Kamoo Terene ea Yiwu-Madrid e Bopang Khoebo ea Chaena-Spain Kateng
Selelekela
Terene ea thepa e tlohile Seteisheneng sa Terene sa Yiwu West Profinseng ea Zhejiang, Chaena, ka la 18 Pulungoana 2014. E ne e jere lijana tse tloaelehileng tse 82 tsa thepa e nyane ho ea Madrid, Spain. Ke batho ba fokolang ba neng ba ka nahana hore leeto lena le lenyenyane e tla ba e 'ngoe ea litsela tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa thepa lekholong la bo21 la lilemo. Terene ea Yiwu-Madrid, eo pele e neng e tsejoa e le Yixin'ou (YXE), e entse maeto a fetang 1,800 a ho ea le ho khutla, e jere lijana tse 145,500 tsa thepa, 'me e tlisitse thepa e fetang $8 bilione ka tsela eo feela.
E otlolohile lik'hilomithara tse 13,052 ho pholletsa le linaha tse robeli - Chaena, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Jeremane, Fora le Spain - ena ke terene e telele ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea thepa. Hase feela tsela ea ho tsamaea. Ke sesebelisoa se phelang sa puisano ea khoebo, phetisetso ea ketane ea phepelo, le kopanyo ea moruo lipakeng tsa moruo oa bobeli o moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng le e 'ngoe ea limmaraka tse matla ka ho fetisisa Europe. Ho utloisisa hore na e sebetsa joang, seo e se jereng, le seo e se bolelang bakeng sa likhoebo ke tsebo ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa mang kapa mang ea sebetsang khoebong ea meeli.
Tsela ka ho Hlahloba: Jeokrafi le Ts'ebetso
Terene e tloha Yiwu, toropo e boemong ba setereke Profinseng ea Zhejiang e leng lehae la 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa thepa e nyane. Kamora moo, e ea leboea-bophirima ho feta moeling oa Alataw Pass o Xinjiang le ho kena Kazakhstan. Ho tloha moo, e feta Russia, Belarus, Poland, Jeremane le Fora pele e kena Spain 'me e fihla seteisheneng sa thepa sa terene sa Abronigal se Madrid. Leeto lena le bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse fetang 13,000 'me le nka matsatsi a ka bang 16 ho isa ho a 18, ho latela nako ea selemo le mekhoa ea moeli. Ena ke hoo e ka bang halofo ea nako eo e neng e sebelisoa ho romella thepa ho ea Ningbo, ebe e ea Valencia ka leoatle, 'me qetellong e ea Madrid ka tsela kapa ka terene, e ileng ea nka matsatsi a 35 ho isa ho a 40.
Bothata bo bong ba thepa ka mola ona ke ho fetola gauge. Chaena, Poland le Europe Bophirimela li sebelisa gauge e tloaelehileng (1,435 mm), ha Kazakhstan, Russia le Belarus li sebetsa ka gauge e pharaletseng ea Russia (1,520 mm), 'me Spain historing e sebelisa gauge e pharaletseng le ho feta ea Iberia (1,668 mm), leha meralo ea motheo ea lebelo le phahameng le thepa e 'nile ea lekanngoa butle-butle. Sena se bolela hore libakeng tsa bohlokoa tsa ho tšela meeli, lik'hontheinara li tlameha ho isoa libakeng tse fapaneng tsa bogies. Ts'ebetso ena e bile bonolo haholo ho theosa le lilemo, empa e ntse e nka nako e telele ho feta litsela tsa gauge e le 'ngoe.
Mesebetsi ea literene e laoloa haholo-holo ke Yiwu Tianmeng Industrial Investment Co., Ltd. 'me e hokahanngoa le China Railway Shanghai Group. Ho tloha ka 2024, YXE e sebetsa maeto a fetang 1,100 a ho ea le ho khutla selemo le selemo litseleng tsohle tsa eona, ho tloha ho 23 feela ka 2014. Mohala o ikhethileng oa Madrid joale o sebetsa makhetlo a mangata ka beke, 'me ho tsoa marang-rang a kakaretso a thepa a China-Europe a Yiwu, mela ea makala a 18 e hokahana le metse e fetang 160 ho pholletsa le linaha le libaka tse 50 tsa Eurasia.
