Ukumakishwa kwe-CE kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eTshayina ePortugal: Okufunekayo
intshayelelo
Ukuba ungumthengisi we-intanethi waseTshayina okanye umthengisi we-intanethi onqumla imida ofuna ukuthengisa ePortugal, kufuneka wazi ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukumakishwa kwe-CE. Yinto ephambili yokungena. IPortugal lilungu elipheleleyo leManyano yaseYurophu kunye neNdawo yoQoqosho yaseYurophu (EEA), ngoko ke inemithetho efanayo yokuhambelana kwemveliso njengeminye i-EU. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpahla ezithunyelwa zivela eTshayina kufuneka zibe nophawu lwe-CE olusebenzayo ngaphambi kokuba zithengiswe ngokusemthethweni ePortugal, kwi-intanethi, okanye ngeendlela zasekuhlaleni.
Uphawu lwe-EU lwe-Conformite Europeenne (CE) kunye nophawu ngamanye amaxesha olubizwa ngokuba yi-"China Export" zifana kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza esi sihloko sibe nzima kunokuba sibonakala. IKhomishini yaseYurophu icacisile ukuba akukho phawu lusemthethweni lwe-"China Export" njengomgangatho olawulayo, kodwa kusekho ukudideka okukhulu kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. I-Customs iye yamisa, yahlawulisa, okanye yasusa iimveliso ezinemilinganiselo engalunganga okanye iimpawu ze-CE ezingafakwanga ngokuchanekileyo. Kubathengisi baseTshayina, ukwazi umahluko kunye nendlela yonke yokuthobela imithetho akupheleli nje ekubeni yindlela engcono, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqhuba ishishini ePortugal nakwamanye amazwe e-EU.
Eli nqaku lichaza ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yintoni uphawu lwe-CE, zeziphi iimveliso eziludingayo, indlela yokungenisa izinto ePortugal, kunye nendlela amaqabane angoochwephesha bezothutho afana neTopway Shipping anokwenza ngayo lonke uthotho lokuhambisa lusebenze kakuhle ukusuka eShenzhen ukuya eLisbon.
Yintoni i-CE Marking - kwaye yintoni engeyiyo
I-Conformite Europeenne, ethetha “i-European Conformity” ngesiFrentshi, yinto emele igama le-CE. Ngaphambi kokuba ezinye iintlobo zeemveliso zithengiswe naphi na kwi-EEA, equka onke amazwe angama-27 angamalungu e-EU (kuquka nePortugal), kufuneka zibe nophawu lokuhambelana olugunyazisiweyo. Olu phawu aluyositampu esivela kurhulumente esithi iimpahla zilungile okanye ibheji yokugqwesa. Endaweni yoko, sisivakalisi somenzi, esisiqinisekiso sokuba imveliso ihlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho yezempilo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusingqongileyo ye-EU.
Ileyibhile ye-CE ithetha ukuba umntu ophetheyo, nokuba ngumvelisi wokuqala waseTshayina, umngenisi we-EU, okanye ummeli ogunyazisiweyo, wenze uvavanyo lokuhambelana olufunekayo, wahlanganisa idosi yobugcisa, waza wasayina iSibhengezo se-EU sokuVumelana (i-DoC). Nje ukuba loo nkqubo yenziwe ngokuchanekileyo, uphawu lwe-CE lungafakwa kwimveliso, kwaye ingahamba ngokukhululekileyo phakathi kwawo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EEA ngaphandle kokufuna ukuqinisekiswa kwakhona kwinqanaba lesizwe.
Ukudideka okukhulu malunga ne-"China Export" kuvela kwiimpazamo kwilogo ngokwayo. Kukho indawo ethile phakathi koonobumba u-C no-E kwisimboli esisemthethweni se-CE. Xa oonobumba besondelelene kakhulu, isiphumo sibonakala njengophawu olwahlukileyo olujikeleza kwi-intanethi olubizwa ngokuba yi-"China Export." IKhomishini yaseYurophu iwujongile lo mba kwaye ayifumananga bungqina bophawu olusemthethweni lwe-Chinese Export; ingxaki ikakhulu kukuchwetheza okubi, hayi ubuqhetseba obucwangcisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo kubathumeli ngaphandle siyafana: ukuba ilogo yakho ye-CE ayihlangabezani nobukhulu kunye nobungakanani obufunekayo, amasiko anokumisa, abeke uphawu, okanye alamkele iimpahla zakho.
