Nei Vatengesi Vakawanda Vari Kusiya Kutakura Midziyo Yemugungwa Yechitima Kubva kuChina Kuenda kuAustria
ziviso
Kuchinja kusinganyarari kuri kuitika mumigwagwa yekutakura zvinhu pakati peChina neCentral Europe. Vatengesi vakawanda, kunyanya avo vanotumira zvinhu kuAustria, vari kuongororazve kuvimba kwavo nekutakura zvinhu mugungwa uye vachichinja kuenda kune network yechitima cheChina-Europe. Uku hakusi kuyedza kudiki kunovhiringidza. Idanho rakafungwa, rakarongwa nemaune, rinotsigirwa neruzivo rwemusika, mari yekudyara muzvivakwa, uye zviitiko zvinorwadza zvemakore achangopfuura.
Dambudziko reGungwa Dzvuku rakatanga pakupera kwa2023 ndokuzoguma muna 2025 raireva kuti ngarava dzaifanira kutora nzira refu yeCape of Good Hope, zvichiwedzera nguva yekufamba kubva kuChina kuenda kuEurope nemazuva anopfuura 45. Zvadaro kwaiva kuzara kwezvikepe, kufamba nechikepe kusina chinhu uye kuwedzera kwemari yekuwedzera. Kune avo vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vainzwa kugadzikana nekutakura zvinhu mugungwa, izvi hazvina kuva dambudziko. Asi nzira dzavo dzekutakura zvinhu dzakaonekwa pachena. Ndimo mune izvi, apo China-Europe Railway Express, inozivikanwawo seCR Express kana kuti New Silk Road, yakavapo kwete senzira yechipiri yakanakisisa, asi seimwe nzira inokwanisika uye inodhura.
China-EU njanji inotakura huwandu hwezvinhu hwakadzoka zvakanyanya muna 2024. Gore rapera, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotakura mafuta hunosvika 380,434 hwakabatwa, zvichikwira ne80.2% kubva mugore ra2023. Huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotakura mafuta hunoenda kumadokero (kuChina kuenda kuEurope) hwakakwira ne130.8% kusvika pa330,704 TEUs. Austria iri panzvimbo yakanaka kwazvo mukati meiyi nzira iri kukura, ine nzira dzinopinda muSouth Terminal yeVienna uye nzira dzechitima nemigwagwa yemunyika kubva kumagedhi makuru eEurope dzinoshandira nyika yacho. Rondedzero iyi inovhara chikonzero nei vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vari kuzviita, uye kana njanji yakanaka kune zvinhu zvako.
Mamiriro Ezvinhu Zvinotengeswa Mugungwa: Nei Vanotengesa Zvinhu Vari Kunetseka
Kune kufamba kwekutengeserana pakati peChina neAustria, kutakurwa kwengarava mugungwa kwagara kuri imwe nzira yekusarudzwa. Hupfumi hwacho huri pachena. Ngarava hombe dzemakontena dzinopa kugona kukuru pamutengo wakaderera payuniti imwe neimwe uye kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvisingakurumidzi, nhamba dzacho dzinogara dzichida gungwa. Asi "kazhinji" iri kuita basa rakawanda mumutsara iwoyo.
Makore maviri apfuura anga ari kudzidziswa pamusoro pekusasimba kwekutakura zvinhu mugungwa. Kukanganiswa kweSuez Canal kwakaita kuti ngarava dzitendeuke muAfrica, zvichiwedzera mazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemana ekufamba pakati peAsia neEurope. Mitengo yekutakura zvinhu yakawedzera, kamwe kamwe, uye vanotenga zvinhu vakawirwa ne$1,500 pamari yeTEU parwendo rwekuenda kuEU. Mikana yekuti Hormuz ivharwe ichiri kuramba ichienderera mberi nekutakura zvinhu mugungwa kusvika kutanga kwa2026, musika uchiri kuramba uchikwira mitengo.
