Chii chinonzi Terminal Handling Charge (THC)? Mari yacho ingani?
ziviso
Hausi iwe wega wakambotarisa mutengo wekutakura zvinhu kana invoice yekupedzisira wozvibvunza kuti "Terminal Handling Charge (THC)" inorevei. THC ishoko rinowanzo shandiswa muzvinhu zvinotakura zvinhu rinoonekwa mumidziyo yese yemugungwa, asi hariwanzo tsanangurwa muchiRungu chakajeka. Kusanzwisisa THC kunogona kukonzera matambudziko kune vanotumira zvinhu, kunyanya makambani madiki nevatengesi ve e-commerce, kana zvasvika pamutengo wekupedzisira wezvigadzirwa.
Mari yekutarisira chiteshi haisi "mari yakavanzika"; ingori mari inodiwa yekutakura makontena nezvinhu kuburikidza nemachiteshi akazara nevanhu. Zvinodhura mari kumhanya nemacrane, marori, maforklift, vashandi vechiteshi, mapepa, uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza. THC ndiyo nzira yakajairika iyo materminals nevatakuri vanodzosera mari iyi, kazhinji nekontena kana cubic meter/tani.
Zvinogona kusiyana zvikuru kubva pachiteshi kuenda kune chimwe uye kutakura nekutakura nekuti nzvimbo dzemuno dzinobata THC uye inowanzobhadhariswa kuburikidza nekutakura kana kutumira zvinhu. Musiyano uyu unogona kuoma kutsanangura, kunyanya kana uchiedza kunzwisisa kuti sei kutumira zvinhu kuburikidza nePort A kuchidhura zvakanyanya pane kutumira zvinhu zvakafanana kuburikidza nePort B.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichatsanangura kuti Terminal Handling Charge chii, inofukidza chii, mitengo yakajairika ndeyei, kuti THC inoverengerwa sei pakutumira zvinhu zveFCL neLCL, uye kuti Incoterms inokanganisa sei munhu anofanira kuibhadhara. Tichakurukurawo zvimwe zviitiko zvechokwadi topedzisa nemazano ekuti ungabata sei THC zvakanaka. Chekupedzisira, uchadzidza kuti nyanzvi yekutakura zvinhu yakaita seTopway Shipping ingakubatsira sei kuchengetedza THC nemari yako yese yekutakura zvinhu.
Kunzwisisa Kubhadharisa Kwekushandisa Terminal Handling (THC)
Mari yekubhadhara zvinhu pachiteshi chengarava (Terminal Handling Charge) inobhadharwa pakutakura zvinhu nemidziyo panzvimbo yechiteshi. Imari yekubhadhara zvinhu pakutakura zvinhu kana midziyo panzvimbo yechiteshi, kubva panguva yainopinda mugedhi rechiteshi kusvika yaiswa muchikepe, kana kubva muchikepe kuenda kugedhi painosvika.
Pakutumira magaba akazara (FCL), THC inowanzo kubhadhariswa pagaba rega rega. Pakutakura zvinhu zvishoma pane zvinotakura (LCL), mutengo unowanzoenderana nehuremu kana huwandu hwezvinhu zvaunotakura, zvakaita sepa cubic meter kana pa tani yemari inowanikwa. Pfungwa yacho yakafanana, asi mari inoonekwa pabhiri rako inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekuti mufambisi wezvinhu anoronga sei mitengo yazvo.
Unofanira kuziva kuti THC haiwanzo verengerwa mukutakura zvinhu mugungwa. Kunyangwe kana kambani yekutakura zvinhu ichipa mutengo wakaderera wekutakura zvinhu mugungwa, mutengo wekupedzisira ucharamba uchisanganisira THC nedzimwe mari dzemuguta pakubva nekwaunoenda. Paunowana makotesheni, kazhinji zvakanaka kubvunza kana THC ichibatanidzwa kana kwete, uye kana zvakadaro, kudivi ripi (kwakabva, kwaunoenda, kana zvese).
Chimwe chinhu chinowanzo vhiringika nevanhu ndechekuti ndiani anoisa THC. Kazhinji, vanoshanda pachiteshi chimwe chete vanoisa mari yemitero inotsanangura mitengo yepamutemo yekubata. Vatakuri nevanotumira zvinhu vanobva vatumira izvi, dzimwe nguva vachizviisa mumitengo ye "zvose-mu" yemuno uye dzimwe nguva vachizvinyora se "THC Origin" uye "THC Destination." THC pane chimwe chiteshi inogona kuchinja gore negore nekuti chiteshi chinogona kuchinja mitengo nekufamba kwenguva. Kunyangwe chiteshi chiri mukati mechiteshi chimwe chete chinogona kunge chine mitengo yakasiyana zvishoma.
Chii Chinofukidza THC Chaizvoizvo?