Zeziphi iimveliso ezifuna uphawu lwe-CE xa zithunyelwa ePortugal
Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zeemveliso ekufuneka zibe neelebheli ze-CE. Imiyalelo neMimiselo yeNdlela eNtsha ye-EU, egubungela iindidi ezithile zeemveliso, yiyo eyenza ukuba le mfuneko ibe yimfuneko. Okwangoku kukho imithetho nemiyalelo yokumakisha i-CE engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu esebenzayo kwi-EU. Kwiinkampani zaseTshayina ezifuna ukuthengisa ePortugal, iindidi ezibaluleke kakhulu zezi:
| Udidi lweMveliso | Imiyalelo/uMgaqo oSebenzayo | Iimfuno eziphambili |
| Electronics Consumer | Imiyalelo yeVolthi ephantsi (2014/35/EU), Imiyalelo ye-EMC (2014/30/EU) | Ukhuseleko lombane, ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic |
| Izixhobo ezingenazingcingo/zerediyo | Isikhokelo seRadiyo yezixhobo (RED) 2014/53 / EU | Izixhobo ze-WiFi, i-Bluetooth, i-LTE, kunye ne-5G |
| zokudlala | Umyalelo woKhuseleko lweToy (2009/48/EC) | Ukhuseleko lomzimba, loomatshini, nolweekhemikhali |
| Amashishini | UMyalelo ngoomatshini (2006/42/EC) | Uvavanyo lomngcipheko, amaxwebhu obuchwephesha |
| Izixhobo zonyango | I-MDR (EU) 2017/745 | Kufuneka ukubandakanyeka komzimba okwaziwayo |
| Isixhobo sokuKhusela | Ummiselo wePPE (EU) 2016/425 | Kufuneka isiqinisekiso somntu wesithathu |
| Iimveliso zokwakha | Ummiselo weeMveliso zoKwakha (EU) 305/2011 | Ubhengezo lokuSebenza luyimfuneko |
| Izixhobo zeKhemikhali/zoMbane | Isikhokelo seRoHS (2011/65 / EU) | Ukuthintelwa kwezinto ezinobungozi |
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uphawu lwe-CE lufuneka kuphela kwiimveliso eziwela phantsi komyalelo omnye ofanelekileyo. Umthetho we-EU ukwathi awunakubeka uphawu lwe-CE kwimveliso engayidingiyo. Abathengisi baseTshayina kufuneka bajonge ngononophelo ukuba yeyiphi imithetho esebenza kwimveliso yabo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kusebenza imithetho engaphezulu komnye ngexesha elinye. Umzekelo, ithoyi ye-elektroniki inokufuneka ilandele i-RoHS Directive, i-Low Voltage Directive, kunye ne-Toy Safety Directive ngexesha elinye.
Inkqubo yokuthobela ukuMakisha kwe-CE: Inyathelo ngeNyathelo
IKhomishini yaseYurophu ichaza uphawu lwe-CE njengenkqubo enamanqanaba amathandathu, kwaye kubathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina, inyathelo ngalinye lithwala ubunzima obusemthethweni. Ukuba wenza impazamo nangaliphi na ixesha, lonke isatifikethi linokuba lilize, kwaye imakethi ingasilandula ngexabiso eliphezulu.
Inyathelo 1: Chonga Imiyalelo Efanelekileyo
Inyathelo lokuqala kukuqinisekisa ukuba uyazi ukuba yeyiphi imithetho nemiyalelo ye-EU esebenza kwiimpahla zakho. Oku akulula rhoqo kuba akukho siseko sedatha se-EU esinye esidibanisa iintlobo zeemveliso nomthetho osebenza kuzo. Abathumeli ngaphandle kufuneka bajonge kwiBlue Guide ye-EU, bajonge isiseko sedatha se-TARIC, okanye baqeshe ingcali yokuthobela imithetho ukuze babone ukuba yeyiphi inkqubo yomthetho ehambelana nayo imveliso yabo.
Inyathelo lesi-2: Jonga iiMfuno ezithile zeSikhokelo ngasinye
Yonke imiyalelo inemithetho ebalulekileyo yoyilo, ukusebenza, ukhuseleko, kunye nendlela imveliso eza kuyichaphazela ngayo imeko-bume. Abavelisi kufuneka bazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi iimfuno zemiyalelo nganye. I-Official Journal of the EU ipapasha imigangatho yaseYurophu ehambelanayo (imigangatho ye-EN). Ukuhlangabezana nale migangatho yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba uyayithobela.