Austria inoita kuti matambudziko aya awedzere kuipa. Senyika isina vanhu vakawanda, zvinhu zvinosvika nemvura zvinofanirwa kutanga zvasvika pachiteshi chengarava cheEurope (semuenzaniso Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Koper kana Trieste) zvozoendeswa mukati menyika nemotokari kana njanji yekudyira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti panofanira kuva nemazuva maviri kusvika mashanu uye imwe nzira yekubatana inogona kukundikana. Kunonoka kwechiteshi muHamburg kunoguma nekunonoka kwekutakura zvinhu mukati menyika, kushaikwa kwenzvimbo yekuchengetedza zvinhu uye zvinogona kukonzera kuti zvinhu zvisawanikwe. Kazhinji, nguva yekufamba kubva kuChina kuenda kuAustria kuenda kumba nemba inowanzova mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu uye zvimwe zvakawanda kana paine kusagadzikana.
Kune vanotenga zvinhu zviri muzvitoro zvakawanda, kutanga zvigadzirwa zvemwaka kana kugadzira zvinhu panguva chaiyo, kusaziva zvinhu izvi hakusi kungogumbura chete - kunodhura. Mari yekuchengeta zvinhu inowanzova 20% kusvika 35% yemari yezvinhu zviri muzvitoro pagore. Saka vhiki rega rega zvinhu zviri muzvitoro zvinotumirwa mari iri kubuda pachena.
Nzira Yekufambisa Njanji: Mashandiro Anoita Njanji yeChina-Europe
Chitima cheChina-Europe Railway Express (CR Express) chafambira mberi zvikuru kubva pachakatangwa muna 2013. Pakutanga chaive chirongwa chezvivakwa chine chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika chine zvitima zvinotsigirwa nemari yakawanda uye dzimwe nguva zvisina vanhu vakawanda, ikozvino chave nzira yekufambisa zvinhu ine mari yakawanda. Pakazosvika 2024, nzendo dzegore negore dzakawedzera kusvika pa19,000, kuwedzera kwe10.4 kubva parwendo 1,702 muna 2016, nechiyero chemidziyo yakazara yakatakura chinosvika 100%.
Network iyi inobatanidza nzira mbiri huru dzinobatanidza nzvimbo dzekugadzira dzeChina dzakadai seXi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing, Zhengzhou, Yiwu nedzimwe dzine nzvimbo dzekuEurope. Nzira yekuchamhembe inofamba ichipfuura nemuKazakhstan, Russia neBelarus kuenda kuEU, kunyanya kuburikidza nemuganhu weMalaszewicze muPoland. Middle Corridor, kana kuti Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), inzira yakareba asi yakachengeteka mune zvematongerwo enyika inobva kuKazakhstan, ichiyambuka Gungwa reCaspian, ichipfuura neAzerbaijan neGeorgia uye ichipinda muTurkey neCentral Europe. South Terminal yeVienna inzvimbo huru inogamuchira zvinhu zvinotumirwa kuenda kuAustria, uko OBB Rail Cargo Group, kambani yechipiri pakukura muEurope inotakura zvinhu muchitima, inotarisira kuti huwandu hwezvinhu huchakwira zvakanyanya muna 2024 na2025.
Sarudzo dzeNzira uye Nguva Yekufambisa
Nguva dzekufambisa dzinoenderana zvikuru neguta ravanobva kuChina, nzira yakasarudzwa uye kumhanya kwekubviswa kwemotokari kubva mumitero. Iyi ipfungwa yekuenzanisa 2025-2026.