Mari yekutakura zvinhu muchiteshi (Terminal Handling Charge) inobhadhara mabasa akawanda emuviri neokutarisira anofanirwa kuitwa pakutakura zvinhu kuburikidza nechiteshi chengarava. Kuongororwa kwacho kunogona kusiyana pachiteshi chega chega, asi pfungwa huru ndeyekuti THC ndiyo mari inoshandiswa pakushandisa zvivakwa zvechiteshi, michina, nevashandi.
Muhupenyu chaihwo, THC inowanzoreva zvinhu zvakaita sekubata gedhi remukati, kutamisa magaba akatenderedza chiteshi, kuaisa muchivanze, uye kuatakura kana kuaburitsa muchikepe. Zvinogonawo kusanganisira mashandisirwo emasystem eIT echiteshi, kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza, uye maitiro ekubata nechiteshi nechiteshi.
Imwe nzira iri nyore yekufungidzira kuti THC inofukidza chii ndeyekutarisa nzira yekutakura zvinhu ichipinda nepachiteshi.
Mabasa Akajairika Anobatanidzwa muTHC
| Process Stage | Muenzaniso Mabasa | Yakafukidzwa neTHC here? |
|---|---|---|
| Gedhi-rekupinda / Gedhi-rekubuda | Kutarisa rori pagedhi, kuongorora mudziyo, kuratidza nzvimbo yeyadhi | Ehe |
| Kubata yadhi | Kutakura tangi rine marori emuyadhi, kurongedza/kuburitsa zvinhu muyadhi | Ehe |
| Kutakura/kuburitsa ngarava | Kushanda kwekireni kubva kumahombekombe kuenda kugungwa, kuisa makontena muchikepe | Ehe |
| Kutarisirwa kwechiteshi | Magwaro ekutanga, kupinda kwedata, kushandira pamwe nehurongwa hwekutakura | Kazhinji |
| Kuchengetedzwa nekutarisa | CCTV, access control, masisitimu epasi remagetsi | Kazhinji |
| Kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yekuongorora kwemitero | Kutamisa mudziyo kuenda/kubva kunzvimbo yekuongorora | dzimwe nguva |
| Kuchengetedza kupfuura nguva yekusununguka | Kuchengetera zvinhu muyadhi kwakawedzerwa, kushoma | Kwete (zvakaparadzana) |
Haasi materminal ese anonyora zviito izvi zvakasiyana. Kazhinji, terminal necarrier vanobvumirana pahuwandu hweTHC hwakaunganidzwa pamudziyo wega wega, iyo inozotumirwa kune anotumira. Chinhu chikuru chekurangarira ndechekuti THC yakabatana nekushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvekubata zveterminal, kwete kufambisa zvinhu kure kure.
Dzimwe nguva, vanotumira zvinhu vanosanganisa THC nekudzikisa kana kuchengetedza. Kana mudziyo ukagara mukati mechiteshi kwenguva yakareba kupfuura nguva yekuchengetera yemahara, unobhadharwa kuregererwa. Kana mudziyo ukagara kunze kwechiteshi kwenguva yakareba kupfuura yakatenderwa, unobhadhariswa kuchengetedzwa. Zvese zvirango zvine chekuita nenguva. THC, kune rumwe rutivi, mutengo wekubata waunofanira kubhadhara kunyangwe uchishandisa nguva yako yese yemahara kana kwete. Inowanzobhadhariswa kamwe chete kwese kwese kwekufamba.
THC Inoverengwa Sei?
THC inowanzo verengerwa zvichienderana nekontena imwe neimwe yekutumira kweFCL uye zvichienderana nehuremu/huwandu hwekutumira kweLCL. Mutengo chaiwo unotsanangurwa nechiteshi uye kazhinji zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sehukuru hwekontena, rudzi rwekontena, nzvimbo, uye gwara (kutumira kunze kwenyika vs. kupinza).
Padanho riri nyore, FCL THC inogona kunge iri huwandu hwakatarwa pamudziyo wemamita makumi maviri uye huwandu hwakatarwa hwakatarwa pamudziyo wemamita makumi mana. Chiteshi chinogona kunge chine mitengo yakasiyana yemidziyo yakaoma yakajairika, midziyo yemufiriji (reefers), uye michina yakakosha yakaita semidziyo yakavhurika kana kuti yakatsetseka. Kubata kwacho kwakaoma kana kuchida zviwanikwa zvakawanda, ndiko kuwedzera kweTHC.
Pakutumira zvinhu zveLCL, zvinhu zvinobva kune vanhu vakawanda zvinosanganiswa kuita mudziyo mumwe chete. Kana zvakadaro, THC yemudziyo wese inowanzo pararira pazvinhu zvese zvinotumirwa zvichibva pahuwandu kana huremu hunobhadhariswa. Ndosaka dzimwe nguva muripo weLCL wemuno uchitaridzika kunge wakaoma: mutengesi wekutakura zvinhu ari kugovera mari yekutumira zvinhu pakati pevatengi vakasiyana-siyana.