Inyathelo lesi-3: Vavanya ukuba ingaba kufuneka na iZiko eliXelelweyo
Abavelisi banokuziqinisekisa iimveliso ezinomngcipheko ophantsi besebenzisa iModule A (ulawulo lwangaphakathi lwemveliso). Oku kuthetha ukuba bazenzela uvavanyo lwabo, bahlanganise idosi yobugcisa, baze bakhuphe iSibhengezo sokuVumelana. Kwizinto eziyingozi ngakumbi, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zokuzikhusela, kunye nezinye iintlobo zoomatshini, kufuneka ngokomthetho ukuba iBhunga eliNikezelweyo elivunyiweyo yi-EU (umbutho wovavanyo kunye nesiqinisekiso somntu wesithathu) libandakanyeke. Ngaphambi kokuba uphawu lwe-CE lubekwe, amaBhunga aNikezelweyo kufuneka enze iiMviwo zoHlobo lwe-EU kwaye anike amaSatifikethi okuVumelana.
Inyathelo lesi-4: Vavanya iMveliso kwaye uqokelele ifayile yobuchwephesha
Uvavanyo kufuneka lubonise ukuba zonke iimfuno ezibalulekileyo zifezekisiwe. Ifayile yobugcisa kufuneka iquke olu lwazi, olufana neenkcazo zemveliso, imizobo yoyilo, iingxelo zovavanyo, uvavanyo lomngcipheko, imigangatho ehambelanayo esetyenzisiweyo, kunye nolwazi malunga nenkqubo yovavanyo lokuhambelana. Kufuneka ugcine le fayile ubuncinane iminyaka elishumi emva kokuba imveliso yokugqibela ithengisiwe, kwaye kufuneka uyinike abasemagunyeni xa beyicela.
Inyathelo lesi-5: Khupha iSibhengezo sokuVumelana ne-EU
ISibhengezo se-EU sokuVumelana (i-DoC) luxwebhu olusemthethweni olusayinwa ngumvelisi okanye yiarhente yakhe egunyazisiweyo ye-EU. Ithi imveliso iyahlangabezana nayo yonke imithetho nemigaqo ye-EU esebenza kuyo. I-DoC kufuneka ibe nolwazi oluthile olufunekayo, olufana negama lomenzi, inkcazo yemveliso, uluhlu lwemiyalelo efanelekileyo, iireferensi kwimigangatho evunyelanisiweyo esetyenzisiweyo, kunye notyikityo olusemthethweni.
Inyathelo lesi-6: Ncamathisela uphawu lwe-CE
Uphawu lwe-CE lungafakwa kwimveliso emva kokuba zonke izigaba ezingentla zigqityiwe. Uphawu kufuneka lucace, kube lula ukulufunda, kwaye lube luhlala luhleli. Kufuneka lube nobude obuyi-5mm ubuncinane kwaye lube nendawo efanelekileyo phakathi koonobumba u-C no-E. Kulapho iilogo ezingengobukhulu obufanelekileyo zibangela iingxaki. Ukuba awukwazi ukubeka uphawu lwe-CE ngqo kwimpahla, kufuneka lube kwiphakheji okanye kumaphepha ahamba nalo.
Iimfuneko Ezithile Zokungenisa Izinto ZaseTshayina Ezithe Ngqo ePortugal
Ukongeza ekulandeleni imithetho yokumakisha i-CE, abathumeli-mpahla baseTshayina abathumela iimpahla ePortugal kufuneka bahlangabezane neseti echanekileyo yemirhumo, irhafu, kunye neembopheleleko zamaphepha kumda. IPortugal ithobela imigangatho yemirhumo ye-EU, kodwa ikwanayo nemithetho yayo enyanzeliswa yiGunya leRhafu neMirhumo lasePortugal (Autoridade Tributaria e Aduaneira, okanye i-AT).
Ukwahlulwahlulwa kweMithetho kunye neTARIC
I-Combined Nomenclature (CN) ye-EU yinkqubo yekhowudi yerhafu enamanani asibhozo ekufuneka isetyenziswe zizo zonke iimpahla ezifika ePortugal zivela eTshayina. Ikhowudi ye-TARIC, emele "i-Integrated Tariff," yenziwe ngamanye amanani amabini. Inolwazi malunga neerhafu, amanyathelo okulwa nokulahla impahla, iikowuta, kunye nezinye izixhobo zomgaqo-nkqubo worhwebo. Iimpahla ezivela eTshayina zisenokufuneka zihlawule iindleko eziqhelekileyo zamazwe esithathu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, iirhafu zokulwa nokulahla impahla ezenza ukungenisa impahla kubize kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba zithumele iimpahla zazo, abathumeli ngaphandle kufuneka bajonge iikhowudi zemveliso yabo kwisiseko sedatha se-TARIC.