| Nzira | corridor | Nguva Yekufambisa (Kubva paTerminal kuenda kuTerminal) | Notes |
| Xi'an → Vienna | Kuchamhembe (kuburikidza neRussia) | Mazuva 14-18 | Zvakawanda zvakasimbiswa; njodzi yezvematongerwo enyika |
| Chongqing → Vienna | Kuchamhembe (kuburikidza neRussia) | Mazuva 16-20 | Kusimuka kwakawanda |
| Yiwu → Vienna | chamhembe | Mazuva 18-22 | Yakakurumbira kune zvinhu zvevatengi |
| Xi'an → Vienna | Pakati (kuburikidza neCaspian) | Mazuva 20-26 | Inodzivisa Russia; kugona kwayo kuri kukura |
| Shanghai / Shenzhen → Vienna (kuburikidza negungwa + njanji) | Njanji yeGungwa + Yemukati menyika | Mazuva 30-45 | Nzira yechinyakare; yakachipa pa kg |
Kutumira zvinhu kubva pasuo kuenda kumaguta eAustria akadai seVienna, Graz kana Linz kunowanzowedzera mazuva maviri kusvika mana ekunonoka kubva pamugumo kuenda pamugumo. Kune akawanda mapoka ezvigadzirwa, njanji inounza zvinhu kumatura ekuAustria mumazuva gumi nematanhatu kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu - inenge hafu yenguva yekutakura zvinhu mugungwa.
Kuenzanisa Mutengo: Kuparadzanisa Nhamba
Mufananidzo wemutengo wekutakura zvinhu muchitima kana mugungwa wakaoma kupfuura kungoenzanisa mitengo. Kana tichitarisa makontena, njanji inodhura - dzimwe nguva mutengo wakapetwa kaviri kana katatu wetikiti rekutakura zvinhu muchikepe. Asi kana ukaverenga mutengo wekusvika, musiyano wacho unodzikira zvakanyanya.
| Kutumira Mamiriro | Nguva Yekufambisa (Door-to-Door) | 40ft FCL Rate (China–Austria) | Mutengo weLCL | kuvimbika |
| Kutakura Mugungwa (FCL) | Mazuva 35-45 | $ 2,835- $ 3,465 | $85/cbm | Zviri pakati nepakati (kukanganiswa kwakajairika) |
| Rail Freight (FCL) | Mazuva 18-28 | $ 6,048- $ 7,392 | $210–$280/cbm | Yakakwira (90%+ mwero wekushanda panguva yakatarwa) |
| Air Freight | Mazuva 5-10 | $3.8–$5/kg (~$30k+ paFCL yakaenzana.) | N / A | Pamusoro soro |
Kwakabva: Sino-Shipping (Kurume 2026), Goodhope Freight (2025), ruzivo rwemusika rwakaunganidzwa nechikwata cheTopway Shipping. Mitengo inoratidza uye inogona kuchinja mwaka.
Asi sezvamunoisa mumari yekuchengetedza zvinhu, mufananidzo unochinja. Pakutumira zvinhu zve $200,000, mazuva makumi maviri ekuwedzera ekufamba mugungwa ane mutengo we $2,700 kusvika $3,800 (tichifunga kuti mutengo wegore negore wekubata zvinhu we25%). Wedzerai mari yekuwedzera yengozi yekunonoka kuendesa zvinhu: kukwidziridzwa kwezvinhu kusina kufambiswa, kupera kwemidziyo, kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu nendege munguva yekukurumidza—uye mutengo wekutakura zvinhu mugungwa unowanzopfuura mutengo wakataurwa nezvawo nemutengo wakakura.
Njanji ichiri nemutengo wakaderera pane mhepo uye ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Kana zvichitora mazuva makumi mana, chitima inzira yechisikigo yechinhu chipi zvacho chisingakwanise kumirira uye chisingade kubhadhara mitengo yemhepo yemadhora mashanu pakirogiramu - yakachipa ne60-70% pane kutakurwa kwemhepo payuniti imwe neimwe. Ndosaka zvikamu zvemagetsi, mbatya, zvikamu zvemotokari nezvinhu zvevatengi zvinokosha zvauya nenzira yechitima.
Ndeipi Mitoro Yakakodzera Zvikuru Kutakura Njanji?
