Amaxwebhu okukhupha iCarbon kwi-US-Bound Freight: Kutheni Abathengi Bakho Beqala Ukuyicela
Kukho into ethe yavela kancinci kwindlela abathumeli baseMelika abajonga ngayo ababoneleli babo baphesheya. Umbuzo omtsha uvela ngakumbi kuphando lwabathengisi, iintlanganiso zokufumana kunye nee-imeyile zokuthenga, kunye namaphepha amaxabiso kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso: Ngaba unganikezela ngedatha yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwiimpahla zakho ezithunyelwayo?
Ukuba ungumthumeli-mpahla waseTshayina, umthengisi wempahla okanye umntu othumela impahla eMelika, lo mbuzo usenokubonakala ungaqhelekanga. Awuzange ubonakale. Sisiphumo seminyaka yoxinzelelo lolawulo, iimfuno ze-ESG eziqhutywa ngabatyali-mali kunye nokuhlaziywa okusisiseko kwendlela iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezijonga ngayo umkhondo wazo wothungelwano lokubonelela. Oko bekusoloko kuhlala kwicandelo lokuzinza kwemibutho emikhulu kutshintshele ekuthengeni kwaye intshukumo iyanda.
Le ngxelo ihlola oko ngokwenene kuqhuba imfuno yabathengi yesatifikethi sokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwimpahla esiya e-US, zeziphi iimpepha kunye nemigangatho ebandakanyekayo, indlela imeko-bume yokulawula eyenzeka ngayo kunye noko kufuneka kwenziwe ngabathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina kunye nababoneleli bezothutho ukuze bahlale bekhuphisana. Yenzelwe iingcali, hayi izifundiswa, kwaye isekelwe kumaxesha okwenyani okulawula kunye neepateni zokuthenga ezichaphazela imakethi namhlanje.
Imfuno Iyinyani — Kwaye Ivela Ekuthengeni, Hayi Ezobudlelwane Boluntu
Enye indlela yokufumana ingqiqo yolu tshintsho kukujonga apho uxinzelelo luvela khona. Uninzi lweshumi leminyaka elidlulileyo, izibophelelo zozinzo lwenkampani bezisoloko zisenziwa ngokuzithandela kwaye zikhawulelwe kwiwebhusayithi zenkampani. Abaphathi bozinzo babuze malunga nokukhutshwa komoya, kungekhona abalawuli beenkonzo zombane. Oko kutshintshiwe.
Ngokutsho kophando lweMcKinsey luka-2023, ama-73% abathengi be-B2B ngoku bakhetha ababoneleli abanokubonisa ukusebenza okuphantsi kwekhabhoni. Kutshanje, iZiko lezoThutho kunye noLogistics le-MIT libonise ukuba ama-64% emibutho afaka izalathisi zozinzo kumakhadi abo amanqaku ababoneleli xa kuthelekiswa nama-38% ngo-2020. Ezi azizotshintsho zincinci. Zibonisa utshintsho olucwangcisiweyo kwindlela amaqela okuthenga avavanywa ngayo ngaphakathi - kunye nendlela abathwala ngayo olo xinzelelo lovavanyo ukuya kubaboneleli babo.
Izinto ezimbini ezenzekayo ngaxeshanye ngoku zenza amaqela okuthenga akhathalele. Iinkampani zase-US ezinemisebenzi okanye intengiso kwi-European Union zitsalelwa kwi-EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), efuna ingxelo eneenkcukacha malunga nokukhutshwa kwe-Scope 3, okanye ukukhutshwa kwe-contactly okwenzeka kulo lonke uthotho lwexabiso lenkampani, kuquka uthutho kunye nothutho. Kumthengisi waseMelika othenga iimpahla ezivela eTshayina, umlenze wokuthutha ulwandle ukusuka eShenzhen ukuya eLos Angeles ukwi-Scope 3 ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba inkampani ayikwazi ukuxela, ayinakuthobela i-CSRD.