Uvavanyo lweRhafu kunye nokubalwa kweRhafu
Indlela ye-CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight) isetyenziswa yiPortugal ukufumanisa ukuba ingakanani irhafu yerhafu ekufuneka ihlawuliswe. Oku kuthetha ukuba isiseko serhafu siquka ixabiso leemveliso, iindleko zokuthumela, kunye neendleko ze-inshurensi ukuya kumda wasePortugal. Abathengisi baseTshayina kufuneka bazi oku kakuhle kuba iindleko zokuthumela ezinkulu zinyusa ngokuthe ngqo isiseko serhafu yerhafu yerhafu, kwaye ngenxa yoko, nokubalwa kwe-VAT.
| Uhlobo lweRhafu/lweNtlawulo | izinga | Isiseko | amaNqaku |
| UMrhumo weCustoms | Iyahluka (0–12%+) | CIF ixabiso | Ngokusekelwe kwikhowudi ye-HS kunye ne-TARIC; i-anti-dumping ingasebenza |
| I-VAT (IVA) — Esemgangathweni | 23% | Irhafu yeCIF + yeRhafu | Isetyenziswa kwiimpahla ezininzi; inokufumaneka kwakhona ngamashishini abhaliswe kwi-VAT |
| I-VAT (IVA) — Ephakathi | 13% | Irhafu yeCIF + yeRhafu | Ukutya okuthile, iimveliso zezolimo, iinkonzo zehotele |
| I-VAT (IVA) — Yehlisiwe | 6% | Irhafu yeCIF + yeRhafu | Izinto ezibalulekileyo, iincwadi, amayeza athile |
| Irhafu yeeMpahla zeDijithali | 3% | Ixabiso lentengiselwano | Intsha ukususela ngoJanuwari 2025 kwiinkonzo zedijithali/iimpahla ze-elektroniki |
| De Minimis Threshold | EUR 175 | Ixabiso elichaziweyo | Ukuthunyelwa okungaphantsi kwale kungafanelekela unyango olulula |
Ukukhawuleza kwePortugal ukuya kwi-customs digitalization yinto ephambili eza kwenzeka ngo-2025. I-eAduana portal kufuneka ibe sele isebenza ngokupheleleyo kwikota yesithathu ka-2025. Oku kuya kuyikhawulezisa kakhulu inkqubo yokukhupha iimpahla ezihambelanayo nezifayilishwe ngedijithali. Abathumeli-mpahla kunye neenkampani zezothutho ezitshintshela kule ndlela yedijithali-first ziya kukwazi ukucubungula izinto ngokukhawuleza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, amaxesha okukhupha iimpahla ezithunyelweyo sele ehla ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48.
Inombolo ye-EORI kunye nabaqhubi bezoqoqosho abagunyazisiweyo
Ukuze badlule kwiindleko zempahla ePortugal, abathumeli bempahla abangaphandle kwe-EU kunye nabameli babo abakwi-EU kufuneka babe nenombolo ye-EORI (Ubhaliso kunye nokuZichaza kwabaSebenzi bezoQoqosho). Ukuba inkampani yaseTshayina ayinayo indawo kwi-EU, indlela eqhelekileyo yokwenza ishishini kukujongana nomthumeli wempahla obhalisiweyo wasePortugal okanye wase-EU onenombolo ye-EORI. Kwabathumeli bempahla abaninzi, ukufumana imeko ye-Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) lolunye ukhetho olunokukhawulezisa ukucutshungulwa kweendleko zempahla.
Imfuneko yoMmeli we-EU
Phantsi kwemithetho yokhuseleko lwemveliso ye-EU, ingakumbi uMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lweMveliso Jikelele owaqala ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngo-2024, abavelisi abaneenkampani ezingaphandle kwe-EU kufuneka babize uMntu onoxanduva okanye uMsebenzi wezoQoqosho osekwe kwi-EU kwiindidi ezininzi zemveliso eziphawulwe nge-CE. Lo mntu okanye iqela linoxanduva ngokusemthethweni lokuqinisekisa ukuba amaphepha okuthobela imithetho ayafumaneka, ukusebenza nabasemagunyeni bokubeka esweni imakethi, kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa xa kuyimfuneko. Kubathengisi baseTshayina, oku kudla ngokuquka ukuqesha iarhente yokuthobela imithetho okanye umsasazi oneenkampani eziphethe ePortugal okanye kwelinye ilizwe le-EU ukwenza oku.
Iimpazamo Eziqhelekileyo Ezenziwa Ngabathumeli Bamanye Amazwe baseTshayina
Idatha malunga norhwebo phakathi kwe-EU kunye namazwe angamalungu ayo, afana nePortugal, kwiminyaka eliqela ibonisa ukuba abathengisi baseTshayina baphula imithetho rhoqo. Ukwazi ngezi ngxaki kwangaphambili kunokonga ixesha elininzi kunye nemali.