Lipalopalo tsa Tsela ea Bohlokoa
| paramethara | Details |
| Kakaretso ea sebaka | 13,052 km (tsela e telele ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea terene ea thepa) |
| Linaha Tse Tsamaileng | Chaena, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland, Jeremane, Fora, Spain |
| Nako ea ho tsamaea | 16-18 matsatsi (vs. 35-40 matsatsi a leoatleng) |
| Maeto a Selemo le Selemo (2024) | 1,100+ (marangrang a Yiwu-Europe); Maeto a 1,800 a ho ya le ho kgutla ho Yiwu-Madrid ho tloha ha e qala |
| Lijana tse tsamaisitsoeng (kakaretso) | Li-TEU tse fetang 670,000 tse tsoang Yiwu (litseleng tsohle); Li-TEU tse 145,500 tseleng ea Madrid |
| Boleng ba Thepa bo Bokelletsoeng (Tsela ea Madrid) | Ho feta $8 bilione USD ho tloha ka 2014 |
| Makgetlo a Selemo le Selemo ha ho qalwa (2014) | Literene tse 23 ka selemo |
| Metse e Hokahantsoeng (marangrang a YXE) | Metse e fetang 160 linaheng tse fetang 50 |
Se Terene: Boemo bo Fetohang ba Thepa
Ha terene ea pele ea Yiwu-Madrid e tloha ka 2014, boholo ba eona e ne e jere lintho tse nyane tse theko e tlaase joalo ka likausi, lintho tsa ho bapala, mekhabiso ea Keresemese, masela le lintho tsa ka tlung tsa polasetiki. Tsena ke mefuta ea lintho tse tloaelehileng tse ileng tsa etsa hore Yiwu e tume. Seo e ntse e le karolo ea motsoako, empa boemo ba thepa bo ntlafalitsoe haholo lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Ka 2024, palo ea mefuta ea thepa e ka romeloang e ne e eketsehile ho tloha ho tse ka bang 10,000 ho isa ho tse ka bang 50,000, 'me boleng ba thepa e romeloang selemo le selemo bo ne bo nyolohile ho tloha ho $92 milione ho ea ho $2.62 bilione.
Kajeno, literene tse tsoang Yiwu ho ea bophirima li jara lintho tse ngata tse fapaneng, joalo ka likarolo tsa likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa lapeng tse bohlale, liphanele tsa letsatsi, likoloi tsa motlakase, mechini le lisebelisoa, le thepa ea ka tlung le thepa ea kaho e mengata le e mengata. Tsena ha se lintho tse theko e tlaase tseo batho ba li nahanang; ke litholoana tsa tlhahiso e tsoetseng pele ea Chaena, e qothisanang lehlokoa le boleng le theko limmarakeng tsa Europe. Terene e eang bochabela ho tloha Madrid e fetohile tsela e tiileng bakeng sa thepa ea maemo a holimo ea Spain le Europe ho kena 'marakeng o ntseng o hola oa bareki oa China oa maemo a mahareng.
Karohano ea Thepa ka Tsela
| tataiso | Lihlopha tsa Sehlahisoa sa Bohlokoa | Lintlha tse Ikhethang |
| Ho ya Bophirima (Chaena → Spain/Yuropa) | Likarolo tsa elektronike le likoloi | Lisebelisoa tse bohlale, likarolo tsa motlakase, liphanele tsa letsatsi |
| Ho ya Bophirima (Chaena → Spain/Yuropa) | Thepa ea bareki | Masela, lintho tsa ho bapala, thepa ea ka tlung, mekhabiso ea Keresemese |
| Ho ya Bophirima (Chaena → Spain/Yuropa) | Thepa ea indasteri | Mechine, lisebelisoa, thepa ea kaho |
| Ho ya Botjhabela (Spain/Yuropa → Chaena) | Lijo le lino tse tahang | Libotlolo tse ka bang limilione tse 1.5 tsa veine e khubelu ka selemo; oli ea mohloaare, ham ea Iberia |
| Ho ya Botjhabela (Spain/Yuropa → Chaena) | Tlhokomelo ea botho le litlolo | Tlhokomelo ea letlalo, litlolo tse nkhang hamonate, lihlahisoa tsa bophelo bo botle |
| Ho ya Botjhabela (Spain/Yuropa → Chaena) | Thepa e khethehileng | Metsi a diminerale, dibisikiti, dino tse bonolo, dijana tsa kichine |
Phetoho motswakong wa thepa e kgolo ke ya bohlokwa hobane e bontsha phetoho sebopehong sa kamano ya kgwebo pakeng tsa dinaha tsena tse pedi. Dintho tse romellwang kantle ho naha tsa Spain ho ya Chaena di fetohile haholo. Mohoebi Mmarakeng wa Kgwebo wa Matjhaba wa Yiwu ya ntseng a tlisa veine le oli ya mohlwaare ya Spain ka dilemo tse ngata o itse mefuta e fapaneng ya thepa ya Spain e fumanehang Yiwu e hodile haholo mme ditjeo di theohile ka ho feta 30% ha ho bapiswa le thepa ea leoatleng litefiso pele ho nako ea terene. Kemiso ea ho tlisa thepa e potlakileng le e ka lebelloang haholoanyane e boetse e bolela lihlahisoa tse ncha tsa lijo le phetoho e potlakileng ea chelete bakeng sa ba rekang kantle ho naha mahlakoreng ka bobeli.