Kwelinye icala, uMthetho weNkxaso-mali yeNkcukacha zeNkcukacha zeMozulu eCalifornia (SB 253) uza kunyanzela iinkampani ezenza ishishini eCalifornia kwaye zenze ngaphezulu kwebhiliyoni enye yeedola zentengiso ukuba zipapashe ukukhutshwa kwazo kweScope 1 kunye neScope 2 ukususela ngo-2026, ngelixa ukuvezwa kweScope 3 kufuneka kwenzeke ngo-2027. Ngenxa yobukhulu bemarike yaseCalifornia kunye nokufikelela kwehlabathi kweenkampani ezenza ishishini apho, lo mthetho wenqanaba lephondo ngoku sele ube ngumgangatho wesizwe oqhelekileyo kumashishini amakhulu. “Umyalezo oya kubaboneleli ulula. Ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka nokuthumela kwiindawo zethu zokugcina impahla, sifuna amanani akho.
Ukuqonda imeko-bume yoLawulo: Yintoni efunekayo ngokwenene
Uxwebhu lwekhabhoni luzaliswe bubunzima bemithetho, luneenkqubo ezininzi ezihambelanayo, iindawo ezahlukeneyo, amaxesha, kunye neenkqubo zokunyanzelisa umthetho. Esi sisikhokelo esisebenzayo kwimiba ebalulekileyo yokuthutha impahla e-US.
IProtokholi yeGHG kunye noMda wesi-3 Udidi 4
IProtokholi yeGHG ngumgangatho wehlabathi jikelele wokubala iigesi ezigcina ubushushu kwiinkampani. Yahlulahlula ukukhutshwa komoya kube yimida emithathu. Umda 1 uquka ukukhutshwa komoya ngqo kwiimpahla ezigcinwe yinkampani. Umda 2 ngumbane othengiweyo. Umda 3 ngowona unzima kwaye ubaluleke kakhulu kwiindlela zokubonelela, konke kukukhutshwa komoya okungathanga ngqo kwityathanga lexabiso. Ngokukodwa, ukukhutshwa komoya eTshayina ukuya e-US kunye nokukhutshwa komoya ongaphantsi yiMida 3 yoDidi 4 (Uthutho oluPhezulu kunye noSasazo). Xa umthengi ecela idatha yakho yokukhutshwa komoya, uhlala efuna into anokuyifaka kwingxelo yakhe yeMida 3 yoDidi 4.
ISO 14083 kunye ne-GLEC Framework
I-ISO 14083 (2023) imisele umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe wokubala kunye nokuxela ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu obuphezulu ezivela kwimisebenzi yetyathanga lothutho. Ibonelela ngendlela ehambelanayo yokubala i-CO2 ngetoni nganye yeekhilomitha zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho. Kubathumeli-mpahla nababoneleli bezothutho, ukubalwa kokukhutshwa kwegesi okusekelwe kwi-ISO 14083, okanye kwi-Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework, kuya kuba yindlela yokuthembeka. Abathengi bafuna amanani aneendlela ezingasemva kwawo, kungekhona ukuqikelela okuqhelekileyo.
I-California SB 253 kunye neMithetho yokuTyhilwa kweMozulu ye-SEC
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo eyona nkqubo isebenzayo yasekhaya yase-US yokucacisa ukukhutshwa kwemveliso yeketanga lababoneleli yi-SB 253 yaseCalifornia. Phantsi kwesiqendu se-safe harbor, amashishini amakhulu aqhuba ishishini eCalifornia kufuneka aqale ukunika ingxelo nge-Scope 1 kunye ne-Scope 2 ngo-2026, ngelixa ukuvezwa kwe-Scope 3 kufuneka ngo-2027. I-US Securities and Exchange Commission ikwacebise iimfuno zokutyhilwa kwemozulu eziya kufuna ingxelo ngeengozi ezinkulu zemozulu, zongeza uxinzelelo oluvela kubatyali-mali kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Ezi nkqubo zidala imeko apho ukungabikho kwedatha yokukhutshwa kwemveliso ye-logistical kuyingozi kwezorhwebo kubathumeli baseMelika - kwaye ngokongeza, kubaboneleli babo baphesheya.