Abantu badla ngokwenza impazamo yokucinga ukuba uphawu lwe-CE oluvela kwimveliso endala okanye imodeli efanayo lusebenza ngoko nangoko kwimveliso entsha. Ukuthobela i-CE kwahlukile kwimveliso nganye. Ukuba uyilo, iinxalenye, isoftware, okanye imeko yokusetyenziswa iyatshintsha, uvavanyo olutsha lokuthobela lunokufuneka. Uninzi lwabathumeli ngaphandle baxuba imigangatho yesizwe saseTshayina (efana nesiqinisekiso seCCC) nemigangatho ehambelanayo ye-EU. Le ayifani kwaye ayinakusetyenziswa endaweni yomnye nomnye.
Ukubhala uphawu lwe-CE olungalunganga yingxaki ebanzi ngendlela emangalisayo. Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngaphambili, isithuba esifunekayo sophawu lwe-CE sibalulekile. I-Customs iye yabamba ukuthunyelwa kwezinto kuba iilogo zincinci kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-5mm), zisondelelene kakhulu, okanye zikwiindawo apho zingenakubonwa okanye zifundwe khona. Le yimpazamo enokulungiswa, kodwa kufuneka yenziwe ngaphambi kokuba iimpahla ziphume kwisityalo.
Enye ingxaki eqhelekileyo ziifayile zobugcisa ezingaphelelanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, abavelisi baseTshayina benza nje amaphepha xa beceliwe, kungekhona ngaphambi koko. Kodwa umthetho we-EU uthi ifayile zobugcisa mayibe ilungile ngaphambi kokuba uphawu lwe-CE lubekwe kwisixhobo nangaphambi kokuba luthengiswe kwi-EU. Ukuba amagosa asePortugal okanye amagosa okujonga imarike acela amaxwebhu aze angafumaneki, imveliso inokuthathwa okanye ibuyiselwe.
Okokugqibela, uninzi lwabathumeli-mpahla kwamanye amazwe abacingi ukuba iSibhengezo sokuVumelana noMthetho sixwebhu olubaluleke kakhulu. Sisitatimende somthetho ekufuneka siquke ulwazi oluthile. Umthetho we-EU awuwamkeli uxwebhu oluqhelekileyo okanye olungekho sesikweni, okanye olusayinwe ngumntu ongafanelekanga. Ngenxa yokuba ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yerhafu ePortugal kungqongqo kwaye i-EU inenkqubo yokugcina iliso kwimarike, ezi mpazamo zamaphepha zinokuba nemiphumo emibi kwezomthetho nakwezemali.
Ukumakishwa kwe-CE vs. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweTshayina: Ukucacisa ukudideka
Ekubeni ukudideka kwe-CE/China Export kuvela rhoqo kwiimagazini zorhwebo, kwimidiya yoluntu, nakwiingxoxo zepalamente, kubalulekile ukuthetha ngako ngokuthe ngqo. Ngo-2024, iPalamente yaseYurophu yaveza lo mba, isithi ezi mpawu zimbini zibonakala zifana kakhulu kangangokuba ziyabadida abathengi kunye namagosa okungenisa impahla. Umbuzo wePalamente waphawula ukuba akukho nto ingako inokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthintela abantu ekusebenziseni kakubi uphawu lwe-CE kuba alulo uphawu lwentengiso lwe-EU.
EPortugal nakwezinye iindawo ze-EEA, uphawu olusemthethweni kuphela lwabathumeli ngaphandle baseTshayina luphawu lwe-Conformite Europeenne lwe-EU. Ukusebenzisa naluphi na uphawu olungalandeli ifomathi yokumakisha ye-CE, nokuba ngabom okanye ngempazamo, kubeka umthumeli ngaphandle kunye nomthumeli we-EU emngciphekweni wokujeziswa. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala ukhuselekile kukusebenzisa iifayile zophawu lwe-CE ezisemthethweni kwiwebhusayithi yeKhomishini yaseYurophu ngobukhulu obufanelekileyo kwaye ujonge ukuba ukuprintwa okanye ukulebhelisha kwibhetshi nganye yeemveliso kuyahlangabezana neemfuno.