Tšusumetso ea Khoebo: Ka Lipalo
Lintlha tsa khoebo ke tsela e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho utloisisa liphetoho tsa moruo tseo khokahano ea terene ea Yiwu-Madrid e li bakileng. Ha tšebeletso e qala ka 2014, Yiwu le Spain li ne li rekisa thepa le litšebeletso tse ka bang $400 milione selemo se seng le se seng. Ka 2022, palo eo e ne e se e holile ho fihlela ho $870 milione - keketseho ea 118% lilemong tse robeli feela. Nakong e tšoanang, khoebo ea Chaena le Spain ka kakaretso e ile ea matlafala, 'me khokahano ea terene e ne e le pontšo ea kholo eo le tsela ea ho e etsa hore e etsahale.
Likotara tse tharo tsa pele tsa 2024, kakaretso ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea Yiwu e fihlile ho li-yuan tse libilione tse 58.79 (hoo e ka bang $8.05 bilione), keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 20.3%, ho latela data ea Tsamaiso e Akaretsang ea Lekhetho. Marang-rang a literene tsa thepa tsa China-Europe a entse maeto a fetang 19,000 ka 2024, a tsamaisa li-TEU tse fetang limilione tse 1.9. Marang-rang a Yiwu a ekelitse li-TEU tse fetang 98,000 likhoeling tsa pele tse robeli tsa 2023 feela, e leng keketseho ea 12.5% ho tloha nakong e tšoanang selemong se fetileng.
Nako ea Kholo ea Khoebo: Yiwu-Spain
| Year | Boleng ba Khoebo ba Mahlakore a Mabeli | Maeto a Terene a Selemo le Selemo (Yiwu-Europe) | Boleng ba Thepa (Yiwu–Marang-rang a Europe) |
| 2014 | $ Limilione tse 400 | 23 | $ Limilione tse 92 |
| 2018 | ~$600 milione (e hakanyetsoa) | ~400+ | ~$800 milione (e hakanyetsoa) |
| 2022 | $ Limilione tse 870 | 1,000 + | ~$1.8 bilione (e hakanyetsoa) |
| 2024 | Ho hola (tlhahisoleseding ea meetlo) | 1,100 + | $ Limilione tse likete 2.62 |
Terene e boetse e fetotse tsela eo khoebo e etsoang ka eona Chaena, eseng feela palo ea khoebo. Hona joale ho na le mabenkele a fetang 18,000 a Chaena Spain, 'me lihlahisoa tsa bona tse fetang 60% li tsoa Yiwu. Kopanyo ena e tebileng e bolela hore terene ha e felle feela ka ho tsamaisa thepa - e tšehetsa tikoloho eohle ea likhoebo tse nyane le tse mahareng tse itšetlehileng ka botšepehi le tšebeliso e ntle ea litšenyehelo. thepa ea seporo ho boloka liketane tsa bona tsa phepelo.
Terene khahlanong le Leoatle khahlanong le Moea: Ho utloisisa Litšebelisano-'moho
E 'ngoe ea lintho tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tseo barekisi ba lokelang ho nahana ka tsona ha ba khetha tsela ea Yiwu-Madrid ke hore na e ikamahanya joang le litsela tse ling tsa ho tsamaisa thepa machabeng. Karabo e rarahane 'me e itšetlehile haholo ka mofuta oa thepa, hore na e hloka ho tlisoa kapele hakae, le hore na e bitsa bokae.