Kutungamira kunokoshawo. Mamwe madoko ane mitengo yakasiyana yeTHC yekutumira kunze kwenyika nekutenga zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvichiratidza maitiro evashandi vemuno, huwandu hwevanhu vakawandisa, kana maitiro emusika. Mune dzimwe nyika, vatongi vanogona kudzikamisa kana kutungamira huwandu hweTHC, nepo mune dzimwe, madoko ane rusununguko rwakawanda rwekuzvisarudzira mitengo yawo.
Kubva pamaonero emutengesi, THC inowanzo kuve chikamu cheboka guru rinonzi "mari dzemuno" kana kuti "mari dzekwakabva/dzekuenda". Unogona kuona mitsara yakaita sekuti "THC Origin", "THC Destination", "Documentation Fee", uye "Security Fee" yakakamurwa pamwe chete. Kana uchida kunzwisisa mitengo yako zvakajeka, zvine musoro kubvunza mupi wezvekutakura zvinhu kuti akupe ruzivo rwekuti chikamu chipi chiri chikamu chekugadzirisa zvinhu.
Nzvimbo dzeTHC Dzakajairika Pasirose
Mari dzinobhadhariswa dzinogona kuva dzakawanda nekuti THC inokanganiswa nezvinhu zvinosanganisira mitengo yevashandi vemunharaunda, kugadzirwa kwechiteshi, zvivakwa zvechiteshi, uye mutemo. Mahombe mahub ports nematerminals akagadzirwa zvakanaka anowanzova nemitengo yepamusoro, asi anoshandawo zvakanaka. Maports madiki kana asina otomatiki anogona kubhadharisa mari shoma, asi kunonoka uye traffic zvinogona kukonzera kuti mitengo yako ikwire.
Tafura iri pazasi inopa chete mitengo isingadhuri muUSD yemudziyo wakajairika wakaoma. Iyi haisi mitengo yepamutemo, uye inochinja nekufamba kwenguva uye zvichienderana nemagumo, asi inokupa pfungwa yehukuru hunowanzo shandiswa nevanotumira.
| Dunhu / Rudzi rweChiteshi | 20′ FCL Export THC (Inoratidza) | 40′ FCL Export THC (Inoratidza) | Hurukuro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zviteshi zvikuru muChina | US$80 - 180 | US$120 - 260 | Matemu anoshanda zvakanaka, makwikwi akasimba |
| Zviteshi zvikuru zveUS | US$150 - 350 | US$250 - 450 | Mari yepamusoro yevashandi nezvivakwa |
| Zviteshi zvikuru zveEU | US$120 - 280 | US$200 - 420 | Mari dzinosiyana pakati peNorth Europe neMediterranean |
| Zviteshi zvemusika zviri kusimukira | US$60 - 150 | US$100 - 240 | Mitengo inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya; zvivakwa zvingave zvisina kufambira mberi zvakanyanya |
| Transshipment hubs | US$90 - 220 | US$130 - 320 | Mabasa akaomarara asi anowanzoita kuti pave nekubudirira kwakanyanya |
Nhamba idzi ingori fungidziro yekutanga. Port pair chaiyo, carrier, terminal, uye chero michina kana masevhisi akasiyana anoshandiswa zvinokanganisa THC yako chaiyo. Paunotarisa LCL, hauzooni mutengo wese wekontena. Pane kudaro, uchaona muripo pa cubic meter kana pa revenue ton inosanganisira THC uye dzimwe nguva mimwe mari yemuno.
Pakugadzira bhajeti kana kuenzanisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa, THC haifanirwe kuongororwa yoga. Inofanira kutariswa pamwe chete nedzimwe mari dzekubva nedzekuenda. Kana chiteshi chichishanda zvakanaka, THC yakawanda inogona kukonzera kudzikira kwemutengo kana ikaderedza kunonoka, mari yekuchengetedza, uye njodzi.
THC yekutumira kweFCL vs LCL
THC iri nyore pakutumira zvinhu zveFCL. Kazhinji, unobhadhara mari yakatarwa pamudziyo wega wega, izvo zviri pachena kuti zvinoenderana nehukuru nerudzi rwemudziyo. Kana ukatakura mudziyo wakaoma une makiromita makumi mana kubva pachiteshi chikuru muChina kuenda kuchiteshi chikuru muUS, unofanirwa kutarisira kuona THC kumativi ese, mugumo wega wega uchichaja kamwe chete pamudziyo wega wega.
THC chikamu chemutengo wakaoma wekutakura zvinhu zveLCL. Mutengesi wezvinhu anofanirwa kupatsanura mari yemuchina, senge THC, kubatanidza zvinhu, kubvisa zvinhu mudura, uye kubata zvinhu mudura, pakati pevanotakura zvinhu nekuti vanotakura zvinhu vakasiyana vanoshandisa mudziyo mumwe chete. Ndosaka ma invoice eLCL achiwanzova nemari yakawanda yemuno yausingaoni mumutengo weFCL.