| Umgaqo-nkqubo/Isakhelo | U lawulo | Imfuneko ephambili | Umhla wokugqibela ofanelekileyo |
| Iprotokholi yeGHG (Umda 3) | Umgangatho wehlabathi | Ingxelo yeSigaba sesi-3 sokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo kwezothutho oluphezulu | Isiseko esiqhubekayo / sokuzithandela |
| ISO 14083 | Umgangatho wehlabathi | Indlela yokubala ukukhutshwa kwempahla esemgangathweni | Isebenza ukusukela ngo-2023 |
| EU CSRD | I-EU / ichaphazela abathengisi baseMelika abathumela kwi-EU | Ukutyhilwa okunyanzelekileyo kweMida yesi-3 kwiinkampani ezinkulu | Iinkampani ezinkulu: 2024–2025 |
| California SB 253 | ECalifornia, e-US | Umda 1 kunye no-2 ngo-2026; Umda 3 ngo-2027 | 2026-2027 |
| Ukuvezwa kweMozulu ye-SEC | I-USA (ecetywayo) | Ingxelo yobungozi bemozulu ebalulekileyo | Uguquko / umthetho ophononongwayo |
| I-EU CBAM | I-EU (impembelelo engathanga ngqo yaseMelika) | Isibhengezo sokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo kwiimpahla ezingenisiweyo | Ukunyanzeliswa ngokupheleleyo komthetho ngo-2026 |
Uxwebhu lweCarbon Emission lubonakala njani xa lusetyenziswa
Abathumeli-mpahla abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba igama elithi “uxwebhu lokukhupha ikhabhoni” livakala lingaqondakali. Enyanisweni, lithetha uluhlu oluthile lwedatha kunye neengxelo zokuba umthumeli okanye umboneleli wezothutho unokuphuhlisa aze anxibelelane nabathengi bakhe. Amaxwebhu aceliweyo kakhulu awela kwiindidi ezintathu.
Eyokuqala yingxelo yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwinqanaba lokuthunyelwa, elinganisa ubungakanani be-CO2 equivalent (CO2e) ekhutshwayo ngexesha lokuthuthwa kwempahla ethile. Kwimpahla yolwandle esuka eTshayina ukuya e-US, oku kuthetha ukuphinda-phinda ubunzima bempahla kunye nomgama ohanjiweyo yi-emission factor (edla ngokumelwa kwiigrama ze-CO2 nge-toni-khilomitha nganye, okanye i-gCO2/ton-km). Isikhongozeli sempahla yolwandle esiqhelekileyo esivela eShenzhen ukuya eLos Angeles simalunga ne-11,000 ukuya kwi-12,000 yeemayile zaselwandle. Kwimpahla ye-10-ton, i-carrier ekhupha i-15-20 gCO2/ton-km ingakhupha phakathi kwe-3.3 ukuya kwi-4.4 metric tons ye-CO2 kuloo mlenze kuphela. Umjikelo wokugqibela wokuhanjiswa - rhoqo ngelori ukusuka kwizibuko ukuya kwindawo yokugqibela - unegalelo lokukhutshwa komoya okongezelelweyo kwaye wenza i-40% ye-CO2 iyonke enxulumene nothutho, ezinye iinkcazo zibonisa.
Okwesibini kukukala kweCarbon Intensity Indicator (CII) kwinqanaba lomthwali. I-International Maritime Organisation (IMO) imisele inkqubo ye-CII enika amanqaku kwiinqanawa zaselwandle ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-E kwi-CO2 yazo ngemayile nganye yempahla. Ukuba inqanawa inomlinganiselo we-D iminyaka emithathu ilandelelana, okanye umgangatho we-E kunyaka omnye, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okulungisa. Ukukala kwe-CII kwenqanawa ethwala impahla yayo kujongwa ngakumbi ngabathumeli njengento emele umgangatho wokukhutshwa kwempahla yabo yaselwandle. Umbuzo malunga nokukala kwe-CII kwenqanawa esetyenzisiweyo ufanelekile ukuba ucelwe ngumthengi ukuba nawuphi na umthengisi wempahla ohloniphekileyo akwazi ukuwuphendula.