Thepa ea likepe e tsoang Chaena ho ea Spain e ntse e le mokhoa o tloaelehileng haholo oa ho romela lintho, haholo-holo hobane e bitsa chelete e nyane ka yuniti 'me e ka jara thepa e ngata. Ho nka matsatsi a 25 ho isa ho a 35 hore setshelo se tsamaee ho tloha Ningbo kapa Shanghai ho ea Valencia, ho latela hore na likou li phathahane hakae le hore na ke nako efe ea selemo. Thepa ea moea e ka jara dihlahiswa ka matsatsi a 5 ho isa ho a 7, le hoja hangata e bitsa tjhelete e fetang ya terene ka makgetlo a 4 ho isa ho a 6. Terene ke kgetho e ntle hobane e nka nako e ka etsang halofo ya thepa ya lewatle, e bitsa tjhelete e ka tlase haholo ho feta thepa ya moya, mme ho ka etsahala hore e diehe ka lebaka la boemo ba lehodimo bo bobe kapa tshubuhlellano ya dikepe, e leng se bakileng mathata bakeng sa ditsela tsa lewatle nakong e fetileng.
Papiso ea Mokhoa: China-Spain Freight
| feshene | Nako ea ho tsamaea | Litšenyehelo tse Batlang | tšepahala | Motsoako oa Carbon | Molemo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa |
| Terene (Yiwu–Madrid) | Matsatsi a 16-18 | Medium | Holimo (lenaneo le tsitsitseng) | Tlase-Medium | Thepa ea boleng bo mahareng, lintho tse sa boleng tse amang nako haholo |
| Maeto a Leoatle | Matsatsi a 30-40 | Low | Mahareng (boemo ba leholimo/kotsi ea koung) | Low | Thepa e kholo, e boima, le ea boleng bo tlase |
| Air Freight | Matsatsi a 5-7 | E Phahameng haholo | E Phahameng haholo | E Phahameng haholo | Thepa ea boleng bo holimo, e potlakileng |
Terene le yona e betere bakeng sa tikoloho ka ditsela tse ding. Letona la Spain la Temo, Ditlhapi le Dijo Luis Planas o hlokometse puisanong ya 2024 hore meralo ya motheo ya diterene ya Belt and Road Initiative ke 'boikemisetso bo botle ho ya ka pono ya thepa' mme a e rorisa e le e mosa ho tikoloho ho feta dipalangwang tsa lewatle le tsa moya mabapi le mosi o tswang ka ton-kilometara. Ha ditlhoko tsa ESG di ntse di tiya ho pholletsa le diketane tsa phepelo tsa Europe, tšobotsi ena e tla ba bohlokwa haholo ho ba rekang kantle ho naha le ba romelang kantle ho naha ba hlokomelang ho latela melao.
Lipolotiki tsa Naha le Boikemisetso ba Tsela
Ha ho na tsela e kgolo ya kgwebo sebakeng se se nang letho sa dipolotiki, mme tsela ya Yiwu-Madrid le yona ha e fapane. Ho tloha ha ntwa ya Russia-Ukraine e eketseha ka 2022, ho hlahile matshwenyeho mabapi le ho sebetsa ha tsela ya terene e ka leboya e fetang sebakeng sa Russia le Belarus. Dikhamphani tse mmalwa tsa thepa tse sebetsang pakeng tsa China le Yuropa di ile tsa sheba ditsela tse ding, tse kang Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), e tsebahalang haholo ka hore ke Middle Corridor. Tsela ena e feta Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia le Turkey ho ena le Russia.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tsela ea Yiwu-Madrid e bontšitse matla a mangata. Litsebi tsa tsamaiso le thepa li bontšitse hore tsela e ka leboea ho pholletsa le Russia le Belarus e ntse e sebetsa, le hore liphephetso tse sebetsang tsa Tsela e Bohareng - ho kenyeletsoa lithibelo tsa bokhoni ba likepe tsa Leoatle la Caspian, ho fetisetsa likepe tse ngata, le meralo ea motheo ea literene e sa tsoelang pele haholo likarolong tse ling - li bolela hore ha e so tlose tsela e ka leboea e thehiloeng ka tekanyo. Leha ho le joalo, ho fapanyetsana ke ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, 'me 2025 e tla ba selemo se seholo bakeng sa likamano tsa China-Europe. E tla ba sehopotso sa bo50 sa kamano ea EU-China le sehopotso sa bo20 sa tšebelisano-'moho e felletseng ea maano ea China-Spain.