Muhupenyu chaihwo, LCL THC inowanzo verengerwa mumutsara wakaita sekuti “Origin charges (paCBM)” kana kuti “Destination charges (paCBM).” Kunyangwe muripo wacho usinganzi THC, uchiri kureva chinhu chimwe chete: kufambisa zvinhu nepachiteshi. Paunoenzanisa sarudzo dzeFCL neLCL, unofanirwa kutarisa mitengo yekutakura zvinhu nemitengo yemuno, seTHC, kuti usarudze iyo inokupa mutengo wakanakisa payuniti yekutakura zvinhu.
Muenzaniso: Kuenzanisa Kurapa kweFCL neLCL THC
| Kuonekwa | FCL (Yakazara Container Mutoro) | LCL (Isingasviki Container Load) |
|---|---|---|
| Hwaro hwekuchaja | Pamudziyo wega wega (20′, 40′, nezvimwewo) | PaCBM kana patani yemari inowanikwa |
| Kuonekwa pa invoice | Kazhinji semitsara yakasiyana yeTHC Origin / THC Destination | Kazhinji zvinounganidzwa mumari yekwakabva/kwainoenda |
| Kugoverwa kwemabasa | Inobhadharwa nebato rine basa pasi peIncoterms | Yakagovaniswa pakati pevatakuri vese vari mukubatanidzwa |
| Kufanotaura kwemutengo | Saizi yakakura yemidziyo yakamboshandiswa uye maports anozivikanwa | Zvinoenderana nehuwandu chaihwo hunobhadhariswa uye chimiro chekubatanidza |
Kune vanotumira zvinhu vanotumira mapakeji akawanda, FCL inowanzo fungidzirwa zviri nyore kubva pamaonero eTHC. LCL inogona kuramba iri chibvumirano chakanaka kune vanotumira zvinhu vadiki, asi zvakakosha kushanda nevanotumira zvinhu vanogona kutsanangura kuti THC nedzimwe mari dzemuno dzinosanganisirwa sei mumitengo yeCBM yega yega.
Ndiani Anobhadhara THC uye Rini? (Basa reIncoterms)
Mitemo yeIncoterms yakabvumiranwa pakati pemutengi nemutengesi ine simba guru pakusarudza kuti ndiani anozopedzisira abhadhara THC. Mitemo yeIncoterms inotsanangura kuti njodzi nemitengo yemutengi nemutengesi zvinochinjana sei. THC ndeimwe yemari yemuno ichabhadharwa nerumwe rutivi kana rumwe.
Mutengi ndiye ane mutoro wekubhadhara mari yese yemutengesi mushure mekutengeswa, chero bedzi mitemo yacho yakaita seEXW (Ex Works). Izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira THC pachiteshi chekutakudza nekuburitsa zvinhu, sezvo mutengi ari iye ane mutoro wekutakura zvinhu zvikuru. Mutengesi haafanire kuita zvakawanda.
FOB (Free On Board) zvinoreva kuti mutengesi anowanzo bhadhara mari yekuendesa zvigadzirwa kunzvimbo yekutakurisa zvinhu, kubvisa zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye kuzviisa muchikepe. Muchokwadi, izvi zvinowanzoreva kuti mutengesi anobhadhara THC panzvimbo yaakabva uye mutengi anobhadhara THC panzvimbo yaanoenda. Asi tsika dzemuno dzinogona kusiyana, saka zvakanaka kuti ubvunze nevanopa rubatsiro rwezvinhu kuti mitengo yacho inogovaniswa sei.
Mutengesi anobhadhara uye anoronga mari huru mitoro yegungwa kuenda kuchiteshi chengarava pasi peCIF kana CFR. Izvi zvinowanzosanganisira THC yekutanga uye kutakurwa kwemugungwa. Mutengi anowanzo kuve nebasa rekutumira THC uye kutumira mukati menyika, kunze kwekunge mapato acho abvumirana zvakasiyana kana kushandisa mazwi akadai seDAP kana DDP.
DAP (Delivered At Place) uye DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) zvinoisa mutoro wakawanda pamutengesi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mutengesi angafanira kubhadhara THC kubva kwaakabva uye kwaanoenda, pamwe nekufambisa mukati menyika uye pamwe nemitero yemutero muDDP. Mutengi anowana mutengo unounzwa wakawanda "wese-in."
Nekuti dzimwe nguva THC ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pamutengo wemuno, kusanzwisisana nezveIncoterms kunogona kukonzera matambudziko. Semuenzaniso, mutengi anogona kufunga kuti mutengesi ari kubhadhara mari yese yechiteshi, kusanganisira THC, nepo mutengesi achifunga kuti THC pakutanga ndeyemutengi. Zvibvumirano zvakanyorwa uye mashoko akadzama anotaura zvakajeka kuti ndiani anobhadhara THC pachiteshi chimwe nechimwe zvinobatsira kudzivirira kuti zvinhu zvisafamba zvakanaka.
THC vs Zvimwe Zvikwereti zvePort uye Zvinyorwa
THC ndeimwe yemari yauchaona pakubhadhara magwaro ekufambisa nekufambisa zvinhu. Kuziva kuti yakasiyana sei nedzimwe mari kunogona kukubatsira kutaurirana zviri nani uye kukupa mutengo wakarurama.