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinotumirwa hazvikodzeri kutakurwa nechitima. Chinhu chakanaka pakushandisa nzira iyi zvinhu zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuti zvitakurwe nengarava asi zvisingakurumidzi kana kuti zvine mutengo wakakwira pakirogiramu zvekuti zvinoita kuti mhepo ishande zvakanaka. Mukutaura, izvi zvinosanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dziri kukura.
Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nezvinhu zvakaita sema "circuit boards", ma "screens", mafoni, tekinoroji yevatengi - zvave zviri pakati pezvinhu zvekutanga kushandisa "rail boards", nekuti kukosha kwavo pahuremu kunoita kuti kutakurwa kwendege kudhure zvakanyanya asi nguva yavo yekuchengetera zvinhu uye kudiwa kwavo kunoita kuti kufamba kwegungwa kwemazuva makumi mana kuve nengozi. Michina nemidziyo yemagetsi (HS codes 84 na85) ndiyo yaive mhando yakakura kwazvo yekufamba kwechitima kuenda kumadokero muna 2024 ne30 muzana.
Huwandu hwezvikamu zvemotokari nemotokari hwakakwira zvakanyanya muna 2024, zvichikura ne192% kusvika pa31,304 TEUs. Zvigadzirwa zvakabatana nekutengesa zvakaita sefenicha, magumbeze nemidziyo yemwenje zvakakwira ne182.7% pakoridho imwe chete, zvinorema, uye zvine mutengo wakaderera. Zvipfeko zvaive pakati pezvikamu zviri kuwedzera nekukurumidza panjanji yeChina-Europe, zvichikura ne268.4% muna 2024. Zvipfeko nemachira zvinofanirwa kusvika pamahwindo emwaka.
| Cargo Category | Kukura kweNjanji yeGoY 2024 (China → EU) | Nei Njanji Ichishanda |
| Michina & Midziyo yeMagetsi | ~130% (inodarika 30% yevhoriyamu) | Kukosha kukuru, kunonzwa kunonoka |
| Mota & Zvikamu zveMota | +192% kusvika ku31,304 TEUs | Zvinodiwa pakugadzira JIT |
| Zvipfeko, Machira & Shangu | + 268.4% | Mahwindo emwaka, ane mutengo wepakati |
| Fenicha, Magumbeze & Mwenje | + 182.7% | Yakakura; inodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo wemhepo |
| Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices | Kukura (ngoro dzinodzorwa nenguva dziripo) | Zvinodiwa pakutevedzera mitemo + kumhanya |
Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa, zvinhu zvikuru zvemaindasitiri uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvisiri zvemwaka apo mutengo wekutakura zvinhu wakachipa uye nguva yekutengeswa isiri dambudziko zvichiri nani pakutakura zvinhu mugungwa. Kunaka kwekutakura zvinhu mugungwa kwakakura zvekuti hazvigone kukundwa.
Zvematongerwo enyika nezvivakwa: Nei Kuvimbika kweNjanji Kuri Kuvandudzika
Kutanga kwehondo yeRussia neUkraine muna 2022 kwakaunza njodzi yezvematongerwo enyika muchimiro chekuvimba nenyika yeRussia neBelarus, chimwe chezvishoro zvekare zvechitima cheChina neEurope. Ikoko kwaive kutya kwechokwadi uye kwakatungamira kudzikira kukuru kwehuwandu muna 2022 na2023. Asi musika wakaita zvinovaka: kukura nekukurumidza kweMiddle Corridor.