Yao Jing, lenģosa la Chaena Spain, o hatelletse bohlokoa ba "netefatso ea maano" bakeng sa likhoebo le mekhatlo lichabeng ka bobeli. Bakeng sa barekisi ba thepa, moralo ona oa bodiplomate o bolela hore ba ka lebella hore terene ea Yiwu-Madrid e tsamaee khafetsa, e tšepahale haholoanyane, 'me e jare mefuta e mengata ea thepa ha mebuso ka bobeli e ntse e sebetsa ho ntlafatsa likamano tsa moruo.
Mathata le Menyetla e Ka Pele
Leha tsela ea Yiwu-Madrid e holile haholo, e ntse e na le mathata a maholo a ts'ebetso. Ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ts'ebetso ea ho fapanyetsana li-gauge libakeng tse tšelang meeli, e leng se etsang hore leeto ka leng le nke nako e telele 'me ho be thata ho rera. Leha sena se ntlafalitsoe butle-butle, e ntse e le thibelo ea tlhaho ea tsela e fetang litsamaisong tse tharo tse fapaneng tsa li-gauge tsa terene.
Phapang e 'ngoe ke bokhoni ba lijana tse sehatsetsing. Spain ke e 'ngoe ea linaha tse romellang litholoana le meroho e mecha ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, empa hajoale terene ha e na lijana tse lekaneng tse sehatsetsing ho sebeletsa 'maraka ona ka tekanyo e kholo. Bokhoni bona bo ka 'na ba hlahisa mohloli o mocha o moholo oa chelete bakeng sa sephethephethe se eang bochabela le ho lokisa e 'ngoe ea mathata a tloaelehileng a tšebeletso.
Ho ea ka nalane, palo ea maeto a ho khutla a eang bophirima e bile tlase ho palo ea a eang bochabela. Lebaka ke hobane barekisi ba Europe ba bile butle ho sebelisa 'maraka oa Chaena ho feta barekisi ba China. Ho fumana likhoebo tse ngata tsa Spain le Europe, joalo ka bahlahisi, bahlahisi ba lijo le lik'hamphani tsa thepa ea mabothobotho, ho tseba hore terene ke tsela e ntle ea ho romela thepa Chaena e ntse e le lets'oao la bohlokoa la kholo. Litsebi tsa indasteri le batho ba shebellang BRI ba boletse hore bokhoni bo boholo bo sa sebelisoang ke ho tlatsa literene tse eang bochabela ka thepa e ngata ea Europe. Sena se tla etsa hore khoebo lipakeng tsa linaha tsena tse peli e be e leka-lekaneng haholoanyane.
Kamoo Thomello ea Topway e ka Tšehetsang Thepa ea Hao ea Chaena-Europe
Ho ba le molekane oa thepa ea tsebang ho sebetsana le khoebo e rarahaneng pakeng tsa Chaena le Spain le Chaena le Europe ka kakaretso ho etsa phapang e kholo bakeng sa likhoebo. Ho tloha ka 2010, Topway Shipping - ntlo-kholo ea eona e Shenzhen, Chaena - e bile mofani oa litsebi oa litharollo tsa thepa ea khoebo ea inthanete tse tšelang meeli, e tlisang botebo le ts'epo mohatong o mong le o mong oa ketane ea phepelo ea machabeng.