Kuburitsa mabhiri ekutakura zvinhu, kutarisira mapepa, uye kutumira data kumakambani emitero kana echiteshi chengarava zvinowanzoda mari. Mari idzi ndedzebasa rehutungamiriri uye hadzina chekuita nekufambisa makontena muchivanze.
Dzimwe nguva, mari yekuchengetedza inowedzerwa pamari yekuwedzera matanho ekuchengetedza pachiteshi, kusanganisira kutevedzera mitemo yeISPS (International Ship and Port Facility Security). Inogona kubhadharisa pakontena imwe neimwe kana nemutoro, uye haina kufanana neTHC.
Mari yekuchengetera zvinhu pachiteshi kana yekuderedzwa kwemutengo inotsamira panguva uye inoshanda kana zvinhu zvako kana mudziyo wako zvikagara muchiteshi kwenguva yakareba kupfuura nguva yemahara inobvumirwa. Kunyangwe zvazvo zviri pachena kuti zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwechiteshi, mari idzi hadzisi dzeTHC. Kutakura zvinhu kunofamba zvakanaka kungangoda kubhadhara THC, nepo kutumira zvinhu kunonoka kunogona kuwedzera nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu uye kuderedza mutengo pamwe neTHC.
Kana mudziyo wacho ukagara kunze kwechiteshi kwenguva yakareba kupfuura yawabvumirwa, senge mudura rako kana mumotokari, uchafanirwa kubhadhara mari yekuchengetwa. Mutakuri (muridzi kana kuti anorenda mudziyo wacho) anobhadharisa kuchengetwa, nepo THC ichibhadharisa kuchengetwa mukati mechiteshi.
Zvichava nyore kutaura nevanotumira zvinhu nevatengesi kana ukaramba uchifunga nezvemapoka aya. Ungabvunza kuti, "Izvi ndezvekubata, kunyora magwaro, kuchengetedza, kuchengetera, kana kushandisa mudziyo here?" paunoona chinhu chiri mumutsetse. Mubvunzo mumwe chete iwoyo unogona kukubatsira kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika uye kuchengetedza mari.
Maitiro Ekuchengetedza THC Yakadzikama
Haugone kudzivirira zvachose THC, nekuti zvinhu zvako zvinofanirwa kufambiswa pazviteshi. Zvisinei, unogona kudzora kuti mari idzi dzakajeka uye dzinofungidzirwa sei, uye unogona kuita sarudzo dzinoderedza mitengo nenjodzi dzisiri dzakakosha.
Chimwe chinhu chinobatsira kuita kushandisa Incoterms inoenderana nehunyanzvi hwako uye ruzivo rwauinarwo runokupa mukana. Kana uine mubatsiri akanaka wekutakura zvinhu munyika yauri kutengesa kunze kwenyika, ungangoda mamiriro ezvinhu anokutendera kudzora nekutaurirana zvakananga nezvekwakabva THC pane kurega mutengesi achizviita. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana uine chokwadi chekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika, ungangoda zvakapesana.
Imwe nzira yakangwara yekuchengetedza mari ndeyekubatanidza zvinhu zvako zvinotumirwa. Kana uchiwanzotumira zvinhu zvidiki zveLCL kubva kunzvimbo imwe chete kuenda kunzvimbo imwe chete, unogona kukwanisa kuvandudza maitiro ako ekubatanidza zvinhu, kutamira kuFCL nekukurumidza kupfuura zvawaida, kana kushandisa maports anoshanda zviri nani uye ane mazinga eTHC akaderera.
Zvakakoshawo kuva nemitengo yakajeka. Paunobvunza mutengo, unogona kuudza mutengesi wako kana THC iripo uye, kana zvakadaro, pachiteshi chipi uye padanho ripi. Vazhinji vane ruzivo rwekutumira zvinhu vanogona kukupa kuenzanisa kwemutengo wese wepasuo nesuo, kusanganisira THC, kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekutumira zvinhu kana sevhisi.
Chekupedzisira, kusarudza mumwe munhu wekutakura zvinhu anoziva zvakawanda nezvenzira dzenyu huru dzekutengeserana kunogona kuita mutsauko mukuru. Munhu anotumira zvinhu kuChina nekuUS zuva rega rega kana dzimwe nzira huru anowanzova nehukama nechiteshi, kunzwisisa kwakakwana mashandiro anoita zvinhu munzvimbo iyi, uye kuyedza mashandiro anoita zvinhu zvinoderedza zvikanganiso, kunonoka, uye kushamisa muripo wemuno.
Mienzaniso Yakashanda: Kufungidzira THC Mukutumira Chaiko
Kuti tinzwisise THC zviri nani, ngatitarisei mienzaniso miviri iri nyore. Iyi haisi mitengo chaiyo, asi inoratidza kuti THC inoenderana sei nemutengo wese.