Nyika dzese dzinotakura vanhu dzakaisa mari yakawanda munzira yeTrans-Caspian, iyo inopfuura nemuKazakhstan, Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan, Georgia neTurkey. Turkey, Azerbaijan neUzbekistan dzakaisa mari mukuvandudza zvivakwa. OBB Rail Cargo Group, iyo yave iine hukama hwakananga neChina kubva muna 2008, yakachinja nzira yayo yekutarisa kuMiddle Corridor mushure mekuomerwa neUkraine uye yakashuma kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwayo kaviri muna 2024 na2025. Bhizinesi iri rinorongawo kuwedzera kugona kwekutakura makontena kuVienna's South Terminal panosvika 2027, chirevo chakajeka chekuvimba nekudiwa kwenguva refu.
Kugona kwezviteshi zvepamuganhu kudivi reChina kwakawedzerwa zvikuru. Nzvimbo shanu huru dzinoyambuka - Alashankou, Horgos, Erenhot, Manzhouli neSuifenhe - ikozvino dzinogona kugadzirisa kuchinjana kwezvitima kusvika ku184 pazuva, zvichikwira ne45% kubva padanho ra2016. Sisitimu itsva yedhijitari yechiteshi chengarava inoreva kuti magwaro emitero anogona kugadziriswa zvitima zvisati zvasvika kumuganhu, zvichideredza nguva yekubvisa ngarava. Mugumisiro wacho igwara rave rakavimbika, uye risingapindiki kune rudzi rwekudzima kwenzvimbo imwe chete kwaitambudza mumakore apfuura.
Musika wekutakura zvinhu zvechitima pakati peChina neEurope une mutengo wemadhora mabhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu emadhora muna 2025 uye unotarisirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nerimwe nemazana mana emadhora panosvika gore ra2030, zvichiratidza kukura kwegore negore kwe14.46%. Iyi haisi nzira itsva yekutakura zvinhu. Iyi inzira yekutakura zvinhu yagara iripo uye iri kukura nekukurumidza.
Kugara kwenguva refu: Nyaya Yezvakatipoteredza Yezvitima
Kutakura zvinhu nechitima kunowedzera kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza kupfuura mutengo nekumhanya izvo zviri kuwedzera kukosha kune vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanoshanda pasi pemirairo yeESG kana kupa vatengi vekuEurope vanoongorora mafambiro ecarbon. Padaro rakaenzana, njanji inogadzira CO2 shoma patani-kiromita pane kutakurwa kwemhepo kana kwegungwa. Pahwaro hweyuniti imwe neimwe.
Kune vanopinza zvinhu muAustria, sarudzo yekuenda kuchitima panzvimbo pemhepo haisi nzira yekuderedza kabhoni chete, asi kazhinji inyaya yebhizinesi. Kuva nhengo yeAustria muEU kunoreva mitemo iri kuuya ine chekuita nekuburitswa kwekabhoni uye Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) icharamba ichikwidza mikana yesarudzo dzezvekufambisa. Makambani anogona kuratidza nzira dzekutengesa dzakaderera achava nemukana wekukwikwidzana mukutenga B2B uye nzvimbo inotarisana nevatengi. Njanji yakachipa pane mhepo uye inokurumidza kupfuura yegungwa, asi iri zvakare kuva sarudzo yegirini mumusika iyo inowedzera kupa mutsauko iwoyo.
Kutumirwa kweTopway Kunotsigira Sei Njanji yeChina kuenda kuAustria
Kuwana nzvimbo muchitima chekutakura zvinhu kuti ushandise njanji yeChina-Europe hakuchina kukwana. Kutevedzera mitemo yemitero munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kupatsanurwa kwemitemo yeHS pasi pemitemo yemitero yeEU, kusungirwa kwemitero yemitero nezvinodiwa zveEORI, uye kubatanidzwa kwemitengo muAustria zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofamba-famba. Kusatarisirwa zvakanaka kweizvi kunogona kukonzera kuti zvinhu zvisafambe zvakanaka. Apa ndipo panoita basa mubatsiri we3PL anovimbwa naye.