| uphawu | CE (iConformite Europeanenne) | I-CE (Ifomathi engafanelekanga / Engachanekanga) |
| Imeko yezomthetho e-EU/Portugal | Yamkelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye iyimfuneko ngokusemthethweni | Akukho sikhundla sisemthethweni; isiseko sesenzo sokunyanzelisa |
| Oko Ikubonisayo | Ukhuseleko, impilo, kunye nokuthobela imithetho ye-EU | Akukho nto — ayilophawu lomthetho olwaziwayo |
| Ngubani Oyikhuphayo | Umenzi/umngenisi emva kovavanyo olufanelekileyo lokuhambelana | Akukho mbutho ukhuphayo — ayilophawu olusemthethweni |
| Isithuba Esibonakalayo | Umsantsa omiselweyo phakathi kuka-C no-E | Oonobumba basondelelene kakhulu; imilinganiselo engalunganga |
| Ubude obuncinci | Kufuneka i-5mm | N / A |
| Uxwebhu olufunekayo | Ifayile yobugcisa, i-DoC, iingxelo zovavanyo | Akukho (akukho ndlela yokuthobela imithetho ekhoyo) |
| Ukwamkelwa kweMithetho | Ewe, kunye noxwebhu olusebenzayo lokuthobela imithetho | Hayi — kunokubangela ukuba uvalelwe okanye ungamkelwa |
Indlela iTopway Shipping exhasa ngayo uthutho lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe phakathi kweTshayina nePortugal
Ukuthobela uphawu lwe-CE kukulandela imithetho yokuthumela iimpahla ezivela eTshayina ukuya ePortugal, kodwa uthutho lokuhambisa impahla luyinkimbinkimbi ngokufanayo. Yonke inxalenye yekhonkco lokubonelela, ukusuka kumgangatho wokuvelisa eGuangdong okanye eZhejiang ukuya kwindawo yokugcina impahla eLisbon okanye ePorto, kufuneka icwangciswe kwaye yenziwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kungabikho kulibaziseka, monakalo, okanye iindleko ezongezelelweyo.
I-Topway Shipping, eseShenzhen, eTshayina, ibingumnikezeli weengcali wezisombululo ze-e-commerce eziwela imida ukususela ngo-2010. I-Topway inamava amaninzi kwindlela ye-China-Europe kuba iqela layo eliyisunguleyo lisebenze kwi-logistics yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokususwa kwerhafu kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-15. Le nkampani igxile kakhulu kwi-China kunye nezothutho zase-US, iinkonzo zayo ziquka amazibuko abalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka iLeixoes (Porto) kunye neLisbon, ezizizikhululo ezimbini eziphambili ze-container ePortugal.
Iinkonzo zeTopway zigubungela lonke uthotho lwezinto ezithuthwayo, ngoko ke yindawo enye yokuthumela izinto kwamanye amazwe aseTshayina abafuna ukuthumela izinto ezine-CE ePortugal. Le nkampani inyamekela uthutho lokuqala oluvela kumzi-mveliso okanye kwindawo yokugcina impahla eTshayina, phesheya kwezilwandle. ukugcina (okubaluleke kakhulu kubathengisi be-e-commerce abafuna ukwaneliseka okusekelwe kwi-EU ukuze bahlangabezane nolindelo lokuhanjiswa kwabathengi basePortugal kunye ne-EU ngokubanzi), ukususwa kwerhafu ngeenkqubo zerhafu zasePortugal kunye ne-EU, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla kubathengi okanye kwiindawo zokusasaza ePortugal.
I-Topway inikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthutha ulwandle eziguquguqukayo ezine-full-container-load (FCL) kunye ne-less-than-container-load (LCL) ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kumazibuko aphambili kwihlabathi liphela kumashishini athumela iimpahla ezininzi. Iinkonzo zokudibanisa i-LCL zivumela abathengisi be-e-commerce abawela imida ukuba benze uphawu lwabo kwimarike yasePortugal ngokuthumela imithwalo emincinci enokwandiswa njengoko inkampani isanda. Ezinye iindlela ze-FCL zinika abathengisi abathengisa kakhulu indawo ebekelwe iikhonteyina kunye namaxesha okuhamba athembekileyo kunye namaxabiso.
Ulwazi lweTopway malunga nokususwa kwempahla yerhafu lubaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yokuthobela imithetho ye-CE. Abathengisi bempahla yerhafu abanamava bayazi ukuba amaphepha afunekayo kwimpahla yerhafu yasePortugal, njengeSibhengezo se-EU sokuThotyelwa kweMithetho, iifayile zobugcisa, kunye nokubekwa ngokuchanekileyo kophawu lwe-CE. Basenokubona iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ukulibaziseka okubizayo. Kwabathengisi bangaphandle baseTshayina abanokungaqhelanga ukulandela imithetho ye-EU, ukusebenzisana neqabane lezothutho elaziyo zombini inkqubo yokuthumela impahla yaseTshayina kunye nemithetho yokungenisa impahla yasePortugal yinzuzo enkulu yokusebenza.