Funga nezvekutumira imwe FCL ine urefu hwemamita 40 kubva kuShenzhen kuenda kuLos Angeles ine mitemo yeFOB. Mutengesi wako anobhadhara mari yekutakura marori emuno kuenda kuchiteshi uye mari yekutumira kunze kwenyika. Iwe, semutengi, unobhadhara mari yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa.
Mutengesi wako wezvinhu anogona kutaura chimwe chinhu chakadai sekuti:
- Kutumirwa nechikepe kubva kuShenzhen kuenda kuLos Angeles kunodhura $1,200.
- THC panobva chinhu (yakafukidzwa nemutengesi pasi peFOB): chikamu chemari yemutengesi wemuno
- THC panzvimbo yaunoda kutenga (Los Angeles): $320 yemudziyo une 40 feet
- Mari yekutumira mapepa ekuenda uye kuchengetedzwa: US$80
Mumuenzaniso uyu uri nyore, unosangana zvakananga neTHC panzvimbo yaunoenda, uko US$320 iri chikamu che "mari yekuenda kunzvimbo iyoyo." Chikamu cheTHC chichiri chakabatana nemitero yekupedzisira, saka chingasachinje kakawanda semutengo wekutakura zvinhu mugungwa.
Zvino fungidzira uri muridzi wechitoro chepamhepo uchitumira zvinhu zveLCL kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuNew York. Zvawatumira zvinorema 5 CBM uye 1,000 kg, uye vhoriyamu inobhadhariswa i5 CBM.
Mashoko ako angaratidza:
- Mitoro yegungwa (LCL, paCBM): US$60 pa5 CBM = US$300
- Mari dzekutanga dzemuno (kusanganisira THC allocation, paCBM): US$25 × 5 CBM = US$125
- Mari dzemunharaunda panzvimbo yauri kuenda (kusanganisira chikamu cheTHC, paCBM): US$40 × 5 CBM = US$200
Mumitengo yemuno yeCBM yega yega, THC inosanganiswa nemamwe masevhisi emuno. Haugone kuona mutsetse chaiwo weTHC, asi uchiripo. Kana forwarder ikachinja consolidation terminal kana mitengo yemuno ikakwira, mitengo yemuno yeCBM yega yega inogona kuchinja kuratidza mazinga matsva eTHC.
Unogona kubvunza mibvunzo yakajeka kana ukatarisa pamitengo yeTHC, senge "Ndeipi mari yemuno yekushandisa terminal?" Mari iyoyo yakagadzikana zvakadii? Pane zvimwe terminal kana nzira dzingave dzakavimbika kana kuti dzinodhura zvishoma here?
Kutumirwa kweTopway Kunokubatsira Sei Kutarisira THC uye Mutengo Wese Wekutakura Zvinhu
THC ingori imwe yezvikamu zvakawanda zve logistics equation yemabhizinesi e e-commerce anopinda miganhu uye mabhizinesi epasi rose. Mubatsiri akanaka we logistics anogona kukubatsira kunzwisisa nekugadzirisa mitengo iyi nenzira inobatsira bhizinesi rako kukura pane kugara uchingoerekana washamisika.
Topway Shipping, iyo iri muShenzhen, China, yave iri kambani yehunyanzvi yekupa mhinduro dzezvinhu zve e-commerce kubva muna 2010. Chikwata chekutanga chine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu mukutakura zvinhu pasi rose uye kubvisa zvinhu kubva kumitero, vachinyanya kutarisa kuUS neChina. Topway inoziva mashandiro anoita terminal handling pazviteshi zvikuru zveChina nemagedhi eUS nekuti vanga vari mubhizinesi iri kwenguva yakareba. Vanozivawo mashandiro anoita THC nezvimwe zvinobhadhariswa munharaunda muhupenyu chaihwo.
Mabasa eTopway anofukidza zvese zvinotengeswa, kubva pakutora zvinhu kubva kumafekitori kana mumatura kusvika pakuzvichengeta kunze kwenyika, kubvisa zvinhu kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, uye kuzviendesa kune vatengi vako vekupedzisira kana kunzvimbo dzekuzadzisa zvinodiwa. Topway inogona kukubatsira kuona mutengo wezvose, kusanganisira THC, nekutarisira nekugadzirisa zvese zvinotengeswa. Nenzira iyi, haufanirwe kusangana nehurongwa hwakasiyana apo pasina munhu ane maonero akazara.
Topway inopa masevhisi anochinjika ekutakura zvinhu zvakawanda (FCL) uye less-than-container-load (LCL) ekutakura zvinhu mugungwa kubva kuChina kuenda kumachiteshi makuru pasi rose. Topway inogona kukubatsira kusarudza kuti FCL kana LCL iri nani kubhizinesi rako riini, kungave wagadzirira kutenga zvinhu zvakakwana kana kuti uchiri kutumira zvinhu zvidiki. Vachatarisa THC, mitengo yekubatanidza zvinhu, nguva yekufambisa zvinhu, uye mafambiro ekutengesa kwako.