Kubva pakavhurwa bhizinesi muna 2010, Topway Shipping iri kuShenzhen yakavaka mukurumbira wayo nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwakadai. Topway yakavambwa nechikwata chine makore anopfuura gumi nemashanu mukufambisa zvinhu pasi rose uye kubvumidza mitero, uye ine ruzivo rwakakwana rwemagwaro, kutevedzera mitemo, uye hukama hwekutakura zvinhu izvo zviri hwaro hwekubudirira kwemabasa ekutakura zvinhu pakati peChina neEurope.
China-US yagara iri hunyanzvi hukuru hweTopway Shipping. Unyanzvi hwekambani iyi hunosvika kumusika weEurope, hunosanganisira kutumira zvinhu zvitsva, kuchengetera zvinhu pasi rose, kubvisa zvinhu zvemutero uye kutumira zvinhu nekukurumidza. Topway inopa mhinduro dzinochinjika kune vanotenga zvinhu muAustria neFCL neLCL kubva kuChina kuenda kuzviteshi zvikuru pasi rose, kunyanya nzira dzeEurope dzinoshandiswa senzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu muAustria. Chikwata chavo chinogona kuvaka nzira dzakasiyana-siyana: njanji kubva kuChina kuenda kuEurope uye vozobatanidza kutumira zvinhu muVienna, Graz kana Linz.
Vatengesi veTopway vanowana kukanganiswa kwemitengo pachena (hapana mari yekuwedzera mafuta yakavanzika kana mitengo yenzvimbo dzisingatarisirwi) uye kutaurirana zviri kuitika nezvemamiriro ezvinhu ezvinhu pazvinoyambuka miganhu. Kune makambani matsva muChina-Europe, hunyanzvi hweTopway munyaya dzemitero hunokosha zvikuru, Austria inotevera mitemo yemitero yeEU uye kuwana HS code, kukosha kwemitero uye VAT yekupinza zvinhu nemazvo pakutanga ndiko musiyano uripo pakati pekubvisa mafuta zvakanaka nekunonoka kunodhura.
mhedziso
Kuchinja kubva mugungwa kuenda kuchitima chekutakura zvinhu zvinotengeswa kubva kuChina neAustria hakusi tsika yakabva muzvinhu zvitsva. Iyi mhinduro ine musoro kune shanduko dzakawanda dzemaumbirwo: kuramba kuchichinja-chinja kwekutakura zvinhu mugungwa, kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvechitima uye kuvimbika, kuwedzera kwezvikamu zvezvigadzirwa zvinoenderana nemutengo wechitima, uye kuwedzera kukosha kwekufanotaura kwecheni yekugovera zvinhu kumakambani ekuAustria ari kukwikwidzana mumusika weEU.
Kutakura ngarava kubva kuChina kuenda kuAustria hakugoneki kune zvese zvinotumirwa. Kutakura ngarava mugungwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera kuchava nzvimbo yezvinhu zvakawanda uye kuzadzazve zvinhu zvisina kukurumidza. Kunze kwemagetsi, mbatya, zvikamu zvemotokari, nezvinhu zvevatengi uko nguva inokosha uye mitengo yendege yakanyanya kudhura, China-Europe Railway Express isarudzo inokwezva, iri kuvandudzika gore rega rega sezvo zvivakwa zvichikura uye kugona kuwedzera.
Chokwadi pamusoro pemusika chinotsigira pfungwa iyi. Hazvisiwo humbowo hwezvakaitika kare, ne380,434 TEUs dzakatakurwa panzira yechitima yeChina-EU muna 2024. Uku kuwedzera kwe80.2% pagore uye OBB yakashuma huwandu hwakapetwa kaviri munzira yeVienna chete. New Silk Road haisi chete chirevo chezvematongerwo enyika, asi inzvimbo inoshanda yekutakura zvinhu iyo vanopinza zvinhu muAustria vanogona kushandisa nhasi nenzira inoshanda.