Udidi lwesithathu sisishwankathelo sonyaka sezinto ezikhutshwayo, esisisishwankathelo sayo yonke idatha yokukhutshwa kwezinto kwinqanaba lokuthunyelwa kwixesha lokunika ingxelo. Oku kongeza kwinkcazo yonyaka yenkampani yeScope 3. Olu lulwazi abathengi abafaka iingxelo ze-CSRD okanye abalungiselela imfuno yokuthobela imithetho yeCalifornia SB 253 ngendlela ephicothwayo nengqinisisekayo.” Izibalo enye kuphela, ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu eendlela, azanelanga – abathengi kufuneka baqonde indlela amanani afunyenwe ngayo, zeziphi iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nokuba umntu wesithathu uhlolisise indlela yokusebenza.
Inyani Yokuthunyelwa Kweenqanawa Elwandle: Kutheni Ukukhutshwa Kweegesi Kuhluka Ngaphezu Kokuqondwa Ngabathumeli Abaninzi
Indawo engaziwayo kakuhle yokuxela ngekhabhoni yempahla inxulumene nokuba ingakanani igesi ekhutshwayo enokwahluka ngokwendlela, inqanawa, umthwali kwanemeko yezopolitiko kwiindlela zorhwebo. Ukuthuthwa kweekhonteyina zaselwandle kwihlabathi liphela kufikelele kwirekhodi ephezulu kwigesi ekhutshwayo yekhabhoni ngo-2024, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yeenqanawa ezijikeleza iCape of Good Hope emva kokwanda kwengxabano kuLwandle oluBomvu. Umsebenzi wothutho - inani leempahla ngeetoni eziphindaphindwe ngeemayile zaselwandle ezihanjiswayo - linyuke nge-18% ngo-2024 ukusuka kunyaka ophelileyo, ngokutsho kwedatha ekhutshwe yiXeneta kunye neMarine Benchmark, inyusa igesi ekhutshwayo ngokufanelekileyo.
Le mvelaphi ibalulekile kuba ibonisa indlela umthumeli osebenzise ngayo inkampani efanayo kunye nendlela efanayo ngo-2023 nango-2024 anokuba namanani okukhupha umoya ahlukeneyo kakhulu kwiminyaka emibini, ngaphandle kwempazamo yakhe. Umthengi onobuchule kule nkalo uya kufumana umahluko. Kodwa ikwagxininisa ukubaluleka okukhulayo kweqabane lezothutho elinokubala, lichaze kwaye libhale phantsi olu tshintsho.
Ngokwe-IMO's 2023 GHG Strategy, kukho iinjongo eziphakathi zokunciphisa i-carbon intensity ngama-40% ngo-2030 kunye ne-net zero target yexesha elide malunga no-2050. Uthutho lwaselwandle lufakiwe kwi-EU Emissions Trading System, efuna ukuba imigca yokuthutha inikezele ngeemvume ze-carbon - okwangoku zixabisa phakathi kwama-80 ukuya kwi-100 euros ($85-$106) ngetoni nganye ye-metric ye-CO2 - kwisabelo esikhulayo sokukhutshwa kwazo. Ezi ndleko zidluliselwa kubathumeli ngendlela yeCarbon Adjustment Factors kumaxabiso okuthutha. Abo bathuthi abane-CII ratings ephezulu banokuhlawulisa ezinye iindlela zokuhlawula, ngoko ke ukusebenza kokukhutshwa komoya kuba yingxaki ekuthengweni komthwalo, kungekuphela nje kwingxelo yozinzo.