Topway inogona kugadzira mhinduro dzehunyanzvi dzezvinhu zvinochengetedza mari yako yekutenga payuniti imwe neimwe yakagadzikana kune vatengesi ve e-commerce vanotumira kuUS nedzimwe misika dzakakosha nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinogona kureva kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzekubatanidza, kusarudza nzvimbo dzekutengesa dzine THC dzakagadzikana, uye kugadzira tsika dzinoshanda uye mashandiro ekupedzisira anoderedza kunonoka, kudzivirira mari yekuwedzera yekuchengetedza, uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kuronga mari yako.
Kana uchishanda nekambani yakaita seTopway Shipping, unowana vashandi vasingangozivi chete mitemo nemitero yakanyorwa papepa, asiwo mashandiro avanoita muhupenyu chaihwo pamachiteshi nemachiteshi.
mhedziso
Chinhu chikuru chekutakura zvinhu zvepachiteshi chemazuva ano iTerminal Handling Charge (THC). Imari yekushandisa zvivakwa zvechiteshi, michina, nevashandi kutamisa makontena nezvinhu. Haisi mutengo "wakavanzika" mupfungwa chaiyo, asi zvingave zvakaoma kunzwisisa kana ichibatanidzwa mumitengo yemuno kana kana vatakuri nevanotumira zvinhu vakasiyana vachishandisa mazwi akasiyana kuitsanangura.
Kune vanotumira zvinhu, kunyanya avo vanoita zvekutengeserana neindaneti kana kutengeserana kwenyika dzese, kuziva THC kwakakosha pakuita fungidziro dzemitengo dzakarurama uye sarudzo dzemitengo. Unogona kuongorora mitengo nechivimbo uye kutaurirana zvakanaka nevatengesi nevatengi kana uchiziva kuti THC inofukidza chii, kuti yakasiyana sei nemitengo yekubvisa zvinhu, kuchengetedza, uye mari yekunyora, uye kuti inokanganiswa sei nerudzi rwemudziyo, chiteshi chaunosarudza, uye Incoterms.
Huwandu hweTHC mumachiteshi akasiyana-siyana nepazviteshi zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana zvikuru. Asi unofanira kugara uchizvitarisa zvichienderana nehurongwa hwese hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa. Mitengo yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa, kutakurwa kwezvinhu mukati menyika, tsika, warehousing, uye kuendesa zvinhu nekukurumidza zvese zvinokanganisa THC uye kuti unozopedzisira wabhadhara marii. Dzimwe nguva, nzira ine THC yakawanda asi yakavimbika zviri nani ingave sarudzo iri nani yebhizinesi.
Pakupedzisira, nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzirisa THC ndeyekushanda nemumwe wako wezvekutakura zvinhu anoziva nzira dzako dzekutengeserana uye maitiro ako ebhizinesi uye akavhurika uye akatendeseka newe. Kana kambani yehunyanzvi yakaita seTopway Shipping ichitarisira zvekutakura zvinhu kubva kwawakabva kusvika kwawakaenda, THC inova chinhu chinozivikanwa uye chinogadziriswa panzvimbo pekushamisika kusingafadzi pabhiri rako.
FAQs
Mubvunzo: Chii chaizvo chinonzi Terminal Handling Charge (THC)?
A: Mutero weKutakura Zvinhu (Terminal Handling Charge) mutero unobhadhara kutamisa magaba nezvinhu muchiteshi chengarava. Unowanzo sanganisira kutamisa nekurongedza zvinhu muchivanze, kurodha kana kuburitsa magaba mungarava, uye nzira dzekupinda nekubuda mungarava. Pakutumira zvinhu muFCL, THC inowanzo chajwa negaba, nepo pakutumira zvinhu muLCL, inowanzo chajwa nehukuru kana huremu.
Mubvunzo: Sei THC ichibhadhariswa zvakasiyana nemidziyo yemugungwa?
A: THC inobhadharwa yoga sezvo ine chekuita nemabatirwo anoitwa zvinhu pazviteshi zvimwe, kwete mafambisirwo azvinoitwa kure negungwa. Mari yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa ndiyo mari yekutumira zvinhu pakati pezviteshi, nepo THC iri mari yekushandisa zvivakwa zvepachiteshi nevashandi vemunharaunda rwendo rwemugungwa rwusati rwatanga uye rwapera. Nekuparadzanisa mari idzi, vatakuri nezvivako zvepachiteshi vanogona kuchinja mitengo yemuno pasina kugadzirisa mitengo yekutakura zvinhu.
Mubvunzo: Ndiani ane basa rekubhadhara THC, mutengi kana mutengesi?
A: MaIncoterms anoshandiswa muchibvumirano chekutengesa anosarudza kuti ndiani ane mhosva yeTHC. MuFOB, mutengesi anowanzo kubhadhara THC yakabva uye mutengi anobhadhara THC yaanoenda. Mutengi anowanzobhadhara THC kumativi ese kana achishandisa EXW. Mutengesi angafanira kubhadhara THC payakabva uye payakaenda kana achishandisa DAP kana DDP. Zvakakosha kunyora pasi kuti ndiani ane mhosva yeTHC pachiteshi chimwe nechimwe.