Sehlopha sa bathehi ba Topway se na le boiphihlelo ba lilemo tse fetang 15 lefatšeng la sebele lefapheng la machaba la thepa le ho tlosa thepa ka har'a naha, haholo-holo pakeng tsa Chaena le lipalangoang tsa US tse seng li fetohile mohlala oa tšebeletso e felletseng bakeng sa lefats'e lohle. Mokhatlo o ka sebetsana le likarolo tsohle tsa ketane ea thepa, ho tloha lipalangoangng tsa lehae tsa pele ho ea polokelong ea thepa e tsoang mose ho maoatle ho isa ho tlosoa ha thepa ka har'a naha ho isa ho romelloeng ha thepa ka har'a naha ho isa ho romelloeng ha thepa ka har'a naha ho fihlela ho romelloeng ha thepa ka mor'a maele a ho qetela. Topway e boetse e fana ka lits'ebeletso tse tenyetsehang tsa thepa ea likepe e tletseng (FCL) le e nang le thepa e ka tlase ho setshelo (LCL) ho tloha Chaena ho ea likoung tse kholo lefatšeng ka bophara bakeng sa likhoebo tse romellang thepa ka ntle ho naha ho ea kapa ho tsoa Europe.
Ha tsela ea Yiwu-Madrid e ntse e ba ea bohlokoa le ho feta 'me likhoebo tse ngata li batla ho sebelisa metsoako ea literene, likepe, kapa mekhoa e mengata ho fetisetsa lihlahisoa lipakeng tsa Chaena le Spain, ho ba bohlokoa le ho feta ho ba le molekane oa thepa ea tsebang haholo ka meetlo 'me a ka bona ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ho tloha qalong ho isa qetellong. Topway Shipping e sebelitse le mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea balaoli ba lipalangoang le meetlo, e leng se etsang hore e be borokho bo tiileng bakeng sa likhoebo tse batlang ho sebelisa menyetla ea khoebo eo tsela ena e ikhethang ea thepa e tsoelang pele ho e bula.
Seo Sena se se Bolelang bakeng sa Likhoebo tsa Khoebo ea E-Tran-Border
Keketseho ea thepa ea terene pakeng tsa Chaena le Europe e bile le tšusumetso e kholo khoebong ea inthanete e tšelang meeli. Bakeng sa barekisi ba Chaena ba romellang thepa limmarakeng tsa Europe le likhoebong tsa Spain ba lekang ho fihlela bareki ba Chaena, terene e fana ka ntho eo thepa ea likepe e sa faneng ka eona kamehla: ho bolela esale pele. Ka linako tse tsitsitseng tsa ho tloha, thepa e ka lateloang, le linako tsa lipalangoang tse ka boleloang esale pele tsa matsatsi a 16 ho isa ho a 18, lifeme tsa khoebo ea inthanete li ka lula li beha leihlo thepa ea tsona hantle ho feta thepa ea leoatleng, moo tieho ea matsatsi a mahlano ho isa ho a 10 e leng khafetsa.
Kgolo ya tsela ya Yiwu-Madrid le yona e potlakisitse ntshetsopele ya ditharollo tsa ho boloka thepa mose ho maoatle. Ha barekisi ba bangata ba Machaena ba kgwebo ya inthanete e tsheletseng meedi ba ntse ba eketsa thepa ya bona haufi le bareki ba Yuropa, ho ntse ho ipiletsa haholo ho kenya matlo a jwalo a polokelo hape ka terene ho ena le ka sefofane. Taba ya hore e theko e tlase ho feta moya le e potlakileng ho feta lewatle e hlahisa fensetere ya thepa e thusang ka ho toba dikgwebo tsa kgwebo ya inthanete tse rekisang diwebsaeteng tse kang Amazon Europe, AliExpress ya Alibaba, le mmaraka wa dijithale wa El Corte Inglés wa Spain.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, bahlahisi ba lijo tsa matsoho ba Spain le Europe, libaka tsa veine, le lik'hamphani tsa thepa ea boleng bo holimo joale li na le mokhoa o bonolo oa ho kena 'marakeng oa khoebo ea inthanete oa Chaena, haholo-holo libakeng tse kang Tmall Global le JD International, moo tlhoko ea thepa ea 'nete ea Europe e ntseng e hola. Tabeng ena, terene ea Yiwu-Madrid ha se feela mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa thepa. Ke meralo ea motheo bakeng sa moloko oohle oa khoebo ea dijithale ea mahlakore a mabeli.
fihlela qeto e
Terene ea thepa ea Yiwu-Madrid e hatetse pele haholo ho tloha ha e qala ho hahuoa e le karolo ea Leano la Belt and Road. E fetohile terene e telele ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea thepa ea thepa ka lilemo tse fetang leshome feela. E boetse e bontšitsoe e le tsela e ntle ea ho thusa khoebo 'me e lebisitse liphetohong tse kholo mabapi le kamoo Chaena le Spain li fumanang, li rekisang le ho sebelisana thepa ea tsona. Lipalo tsena lia hlolla: maeto a 1,800 a ho ea le ho khutla, lik'hontheinara tse 145,500, le thepa ea bohlokoa bo fetang $8 bilione tseleng ea Madrid feela. Empa li pheta karolo feela ea pale.