| Imo yezoThutho | I-Emission Factor eqhelekileyo (gCO2/ton-km) | Ubungakanani beCarbon obuhambelanayo | Ixesha lokuHamba (eTshayina ukuya e-US) |
| Uthutho lwaseLwandle (oluqhelekileyo) | 10-20 g | Phantsi | Iintsuku eziyi-25-35 |
| Uthutho lwaseLwandle (Luya kuhanjwa ngokutsha ngeCape) | 20-35 g | Ephantsi–Ephakathi (ixhomekeke kwindlela) | Iintsuku eziyi-35-50 |
| Uloliwe (icandelo laseTshayina-iYurophu) | 20-40 g | phakathi | Iintsuku eziyi-30-45 |
| Uloyiko lomoya | 500-900 g | Phezulu kakhulu | Iintsuku eziyi-3-7 |
| Ilori yeLast-Mile (yasekhaya e-US) | 80-150 g | Iphezulu nge-km nganye | Iintsuku eziyi-1-5 |
Indlela Abathumeli Bempahla BaseTshayina Nabathumeli Bempahla Abafanele Baphendule Ngayo
Umbuzo osebenzayo kuye nawuphi na umthumeli-mpahla waseTshayina okanye umboneleli wezothutho osebenza kwimarike yaseMelika ngulo: wenza ntoni ngokwenene ngale nto? Isisombululo kukudityaniswa kweziseko zophuhliso lwedatha, ubuchule bokubhala amaxwebhu kunye neqabane elifanelekileyo lezothutho.
Inyathelo lokuqala kukuvavanya oko i-trade forwarder yakho ekhoyo inokunikela ngokwenene. Uninzi lwe-trade forwarders okwangoku azinazo iingxelo zokukhupha umoya ezihambelana ne-ISO 14083 kwipotifoliyo yazo yenkonzo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba awukwazi ukunika izibalo ze-CO2 ezikumgangatho wokuthunyelwa kunye nengxelo ecacileyo yendlela yokusebenza, ngumsantsa oza kubonakala ngakumbi njengoko abathengi bakho beqala ukufaka ubungqina bokukhupha umoya kwiimfuno zabo zokuthenga. Ixesha lokuvala umsantsa lingaphambi kokuba ube ngumbandela wesivumelwano ngumthengi.
Isigaba sesibini kukuqinisekisa ulwazi lwangaphakathi ngento abathengi abayicelayo. Izicelo azipheleli nje ekugqibeleleni, zezamanani aqinileyo, axhaswa yindlela yokusebenza anokuhlolwa. Ukubala okubhalwe kakuhle okusekelwe kwizinto ezixeliweyo zokukhupha umbane kuluncedo kakhulu kunokuba kungabikho datha. Ukuba iqabane lakho lezothutho linokubonelela ngenombolo ye-CO2e ngokuthunyelwa nganye ngokusekelwe kwindlela eyaziwayo kwaye liyifake kumaxwebhu akho okuthumela rhoqo, uphambi kwabakhuphisana nabo abaninzi kulo mba.
Okwesithathu yindlela oza kuqhutywa ngayo lo msebenzi. Ukuthutha ngolwandle lolona khetho luphantsi kakhulu lokuthuthwa ngekhabhoni ukusuka eTshayina ukuya e-US, apho izinto ezikhupha umoya ziphantsi ngokuphindwe ngama-25 ukuya kuma-50 kunokuthutha ngomoya ngekhilomitha nganye. Le yinto enkulu ekufuneka iqwalaselwe nangubani na othumela impahla ofuna ukulinganisela iindleko kunye nomthamo wekhabhoni. "Impembelelo enkulu ngokubhekiselele kubunzulu bekhabhoni yokuthutha impahla kulwandle xa kuthelekiswa nomoya. Kwakhona lukhetho oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo oko kubonakala kwingxelo yomthengi yeSigaba sesi-3 seCandelo lesi-4.
Indlela iTopway Shipping eyixhasa ngayo iCarbon-Conscious US-Bound Freight
Yasekwa ngo-2010 kwaye ikwiShenzhen, eTshayina, iTopway Shipping ngumboneleli ophambili wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida zabathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abathumela eYurophu nase-United States. Iqela labasunguli linamava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-15 kwimisebenzi yothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwempahla, ingakumbi kwiindlela zorhwebo zaseTshayina nase-US.