Mubvunzo: Ko THC, kuderedza kumanikidzwa, uye kuvharirwa zvinhu zvakafanana here?
A: Kwete, idzi mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzemari. THC mutengo wekutakura makontena nezvinhu kuburikidza nechiteshi. Demurrage mutengo wekuchengetera unobhadhariswa kana kontena ikagara muchiteshi kwenguva yakareba kupfuura nguva yakasununguka yakabvumidzwa. Kana kontena iri muruoko rwako kwenguva yakareba kunze kwechiteshi, uchatongerwa kusungwa. Vese vatatu vanogona kuonekwa pabhiri rako, asi vanobva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Mubvunzo: Sei mwero weTHC uchisiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemaports?
A: Mitengo yeTHC yakasiyana-siyana nekuti chiteshi chimwe nechimwe chinosangana nemari yakasiyana yevashandi, mari yekudyara muzvivakwa, traffic, uye mitemo. Kunyangwe kana zvikashanda zvakanaka, madoko makuru, anongoshanda otomatiki munyika dzakabudirira anogona kunge aine THC yakawanda sezvo inodhura zvakanyanya kuashandisa. Machiteshi madiki kana asina kugadzirwa zvakanyanya anogona kubhadharisa THC shoma, asi ungangofanira kumirira kwenguva yakareba kana kuti panjodzi yekunonoka kakawanda.
Mubvunzo: Ndingaderedza sei kukanganiswa kweTHC pamutengo wangu wese wezvinhu zvekufambisa?
A: Haugone kudzivirira zvachose THC, asi unogona kuderedza mhedzisiro yayo nekusarudza Incoterms yakakodzera, kugadzirisa huwandu hwekutumira, uye kusanganisa zvinhu pazvinenge zvakakodzera. Kana ukashanda nekambani yekutakura zvinhu yagara iripo kwenguva yakati, vanogona kukubatsira kusarudza zviteshi zvengarava, masevhisi, uye nzira dzinoenderana zvakanaka pakati peTHC, mitengo yekutakura zvinhu, uye kuvimbika kwakajairika. Zvakakoshawo kuva akajeka uye akatendeseka paunenge uchipa mitengo.
Mubvunzo: Ko THC inoshanda chete kune zvinotumirwa neFCL, kana kuti kune zvinhu zvinotakura neLCL?
A: THC inoshanda kune zvese zvinotumirwa neFCL neLCL, asi mutengo wacho wakasiyana pane chimwe nechimwe. Kune FCL, THC inowanzo kuve nechiyero chakafanana pamudziyo wega wega. Kune LCL, THC chikamu chemari yekubata yemuno inogovaniswa nevatengi vakawanda uye inoratidzwa semutero paCBM kana patani yemari inowanikwa. THC ichaverengerwa mumitengo mikuru yemuno yekwakabva nekwainoenda mumitengo yakawanda yeLCL.
Mubvunzo: Ko THC inombosanganisira mitero yemutero here kana mitero yemutero?
A: Kwete, THC haina mitero, yakaita semitero yemutero wemutero, mitero yekupinda munyika, kana mutero wekuwedzera kukosha. Vakuru vemitero vanounganidza mitero iyoyo kubva kuhurumende. THC muripo unobhadhariswa nemakambani ekutakura zvinhu pakubata mabasa pachiteshi chengarava. Kukosha uye rudzi rwezvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa kuverenga muripo wemutero wemutero wega wega.
Mubvunzo: Ko THC inogona kuchinja here mugore randinenge ndabvumirana pamutengo?
A: THC inogona kuchinja kana vatakuri kana materminals vachichinja mitengo yavo, izvo zvavanoita kana mitengo yakwira kana mitemo mitsva yatanga kushanda. Kana uine chibvumirano chenguva refu nekambani yekutakura zvinhu, chinogona kutaura kuti shanduko idzi dzinofanira kuitwa sei. Muhupenyu chaihwo, shanduko diki muTHC dzinoitika nguva dzese, asi vanopa ruzivo rwehunyanzvi vachakuzivisa nezve chero shanduko huru dzinokanganisa kutumira kwako.
Mubvunzo: Topway Shipping ingandibatsira sei kubata THC zvinobudirira?
A: Kubva mugore ra2010, Topway Shipping yave ichinyanya kutarisana nekutengeserana kwepaindaneti uye inoziva zvakawanda nezvekutumira zvinhu pakati peChina neUS nedzimwe nzira dzekutengeserana dzakakosha. Topway inogona kukupa mufananidzo wakadzama wemitengo yese, kusanganisira THC, nekutarisira zvese zvinodiwa, kubva padanho rekutanga rekufambisa zvinhu uye nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu pasi rose kusvika pakubviswa kwezvinhu nekutumira zvinhu nekukurumidza. Vanogona kukubatsira kusarudza nzvimbo dzakakodzera, mazinga ebasa, uye nzira dzekutumira kuitira kuti THC ive chikamu chinogoneka uye chinogoneka chemari yako yese yekushandisa zvinhu.