Phetoho e tebileng ke ea sebopeho: likhoebo mahlakoreng ka bobeli a Eurasia li fetotse tsela eo li sebetsanang le thepa ka eona ka lebaka la tsela ena. Veine ea Spain le oli ea mohloaare joale li foreshe ebile li theko e tlase bakeng sa bareki ba Chaena ho feta pele. Ho nka halofo ea nako bakeng sa liphanele tsa letsatsi tsa Chaena le lisebelisoa tse bohlale ho fihla Madrid ka thepa ea sefofane joalo ka ka thepa ea leoatleng. Motsoako oa thepa o lula o fetoha, o bontša kamoo melemo ea naha ka 'ngoe e bapisoang e fetohang kateng.
Terene ea Yiwu-Madrid ha se khetho e khethehileng kapa teko bakeng sa likhoebo tse hoebang pakeng tsa Chaena le Europe. Ke karolo e hōlileng tsebong, e ntseng e hola, le ea bohlokoa haholoanyane ea boemo ba lefats'e ba thepa ea lefats'e. Ho tseba seo e ka se etsang le seo e ke keng ea se etsa, hammoho le tsela ea eona ea nakong e tlang, le ho sebetsa le litsebi tsa thepa tse tsebang ho sebetsana le eona ke monyetla oa tlholisano o tla hola feela ha khoebo pakeng tsa Chaena le Europe e ntse e hola.
FAQs
P: Terene ea thepa ea Yiwu-Madrid e nka nako e kae ho phethela leeto le le leng?
K: Nako ea hona joale ea lipalangoang ho tloha Yiwu ho ea Madrid ke matsatsi a ka bang 16 ho isa ho a 18. Ka thepa ea sekepe, e nka matsatsi a 35 ho isa ho a 40.
P: Ke mefuta efe ea thepa e ka romelloang ka terene ea Yiwu-Madrid?
K: Lintho tse ngata tse fapaneng lia romelloa, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, likarolo tsa likoloi, liphanele tsa letsatsi, thepa ea bareki, thepa ea ka tlung le lisebelisoa tsa indasteri tse eang bophirima; le veine ea Spain, oli ea mohloaare, ham ea Iberia, litlolo le lihlahisoa tsa lijo tse eang bochabela.
P: Na thepa ea terene e theko e tlase ho feta thepa ea sefofane bakeng sa thepa ea Chaena le Spain?
K: E, e ngata haholo. Hangata thepa ea terene e theko e tlase ho feta thepa ea moea, empa e ntse e nka halofo ea nako ea thepa ea leoatle. Sena se etsa hore e be khetho e loketseng bakeng sa thepa e hlokang ho fihla moo kapele empa e se ea bohlokoa haholo.
P: Na ntoa ea Russia-Ukraine e amme tšebeletso ea terene ea Yiwu-Madrid?
K: Ho tloha ka 2022, tsela ena, e fetang Russia le Belarus, e ntse e hlahlojoa, empa e ntse e bulehile. E le khetho ea ho boloka le ho fapanyetsana, ho ntse ho sebetsoa tsela e 'ngoe e fetang Middle Corridor (Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Georgia le Turkey).
P: Topway Shipping e ka thusa jwang ka thepa ya China-Europe?
K: Topway Shipping e fana ka lits'ebeletso tse felletseng tsa thepa, tse kang lipalangoang tsa pele, ho hlakola thepa ea lekhetho, polokelo ea thepa ea mose ho maoatle, le ho isa thepa ea ho qetela. Ba boetse ba fana ka thepa ea leoatle ea FCL le LCL ho tloha Chaena ho ea likoung tsa bohlokoa tsa lefats'e. Topway e bile khoebong ka lilemo tse fetang 15 'me e hlomeletsoe hantle ho thusa lik'hamphani ho fetisetsa thepa pakeng tsa Chaena le Europe.