Imodeli yenkonzo yeTopway igubungela lonke uthotho lwezothutho – ukusuka ekuthathweni nasekuhlanganisweni kwezithuthi ukuya ekuthuthweni kolwandle, kumazwe ngamazwe ukugcina, ukususwa kwerhafu kunye nokuhanjiswa kweekhilomitha zokugqibela. Oku kubonakala ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni kubaluleke kakhulu kumaxwebhu ekhabhoni: kuba iTopway ingumnini wohambo lonke lokuthunyelwa (ayidlulisi uxanduva kwiindawo eziphakathi), inokunika idatha edibeneyo yokukhupha ukungcola kuyo yonke imilenze yohambo, kungekuphela nje inxalenye enye.
Le nkampani ibonelela ngemithwalo yolwandle egcweleyo (i-FCL) kunye nemithwalo engaphantsi kwesikhongozeli (i-LCL) evela eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko amakhulu ase-US, inika abathumeli ngaphandle ukuguquguquka kwendlela abathumela ngayo ngelixa besaxhamla ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemithwalo yolwandle. Kwimithwalo emikhulu okanye enzima - imakethi ekhethekileyo apho iTopway idale khona iziseko ezibalulekileyo - imithwalo yolwandle ngamanye amaxesha yeyona ndlela yokwenyani yokuhambisa izinto ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezisi-8 zemetric kwisiqwenga esinye, okanye ezinobukhulu obungaphezulu kweemitha ezisi-8 kwelinye icala. Ezi zezona ndawo apho ubunzima boxwebhu bubaluleke kakhulu kwaye apho ukuba neqabane lempahla eliqondayo izinto zomzimba kunye neemfuno zengxelo kunika ixabiso elikhulu.
Njengoko ulindelo lwabathengi malunga noxwebhu lokukhupha ukungcola luqhubeka lutshintsha, ukuzibophelela kweTopway Shipping ekubonakaleni ngokupheleleyo kunye nemisebenzi elandelekayo, enikwe amandla yitekhnoloji kubonelela ngesakhelo sohlobo lwedatha yokuthunyelwa kwempahla efunwa ngamaqela okuthenga. Umahluko phakathi kokuphumelela kunye nokulahlekelwa zizivumelwano zabathengisi bangaphandle baseTshayina abazama ukuba phambili kukuba bayasebenzisana na nomboneleli wezothutho owenza ukuba izinto zicace gca kube luphawu lwenkonzo ephambili - kungekhona into yokucinga kamva.
Oko Abathengi Baza Kukubuza Ngokwenene - Kwaye Nini
Ngokusebenzisa amaxesha akhoyo omthetho kunye neendlela zokuthenga, nantsi imbono yokwenyani yokuba izicelo zomthengi zephepha lokukhupha ikhabhoni ziya kuba njani kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
Izicelo ezixhaphakileyo ngo-2025 ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2026 ziya kuba zezishwankathelo zonyaka zokukhutshwa kwezinto ezithunyelwayo kunye nedatha yenqanaba lokuthunyelwa kwe-CO2 ukuze kuzaliswe izibhengezo zeSigaba sesi-3 seCandelo lesi-4. Ngokuyintloko zivela kwiinkampani ezinkulu ezichaphazeleka yi-EU okanye imisebenzi eCalifornia. Izicelo ziya kuhlala ziqhutywa ngemibuzo yababoneleli kwiiplatifomu ezifana ne-CDP Supply Chain okanye i-EcoVadis kwaye ekuqaleni ziya kuthatha uqikelelo olusekelwe kwinkcitho oluxhaswa yidatha ethile yabathwali ukuba iyafumaneka.
Eli nqanaba liza kuvulwa ngo-2027 nango-2028. Iinkampani ezigutyungelwe lixesha lokugqibela lokudalulwa kwe-SB 253 ye-Scope 3 ziya kufuna idatha ephicothwayo, exhaswa yindlela yokusebenza kwinqanaba lemveliso okanye lokuthumela. Ukwandiswa kwe-EU CSRD kumashishini angengawo awe-EU kunye nokwehla kweenkqubo zokubonelela ngeenkonzo zamazwe ngamazwe kuthetha ukuba nabathengisi baseTshayina abaphakathi ababonelela ngeenkonzo ezinkulu zaseYurophu okanye zase-US baya kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno ezifanayo. Ngoku lixesha lokwakha iziseko zophuhliso lwedatha, hayi kwiminyaka emibini ukususela ngoku.
