino kune 79 muzana yemitero yekurambidza kurasa zvinhu zvedongo zvekuChina. ICS2 ichashandiswa zvizere mumhando dzese dzekufambisa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hunhu hwemagwaro ikozvino hwave chinhu chinodiwa nebhizinesi, kwete kungotevedzera mafambiro emota chete. Chero chinhu chinotumirwa muGenoa kana Naples chinorasikirwa nemari mumari yekuchengetedza, chinokanganisa hukama nevatengi vekuItaly, uye mune dzimwe nguva inotanga kuferefeta kunoita kuti zviomere kupinda mumusika.
Muna 2026, vatengesi vari kunze kwenyika vari kuita zvakanaka munzira yeChina-Italy vese vane chinhu chimwe chete chakafanana: vanova nechokwadi chekuti mapepa akarurama zvinhu zvisati zvatumirwa, uye vanoshandira pamwe nevanoshanda navo mukutakura zvinhu vanoziva mitemo uye vanogona kubatsira nemaitiro iwayo kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupera. Mari iyoyo inobhadhara kakawanda nekudzivirira kunonoka, zvirango, uye kubatana kwebhizinesi kunoramba kuri nani.
FAQs
Mubvunzo: Vatengesi vekuChina vanoda nhamba yavo yeEORI here kuti vatumire kuItaly?
A: Kana muchitumira DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) uye muri ivo vanopinza zvinyorwa muItaly, muchada EORI yakanyoreswa neItaly customs. Sezvo musina bhizinesi muEU, munowanzozviwana kuburikidza neIndirect Customs Representative kana fiscal representative. Kana muchitumira DAP kana CIF, mutengi wekuItaly ndiye anopinza zvinyorwa uye ane basa rekunyoresa EORI yavo. Zvisinei, munofanira kutarisa kuti inoshanda here musati matumira zvinhu.
Mubvunzo: Chitupa cheEUR.1 chinoshanda here pazvinhu zvekuChina zvinopinda muItaly?
A: Kwete. Kune nyika dzine zvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvakasununguka neEU, EUR.1 chitupa chekwakabva zvinofarirwa. Hapana chibvumirano chekutengeserana chakasununguka pakati peChina neEU. Pane kudaro, shandisai Chitupa cheKwakabva chisingafarirwi kubva kuCCPIT kana Chinese chamber of commerce yakatenderwa.
Mubvunzo: Ndingaziva sei kana chigadzirwa changu chiri pasi pemitero yekurambidza kuraswa kwedoti muItaly?
A: Shandisa kodhi yako yeHS ine manhamba masere uye China senyika yawakabva kuti utsvage mudhatabhesi reEU TARIC pa ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/dds2/taric. Dhatabhesi iyi icharatidza matanho ese ekudzivirira kutengeserana aripo parizvino, kusanganisira ADD nezvimwe zviyero, pamwe nemitengo chaiyo yemugadziri kana iripo.
Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kana zvinhu zvangu zvikaiswa mucherechedzo nemutemo weItaly kuti zviongororwe?
A: Kutumirwa kwezvinhu kunochengetwa pachiteshi chekupinda kusvika zvaongororwa. Kana zviri nyore, kuongororwa kwemuviri kunogona kutora zuva rimwe kusvika mashanu ebhizinesi. Kana mapepa asina kukwana kana kuti zvichidikanwa kuti nyanzvi iongorore, zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba. Zuva rega rega, mitengo yekuchengetedza zvinhu kuGenoa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu dzeItaly inokwira. Kuva nemutengesi wemitero wekuItaly ane hunyanzvi kana mufambisi wezvinhu ari pachiteshi chekupinda kunoita kuti matambudziko agadziriswe nekukurumidza.
Mubvunzo: Topway Shipping inobatsira sei pakutevedzera mitemo yetsika yeItaly?
A: Usati waisa zvinhu muChina, Topway inotarisa makodhi eHS, mamiriro ekunyoreswa kweEORI, zvinodiwa pakumaka CE, uye magwaro ekutanga. Chikwata ichi chinoisa zvirevo zvepfupiso yekupinda pachine nguva uye chinoshanda zvakananga nevakuru vezvemitero vekuItaly kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvasvika panguva yakatarwa. Unogona kuwana masevhisi eFCL neLCL kunzvimbo huru dzeItaly, uye kubvumidzwa kwemitero kunobatwa kubva pakutanga kusvika pakupera.