Kunyangwe uri kekutanga kutenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika uchiongorora dzimwe nzira dzako kana kuti une ruzivo rwekutarisira mafambiro emotokari uchiongororazve nzira yako yekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvichienderana nematambudziko emugungwa munguva pfupi yapfuura, njanji kubva kuChina kuenda kuAustria inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Kana mubatsiri wekutakura zvinhu akakodzera akagadzirisa kuomarara, zvinogona kuwedzera simba rako rekugovera zvinhu, kuderedza mari yako yese yekumhara uye kuendesa zvinhu zvako kumusika nekukurumidza.
FAQs
Mubvunzo: Kutakura zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuAustria kunotora nguva yakareba sei, pamba nepasuo?
A: Kufamba kubva pachiteshi kuenda kuchiteshi kunowanzova mazuva 14 kusvika 22 zvichienderana neguta rekubva uye rwendo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora ngarava muChina uye kutakura kwekupedzisira mukati meAustria. Ronga mazuva 18-28 ese. Izvi zviri nani pane mazuva 35-45 ekutakura ngarava mugungwa munguva dzakajairika uye anopfuura mazuva 45 kana gungwa rikakanganiswa nekufamba nenzira itsva kuburikidza neCape of Good Hope.
Mubvunzo: Kutakura zvinhu kubva kuChina kuenda kuAustria kunodhura here kupfuura kutakura zvinhu mugungwa?
A: Ehe, mutengo wekutakura zvinhu mugungwa weFCL kanenge kaviri kusvika katatu, pamudziyo wega wega. Asi kana ukawedzera mari yekuchengeta zvinhu, mari yekuwedzera inokonzereswa nekunonoka kwekutakura zvinhu mugungwa, uye mukana wekusafanira kubhururuka muzvinhu zvinokurumidza, mari yese yekumhara kwechitima inowanzo kukwikwidzana nezvinhu zvinotakura zvinhu zvinotora nguva yakareba kana kuti zvinodhura zvakanyanya.
Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakodzera nzira dzechitima dzinofamba pakati peChina neAustria?
A: Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, mbatya, zvikamu zvemotokari, fenicha yemwaka kana yekushambadza uye zvigadzirwa zvevatengi zvinowanzoenderana nemutengo wazvo. Njanji inonyanya kukwezva kana chigadzirwa chacho chichikosha zvakanyanya kana kuti chinokurumidza kutumirwa negungwa, asi chisina kukosha zvakakwana pakirogiramu imwe neimwe kuti chikwanise kuenderana nemutengo wekutakura zvinhu nendege.
Mubvunzo: Ko gakava riri pakati peRussia neUkraine rinokanganisa here kutumirwa kwechitima pakati peChina neAustria?
A: Nzira yekuchamhembe inopfuura neRussia ichiri yakavhurika, asi mamwe mainishuwarenzi ari kushandisa mitemo ine njodzi yehondo. Middle Corridor inoyambuka Kazakhstan, Caspian Sea neTurkey haipfuure Russia zvachose uye yave nekuwedzera kukuru kwenzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu kubvira muna 2022. Dzese dziripo uye mutengesi wako wekutakura zvinhu anogona kukuudza kuti ndeipi inonyatsokodzera njodzi yako.
Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvemutero zvinoshanda pazvinhu zvinosvika muAustria nechitima?
A: Austria inoteerera mitemo yetsika dzemu EU here? Ehe, Austria inosungirwa neUnion Customs Code yeEU. Vanopinza zvinhu munyika vanoda nhamba yeEORI, kurongwa kwekodhi yeHS kwakakodzera, kuziviswa kwakarurama kwemutengo wetsika dzemu EU uye faira reVAT rekutumira zvinhu munyika. Kushanda pamwe chete nenyanzvi yekutakura zvinhu ine ruzivo inotarisira kubviswa kwetsika dzemu EU, senge Topway Shipping, kunoderedza kunonoka uye zvirango zvinowanzobatanidzwa nezvikanganiso zvinoitwa neanopinza zvinhu kekutanga.