Uphononongo lwe-CO2 AI kunye ne-BSR malunga neendlela zokuthenga lubonisa ukuba ngaphaya kowama-2028, isidingo siya kwandisa uthotho lokubonelela nzulu, ngokugubungela ngakumbi ababoneleli benqanaba lesi-2. Iinkampani ezikhoyo ezixela ukukhutshwa komoya ococekileyo ziya kubekwa njengabalingani abakhethekileyo beqhinga kwaye zingabathengisi abanokutshintshwa. Loo mahluko uqhuba imiqathango yesivumelwano, uxinzelelo lwamaxabiso kunye nokuqhubeka kweshishini.
| Ixesha | Oko Abathengi Abanokukucela | Ngubani Ochaphazeleka Kakhulu |
| 2025-2026 | Ububanzi bonyaka 3 Izishwankathelo zeCandelo 4; idatha ye-CO2e yenqanaba lokuthunyelwa; ukulinganiswa kwe-CII yabathwali | Abathengisi abakhulu baseMelika ababandakanyeka kwi-EU okanye imisebenzi yaseCalifornia |
| 2027-2028 | Iingxelo zokuthunyelwa ezihambelana ne-ISO 14083 eziphicothwayo; idatha ye-carbon footprint kwinqanaba lemveliso | Amashishini aphakathi ukuya kwamakhulu aphantsi kwe-SB 253 okanye i-CSRD esezantsi |
| 2028-2030 | Ukhuseleko lomthengisi weTier-2; ukuqinisekiswa kokukhutshwa komoya ngabantu besithathu; Iithagethi zomthengisi ezihambelana ne-SBTi | Uthotho olubanzi lokubonelela; kuquka abathumeli-mpahla abaphakathi kunye nabathumeli-mpahla |
isiphelo
Akusekho ngxaki yozinzo olukhethekileyo ukurekhoda ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwimpahla eya e-US. Le yimeko yokuthengwa kwempahla esebenza ngendlela yayo kwiindlela ezinkulu zokubonelela ngempahla kwaye iya kuthontsiza iye kubathengisi abaphakathi kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu ezayo. Izinto ezilawulayo ezifana neCalifornia SB 253, CSRD, ukutyhilwa kwemozulu ye-SEC kunye neethagethi zokuthunyelwa kwe-IMO ziyangqubana noxinzelelo lwezorhwebo oluvela kubathengi abafuna idatha ethembekileyo nephicothwayo ukuze bazalise iingxelo zabo zeScope 3.
Abathumeli-mpahla baseTshayina kunye nabathumeli-mpahla banethuba lokulungiselela, kodwa akuphelelanga apho. Iinkampani zeziseko zophuhliso lwedatha ezikhethe amaqabane ezothutho akwazi ukuvelisa amaxwebhu okukhupha ukungcola ahambelana ne-ISO, kwaye aphendule ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zabathengi, ziya kuzifumana zikwimeko engcono yorhwebo. Ukuba ulinda de umbuzo ube yimfuneko yesivumelwano, inkqubo iya kuba nokuphazamiseka ngakumbi kwaye ibize kakhulu.
Utshintsho oluya kwiindlela zokubonelela ngekhabhoni alunakuthintelwa. Iimarike zemali, imithetho kunye noxinzelelo olukhulayo lweenkqubo zokuthenga zamazwe ngamazwe ziyayiqhuba le nto. “Ukuze sihlale sikhuphisana kwimarike yaseMelika, kubalulekile ukuba iinkampani zazi ukuba abathengi bacela ntoni, kutheni beyicela kwaye baphendule njani ngedatha ethembekileyo.”
FAQs
Q: Ngaba amasiko aseMelika okwangoku afuna uxwebhu lokukhupha ikhabhoni kwiimpahla ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe?