Ukwakha iShishini lokuThumela ngaphandle eliZinzileyo phakathi kweTshayina nePortugal
IPortugal iye yaba yindlela enomtsalane ngakumbi yokuba iimpahla zaseTshayina zingene kwimarike ye-EU. Ngenxa yokuba lilizwe elikwizibuko le-Atlantic eliseNtshona Yurophu elineziseko zorhwebo ezilungileyo kunye nokufikelela kwimarike ye-EU, lisango elihle. Kubathengisi baseTshayina abenza ushishino ngaphesheya kwemida, inani elikhulayo labathengi abakwi-intanethi ePortugal, kunye neenethiwekhi zokufezekisa izinto ze-EU ezenza kube lula ukuhambisa izinto, zibonelela ngamathuba okwenyani exesha elide.
Ukuze ugcine elo thuba, kufuneka ubone ukuthobela uphawu lwe-CE njengenkqubo eqhubekayo endaweni yokucofa kube kanye. Imithetho ye-EU iyahluka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umzekelo, uMgaqo-nkqubo woKhuseleko lweMveliso Jikelele, utshintsho kwi-Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, kunye notshintsho olulindelekileyo kwezinye imiyalelo kuthetha ukuba imithetho yeentlobo ezithile zeemveliso inokutshintsha. Abathengisi baseTshayina abamisela iinkqubo zophononongo lwangaphakathi lokuthobela imithetho, bagcine iifayile zabo zobugcisa zihlaziyiwe, kwaye bahlakulele ubudlelwane obuqinileyo neearhente ezisekwe kwi-EU kunye neengcali zokuthobela imithetho baya kulungela ngcono ukuziqhelanisa.
Ukwakha ubudlelwane obuthembekileyo bokuthuthwa kwempahla kunye nokususwa kwempahla kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo yexesha elide kwicala lezothutho. Ukuba neendlela ezifanayo zokuthumela impahla, iimfuno zamaphepha, kunye nonxibelelwano nabathengisi bempahla kunciphisa amathuba okulibaziseka okanye iingxaki zokuthobela imithetho ezivela ngequbuliso. Njengoko i-portal ye-eAduana yasePortugal iqala ukusebenza, abathumeli ngaphandle kunye namaqabane abo empahla akulungeleyo ukungena kwi-intanethi baya kukwazi ukuhlawula iimpahla zabo ngokukhawuleza nangokuqiniseka ngakumbi.
isiphelo
Ukuthumela ngaphandle ukusuka eTshayina ukuya ePortugal lithuba elihle leshishini, kodwa kukho imithetho engqongqo ekufuneka ilandelwe. Ukumakishwa kwe-CE yeyona mfuneko incinci. Iimveliso ezikufunayo azinakungena ngokusemthethweni kwimarike yasePortugal okanye ye-EU ngaphandle kwayo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukufumana imiyalelo efanelekileyo, ukwenza uvavanyo lokuhambelana olufanelekileyo, ukuhlanganisa ifayile yobugcisa esemthethweni, ukubhala iSibhengezo sokuVumelana esisemthethweni, kunye nokufaka uphawu lwe-CE olunobukhulu obufanelekileyo.
Ukongeza kuphawu lwe-CE, imithetho yokungenisa impahla yasePortugal ibandakanya amanyathelo angakumbi, njengokuhlelwa kweTARIC echanekileyo, ixabiso leerhafu ngokusekelwe kwi-CIF, i-VAT ngexabiso eliqhelekileyo le-23% kwizinto ezininzi, kunye nesidingo samva nje soMntu onoxanduva olusekwe kwi-EU kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. IPortugal isiya ekucutshungulweni kwerhafu yedijithali, oko kuthetha ukuba abathumeli ngaphandle abalungisa amaphepha abo kwaye basebenzisane namaqabane anobuchule bezothutho baya kufumana iimpahla zabo ngerhafu ngokukhawuleza nangokungenangxaki ingako.
Abathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abafuna ukungena kweli shishini ngendlela ehlala ixesha elide kufuneka bazi indlela yokulandela imithetho kwaye benze umsebenzi olungileyo ngezothutho. Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo zothutho zeTopway Shipping, eziquka uthutho lokuqala, uthutho lwaselwandle, ukususwa kwempahla, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwempahla ngokukhawuleza, zinika abathumeli bangaphandle baseTshayina abathobela i-CE iziseko zobonelelo abazidingayo ukuze bakhonze imakethi yasePortugal ngokuthembekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezothutho kunye nokuthobela imithetho ngokuchanekileyo yinto eguqula ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kube kanye kube lishishini lokuthumela impahla ngaphandle eliphumelelayo nelikhulayo.