A: Hayi. I-US Customs and Border Protection ayifuni ukuba kuxelwe ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokuvunywa kokungeniswa kwempahla. Iimfuno zamaxwebhu ezikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku zivela kwimigaqo-nkqubo yokuthenga yecala lomthengi kunye nemigaqo karhulumente/yamazwe ngamazwe esebenza kubangenisi ngokwabo, kungekhona kwinkqubo yerhafu. Kodwa oko kunokutshintsha njengoko izikhokelo zikarhulumente wase-US zokubhengeza imozulu zitshintsha.
Q: Uthini umahluko phakathi koMda woku-1, uMda 2, kunye noMda wesi-3 okhutshwayo?
A: Ububanzi 1 buquka ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwa yinkampani okanye ezilawulwa yiyo, kuquka ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwa yinkampani, kuquka ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwa yinkampani. Ububanzi 2 bukukhutshwa kwezinto ezingathanga ngqo ezivela kumandla athengiweyo, njengamandla akwindawo yokugcina impahla. Ububanzi 3 bugubungela zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo ezingathanga ngqo ngekhonkco lexabiso kwaye buquka impahla eqeshwa yinkampani ukuthutha iimpahla. Uninzi lwabangenisi bempahla luya kuba noBungakanani 3 Udidi 4 (Uthutho oluPhezulu kunye noSasazo) lwempahla yolwandle esuka eTshayina ukuya e-US.
Q: Ibalwa njani i-CO2 ekhutshwa yimpahla yolwandle?
A: Oku kudla ngokubalwa ngokuphindaphinda ubunzima bokuthunyelwa (ngeetoni) ngomgama ohanjiweyo (ngeekhilomitha) nge-emission factor yenqanawa (iigram ze-CO2 nge-toni-khilomitha). Umzekelo, ukuthunyelwa kweetoni ezili-10 ezihamba i-18,000 km kwinqanawa ene-emission factor ye-15 gCO2/ton-km kuya kukhupha malunga neetoni ze-2.7 ze-metric ze-CO2. Inani lokwenyani lixhomekeke kuhlobo lwenqanawa, i-load factor kunye nohambo. Oku kwenziwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo nephicothwayo ngokweemfuno zendlela ezibonelelwe yi-ISO 14083 kunye ne-GLEC Framework.
Q: Yintoni i-CII rating kwaye ingaba iyayichaphazela imithwalo yam?
A: I-Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) sisikimu sokulinganisa esiphuhliswe yi-IMO, esilinganisa iinqanawa zaselwandle ngesikali ukusuka ku-A (eyona ilungileyo) ukuya ku-E (embi kakhulu) ngokweemveliso zazo ze-CO2 ngeyunithi nganye yomzamo wokuthutha. Iinqanawa ezinereyithingi ye-D iminyaka emithathu okanye ireyithingi ye-E unyaka wonke zifuna izicwangciso zokulungisa ezinyanzelekileyo ezichaphazela ukufumaneka kwazo kokusebenza. Kubathumeli, ukusetyenziswa kweenqanawa ezinereyithingi ye-CII ephezulu ngokubanzi kukhokelela kwiziphumo eziphantsi zokukhupha umbane kwiimpahla zazo, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kwingxelo ye-Scope 3. Abathengi abaninzi sele beqala ukubuza malunga neereyithingi ze-CII zeenqanawa eziqeshwe kwimisebenzi yothutho yababoneleli babo.
Q: I-Topway Shipping inokunceda njani ngoxwebhu lokukhupha ikhabhoni?
A: I-Topway Shipping iphatha lonke uthotho lwezinto ezivela eTshayina ukuya e-US, igubungela ukuthuthwa kwempahla, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla elwandle, ukugcinwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukucutshungulwa kwempahla, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla okukhawulezileyo. Olu luvo luvumela ukuba ukukhutshwa kwempahla kulandelelwe kuzo zonke iindlela zokuthutha. Kwabathumeli bempahla abaqala ukubona iimfuno zabathengi zedatha yekhabhoni, lithuba elikhulu lokusebenza kunye neqabane lezothutho elisebenza ngokukhululekileyo kulo lonke uthotho - kwaye linokuxhasa iimfuno zamaxwebhu njengoko imigangatho yengxelo ikhula.