FAQs
Q: Ngaba kufuneka uphawu lwe-CE kuzo zonke iimveliso ezithunyelwa eTshayina ukuya ePortugal?
A: Hayi. Kuphela ziintlobo ezithile zeemveliso ezigutyungelwe yimiyalelo nemithetho ye-EU ekufuneka zifumane uphawu lwe-CE. Kodwa kukho imithetho engaphezu kwama-30 egutyungelwe yi-elektroniki, amathoyizi, oomatshini, izixhobo zonyango, i-PPE, nokunye okuninzi. Uphawu lwe-CE luyimfuneko ngokomthetho ngaphambi kokuba imveliso yakho ithengiswe ePortugal ukuba ingena kudidi olugutyungelweyo.
Q: Ngaba umenzi waseTshayina angaziqinisekisa ngokwakhe ukuba umele uphawu lwe-CE, okanye ngaba kufuneka iZiko lesithathu eliNotified Body?
A: Kuxhomekeke ekubeni imveliso inobungozi kangakanani na kwaye nguwuphi umyalelo osebenzayo. Ukusebenzisa iModule A (ulawulo lwangaphakathi lwemveliso), uninzi lweemveliso ezinomngcipheko omncinci zinokuqinisekiswa ngumenzi. Kodwa ukuze kuvavanywe kwaye kufunyanwe isiqinisekiso, iimveliso ezinomngcipheko ophezulu ezifana nezixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo zokuzikhusela kufuneka zibandakanye ngokusemthethweni iZiko eliNikiweyo elivunyiweyo yi-EU.
Q: Yintoni uphawu lwe-CE 'lokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweTshayina' kwaye ingaba lunesikhundla esisemthethweni ePortugal?
A: Kuxhomekeke ekubeni imveliso inobungozi kangakanani na kwaye nguwuphi umyalelo osebenzayo. Ukusebenzisa iModule A (ulawulo lwangaphakathi lwemveliso), uninzi lweemveliso ezinomngcipheko omncinci zinokuqinisekiswa ngumenzi. Kodwa ukuze kuvavanywe kwaye kufunyanwe isiqinisekiso, iimveliso ezinomngcipheko ophezulu ezifana nezixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo zokuzikhusela kufuneka zibandakanye ngokusemthethweni iZiko eliNikiweyo elivunyiweyo yi-EU.
Q: Lithini izinga le-VAT elisebenza kwiimpahla ezingeniswe eTshayina zisiya ePortugal?
A: Izinga eliqhelekileyo le-VAT (IVA) ePortugal yi-23%, kwaye lisebenza kwiimpahla ezininzi eziziswa kweli lizwe. Iintlobo ezithile zezinto, ezifana nokutya kunye neempahla ezisisiseko, zihlawuliswa amazinga aphantsi e-13% kunye ne-6%. Ixabiso le-CIF (ixabiso leemveliso kunye nokuthunyelwa kunye ne-inshurensi) kunye nayo nayiphi na intlawulo yerhafu isetyenziselwa ukubala i-VAT. Amashishini abhalisele i-VAT adla ngokufumana i-VAT yokungenisa ayihlawuleyo ngokubuyisela i-VAT rhoqo.
Q: Ngaba iTopway Shipping ijongana nokuvunyelwa kwempahla ePortugal?
A: Ewe. Njengenxalenye yeenkonzo zayo ezipheleleyo zothutho, iTopway Shipping ibonelela ngeenkonzo ezipheleleyo zokucoca imithwalo. ITopway ibikwishishini lothutho lwamazwe ngamazwe kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-15. Iingcali zabo zinganceda ngamaphepha eerhafu zasePortugal nase-EU, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla zaseTshayina ezithobela i-CE zidlula ngokukhawuleza kwimithwalo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka okungeyomfuneko.
Q: Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuvunyelwa kwempahla evela eTshayina ePortugal?
A: Njengoko iPortugal iqhubeka nokwenza iinkqubo zayo zerhafu zibe zedijithali nge-portal ye-eAduana zibe zedijithali, ixesha elithathayo ukucima ukuthunyelwa kwedijithali okuvumelanayo liya lisiba lifutshane, ngoku kuthatha iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-48 kuphela. Kodwa ukuthunyelwa okungenazo zonke iimpepha ezifanelekileyo, okune-CE marking engalunganga, okanye okuneekhowudi ze-TARIC ezikhankanyiweyo kunokufuneka kulinde ixesha elide ukuze kuvavanywe. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kuphuma ngokukhawuleza kukuba nawo onke amaphepha okuthobela imithetho afunekayo acwangciswe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba aphume eTshayina.
